DOCSLIB.ORG

Sexual Reproduction in Chydorid Cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in Southern Finland – Implications for Paleolimnology Liisa Nevalainen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sexual Reproduction in Chydorid Cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in Southern Finland – Implications for Paleolimnology Liisa Nevalainen Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland – implications for paleolimnology Liisa Nevalainen Academic dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Science of the University of Helsinki, for public criticism in lecture room E204 of Physicum, Kumpula, on November 14th, 2008 at 12 o’clock Publications of the Department of Geology D16 Helsinki 2008 Ph.D. thesis No. 203 of the Department of Geology, University of Helsinki Supervised by: Dr. Kaarina Sarmaja-Korjonen Department of Geology University of Helsinki Finland Reviewed by: Prof. Krystyna Szeroczyńska Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences Poland Dr. Milla Rautio Department of Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Finland Discussed with: Dr. Marina Manca The National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Ecosystem Study Italy Cover: morning mist on Lake Hampträsk ISSN 1795-3499 ISBN 978-952-10-4271-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-10-4272-0 (PDF) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/ Helsinki 2008 Yliopistopaino Liisa Nevalainen: Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland - implication for paleolimnology, University of Helsinki, 2008, 54 pp. + appendix, University of Helsinki, Publications of the Department of Geology D16, ISSN 1795-3499, ISBN 978-952-10-4271-3 (paperback), ISBN 978-952-10-4272-0 (PDF). Abstract The relationship between sexual reproduction of littoral chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) and environmental factors in aquatic ecosystems has been rarely studied, although the sexual behavior of some planktonic cladocerans is well documented. Ecological monitoring was used to study the relationship between climate-related and non-climatic environmental factors and chydorid sexual reproduction patterns in nine environmentally different lakes that were closely situated to each other in southern Finland. Furthermore, paleolimnological ephippium analysis was used to clarify how current sexual reproduction is reflected in surface sediments of the same nine lakes. Additionally, short sediment cores from two of the lakes were studied with ephippium analysis to examine how recent climate-related and non-climatic environmental changes were reflected in chydorid sexual reproduction. Ephippium analysis uses the subfossil shells of asexual individuals to represent asexual reproduction and the shells of sexual females, i.e. ephippia, to represent sexual reproduction. The relative proportion of ephippia of all chydorid species, i.e. total chydorid ephippia (TCE) indicates the relative proportion of sexual reproduction during the open-water season. This thesis is part of the EPHIPPIUM-project which aims to develop ephippium analysis towards a quantitative climate reconstruction tool. To be able to develop a valid climate model, the influence of the environmental stressors other than climate on contemporary sexual reproduction and its reflection in sediment assemblages must be clarified so they can be eliminated from the model. During contemporary monitoring a few sexual individuals were observed during summer, apparently forced to sexual reproduction by non-climatic local environmental factors, such as crowding or invertebrate predation. Monitoring also revealed that the autumnal chydorid sexual reproduction period was consistent between the different lakes and climate-related factors appeared to act as the main inducers and regulators of autumnal sexual reproduction. However, during autumn, chydorid species and populations among the lakes exhibited a wide variation in the intensity, induction time, and length of autumnal sexual reproduction. These variations apparently act as mechanisms for local adaptations due to the genetic variability provided by sexual reproduction that enhance the ecological flexibility of chydorid species, allowing them to inhabit a wide range of environments. A large variation was also detected in the abundance of parthenogenetic and gamogenetic individuals during the open-water season among the lakes. On the basis of surface sediment samples, the general level of the TCE is ca. 3-4% in southern Finland, reflecting an average proportion of sexual reproduction in this specific climate. The variation in the TCE was much lower than could be expected on the basis of the monitoring results. This suggests that some of the variation detected by monitoring may derive from differences between sampling sites and years smoothed out in the sediment samples, providing an average of the entire lake area and several years. The TCE is always connected to various ecological interactions in lake ecosystems and therefore is always lake-specific. Hypothetically, deterioration of climate conditions can be detected in the TCE as an increase in ephippia of all chydorid species, since a shortening open-water season is reflected in the relative proportions of the two reproduction modes. Such an increase was clearly detected for the time period of the Little Ice Age in a sediment core. The paleolimnological results also indicated that TCE can suddenly increase due to ephippia of one or two species, which suggests that at least some chydorids can somehow increase the production of resting eggs under local environmental stress. Thus, some environmental factors may act as species-specific environmental stressors. The actual mechanism of the “increased” sexual reproduction seen in sediments has been unknown but the present study suggests that the mechanism is probably the increased intensity of gamogenesis, i.e. that a larger proportion of individuals in autumnal populations reproduce sexually, which results in a larger proportion of ephippia in sediments and a higher TCE. The results of this thesis demonstrate the utility of ephippium analysis as a paleoclimatological method which may also detect paleolimnological changes by identifying species-specific environmental stressors. For a quantitative TCE-based climate reconstruction model, the natural variation in the TCE of surface sediments in different climates must be clarified with more extensive studies. In addition, it is important to recognize the lakes where the TCE is not only a reflection of the length of the open-water season, but is also non-climatically forced. The results of ephippium analysis should always be interpreted in a lake-specific manner and in the context of other paleoecological proxies. Contents List of publications Author’s contribution to the publications 1. Introduction 8 1.1. Biology of cladocerans 8 1.2. Cladoceran reproduction 12 1.3. Cladocerans in paleolimnology 15 1.4. Ephippium analysis 17 1.5. Objectives of this thesis 19 2. Material and Methods 20 2.1. Sites 20 2.2. Sampling and sample analyses 23 2.2.1. Contemporary samples 23 2.2.2. Sediment samples 24 2.3. Data analysis 25 3. Results and Discussion 25 3.1. Chydorid distribution 25 3.1.1. Species occurrence in sweep net and surface sediment samples 25 3.1.2. First findings of intact Unapertura latens sp. n. 28 3.2. Monitoring of modern sexual reproduction 29 3.2.1. Timing of gamogenesis (I) 29 3.2.2. Intensity of autumnal gamogenesis (II) 31 3.2.3. Population sizes and abundance of gamogenesis (III) 35 3.3. Sexual reproduction reflected in sediments 37 3.3.1. Chydorid ephippia in the Hampträsk core (IV) 37 3.3.2. Chydorid ephippia in surface sediments (V) 38 3.3.3. Chydorid ephippia in the Pieni Majaslampi core (V) 40 4. Conclusions 41 Acknowledgements References Appendix Publications I-V List of publications This thesis is based on the following papers, which in the text are referred to by Roman numerals: I Nevalainen, L. and Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. 2008. Timing of sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) from nine lakes in southern Finland. Estonian Journal of Ecology 57, 21-36. II Nevalainen, L. and Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. 2008. Intensity of autumnal gamogenesis in chydorid (Cladocera, Chydoridae) communities in southern Finland, with a focus on Alonella nana (Baird). Aquatic Ecology 42, 151-163. III Nevalainen, L. 2008. Parthenogenesis and gamogenesis in seasonal succession of chydorids (Crustacea, Chydoridae) in three low-productive lakes as observed with activity traps. Polish Journal of Ecology 56, 85-97. IV Luoto, T.P., Nevalainen, L. and Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. 2008. Multiproxy evidence for the ‘Little Ice Age’ from Lake Hampträsk, Southern Finland. Journal of Paleolimnology 40, 1097-1113. V Sarmaja-Korjonen, K., Nevalainen L. and Gąsiorowski, M. Chydorid ephippia in surface sediments and a short core from southern Finland – evidence of increased sexual reproduction caused by environmental forcing. Submitted to Journal of Paleolimnology. In addition to the original papers, this thesis includes previously unpublished material analyzed by the author. Author’s contribution to the publications I K. Sarmaja-Korjonen planned the study, L. Nevalainen performed the sampling and the sample and data analyses, L. Nevalainen and K. Sarmaja-Korjonen interpreted the results and prepared the manuscript II L. Nevalainen and K. Sarmaja-Korjonen planned the study, L. Nevalainen performed the sampling and the sample and data analyses, L. Nevalainen and K. Sarmaja-Korjonen interpreted the results and prepared the manuscript III L. Nevalainen planned the study, performed the sampling, the sample and data analyses, interpreted the results and prepared the manuscript IV K. Sarmaja-Korjonen, T.P. Luoto and L. Nevalainen planned the study, L. Nevalainen and T.P. Luoto performed the sampling, T.P. Luoto
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Ephippia belonging to Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia Thomas A. Hegna and Alexey A. Kotov ABSTRACT The first fossil ephippia (cladoceran exuvia containing resting eggs) belonging to the extant genus Ceriodaphnia (Anomopoda: Daphniidae) are reported from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) freshwater Koonwarra Fossil Bed (Strzelecki Group), South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. They represent only the second record of (pre-Quater- nary) fossil cladoceran ephippia from Australia (Ceriodaphnia and Simocephalus, both being from Koonwarra). The occurrence of both of these genera is roughly coincident with the first occurrence of these genera elsewhere (i.e., Mongolia). This suggests that the early radiation of daphniid anomopods predates the breakup of Pangaea. In addi- tion, some putative cladoceran body fossils from the same locality are reviewed; though they are consistent with the size and shape of cladocerans, they possess no cladoceran-specific synapomorphies. They are thus regarded as indeterminate diplostracans. Thomas A. Hegna. Department of Geology, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA. ta- [email protected] Alexey A. Kotov. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia and Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str.18, Kazan 420000, Russia. alexey-a- [email protected] Keywords: Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Cladocera; Anomopoda; Daphniidae; Cretaceous. Submission: 28 March 2016 Acceptance: 22 September 2016 INTRODUCTION tions that the sparse known fossil record does not correlate with a meager past diversity. The rarity of Water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) are small, the cladoceran fossils is probably an artifact, a soft-bodied branchiopod crustaceans and are a result of insufficient efforts to find them in known diverse and ubiquitous component of inland and new palaeontological collections (Kotov, aquatic communities (Dumont and Negrea, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of the Chydorus Sphaericus Group (Cladocera: Chydoridae) in the Northern Palearctic
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Phylogeography of the Chydorus sphaericus Group (Cladocera: Chydoridae) in the Northern Palearctic Alexey A. Kotov1☯*, Dmitry P. Karabanov1,2☯, Eugeniya I. Bekker1☯, Tatiana V. Neretina3☯, Derek J. Taylor4☯ 1 Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 2 Laboratory of Fish Ecology, I. D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Yaroslavl Area, Russia, 3 White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 4 Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States of America a11111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS The biodiversity and the biogeography are still poorly understood for freshwater inverte- brates. The crustacean Chydorus sphaericus-brevilabris complex (Cladocera: Chydoridae) Citation: Kotov AA, Karabanov DP, Bekker EI, Neretina TV, Taylor DJ (2016) Phylogeography of is composed of species that are important components of Holarctic freshwater food webs. the Chydorus sphaericus Group (Cladocera: Recent morphological and genetic study of the complex has indicated a substantial species Chydoridae) in the Northern Palearctic. PLoS ONE diversity in the northern hemisphere. However, we know little of the geographic boundaries 11(12): e0168711. doi:10.1371/journal. of these novel lineages. Moreover, a large section of the Palearctic remains unexamined at pone.0168711 the genetic level. Here we attempt to address the biodiversity knowledge gap for the Chy- Editor: Michael Knapp, University of Otago, NEW dorus sphaericus group in the central Palearctic and assess its diversity and biogeographic ZEALAND boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Zooplankton of the Belgrade Lakes: the Influence of Top-Down And
    Colby College Digital Commons @ Colby Honors Theses Student Research 2011 Zooplankton of the Belgrade Lakes: The Influence of op-DownT and Bottom-Up Forces in Family Abundance Kimberly M. Bittler Colby College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Colby College theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed or downloaded from this site for the purposes of research and scholarship. Reproduction or distribution for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the author. Recommended Citation Bittler, Kimberly M., "Zooplankton of the Belgrade Lakes: The Influence of op-DownT and Bottom-Up Forces in Family Abundance" (2011). Honors Theses. Paper 794. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses/794 This Honors Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Colby. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to assess the abundance and family diversity of zooplankton communities in the Belgrade Lakes, and to identify the broad scale and local variables that structure zooplankton communities in this region. The local effects of shoreline development and the presence of macrophyte patches were compared to larger scale variables, such as watershed wide residential development. Zooplankton are an intermediate link in the freshwater food web, and communities respond both to predation pressures as well as nutrient inputs. Shoreline development was expected to influence zooplankton densities by the increased nutrient inputs via erosion off developed sites with no buffer.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is the Accepted Manuscript. Please Use the Final Publication, Available at Link.Springer.Com, for Referencing and Citing
    **This is the accepted manuscript. Please use the final publication, available at link.springer.com, for referencing and citing. Integrating History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences in Practice to Enhance Science Education: Swammerdam’s Historia Insectorum Generalis and the case of the water flea Abstract: Hasok Chang (Science & Education 20: 317-341, 2011) shows how the recovery of past experimental knowledge, the physical replication of historical experiments, and the extension of recovered knowledge can increase scientific understanding. These activities can also play an important role in both science and history and philosophy of science (HPS) education. In this paper I describe the implementation of an integrated learning project that I initiated, organized, and structured to complement a course in history and philosophy of the life sciences (HPLS). The project focuses on the study and use of descriptions, observations, experiments, and recording techniques used by early microscopists to classify various species of water flea. The first published illustrations and descriptions of the water flea were included in the Dutch naturalist Jan Swammerdam’s (1669) Historia Insectorum Generalis. After studying these, we first used the descriptions, techniques, and nomenclature recovered to observe, record, and classify the specimens collected from our university ponds. We then used updated recording techniques and image-based keys to observe and identify the specimens. The implementation of these newer techniques was guided in part by the observations and records that resulted from our use of the recovered historical methods of investigation. The series of HPLS labs constructed as part of this interdisciplinary project provided a space for students to consider and wrestle with the many philosophical issues that arise in the process of identifying an unknown organism and offered unique learning opportunities that engaged students’ curiosity and critical thinking skills.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2, Chapter 10-1: Arthropods: Crustacea
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Arthropods: Crustacea – Copepoda and Cladocera. Chapt. 10-1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. 10-1-1 Bryological Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 19 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 10-1 ARTHROPODS: CRUSTACEA – COPEPODA AND CLADOCERA TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA ......................................................................................................................... 10-1-2 Reproduction .............................................................................................................................................. 10-1-3 Dispersal .................................................................................................................................................... 10-1-3 Habitat Fragmentation ................................................................................................................................ 10-1-3 Habitat Importance ..................................................................................................................................... 10-1-3 Terrestrial ............................................................................................................................................ 10-1-3 Peatlands ............................................................................................................................................. 10-1-4 Springs ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the South-East of the Korean Peninsula, with Twenty New Records for Korea*
    Zootaxa 3368: 50–90 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the south-east of the Korean Peninsula, with twenty new records for Korea* ALEXEY A. KOTOV1,2, HYUN GI JEONG2 & WONCHOEL LEE2 1 A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea *In: Karanovic, T. & Lee, W. (Eds) (2012) Biodiversity of Invertebrates in Korea. Zootaxa, 3368, 1–304. Abstract We studied the cladocerans from 15 different freshwater bodies in south-east of the Korean Peninsula. Twenty species are first records for Korea, viz. 1. Sida ortiva Korovchinsky, 1979; 2. Pseudosida cf. szalayi (Daday, 1898); 3. Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888; 4. Simocephalus congener (Koch, 1841); 5. Moinodaphnia macleayi (King, 1853); 6. Ilyocryptus cune- atus Štifter, 1988; 7. Ilyocryptus cf. raridentatus Smirnov, 1989; 8. Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882; 9. Macrothrix pen- nigera Shen, Sung & Chen, 1961; 10. Macrothrix triserialis Brady, 1886; 11. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924; 12. Chydorus irinae Smirnov & Sheveleva, 2010; 13. Disparalona ikarus Kotov & Sinev, 2011; 14. Ephemeroporus cf. barroisi (Richard, 1894); 15. Camptocercus uncinatus Smirnov, 1971; 16. Camptocercus vietnamensis Than, 1980; 17. Kurzia (Rostrokurzia) longirostris (Daday, 1898); 18. Leydigia (Neoleydigia) acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854); 19. Monospilus daedalus Kotov & Sinev, 2011; 20. Nedorchynchotalona chiangi Kotov & Sinev, 2011. Most of them are il- lustrated and briefly redescribed from newly collected material. We also provide illustrations of four taxa previously re- corded from Korea: Sida crystallina (O.F.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Conservation of the Unique and Diverse Halophilic Macroinvertebrates of Australian Salt Lakes
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Marine and Freshwater Research Corrigendum https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21088_CO Biology and conservation of the unique and diverse halophilic macroinvertebrates of Australian salt lakes Angus D’Arcy Lawrie, Jennifer Chaplin and Adrian Pinder Marine and Freshwater Research. [Published online 2 July 2021]. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21088 The authors of the above-mentioned paper regret to inform readers that there were errors published in the systematics of one of the taxa in the manuscript. The list of groups in the Cladocera section (on p. F) was published as below: The bulk of Cladocera that occur in inland waters in Australia are restricted to fresh water, but three groups have representatives in salt lakes. These groups comprise: (1) six species of Daphniopsis (or Daphnia; see below); (2) two species of Daphnia (Daphnia salinifera Hebert and Daphnia neosalinifera Hebert) from the Daphnia carinata (King) subgenus; and (3) three species of chydorid: Moina baylyi Forro´, Moina mongolica Daday and Extremalona timmsi Sinev & Shiel. This text should have been as below (changes underlined): The bulk of Cladocera that occur in inland waters in Australia are restricted to fresh water, but four groups have representatives in salt lakes. These groups comprise: (1) six species of Daphniopsis (or Daphnia; see below); (2) two species of Daphnia (Daphnia salinifera Hebert and Daphnia neosalinifera Hebert) from the Daphnia carinata (King) subgenus; (3) two Moina species (Moina baylyi Forro´ and Moina mongolica Daday); and (4) one species of chydorid (Extremalona timmsi Sinev & Shiel). Furthermore, the title of the Chydorids section should have been titled Moinids and chydorids.
    [Show full text]
  • Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Colombia Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Fuentes-Reines, Juan M.; Elmoor-Loureiro, Lourdes M.A. First record of Karualona penuelasi (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Colombia Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 86, núm. 4, 2015, pp. 1091-1094 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42542747029 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 86 (2015) 1091–1094 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Research note First record of Karualona penuelasi (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Colombia Primer registro de Karualona penuelasi (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) de Colombia a,∗ b Juan M. Fuentes-Reines , Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro a Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación de Ecosistemas, Calle 25, Núm. 2-124, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia b Laboratório de Biodiversidade Aquática, Universidade Católica de Brasília, QS 7, Lote 1, Bloco M, sala 204, CEP 71966-700, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil Received 7 November 2014; accepted 2 June 2015 Available online 10 November 2015 Abstract The cladoceran Karualona penuelasi (Dumont & Silva-Briano, 2000) (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) was found associated with the aquatic macro- phytes Eichhornia crassipes in Cerro de San Antonio Swamp, Magdalena Department, Colombia. This record represents the first one of the species in Colombia and in South America.
    [Show full text]
  • A Biographical Sketch of David G. Frey
    Hydrobiologia 143 : 1-8, (1986) 1 © Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht - Printed in the Netherlands A biographical sketch of David G . Frey David S . Baas' & Mary M . Boucherle2 'Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA 'Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada We have chosen this time to honor Dr . Frey be- In 1947, Frey accepted a faculty position at the cause this is the year of his 70th birthday and the University of North Carolina . During his first sum- year he will retire from teaching . As a teacher, he mer there, he organized and managed a survey of has introduced countless undergraduates to limnol- the Carolina Bay Lakes of the Coastal Plain . This ogy and paleolimnology, as well as having super- survey was under the auspices of the North Caroli- vised many graduate students in paleolimnological na Wildlife Resources Commission and was the research . We will return to this aspect of his career means by which Frey began investigating lake sedi- a little later. ments. David G . Frey was born on 10 October 1915, in After just one year, the Bay Lakes survey was Hartford, Wisconsin, USA . He studied at the abruptly cancelled. Fortunately for us, Frey's curi- University of Wisconsin at Madison, receiving his osity had been aroused as to the origin and de- Bachelor's degree in 1936, his Master's degree in velopment of this unique series of lakes . So, but 1938, and his Ph.D. in 1940 . Under his major with a few hundred dollars of support, he hired a professor, Chancey Juday, Frey studied the limnol- field assistant named H .
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Density of Cladoceran Population in Different Types Of
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(3): 1568-1572 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Diversity and density of cladoceran population in JEZS 2017; 5(3): 1568-1572 © 2017 JEZS different types of water bodies of Ludhiana, Received: 04-03-2017 Accepted: 05-04-2017 Punjab (India) Ankita Thakur Ph.D Scholar, Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural Ankita Thakur and Devinder Kaur Kocher University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Abstract The present study was conducted to record the diversity and density of cladoceran population during the Devinder Kaur Kocher year 2015. Water samples were collected from different types of water bodies viz; village ponds, fish Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural ponds and paddy fields of Ludhiana, Punjab (India). Identification of cladocerans was done on the basis University, Ludhiana, Punjab, of morphological features and their enumeration with the help of Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber (S- India R cell). Out of the recorded nine species of cladocerans, six were found to belong to family Daphnidae, two to family Moinidae and only one to family Chydoridae. Average percent composition of cladocerans in village ponds showed the distribution pattern with predominance of Daphnidae (51.01%) > Moinidae (48.27%) > Chydoridae (0.68%). In fish ponds Moinidae family was found to be predominant (62.95%) > Daphnidae (34.61%) > chydoridae (1.29%). Paddy fields were represented by Moinidae family only. Keywords: Cladocerans, density, diversity, water bodies 1. Introduction Among aquatic biota, freshwater zooplankton community comprises of protozoans, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and ostracods. Out of these, cladocera is an ancient group of palaeozoic [6] origin and found in almost all kind of aquatic habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Seasonal Variation in Biochemical Composition Of
    Annls Limnol. 35 (4) 1999 : 223-231 Analysis of the seasonal variation in biochemical composition of Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea : Branchiopoda : Anomopoda) from an aerated wastewater stabilisation pond H.-M. Cauchie1 M.-F. Jaspar-Versali2 L. Hoffmann3 J.-P. Thome1 Keywords : Daphnia magna, lipids, proteins, carotenoids, chitin, biochemical composition, waste stabilisation pond, aquacultu• re. The biochemical composition of Daphnia magna Straus, the dominant planktonic crustacean of the waste stabilisation pond of Differdange (Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg), was quantitatively determined from October 1993 to July 1994. Over the sampling period, the average composition (mean ± S.D.) was 271 ± 64 mg proteins.g-1 dry weight (DW), 100 ± 28 mg lipids.g-1 (DW), 96 ± 58 fig carotenoids.g-1 (DW), 49 ± 14 mg chitin.g"1 (DW) and 125 ± 78 mg ash.g"1 (DW). The seasonal variations of the bio• chemical composition were related to several ecological variables (water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, wa• ter transparency, chlorophyll a concentration and D. magna biomass). The chitin content was positively correlated to the water temperature as a result of the strong influence of this later variable on the moulting rate of the daphnids and, subsequently, on the chitin synthesis by these organisms. The carotenoid content was positively correlated to the water transparency as a result of their photoprotective role in daphnids. The fluctuations of the lipid, protein and ash levels in D. magna depended to the food availa• bility. Despite a seasonal variation in the biochemical composition, D. magna appeared to have adequate lipid and protein levels to be used in aquaculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Differences in Life History Traits and Quantities of DNA/RNA and Protein
    Polyploidy in Daphnia Methodology and effects on life history traits Kristian Alfsnes Master of Science Thesis University of Oslo Department of Biology Center for Evolutionary and Ecological Synthesis 2007 Daphnia pulex taken from “On the freshwater crustaceans occurring in the vicinity of Christiania” by Georg Ossian Sars, 1861 2 Preface The study was conducted at the University of Oslo, Norway, as a part of my master thesis. Ideas and initial proposals came from the ever-so-helpful professor Dag O. Hessen, which has been obliging in structuring and correcting the thesis, connecting me with people outside UiO and always being available for discussions. Countless hours with microscopy was done by professor Morten M. Laane, helping me with the cytogenetic analyses and lending great tips and hints for the other analyses. Great thanks to PhD-student Marcin Wojewodzic, who was working with me for the majority of this study, lending help whenever I needed, coming up with good solutions and reading through my manuscripts many times. Dziękuję! Per Færøvig patiently helped me with the flowcytometry and other laboratory work, Tom Andersen has lent great help with analyzing the data and the statistics and Jens Petter Nilssen for help with taxonomy and identification of the Daphnia. Thanks to Morten Skage at the University of Bergen for running microsatellite and mtDNA analyses and correcting my interpretation of the data, Anders Hobæk at NIVA in Bergen, for helping me with the microsatellite analysis, and compiling the phylogenetic tree for Daphnia with sequences gratefully received from John K. Colbourne at the University of Guelph. Thanks to Gerben van Geest at Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie which accompanied me at Svalbard, helping with sampling of Daphnia and later sharing data from the lakes and ponds of Ny-Ålesund.
    [Show full text]