170 EXETER. DEVONSHIRE. [KELLY'S

The Constitututional Club, erected in 1883, and situated The Exeter Baths and Washhouses, in Rack street, opened at the corner of Bedford and Catherine streets, is a building 9th August, 1852, include six first-class and eight second­ of Wellington pressed bricks with Beer stone dressings, in class baths, and eight baths for women, these comprising the French Renaissance style from designs by Mr. Edward two vapour baths: the washhouse will allow of 19 washers Webb A.R.I.B.A. architect, of Exeter and Barnstaple. The at a time, and is amply supplied with hot and cold water, principal entrance is from Bedford street, and the club con­ and adjoining is a drying chamber. tains, on the basement floor, an American bowling alley, There are six Banks :-The City Bank of Exeter, the Devon buffet, cellars and offices ; on the ground floor is the secre­ and Cornwall Bank, the Exeter Bank, the National Provincial tary's office, bar, stewards' and visitors' rooms &c. with Bank of England, the Wilts and Dorset Banking Company three spacious shops; on the first floor is a spacious meeting and Messrs. Fox, Fowler and Co. room, coffee and news rooms; on the second floor, two billiard rooms with bagatelle, card and smoking rooms; and The Devon and Exeter Savings Bank, established in 1815, on the third floor, kitchen, scullery, cook's pantry, bath is under the direction of thirty-six trustees and upwards of room and four bedrooms. one hundred managers, and has receivers of deposits in The first Theatre Royal, situated between Bedford circus almost every town in the county; on November 20th, 1887, and Southernhay, after having been rebuilt was destroyed it had a balance due to 32,982 depositors of £1,142,3°8 by fire in 1803; in 1824 a new theatre was erected, which 9s. 3d. and had invested in the Bank of England to same date in turn gave place to another theatre, built at the junction £1,181,698 7s. IOd. This institution is empowered, under of Longbrook street and New North road, from designs the provisions of the Act 16 and 17 Vie. cap. 45, to grant by Mr. C. J. Phipps, architect, of London, and opened Government Annuities not exceeding £100 a year. October, 1886; this structure was also burnt down on The Devon and Exeter Hospital, in Southernhay, was September 5, 1887, when upwards of 200 lives were lost: it first founded in 1741 : the present hospital, opened in 1743, is now (1889) again in course of erection. is an extensive brick building, containing about 200 beds The County Sessions House, built in 1773 and situated and a good medical library, established in 1838. The within the walls of Rougemont Castle, has a fine stone front: hospital has been considerably enlarged at various dates: in here the countysessions and assizes for Devon and the county 1856 a new wing was added from a bequest by Mrs. Hal. courts are held. In the Crown Court is a large painting, ford, and a ward for young children at the sole expense of about 21 feet by 16 feet, of the I' Judgment of Daniel," by the late Mrs. J. C. Bowring; a chapel for the nse of the WiLliam Brockedon. In the courtyard in front of the build­ patients was erected in 1866 at the sole expense of the late ing is a statue in white marble, by Mr. E. B. Stephens, of Arthur Kempe esq. to whose memory a stained west window Earl Fortescue K.G. lord-lieutenant of the county, erected in has been placed in the chapel by John Bullivant esq. The 1863. Larkbeare, a handsome mansion on the Topsham average yearly number of in-patients for the last 10 )'ears road, is appropriated as judges' lodgings. ending 1888 is 1,204 and out-patients 503. Exeter is within the Western Military District, and the The Dental Hospital, in Castle street, eSllablished in 1880, depot of the nth Regimental district (Devonshire Regi­ is open daily (Sundays excepted); and is wholly supported ment); and is also the head quarters of the 1st Devon by voluntary contributions. Militia, forming the 4th Battalion of the Devonshire Regi­ ment; two batteries of the Royal Artillery are also stationed The We!lt of England Eye Infirmary, in Magdalen street, here; and the Royal First Devon Yeomanry Cavalry, the 1st established in 1808, is an extensive building- of brick, with Devonshire Artillery Volunteers, and the 1St (Exeter and stuccoed front: it was enlarged in 1865, again in r88I, and a South Devon) and 3rd Battalions of Rifle Volunteers have considerable addition made to the land in the rear of the their respective head quarters in or near the city. building in 1888, at a cost of £300: it contains S0 beds, The Artillery barracks, in the Topsham road, are built of and the number of patients in 1888 was 1,852. brick and form a large square, with officers' quarters facing the entrance gates, quarters for the men, and stables on The Dispensary, in Queen street, established in 1818, is a plain edifice of stone, erected in 18.p at a cost of £2,400; either side; adjoining the entrance gates are various offices, mess room &c. the institution is supported by voluntary contributions, and The Higher barracks, in Howell road, originally built for in 1888 5.465 patients were relieved. cavalry in 1792, consist of several buildings of red brick, The Homceopathic Dispensary, Queen street, was estab­ with officers' quarters facing the entrance. lished in 1849. A large amount of business of various kinds is carried on The Lying-in Charity, Holloway street, was established in here, quantities of miscellaneous goods being imported and 1819 for the assistance of respectable poor married women exported by means of the river Exe. at their own homes during confinement. .A very important wool market is held every Friday. The principal industries are paper making, iron and brass The Devon and Exeter Female Reformatory and Refuge foundries and flour milling; there are also large tanneries for Discharged Prisoners, situated in Polsloe road, is a plain and breweries, the oldest of which is the City brewery, situ­ brick building, erected in 1835, for the employment and in­ ated in the Commercial road: an important tobacco factory, struction of discharged prisoners, and was enlarged as a that of Messrs. H. E. Lloyd and Son, employing over 100 Reformatory School in 1858. persons and fitted with the newest machinery; and a large The Institution for Trained Nurses and Home Hospital, printing office, that of Mr. Townshend, employing 70 or in Magdalen street, is a plain building of stone, originally 80 persons; a considerable number are also employed in established as a training institution for nurses in 1863; in building, brick making and steam sawing, and in the 1881 it was converted into an establishment for sending nurseries of Messrs. Veitch and Son. out trained nurses to private patients and for the reception The woollen manufacture was mtroduced here at an of a limited number of paying patients: it is partly sup­ early period, and in the tin1e of Queeu Elizabeth a great ported by \'oluntary contributions. number of foreign clothworkers were employed: in 1676 nearly the whole of the citizens were engaged in this The Female Home and Penitentiary, in Holloway street, branch of trade, the extent of which may be judged from founded in r819, is a large building of brick, and is available the fact that, in 1750, 3°2,760 pieces were exported; a cen­ for 50 inmates. tury later we find but slight traces to indicate that so large The West of England Institution for the Instruction of a business had ever existed, the closing of the continental the Deaf and Dumb, established in 1826, occupies buildings ports against English goods by Napoleon I. having inflicted of stone in the Topsham road; a new wing was added in a blow on the woollen trade of Exeter from which it never 1862, and there are now 43 children on the foundation. recovered, and the manufacture has now entirely disap­ peared. The West of England Institution for the instruction and The city possesses two excellent and spacious covered Employment of the Blind, situated on St. David's hill, is a markets, erected under the provisions of an Act of Parlia­ large edifice of red brick, erected in 1839 and enlarged in ment, at a cost of £88,220. The Eastern Market, a structure 1855, and consists of a central block, three storeys in height, with a principal entrance on the ground floor, and wings of of the Doric order, bnilt chiefly of granite and Bath stone • and occupying an area of about 230 by 165 feet, extends two storeys, with an annexe to the right wing, built in 1850. from Queen street to Goldsmith street, and was opened in Large quantities of basket work, matting, brushes, sash I838 for the sale of meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. The lines and knitted work are here manufactured: the work­ Western Market, in Fore street, completed in 1836, is occu­ rooms are open to public inspection from IQ to 12 and 2 to pied mainly by butchers' stalls, but has a few shops, and a 4 on Wednesdays and Fridays: in 1886-7 there were 26 portion is also appropriated to the use of corn and seed male and 14 female inmates, beside II adult daily pupils. factors. The Exeter charities may be classified as general, church The Cattle Market, in Bonhay road, is close to the river and miscellaneous. Exe; the market day is Friday. Fairs are held on the I. General charities :-At.twill's, consisting of IS alms­ third Wednesday in February and May, first Thursday in houses in Northernhay street, for as many poor persons of October, last ·Wednesday in July and the second Wednesday Exeter, and 24 almshouses in the New North road; each mar­ in December. ried inmate receives 6s. and each single inmate Ss. per week,