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A Stakeholder Analysis and Geographic Information Systems Application in Ejido X-Maben in Central Quintana Roo, Mexico Melissa K

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A Stakeholder Analysis and Geographic Information Systems Application in Ejido X-Maben in Central Quintana Roo, Mexico Melissa K Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-30-2004 Promoting community ecotourism enterprises in common property regimes : a stakeholder analysis and geographic information systems application in Ejido X-Maben in central Quintana Roo, Mexico Melissa K. Cornejo Florida International University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Environmental Studies Commons Recommended Citation Cornejo, Melissa K., "Promoting community ecotourism enterprises in common property regimes : a stakeholder analysis and geographic information systems application in Ejido X-Maben in central Quintana Roo, Mexico" (2004). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2516. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2516 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida PROMOTING COMMUNITY ECOTOURISM ENTERPRISES IN COMMON PROPERTY REGIMES: A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATION IN EJIDO X-MABEN IN CENTRAL QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES by Melissa K. Cornejo 2004 To: Dean R. Bruce Dunlap College of Arts and Sciences This thesis, written by Melissa K. Cornejo, and entitled Promoting Community Ecotourism Enterprises in Common Property Regimes: A Stakeholder Analysis and Geographic Information Systems Application in Ejido X-Maben in Central Quintana Roo, Mexico, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. Jennifer Gebelein William Vickers David Bray, Major Professor Date of Defense: March 30, 2004 The thesis of Melissa K. Cornejo is approved, Dean R. Bruce Dunlap College of Arts and Sciences Dean Douglas Wartzok University Graduate School Florida International University, 2004 I would like to acknowledge the members of my committee, especially Dr. David Bray for his advising and support during this project. I especially thank him for giving me the opportunity to work in community ecotourism, which has always been my dream. Dr. Jennifer Gebelein for guidance on the GIS portion of the project, Dr. William Vickers for his advice and support through the writing process. I would like to give special thanks to Stephanie Cohan for essential help in the field research, as well as moral support during the long summer days in central Quintana Roo. In addition, I would like to thank the ecotourism cooperative of ejido X-Maben, especially Marcos Cante for allowing me to work closely with them and helping me feel welcome. I would also like to thank the ejido communities of Pac-Chen, Chacchoben, Tihosuco, and Nueva Loria for sharing information about their developing ecotourism projects with me. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends who have stood by me and supported me through my time at FIU, and the Ford and Hewlett Packard Foundations for funding of this project. ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS PROMOTING COMMUNITY ECOTOURISM ENTERPRISES IN COMMON PROPERTY REGIMES: A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATION IN EJIDO X-MABEN IN CENTRAL QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO by Melissa K. Cornejo Florida International University, 2004 Miami, Florida Professor David Bray, Major Professor A group of community members of the ejido X-Maben in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico are currently in the process of developing a community ecotourism enterprise (CEE) to attract both local and foreign tourism to a natural area within their ejido. Most definitions of ecotourism define the natural area of interest as a protected area and include the requirement of integrating local communities into the benefits generated by ecotourism in that particular area. However, few researchers have considered the case of community ecotourism where the natural area is on communal lands and the enterprise itself is fully community-owned. This project analyzes the institutional complexities of planning an ecotourism enterprise within the ejido of X-Maben, includes a stakeholder analysis, and involves a GIS analysis of the placement of nature trails in the ecotourism area. The thesis project also includes examinations of other efforts to establish CEEs elsewhere in Quintana Roo. CHAPTER 1: Introduction......................................................................................................1 1.1: Tourism Categories.................................................................................1 1.2: Negative Impacts of Tourism............................................................... 6 1.3: Community Based Ecotourism (CBE)..................................................9 1.4: Studying CBE in a Common Property Regime................................... 14 1.5: Methodology..........................................................................................21 CHAPTER 2: Environment, History and Institutions of the Zona Maya of Quintana Roo................................................................................................ 27 2.1: Geography of the Yucatan Peninsula................................................... 27 2.2: Maya Civilization.................................................................................. 31 2.3: Spanish Colonization............................................................................ 35 2.4: The Caste War.......................................................................................37 2.5: The Rise of Chicle and Agrarian Reform.............................................41 2.6: The Rise of Community Forestry Enterprises.....................................47 CHAPTER 3: Tourism, Ecotourism, and Community Ecotourism Enterprises (CEEs) in Mexico...................................................................................................... 54 3.1: Tourism Development in Mexico........................................................ 54 3.2: The Emergence of Ecotourism in Mexico...........................................59 3.3: Mundo Maya and the Emergence of CEEs in Quintana Roo 69 CHAPTER 4: A Case Study of Community Based Ecotourism in Quintana R oo...........73 4.1: CEE in Ejido X-Maben........................................................................ 74 4.2: CEE in Ejido Tihosuco..........................................................................92 4.3: CEE in Ejido Pac-Chen......................................................................... 93 4.4: CEE in Ejido Chacchoben.....................................................................98 CHAPTER 5: Stakeholder Analysis of CEE in X-Maben................................................. 104 CHAPTER 6: GIS Application in Ejido X-Maben............................................................ 120 6.1: GIS and its Role in Action Research.................................................. 120 6.2: Methodology/ Metadata.......................................................................122 6.3: GIS Application Results...................................................................... 136 CHAPTER 7: Conclusions and Recommendations........................................................... 138 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES 1.1: Honey’s Ecotourism Requirements............................................................................ 4 2.1: Annual Precipitation in Quintana Roo...................................................................... 35 2.2: Organigrama of a CFE............................................................................................... 51 3.1: Arrivals of International Tourists to Mexico (1986-1996)...................................... 55 3.2: Arrivals to Cancun (1975-2002)................................................................................57 3.3: CEEs in Mexico..........................................................................................................66 4.1: Training Phases...........................................................................................................77 4.2: Specific Courses..........................................................................................................79 4.3: Cultural Tour Schedule............................................................................................... 89 5.1: Ejido X-Maben Ecotourism Enterprise Stakeholders..............................................105 5.2: Stakeholder Orbit...................................................................................................... 114 1: Major Towns, Archaeological Sites, and Research Sites in the Yucatan Peninsula...........................................................................................................................128 2: Distribution of Archaeological Sites...............................................................................129 3: Proposed Areas for Ecotourism and Conservation........................................................ 130 4: Senor and Laguna Azul....................................................................................................131 5: X-Maben Ecotourism Reserve.......................................................................................
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