Molekuláris Markerek Alkalmazása a Szolo Magvatlanságának Követésére És Rosa L. Taxonok Rokonsági Viszonyainak Vizsgál

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Molekuláris Markerek Alkalmazása a Szolo Magvatlanságának Követésére És Rosa L. Taxonok Rokonsági Viszonyainak Vizsgál Doktori (PhD) értekezés Molekuláris markerek alkalmazása a szol˝ o˝ magvatlanságának követésére és Rosa L. taxonok rokonsági viszonyainak vizsgálatára Deák Tamás Témavezeto:˝ Dr. Bisztray György Dénes, PhD egyetemi docens, BCE SzBI Szolészeti˝ Tanszék Külso˝ konzulensek: Dr. Facsar Géza, CSc egyetemi docens, BCE KeTK Növénytani Tanszék Dr. Kozma Pál, CSc tudományos fomunkatárs,˝ PTE TTK Szolészeti˝ és Borászati Intézet Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Szolészeti˝ és Borászati Intézet Szolészeti˝ Tanszék Budapest 2010 A doktori iskola megnevezése: Kertészettudományi Doktori Iskola tudományága: Növénytermesztési és kertészeti tudományok vezetoje:˝ Dr. Tóth Magdolna egyetemi tanár, DSc Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar, Gyümölcstermo˝ Növények Tanszék Témavezeto:˝ Dr. Bisztray György Dénes egyetemi docens, PhD Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Szolészeti˝ és Borászati Intézet, Szolészeti˝ Tanszék A jelölt a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Doktori Szabályzatában eloírt˝ valamennyi feltételnek eleget tett, az értekezés m˝uhelyvitájábanelhangzott észrevételeket és javaslatokat az értekezés átdolgozásakor figyelembe vette, ezért az értekezés nyilvános vitára bocsátható. ...................................................... az iskolavezeto˝ jóváhagyása a témavezeto˝ jóváhagyása A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Élettudományi Területi Doktori Tanács 2010. március 9-i határo- zatában a nyilvános vita lefolytatására az alábbi bíráló Bizottságot jelölte ki: BÍRÁLÓ BIZOTTSÁG: Elnöke Kállay Miklós, CSc, BCE Tagjai Lukács Noémi, PhD, BCE Hajdu Edit, CSc, BCE Báló Borbála, PhD, SzBKI, Eger Fári Miklós, DSc, DE Opponensek Kiss Erzsébet, CSc, SZIE Kocsis László, PE, Georgikon Titkár Zanathy Gábor, CSc, BCE Tartalomjegyzék Tartalomjegyzék 1. Bevezetés 7 2. Célkit˝uzés9 3. Irodalmi áttekintés 11 3.1. Molekuláris markerek................................. 11 3.1.1. Kémiai, fizikai és fehérje alapú molekuláris markerek............ 11 3.1.2. DNS alapú molekuláris markerek ...................... 12 3.1.3. AFLP adatok elemzése............................ 16 3.2. Rózsa (Rosa L.).................................... 19 3.2.1. A klasszikus rózsa rendszerek........................ 20 3.2.2. Poliploidia a rózsa nemzetségben ...................... 23 3.2.3. Rózsák molekuláris markerezése....................... 26 3.2.4. Rózsarendszerezés molekuláris alapokon .................. 28 3.3. A szol˝ o˝ (Vitis vinifera L.) magvatlansága....................... 31 3.3.1. A szol˝ o˝ magvatlanságának típusai...................... 35 3.3.2. A szol˝ o-magvatlanság˝ genetikai háttere................... 37 3.3.3. Szol˝ o-magvatlanság˝ markerezése ...................... 40 3.3.4. A szol˝ o˝ magvatlanságáért felelos˝ génjelöltek ................ 43 4. Anyag és módszer 45 4.1. A vizsgált növényanyag................................ 45 4.1.1. A vizsgált rózsa taxonok........................... 45 4.1.2. A szol˝ o-magvatlanság˝ markerezése során felhasznált családok . 48 4.2. Felhasznált módszerek ................................ 50 4.2.1. Mintagy˝ujtésés DNS kivonás ........................ 50 4.2.2. AFLP vizsgálat................................ 51 4.2.3. AFPL adatok elemzése............................ 53 4.2.4. Rózsa ITS fragmensek CelI polimorfizmusa................. 54 4.2.5. A szol˝ o-magvatlansághoz˝ kapcsolt SCAR-CAPS marker.......... 54 5. Eredmények 57 5.1. Rózsa fajok AFLP analízise.............................. 57 5.1.1. Filogenetikai megközelítés.......................... 65 5.2. A Pimpinellifoliae szekció CelI polimorfizmusa................... 67 5.3. Szol˝ o-magvatlanság˝ követése SCAR-CAPS markerrel................ 69 5.3.1. SI és TII hibridcsaládok ........................... 69 5.3.2. VRH 3082-1-42 (BC4) × ’Kismis moldavszkij’ család magvatlansága . 71 1 Tartalomjegyzék 5.4. Az SCC8 lókusz jellemzése, markerfejlesztés .................... 75 6. Eredmények megvitatása 81 6.1. Magyarországi rózsa fajok AFLP vizsgálata..................... 81 6.1.1. Elozetes˝ megfontolások ........................... 81 6.1.2. AFLP vizsgálatok .............................. 83 6.1.3. A vizsgált rózsa taxonok rendszertani viszonyai............... 85 6.1.4. A Pimpinellifoliae szekció CelI polimorfizmusa............... 86 6.2. A szol˝ o-magvatlanság˝ markerezése.......................... 87 6.2.1. Az SCC8 marker öröklodése˝ a vizsgált családokban ............ 87 6.2.2. Az SCC8 lókusz jellemzése ......................... 90 6.2.3. MAS az SCC8 markerrel........................... 92 6.2.4. A magvatlanság öröklodése˝ a vizsgált nemzedékekben........... 93 6.2.5. SdI génjelöltek................................ 95 6.3. Új tudományos eredmények ............................. 99 7. Összefoglalás 101 8. Irodalomjegyzék 103 9. Mellékletek 125 M1. A Rosa genus rendszertani felosztása.........................125 M2. Kiegészíto˝ információk az Anyag és módszer fejezethez . 128 M2.1. A vizsgált rózsa egyedek...........................128 M2.2. Általános oldatok, pufferek..........................131 M2.3. AFLP protokoll................................132 M2.4. AFLP adatelemzés..............................135 M2.5. CelI protokoll.................................136 M2.6. Szol˝ o˝ magvatlanság SCAR-RFLP protokoll . 138 M3. Kiegészítések az AFLP eredményekhez .......................139 M3.1. Ordinációs diagramok ............................139 M3.2. Jaccard és Dice távolságon alapuló UPGMA dendogramok . 141 M4. Kiegészíto˝ információk a szol˝ o˝ magvatlanságának markerezéséhez . 143 M4.1. Az SCC8 allélok többszörös illesztése....................143 M4.2. Szol˝ o˝ magvatlanságáért felelos˝ génjelöltek . 146 2 Ábrák jegyzéke Ábrák jegyzéke 1. Az AFLP reakció elve ................................ 13 2. Bináris adatok kontingenciatáblája.......................... 17 3. A rózsa nemzetség morfológiai sokfélesége ..................... 22 4. A Caninae szekció mikrospóra-anyasejtjében lejátszódó meiotikus folyamatok vázlata......................................... 24 5. A Caninae szekció makrospóra-anyasejtjében lejátszódó meiotikus folyamatok vázlata......................................... 26 6. Sztenospermokarp ’Thompson Seedless’ szol˝ obogyó˝ ................ 36 7. A sztenospermokarp magvatlanság öröklodésének˝ modellje............. 38 8. A Caninae szekciót képviselo˝ egyes vizsgált egyedek................ 47 9. SZ.NAGY LÁSZLÓ nemesítési programjából származó TII család pedigréje . 49 10. SZ.NAGY LÁSZLÓ nemesítési programjából származó SI cslád pedigréje . 49 11. IFJ.KOZMA PÁL multirezisztens, magvatlan csemegeszol˝ o˝ nemesítési programjá- nak általam vizsgált családja ............................. 50 12. Az AFLP sávok gyakorisági eloszlása ........................ 57 13. Ochiai különbözoségi˝ mutatón alapuló NMDS.................... 58 14. Az AFLP adatok alapján végzett PCA........................ 59 15. A 40 Kárpát-medencei rózsa taxon rokonsági viszonyait mutató AFLP dendogram . 60 16. A bootstrap elemzés konszenzus hálózata ...................... 62 17. A Rubigineae alszekciót képviselo˝ egyes vizsgált egyedek ............. 64 18. A vizsgált rózsa taxonok neighbor-net filogenetikai hálózata ............ 65 19. A vizsgált rózsa taxonok hibridizációs hálózata ................... 66 20. A Pimpinellifoliae szekció ITS polimorfizmusa ................... 67 21. A T II hibridcsalád egyedei genotípusának azonosítása SCAR-CAPS markerrel . 69 22. A pécsi SzBKI programjában leggyakrabban használt szülok˝ SCC8 genotípusa . 71 23. A magvatlanság markerezése során tapasztalt gélmintázatok jellegzetes példái . 72 24. Az SCC8 lókusz öröklodésének˝ Punett-táblája.................... 73 25. A PN40024 klón genomról SCC8 primerekkel felszaporított lókuszok . 75 26. Ellenorz˝ o˝ emésztés a ’Kismis moldavszkij’ SCC8 lókuszának klónjain . 76 27. Az SCC8 lókuszok NJ fája .............................. 76 28. A szekvenált SCC8 allélok illesztésének egy részlete a magvassághoz kapcsolt BglII hasítóhely körül................................. 77 29. Az scc-F61 és scc-R850 primerekkel végzett amplifikáció és emésztés eredménye különbözo˝ magvas és magvatlan genotípusokon................... 78 30. Szol˝ o-magvatlanság˝ nyomonkövetése az scc-F6 és scc-R914 új SCC primerekkel . 79 3 Táblázatok jegyzéke 31. Az új primerekkel felszaporított PCR-termék BglII, HindIII és PstI emésztésének gélképe ........................................ 79 32. A magvatlanság különbözo˝ formái egy hasadó nemzedékben............ 94 33. A szol˝ o˝ konzervált miRC16 miRNS-ének másdodlagos szerkezete......... 97 34. Jaccard különbözoségi˝ mutatón alapuló NMDS ...................139 35. Dice-indexen alapuló NMDS.............................140 36. A 40 Kárpát-medencei rózsa taxon rokonsági viszonyait Jaccard távolságok alap- ján bemutató dendogram ...............................141 37. A 40 Kárpát-medencei rózsa taxon rokonsági viszonyait Dice indexek alapján bemutató dendogram .................................142 Táblázatok jegyzéke 1. Szol˝ ofajok˝ felhasználása a nemesítésben....................... 32 2. A magvatlanság öröklodésével˝ kapcsolatos feltételezések.............. 37 3. Az AFLP vizsgálatba bevont rózsa taxonok és azok ploidszintjei.......... 46 4. A Pimpinellifoliae szekció ITS-polimorfizmusának vizsgálatához felhasznált egyedek........................................ 48 5. Az AFLP vizsgálatokhoz használt adapterek és primerek szekvenciái . 52 6. A Pimpinellifoliae szekció vizsgált egyedeinek CelI polimorfizmusa . 68 7. Az SI és TII hibridcsaládok SCC8 genotípusa és magvatlanság fenotípusa . 70 8. Hasadási arányok a BC4 × ’Kismis moldavszkij’ nemzedékben..........
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