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Biologia De Anofelinos Amazônicos. IV. Observações Sobre a Atividade De Picar De Anopheles Nuneztovari Gabaldon (Diptera, Culicidae) 0)

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Biologia De Anofelinos Amazônicos. IV. Observações Sobre a Atividade De Picar De Anopheles Nuneztovari Gabaldon (Diptera, Culicidae) 0) Biologia de anofelinos amazônicos. IV. Observações sobre a atividade de picar de Anopheles nuneztovari Gabaldon (Diptera, Culicidae) 0) Wanderli Pedro Tadei (J) José Marinho Correia (3) Resumo (1980) estudaram diferentes populações de A. nuneztovari quanto à variabilidade enzimá­ São relatadas observações sobre a atividade de picar de populações de Anopheles nuneztovari que apre­ tica e verificaram níveis relativamente altos sentam hábito exofílico e cujas coletas foram feitas no de variação genética- No entanto, pouca dife­ período entre 18*:00 e 22:00 horas, em d ferentes pon­ renciação foi observada entre as populações tos da Rodovia BR-174 (Manaus/Boa Visti). Foi verifi­ cromossomicamente distintas e sugeriram que cado que ocorrem variações no início e t 'rmino da ati­ a divergência p-<de ser um evento relativamen­ vidade de picar, contudo a mesma está c >ncentrada no horário entre 18:30 e 19:10 horas aproxir adamente. te recente no processo evolutivo de A. nunezto­ vari . O comportamento de populações de Ano­ Estudos relacionados com as d erenças na pheles nuneztovari foi estudado por diferentes capacidade vetor a da malária hurr na. em es­ autores. Foram registradas variações quanto pécies do gênero Anopheles, têi mostrado aos hábitos exofílico e endofílico, ao longo da que esta condição decorre com fr qüência do área de ocorrência da espécie (Deane ef al., fato de existirem espécies críptic: , ao longo 1948; Garcia-Martin, 1955; Gabaldon & Guerre­ de sua área de distribuição geogr ica. ro. 1959; Gabaldon et al., 1963). Elliott (1968. Anopheles nuneztovari, do sub inero Nys- 1972) estudando diferentes aspectos do conta­ sorhynchus, ocorre nos países c norte da to homem-vetor, sugeriu que A. nuneztovari é América do Sul, Bacia Amazônica rasil), Bo­ composta de, pelo menos, duas espécies críp­ lívia, Peru e Equador; contudo é nsiderada ticas que apresentam diferentes padrões na vetor primário da malária human? penas no atividade de picar: uma, procura preferencial­ ceste da Venezuela e norte da Cc nbia (Ga­ mente animais ao por do sol, e em geral fora baldon & Guerrero, 1959; Gabaldon al., 1963; das casas, e a outra, pica o homem tarde da Elliott, 1968, 1972; Gabaldon, 1969 noite e principalmente dentro das casas. Esta última é considerada o principal vetor da ma­ Kitzmiiler eí al. (1973), estudí ) a cons­ lária humana e ocorre no oeste da Venezuela tituição cromossômica de populações de Ano­ e norte da Colômbia. As duas populações são pheles nuneztovari do Brasil, Venezuela e Co­ supostamente simpátricas em algumas partes lômbia, verificaram que a população Venezue- dessas regiões. lana-Colombiana, vetora da malária, pode ser diferenciada da população brasileira, não veto­ Coletas realizadas nas proximidades da ra, por uma inversão no estado homozigoto no Rodovia BR-174 (Manaus/Boa Vista), desde o cromossomo X. Esses autores assinalaram que Km 137 ao 530, em janeiro e fevereiro de 1980, A. nuneztovari parece exibir uma quantidade possibilitaram registrar a ocorrência de popu­ considerável de variabilidade em diferentes lações de Anopheles nuneztovari que apresen­ partes de sua área de ocorrência. Assinalaram tam hábito exofílico e cuja atividade de picai também que um dos aspectos dessa variabili­ o homem ocorre ao pôr do sol. Foram realiza­ dade é o fato de, aparentemente, afetar a ca­ das caputras extradomiciliares em 9 pontos da pacidade vetora da espécie. Steiner et al. rodovia (figura 1) no horário das 18:00 às ( 1 ) — Trabalho subvencionado pelo CNPq e pela FAPESP. (2) — Instituto de Biocièncias (UNESP). São José do Rio Preto, SP. (3) — Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Manaus. ACTA AMAZÔNICA 12(1) : 71-74. 1982 — 71 22:00 horas. Tentativas de capturas intradomi- calidades brasileiras evidenciaram que S. sim- ciliares também foram realizadas em 3 pontos plicicolor do Aripuanã e S. guianense e S. san- (Km 138, Aeroporto da FAB e Km 522), porém guineum 8.1. rio Aruá apresentam um padrão resultaram infrutíferas, pois não foram obtidos de atividade claramente bimodal; entretanto, espécimes nessas condições. Na Tabela 1, constam os resultados das coletas e os perío­ dos em que os exemplares foram capturados durante todo o horário da mesma. Observcu-se uma variação no horário de início da atividade de picar nos diferentes pontos de coleta. A atividade iniciou-se mais cedo no Igarapé Ca­ nastra e no Rio Jauaperi (18:00 e 18:10 horas respectivamente). O término da atividade tam­ bém variou, sendo mais tardia no Igarapé Ca­ nastra (21:00 horas). A duração atingiu, no máximo, duas horas, registradas também no referido Igarapé. O maior número de exempla­ res foi coletado no Km 138, totalizando 245 es­ pécimes em duas coletas. Verificou-se que a atividade de picar durante as 4 horas de obser­ vação está concentrada, na maoiria dos pontos de coleta, no horário das 18h:30' às 19h:10', aproximadamente. Resultados semelhantes na atividade de picar de Anopheles nunezíovari também foram observados por Panday (1977) e Paraluppi (1978), respectivamente para populações de A. nunezíovari do Suriname e de Manaus. O primeiro autor, durante 24 horas de observar registrou um repentino pico de atividar1 no hoiário das 18:00 às 19:00 horas- Med' .s de­ talhadas deste pico mostraram que ? -<se mais intensa está concentrada no horár 18:15-18:20 às 18h:45'-18h:50'. Na popular j de Manaus, Paraluppi (1978) verificou o 1 jrário das 18h:30' às 19h:00. Bruyning (19r«* in Panday, 1977) também observou um ,JÍCO de atividade logo após o anoitecer. Estudos em insetos hematófagos têm mos­ trado que a tividade de picar é uma caracterís­ tica que pode ser influenciada por fatores in­ trínsecos e extrínsecos ao organismo; esta atividade pode ainda ser totalmente suprimida quando fatores tísicos variam além de determi­ nados limites. No entanto, apesar da existên­ cia de variações, um padrão característico pode ser verificado para cada espécie e uma mesma Fig. 1 — Localização dos pontos de coletas, ao longo espécie pode «variar seu padrão ao longo de da Rodovia BR-174. As denominações das localidades sua área de distribuição. Estudos em espécies constam da Tabela 1. (Mapa segundo Ferraroni & Hayes, de Simulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) de duas lo­ 1979). 72 — Tadei & Correia S. sanguineum s. 1. do Aripuanã mostrou um O registro de populações exofílicas de padrão com três picos de atividade (Lacey & Anopheles nuneztovari, assim como endofíli- Charlwood, 1980) . Diferenças no ciclo de cas, é de grande interesse do ponto de vista picadas de Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera, Mus- epidemiológico, considerando-se principalmen­ cidae) foram relacionadas ã fêmeas com dife­ te dois aspectos: um relacionado com o con­ rentes taxas de paridade (Charlwood & Lopes, trole do vetor, em áreas onde A. nuneztovari é 1980) . Em Anopheles darlingi foram verifica­ considerada transmissora da malária, e o outro das variações geográficas quanto ao ciclo de relacionado com a possibilidade dessa espécie picadas (Charlwood & Hayes, 1978) e análise vir a ser um vetor secundário, em áreas em das taxas de paridade das fêmeas evidenciou que normalmente não é vetora. Em relação ao que o número de adultos sobreviventes per­ primeiro, o caráter incontrolável da malária manece baixo, apesar das modificações na den­ humana no oeste da Venezuela foi atribuído ao sidade populacional (Charlwood, 1980). Ano­ comportamento exofílico de A. nuneztovari (Ga­ pheles nuneztovari, analisada neste trabalho, baldon, 1969; Gabaldon et al., 1975). Quanto apresentou um padrão de atividade unimodf'. ao segundo, Panday (1977) mencionou que A. com um pico no início da noite, que foi verif nuneztovari poderia estar envolvida na trans­ do desde o Km 137 ao Km 522 (tabela 1) .e missão da malária no Suriname, considerando mesmo padrão, observado também par? po­ a escassez de A. darlingi e a ausência da mes­ pulações de Manaus e do Suriname .rorme ma em capturas realizadas durante recentes já mencionado, foi ainda notado re .temente surtos de malária, em certas áreas, onde em populações de A. nuneztovari região de A. nuneztovari foi registrada em altas densi­ Tucuroí, Pará (Tadei, não publir .o). dades. TABELA 1 — Freqüência, em núir os absolutos, e período de captura de Anopheles nuneztovari nos pontos de coleta ao longo da Rodo- . BR-174, durante 4 horas de observação (18:00 às 22:00 horas) Período de Duração da Número de Localidades captura atividade de picar exemplares coletados 1. Igarapé Canas* a. (Km 137) * 18:00 — 19:00 2:00 19 20:00 — 21:00 3 2. Km 138 18:30 19:40 1:10 126 18:35 19:10 106 1:45 19:30 — 20:40 13 3. Km 147 18:30 — 19:05 0:35 42 4. Km 175 18:45 — 19:10 0:25 28 5. Rio Jauaperi (Km 420) 18:45 19:30 19 — 1:15 20:00 20:30 2 6. Rio Jauaperi (Km 422) 18:10 — 19:00 0:50 3 7. Aeroporto da FAB (Km 513) 18:40 — 19:10 0:30 12 8. Km 522 18:45 — 19:00 25 1:10 19:50 — 20:45 2 9. Km 530 18:30 19:10 4 — 1:40 19:30 20:30 1 ( * ) — Descendo o igarapé 5' km, mata adentro. Biologia. — 73 AGRADECIMENTOS GABALDON, A. 1969 — Global malaria erradication: changes of strategy and future outlook. Am. J. Trop. Aos Professores Doutores Warwick Este Med. Hyg., 18: 641-656. vam Kerr e Hermione Elly Melara de Campos GABALDON, A. 8 GUERRERO. L. Bicudo pela leitura crítica do manuscrito- 1959 — An attempt to eradicate by the weekly ad­ ministration of purimethamine in areas of out-of-doors transmission in Venezuela. Am. SUMMARY J. Trop. Med. Hyg.. 8: 433-439. GABALDON, A.; GUERRERO, L; MARTIN, G.G. Observations on the biting activity of the Anophe­ les nuneztovari collected between 18:00 and 22:00 in 1963 — Malaria refractária en el occidente de Ve­ different places along BR-174 Highway (Manaus/Boa Vis­ nezuela.
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