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In the Supreme Court of British Columbia

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In the Supreme Court of British Columbia No. 90 0913 Victoria Registry IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BETWEEN: ROGER WILLIAM, on his own behalf and on behalf of all other members of the Xeni Gwet’in First Nations Government and on behalf of all other members of the Tsilhqot’in Nation PLAINTIFF AND: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN RIGHT OF THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, THE REGIONAL MANAGER OF THE CARIBOO FOREST REGION and THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA DEFENDANTS PLAINTIFF’ S REPLY APPENDIX 1B PLAINTIFF’S RESPONSE TO THE DEFENDANTS’ SUBMISSIONS ON DEFINITE TRACTS OF LAND WOODWARD & ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF COMPANY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA JUSTICE, CANADA Barristers and Solicitors Civil Litigation Section Aboriginal Law Section 844 Courtney Street, 2nd Floor 3RD Floor, 1405 Douglas Street 900 – 840 Howe Street Victoria, BC V8W 1C4 Victoria, BC V8W 9J5 Vancouver, B.C. V6Z 2S9 Solicitors for the Plaintiff Solicitor for the Defendants, Her Solicitor for the Defendant, Majesty the Queen in the Right of The Attorney General of Canada the Province of British Columbia and the Manager of the Cariboo Forest Region ROSENBERG & BORDEN LADNER ROSENBERG GERVAIS LLP Barristers & Solicitors Barristers & Solicitors 671D Market Hill Road 1200 Waterfront Centre, 200 Vancouver, BC V5Z 4B5 Burrard Street Solicitors for the Plaintiff Vancouver, BC V7X 1T2 Solicitor for the Defendants, Her Majesty the Queen in the Right of the Province of British Columbia and the Manager of the Cariboo Forest Region Exhibit 43 Photograph 38 Plaintiff’s Reply Appendix 1B Plaintiff’s Response to the Defendants’ Submissions on Definite Tracts of Land A. Southeast Tsilhqox Biny (Chilko Lake): west Ts’il?os (Mount Tatlow) and Relevant Portions of the Tl’echid Gunaz (Long Valley), Yuhitah (Yohetta Valley), Ts’i Talhl?ad (Rainbow Creek), Tsi Tese?an (Tchaikazan Valley) and Tsilhqox Tu Tl’az (Edmonds River) Watersheds ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Definite Tracts of Land............................................................................................... 3 2. Physically Occupied Before, At & After Crown Sovereignty.................................... 4 a. Historical Record and Related Expert Opinion .............................................................. 4 b. Genealogical Record, Related Expert Opinion & Tsilhqot’in Evidence ...................... 12 c. Additional Expert Opinion and Ethnohistorical Work ................................................. 26 d. General Points............................................................................................................... 28 3. Summary and Conclusion ......................................................................................... 36 B. Naghatalhchoz, Gwedzin, Talhiqox and Lhuy Nachasgwengulin............................ 36 1. Definite Tracts of Land............................................................................................. 37 2. Physically Occupied Before, At and After Crown Sovereignty ............................... 37 a. Historical Record and Related Expert Opinion ............................................................ 38 (i) 1822-1845 ................................................................................................................. 38 (ii) 1845 – 1897 ...................................................................................................... 40 (iii) 20th Century ...................................................................................................... 47 b. Genealogical Record, Related Expert Opinion & Tsilhqot’in Evidence ...................... 48 c. Additional Expert Opinion............................................................................................ 71 d. General Points............................................................................................................... 72 3. Summary and Conclusion ......................................................................................... 76 C. Tsimol Ch’ed (Potato Mountains) ............................................................................ 77 1. Definite Tract of Land .............................................................................................. 77 2. Physically Occupied Before, At & After Crown Sovereignty.................................. 77 a. Historical Record and Related Expert Opinion ............................................................ 78 b. Genealogical Record, Related Expert Opinion & Tsilhqot’in Evidence ...................... 85 c. Interference with Continuity....................................................................................... 108 d. Additional Expert Opinion.......................................................................................... 109 e. General Points............................................................................................................. 112 3. Summary and Conclusion ....................................................................................... 116 D. T’asbay Se?an Tl’ad (a.k.a. Goat Mountain), Nilht’isiquz (Stikelan Creek Valley), West Tsilhqox Biny (Chilko Lake), Tach’i Dilhgwenlh Dzelh (Huckleberry Mountain) and the Tsilhqox Biny valley from Ch’a Biny (Big Lagoon) to Gwedats’ish (Chiko Lake outlet) ........ 117 1. Definite Tracts of Land........................................................................................... 117 2. Physically Occupied Before, At and After Crown Sovereignty ............................. 118 a. Historical Record and Related Expert Opinion .......................................................... 118 b. Genealogical Record, Related Expert Opinion & Tsilhqot’in Evidence .................... 123 c. Additional Expert Opinion.......................................................................................... 132 d. General Points............................................................................................................. 133 1 3. Summary and Conclusion ....................................................................................... 136 E. Southwest Tsilqox Biny (Chilko Lake): Talhjez (Franklyn Arm), Nachent’az Dzelh (Boatswain Mountain), Yanats’idlush (Impasse Ridge), Tsi Nentsen Tsish Dzelh (Good Hope Mountain) and Tsilhqox Dzelh (Chilko Mountain).................................................................... 137 1. Definite Tracts of Land........................................................................................... 137 2. Physically Occupied Before, At & After Crown Sovereignty................................ 137 a. Historical Record and Related Expert Opinion .......................................................... 138 b. Genealogical Record, Related Expert Opinion & Tsilhqot’in Evidence .................... 143 c. General Points............................................................................................................. 148 3. Summary and Conclusion ....................................................................................... 149 F. The Claim Area Lands of the Taseko Lakes and East of the Taseko Lakes (Taseko Lakes Fish Lake, Little Fish Lake (Wasp Lake), and Onion Lake, Beece Creek; “Snow Mountains” to the east and south of Taseko Lakes) ................................................................... 149 1. Definite Tracts of Land…....................................................................................... 149 2. Physically Occupied Before, AT & After Crown Sovereignty............................... 150 a. Historical Record and Related Expert Opinion .......................................................... 152 b. Genealogical Record, Related Expert Opinion & Tsilhqot’in Evidence .................... 156 c. Additional Expert Evidence........................................................................................ 179 d. General Points............................................................................................................. 182 3. Summary and Conclusion ....................................................................................... 188 2 A. SOUTHEAST TSILHQOX BINY (CHILKO LAKE): WEST TS’IL?OS (MOUNT TATLOW) AND RELEVANT PORTIONS OF THE TL’ECHID GUNAZ (LONG VALLEY), YUHITAH (YOHETTA VALLEY), TS’I TALHL?AD (RAINBOW CREEK), TSI TESE?AN (TCHAIKAZAN VALLEY) AND TSILHQOX TU TL’AZ (EDMONDS RIVER) WATERSHEDS 1. DEFINITE TRACTS OF LAND 1. Physiographically, Chilko Lake is a large valley bottom lake ensconced within the Coast or Cascade Mountains in the southern Claim Area.1 Different tracts of land constitute the mountainous area on Chilko Lake south of Nemiah Valley. 2. Mount Tatlow itself, the highest peak in the region, bounds southern Nemiah Valley and runs west down to Chilko Lake. South of Mount Tatlow are the Long Valley, Yohetta Valley, Rainbow Creek, Tchaikazan Valley and Edmond River watersheds that are etched into this mountainous district. These terms delineate this landscape from an English language perspective. 3. The Tsilhqot’in identify these tracts of land in their own terms. Ts’il?os (Mount Tatlow) dominates the landscape and stretches west to Tsilhqox Biny (Chilko Lake) south of Xeni (Nemiah Valley). South of Ts’il?os are the watersheds of Tl’echid Gunaz (Long Valley), Yuhitah (Yohetta Valley), Ts’i Talhl?ad (Rainbow Creek), Tsi Tese?an (Tchaikazan Valley) and Tsilhqox Tu Tl’az (Edmond Creek). These mountainous lands are part of the sweep of Coast or Cascade Mountains known to the Tsilhqot’in
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