BROMLEY BOROUGH LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY President: The Worshipful the Mayor of Bromley
FEBRUARY 1993
This is the first newsletter for 1993 and I am going to alter things a little which I hope will meet with your approval. I have been rather worried about the interval between the issues of Bromieage - six monthly - and have decided to issue it instead with every newsletter. Because of the long gaps in Bromieage we have the situation where the article 'The Chislehurst Connection' was started in November 1991 and it is only 15 months later that we can show the sources used in the preparation of this article and I feel that it is just not good enough. I have aiso considered the possibility of producing the newsletter and Bromieage as A 5 size but with the equipment I have I can only do this by printing on A 4 and then having the whole page reduced in size. This would of course mean the print would come out very small and, in view of our many elderly members, this does not appear to be acceptable. I am aiso hopefully going to produce the newsletter bi-monthly instead of quarterly which should be better for the many members who are unable to attend most of our meetings. I am well aware that this will mean a heavier postage bill but if we aim to issue at the end of a month then we should be able to hand out many of the letters at our meeting on the first Tuesday of the following month and this will cut our costs considerably, so please make sure you take your copy at the meeting to save our postage.
SUBSCRIPTIONS & MEMBERSHIP
Our membership is growing steadily and we welcome the following new members who have recently joined us:-
Miss P . Evans Shortlands Mr & Mrs D.Ford Shortlands Mr L. Johnson Penge Mr & Mrs P.Latham Beckenham Mr & Mrs G.Lee Beckenham Mrs S. Morris Beckenham Mr & Mrs P.Sheldon Beckenham Mrs H. Sibe lias Bromley Miss S. Vheller Beckenham
While we are on the subject of membership I would like to remind you that subscriptions were due at the beginning of January. If you haven't yet paid them please do so as soon as possible.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
You will find enclosed with your newsletter all the bits and pieces for the A.G.M. on April 6th. Please attend this if at all possible - there will be an interesting talk by Mike Scott, the Bromley Local History Librarian, as soon as the main business of the meeting is finished.
HELP - We need a new Secretary to replace Jack Sanders who feels the time has come for him to retire from the post. We can assure you that you will get 100% extra enjoyment out of the Society if' you opt to
Page take on the role, plus of course a little extra work!! If you feel like volunteering please give our Chairman a ring on 081 650 8342.
ALEX FREEMAN COMPETITION
Entries for the Alex Freeman Competition are coming in steadily. If you haven’t finished yours yet you will have to get down to it as the last day for entries to be received is April 11th.
M. B. E. AWARD
It gives us great pleasure to congratulate our West Wickham member, Mrs Joyce Walker on being awarded the M.B.E. in the New Year's Honours. Joyce, who has lived in West Wickham since 1959, is the author of several books on local history.
VISITS
Insignia Talk and Visit to Old Palace - Friday 19th March - 11.00 a.m.
There are a few places left for our outing in March. Please phone Elaine on 0689 854408 if you wish to attend. Parking is available in the Civic Centre Car Park in Stockwell Close. We will meet at the Main Enquiry Desk at the Civic Centre where we will be escorted to the Old Palace by the Mace bearer.
Bethlem Royal Hospital Museum and Archives - Friday 7th May - 2.00 p.m.
Miss Allderidge archivist of the hospital, who gave a most interesting talk to the Society in January, has kindly arranged for a small party to look around the museum and archives. Space is very restricted and there will only be room for 20 people to attend. This should prove a very interesting visit. The collection includes paintings by Richard Dadd. Louis Wain (cats) and Nijinsky, all former patients of the hospital. Miss Allderidge will also display archives relating to our area that will interest us. If it is a fine day it is hoped that we will be allowed to look around the extensive grounds, staff permitting. You may park inside the grounds, turning right at the main entrance and parking in the courtyard directly in front of the museum - it is signposted. The 119 and 194 buses pass the end of the road, alight at Monks Orchard on the Wickham Road. Please phone Elaine - 0689 854408 - to book your place. No charge but there will be an alms box in the museum if you wish to contribute.
Crofton Roman Villa at Orpington - Sunday 13th June - 3■00 p.m.
We will have a conducted tour of the site including a brief history and graphical display of the area. This is a follow up to the informative talk that Mrs Philp gave at our November meeting. There is no restriction on numbers so please just turn up! Charge 60p; 30p for children and OAPs. There is parking in the Civic Hall car park, alternatively the Orpington station car park is free on Sundays.
HAYES VILLAGE ASSOCIATION
Hayes Village Association have arranged many events to celebrate their Diamond Jubilee Lhis year. Please try to support as many of them as you can. We list a few of the festivities below and will give more dates in our next bulletin.
Page 2 Festival Launch - Saturday April 3rd - in the Village Hall Children's Concert - St. Mary's Church - Sunday 25th April Crystal Palace Brass Band Concert - Hayes School - 15th May Flower Festival - St. Mary’s Church - 10th - 13th June Carnival Procession - Hayes Common - Sunday 20th June Cricket Match - Hayes Cricket Club - Wednesday 23rd June Open Air Service Churches of Hayes - Sunday 27th June
Hayes Village Association need about 3 miles of bunting to decorate the village for the Carnival and anyone who could help would be very welcome. Have you any spare material and/or ready-made bunting? Could you cut out the required shapes or could you machine some of the material to the tapes? Phone Shirley on 462 7604 if you wish to offer your services.
LEWISHAM LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY
Friday 26th March: The Periwinkle Watermill Museum Project by Martin Safferv - 7.45 p.m. - Methodist Church, Albion Way, Lewisham, S.E. 13
Thursday 29th April: Do you reaily want a Museum by Zoev Brooks - 7.45 p.m. - St. Laurence Church, Catford
Thursday 27th May: The Story of Deptford Power Station by Roy Bourne - 7.45 p.m. - St. Laurence Church, Catford
Bromley members will be welcome at the meetings of our sister society in Lewisham. The 26th March meeting focuses on the story and achievements of the Periwinkle Museum near Sittingbourne. while the April meeting will be addressed by the Director of the Vauxhall St. Peters Heritage Centre. The two meeting places both have their own car parks.
BROMLEY ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP
On Friday April 23rd our member Bill Morton will be giving a slide show at Chislehurst Library at 2.00 p.m. It will cover the Chislehurst and Sidcup areas and Bill says everyone is welcome.
Bill would welcome information on a solicitor in the 19th century named Beniamin Greene Lake who served 12 years penal servitude for fraud. Bill can be reached on 0689 855409
BECKENHAM CIVIC SOCIETY
Thursday 1st April - 'The Bromley District Hospital? and other topics.’ The Chief Executive of the Bromley Health Authority, Mr Mark Rees, will describe just what is going on in Bromley as regards our hospitals and the latest about the District Hospital proposal at Elmfield. Bromley Common.
Beckenham Civic Society meets in the Small Hall in the Public Hall, Bromley Road, Beckenham and their meetings start prompiv at 8.00 p.m.
THE HISTORIAL ASSOCIATION - Bromiev & Beckenham Branch
Thursday 22nd April - Mrs A. Matthews will show slides of TUTANKHAMUN
Page 3 Thursday 6th May - Mr J. Beech will show a video of THE BECK BROOK
All meetings are held in the Day Centre at the corner of Beckenham Road and Hayne Road. Beckenham at 8.00 p.m. For further information please phone Mrs Wagstaff on 081 777 7742.
BECKENHAM AND PENGE GROUP
The next meeting of the Beckenham and Penge Group will be on Wednesday March 10th when Mr K. Miller will show a public relations film made in the late 1930's for Beckenham Council. It will last about 45 minutes.
We are fortunate that our worries over using the Urban Studies Centre in Kent House Road have faded at least for the time being. The centre which was due to be closed on March 31st has been taken over by Rovston School and the headmaster, Mr Brian Marsden has kindly given permission for us to continue to use the centre for our meetings.
REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS
It is hoped that we will be able to get a panel of regular contributors for our future newsletters. We want to cover the whole Borough so need people in Orpington, Chislehurst, Hayes, Kcston, West Wickham, Beckenham and Penge etc. We want to know what events will be taking place as well as short articles on the area. There must be someone out there who could send us a few lines every other month. This is your magazine and we badly need your support to make it a good and interesting publication. Please help us.
ANNIVERSARIES
We are often not aware of all the anniversaries within the Borough until they have passed and it is too late to do anything. We ask you therefore to think of anything which is likely to crop up within your area in the next year or so in order that some research can be done and the event suitably recorded for the Society. .
1993 Bromley Road School, Beckenham - 175 years St. Christopher's School, Beckenham - Centenary Beckenham U.D.C. buying Kelsey Park - 80 years
1994 Beckenham Ladies Golf Club - Centenary Opening of new Shortlands Station - Centenary Penge Salvation Army Citadel - Centenary
Keep your ears and eyes open and see how many more you can spot for us - we really do need your help to make this a success.
If you have any news, views, or criticisms please contact me, Mrs Nancy Tonkin, 23 Bramlev Wav, West Wickham, BR 4 9 NT, or telephone 081 777 8861.
Page 4 PUBLICATION OF THE BROMLEY BOROUGH LOCAL HISTORY SOCIEiY
February 1993
1086 - DOMESDAY INDUSTRY AND ENTREPRENEURS
IN WHAT IS NOW THE LONDON BOROUGH OF BROMLEY
The first industries and entrepreneurs in the area now included in the London Borough of Bromley are lost in the mists of time but there would have been some prior to and during the Roman occupation, and during the Saxon period between the beginning of the 5th century and the Norman invasion of 1066. Domesday Book 'published' in 1086 for William I contains a unique snapshot of most of England and this assessment of the industries and entrepreneurs at that timne, within what is now the London Borough of Bromley, has been developed from it.
Domesday lists the manors; their tenants in chief, i.e. those magnates who held the land directly from the King; the under tenant or lord of each manor; how much land it contained; how much of that land was farmed directly by the lord and how much by his under tenants; the number of heads of households and slaves; the value of its woodland in terms of swine pasture, the number of mills, fisheries and so on which it contained; and finally the vaiue of each manor before 1086, in 1086 and what it actually paid.
Although the Domedav descriptions are graphic, the exact area covered by each manor in the sense of its geographical extent, north, south, east and west, is not known and I have had to assume that all of the land contained within the eleven manors shown below, were included in the present area of the Borough. In practice some of their land would have been outside the present Borough boundaries, whilst the land of other manors may have been within them.
BROMLEY'S MANORS IN 1086
Beckenham Bromley Chelsfield Crofton Cudham Keston Orpington Ruxley St. Mary's Cray St. Paul's Cray West Wickham
In order to simplify Table 1, it refers to the areas in sulungs for each manor and not to the number of plough teams ascibed to the Lord and his tenants. The arithmetic of the plough teams is complex and sometimes difficult to understand. A sulung was a unit of land measurement, peculiar to Kent, which is usually reckoned at about 200 acres, but was probably an area which in an average year produced crops of a certain value - in practice therefore a sulung on very fertile land would probably have contained less acres than one on poor land. Nevertheless, it is a good indicator of a manor's size. The vaiue of the woodland held by the manor 'which may in practice have been outwith its boundaries, e.g. in the great waste of the Weald) is given in Domesday as so many pigs, the actual number
Page given, normally reckoned to be one tenth of the number actually held. Meadow which was used for making hay for winter fodder was very limited and therefore extremely valuable. Mills in 1086 were all water driven and were essential for grinding corn.
What does all of this tell us in the contect of industrial Bromley and its entrepreneurs (defined as "persons in effective control of commercial undertakings") nine hundred years ago?
Entrepreneurs
The tenants-in-chief in Kent and the number of manors (or separate holdings) held by them (but not their values) is set out in Table 2. Domesday Book treats Dover and Canterbury separately from the main holdings, setting down who owned what, who paid taxes and for what, and those individuals with special rights. Included with Dover are the various holdings of 'The Canons of St. Martins Dover' and 'The Possessions of Three Canons of St. Martins'. None of these has been included in the list in Table 2. Much fuller treatment would be needed to afford proper comparison, taking into account cross-holdings and values, which varied considerably from a few shillings to £200 for the great manor of Milton Regis.
Of our eleven manors, nine were held by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux as Tenant in Chief. Odo was a half brother of the King and held a massive 225 manors in Kent (representing 56* of the total number in the county) and by far and away the largest single holding of any Tenant in Chief. Of the fourteen landholders in the county (including the King himself), the King held four manors directly, the Archbishop of Canterbury (and his ’men-at- arms') 39, and the Bishop of Rochester 16. In 1086 Odo was 'Mr Big’ in the county and an entrepreneur par excellence in the worst sense of the word, with a reputation for taking what he was not given. He also bore out the expression 'the higher they climb, the harder they fall' for, in 1088 following the death of Wiliam I, he supported Robert Curthose's claim to the throne, against William II and as a result forfeited most of his possessions in the county.
The Bishop of Rochester and the Archbishop of Canterbury were the tenants-in-chief of Bromley's two remaining manors.
There were six under tenants who controlled ten of the eleven manors, Bromley being farmed directly by the Bishop of Rochester and most of Orpington by the Archbishop's monks.
Ansgot held land in Aylseford from the King, the manor of Farningham from the Archbishop and Beckenham, Maplescombe, Howberv, Aldington, Stockbury, Great Deice, Stoke and Henhurst from Odo, the total value of his land in Kent being £62. He had clearly done well from the Conquest and the fact that eight of his ten manors in Kent were held from Odo shows that he clearly was his man.
Arnulf of Hesdin held Chelsfield, part of Farningham, Cliffe and Haven, again, all from Odo. The total value was £31.10 but they paid £41.10, Chelsfield accounting for £25 and £35 respectively.
Ansketel of Ros (who was one of the Archbishop's 'men-at-arms') held Crofton and St. Paul's Cray from Odo as well as Darenth, Horton Kirby, North Cray, Allington, Offham, Acrise and part of Hoo, as well as parts of
Page 6 Maidstone and Gillingham from the Archbishop and Ashenfieid from St. Augustine's Church, giving a total value of about £55.
Gilbert Maminot only held Cudham and Keston valued at £26.
Mauger was another of the Archbishop's 'men-at-asms' and held part of Orpington from the Archbishop and Lullingstone, Pinden, Ruxlev and part of Farningham fromOdo, showing a total value of about £12.
Adam, son of Hubert, held the manors of St. Mary Cray, West Wickham, Ridley, Sutton Valence and East Sutton, part of Hoo, houses in Canterbury, and woodland in Belice all from Odo and woodland in Newington from Albert the Chaplain, all showing a total value of about £62.
Based on the definition of entrepreneur, but loosely extended to, a person who can turn a situation to good account, Ansgot (£62), Ansketel of Ros (£55), and Adam son of Hubert (£62) would all seem to definitely qualify, with Arnulf of Hesdin (£35) and Gilbert Maminot (£26) in a second division and Mauger probably not counting and well behind at £12.
Industries
Arable farming was the principal occupation, but in terms of 'industries', in the context of early Norman Bromley, woodland for pig pasture and watermills for grinding corn and oats are the only two which seeem to qualify, and for which we have information.
The eleven manors (counting Orpington as one) accounted, for tax purposes, for 306 pigs per annum, or a total pig polulation of about 3,000. This number probably relates to those which were pannaged on the wastes and in the great forests, either between the arable of the manors or on the North Downs or in the Weald. The number probably excluded those which were held by individual villagers and smallholders on their own patches for domestic purposes. The time taken to shepherd and drove about 3,000 pigs, let alone to cure and transport the meat of a proportion each year to urban markets, must have been considerable and in the context of early Norman Bromley, would have constituted a significant industry.
There were eleven watermills on the group of manors. Crofton, Keston and St. Mary's Cray being without, whilst Cudham had two and that part of Orpington held by 'The Archbishop's Monks' having three. Their total per annum value (excluding Beckenham, the value of which was not given) was £3- 1-8 which compares to £146-10 for the stated per annum value of the manors or £162-8 in terms of what they actually paid. These water mills were relatively simple affairs, sufficient to turn a millstone to grind the local corn and oats. Nevertheless, their paddle wheels, attendanr machinery and buildings, all had to be built and maintained by someone and operated presumably by one of the villagers or small holders on each manor.
Alas, however, Domesday Book holds its secrets on these as on so many other aspects of early Norman Bromley.
It is hoped that the above gives a glimpse of the Borough of Bromley in 1086, particularly in the context of its entrepreneurs (those new men who did weil from the Conquest) and its two recorded industries.
Page / 47 47 90 19 19 1/2 £162=8 £146=10 11 11 0 E3=l=8d 306 199 TOMS 0 0 1 10 13 24 £13 £13 1 0 1/8 CB CB o f B Adan sen o f Hubert 1/2 0 7 5 5 7 £3 £3 1 1 0 3/6 Ansketel o f Rocs OB oOB f B 0 1 6 1 10 10 14 £10 £10 St (tìry's St Paul's Vtest Adam son Adam o f Hubert Cray Cray Cray oOB f 3 Wickham 0 J 0 1 £5 £5 10 10 1 1 0 12s OB oOB f B Mauger 23 / 1 0 2 2 10 46 25 £28 £25 3 3 0 16/4 50 p A o f C1 2 A o f C1 3/4 3 4 4 1 11 £2=10 £2=10 E E 0 [tìnger Orpington Ctpingtcn Ruxley A o f C l 1/2 0 5 0 0 4 £2 £2 Kosten Maninot G ilb e rt . 0 CB CB Of B 2 2 0 14/2 0 6 4 40 11 15 £24 £24 Kaninot G ilb e rt Cuban oOB f B 0 0 0 0 3 4 1 1/4 £6 £6 Ansketel o f Rots C roftcn CB o f B 1 0 10s 4 4 2 10 10 20 £35 £25 C h e ls fie ld Herdin CB CB o f B A m u lf o f TOGLE 1 TOGLE 1 0 4s 2 0 a O tB f (WCRS IN 1086 3 26 30 £20=18s £18 100 Bronley y B B o f R 1 4 8 2 12 60 22 £13 £13 Bsctenhan from Cdo Bishcp o f Eayeaux. Ansgot CB CB o f 3 seatis co have successfully claiired this, with the King's support, Strictly land held by the Archbishop's '" 'ks'. 2 3 A half sulung of this v*as actually in tit .urcr of Keston. 1 1 Strictly land held by the Archbishop'o 'Men at Ants'. The Archbishrn B B of S A of C - Bishcp - of ArchbishopRochester of Canterbury OB oOB f B - Cdo Bishcp o f Bayeaux (per anrun) NOTES: (Nuiber o f pigs showi) Wvat i t pays in 1086 (Heads o f Houses) (Heads o f Houses) Value in 1086 H ills and Value Msadow Msadow (a cres) Slaves Woodland Stallholders Under Dsnant or Lord T b ta l Sulungs V illa g e rs Ttenant Ttenant in C hief Page TABLE 2
LAND HOLDINGS IN KENT IN 1086
King William I 4
The Archbishop of Canterbury 27) 39
The Archbishop's Men-at-Arms 12)
The Archbishop's Monks 22
The Bishop of Rochester 16
Odo Bishop of Bayeaux 225
Battle Abbey (Wye) 1
St. Augustine's Abbey 30
Ghent Abbey (Lewishami 1
Hugh de Montfort 54 o Count Eustace (Westerham & Boughton Aluph] ¿m
Richard of Tonbridge (Yalding & East Barming) 2
Haymo the Sherriff 4
Albert the Chaplain (Newington) 1
TOTAL 401
Contributed by Tom Hollobone of West Wickham
xxxxxxxxxxxx
LITTLE TICH - Harry Relph (1867 - 1928)
On Monday 27th April 1992, my brother and I attended the unveiling of the plaque commemorating the birthplace of the great Victorian entertainer "Little Tich" at the Blacksmith's Arms, Cudhara. The ceremony was performed by the Mayor of Bromley, Mr. Phillip Jones in conjunction with Councillor. Mr Bloomfield. The bar of the pub was an excellent venue for the occasion, the landlord. Mr Cyril Hutchings, acting as host.
A very special guest was the comedian's daughter, Mary Powel, who is quite well known in her own right and has written a book on the life of her father.
One end to the bar was used for a fascinatinhg display of letters and photographs illustrating outstanding events in the life of "Little Tich".
Page 9 The very specia. shoes he was noted for, have been preserved tor display in a glass case in the bar.
In all. it was a most instructive and enjovabie occasion, with a nostalgic glimpse into the entertainment of by-gone years.
-he Proprietors, Cyril and Sylvia Hutchings: "Little Tich's" daughter. Mary Powei: Councillor Bloomfield: The Mayor of Bromley. Phi_.ii. ones.
Contributed tv Alan and George Church
Alan Church also writes to say he has been in touch with Stuart Clarke at the Civic Centre who has promoised a list of piaques. According to Mr Clarke the system of awarding 'Blue Plaques' has changed over the years. The present system staterted in 1990. The council committee that decides the award of piaques meets in March. The awards must fulfil the following criteria:-
1 The famous person must be dead.
d The building in connection with above person must still exist.
3 : The plaque must be displayed in public view.
Page 10 AN IRISHMAN OF IRASCIBLE TEMPERAMENT
Few general practioners have a recreation ground named after them. But Dr. William Blake, of the now-demolished Bedford Lodge at 2, Station Road, West Wickham, was one such.
He has been described as "an Irishman of irascible temperament, a smoker and drinker with equal application.... much loved by all his patients, who at first made his rounds in a pony and trap, later in a Model T Ford driven with sublime indifference to other road users" (Knowlden, Patricia and Walker, Joyce, WEST WICKHAM: PAST INTO PRESENT, 1986, pp223- 224).
His robust manner provided excellent copy for Beckenham and Penge Advertiser. When, for instance, the Parish Council (of which he was, for many years, chairman) considered a letter from the Rector, Lieutenant- Colonel Shaw Page, suggesting that the West Wickham-Hayes boundary should be clearly marked, he commented: "both Rectors (ie, of West Wickham and Hayes) should be taken round and bumped on the posts" (30 October 1930).
His opinion of the Rector, who had in the latter's own works been "terribly wounded" and had been awarded the DSO and the MC in the Great War, was again expressed publicly when a member of the Parish Council complained that the War Memorial was "in a rather moth-eaten state". He responded, from the Chair: "if you write to the Rector you will get two days' confinement to barracks" (21 May 19311
His views on nonconformists were equally outspoken. When the Parish Council were temporarily homeless because of the reconstruction of the Lecture Hall in Sussex Road where they normally met, it was suggested that they might meet at Emmanuel Church in the Grove. To this, he replied: "Don't let us go to that tub-thumping place" (17 December 1931)
On another occasion he was chairing a meeting of the Parish Council when he was interupted officiously by a policeman because his car lights had not been switched on. "You'd better put them on", he retorted, "I'n busy on important business" (30 November 1933).
At an official ceremony marking the union of Beckenham and West Wickham he followed other, pompous, speeches by commenting: "(The Parish Council) have had to chuck it and are now on the dole. West Wickham has lost its individuality and is now merely a collection of those nasty things called Wards" (5 April 1934)
In 1935, he was charged with driving without due care and attention. It was reported that he had told the motorist into whose car he had swerved; "I am fed up with driving. I ought never to be on the road.... I'm always in a mess" 119 December 1935). On another occasion he collided with a motor cyclist and was fined five pounds (23 May 1940). By then, he was 76 years old and still practising.
His large, gloomy house (much neglected by him after the death of his second wife in 1936) was also his surgery. There he did his own dispensing to the sound of a continuous smoker’s cough.
Yet for all his idiosyncrasies and eccentricities he was a brilliant doctor. During the Great War he had attended at the local emergency auxiliary hospitals and a sergeant patient had been moved to write to the
Page 11 local paper: "Goodness only knows how many a poor man would be short of a limb today were it not for this doctor's skill, patience and attention' (walker, Joyce, WEST WICKHSAM AND THE GREAT WAR, 1988, p53)
He died in 1944, aged 81, having continued in practice almost to the end (ibid, pl26). The Blake Recreation Ground in Beckenham Road had already been named in his honour. He was long remembered, especially by the poor of the former village whom he had attended day or night in all weathers with great care and skill and frequently with no thought of payment.
Contributed by Dr Ron Cox
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
'The Chislehurst Connection' by John Winter-Lotimer - principal sources
BATTLE, Arthur. 'Edwardian Chislehurst". Meresborough Books, 1988.
BUSHELL, T.A. "Imperial Chislehurst". Barracuda Books, Buckingham, 1974.
BUSHELL, Pat, "Chislehurst in Camera". Quotes, Buckingham, 1987.
CAMDEN William."Britannia" Abridged, English Translation. Joseph Wild 1710.
FEATHERSTONE, Donald. "Captain Carey's Blunder". Death of the Prince Imperial. Leo Cooper, London, 1973.
FILON Augustin. "Recollections of the Empress Eugenie" Cassell, London 1920
GUEST, Ivor. "Napoleon III in England" London, 1952.
JOHN. Katherine. "The Prince Imperial". Putnam, London, 1939.
KELLY, Bernard W. "Prince Louis Napoleon, Prince Imperial of France". St. Michael's Abbey Press. Farnborough.
MARRIOTT, J.W. "A Short History of Chislehurst". 1912.
SARGEAUNT, John. "Annals of Westminster School".
WAYMARK, Peter. "A History of Petts Wood". 3romley Libraries, 1983.
WEBB. E.A.. MILLER. G.W., and BECKWITH. J. "The History of Chislehurst". George Allen. London, 1899.
WILLETT, William. "The Waste of Daylight". Pamnphlet, 1914.
Dictionary of National Biography.
The Times
The Bromley Record
Chislehurst Parish Magazine.
Page 12