DOCSLIB.ORG

041420 Ovum Donor Orientation KF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
041420 Ovum Donor Orientation KF Thinking about becoming an egg donor? 4/14/2020 ° Why become an egg donor Overview of ° Application and screening Donor process ° Egg donation process Orientation ° Potential medical risks ° Donor recipients ° Psychosocial issues Why become an egg donor? ° You’ll have the satisfaction of knowing your gift made a profound difference in the lives of people struggling to become parents. ° You’ll receive compensation for your time and effort. 3 What to expect when donating at UCSF ° We are a nationally recognized academic medical center ° Our ovum donor program has helped patients become parents since 1991 ° All of our providers have extensive experience with ovum donation ° UCSF adheres to guidelines established by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) 4 Application and Screening Process 5 To qualify as an egg donor, you must: ° Be a woman between the ages of 21-33 ° Be in excellent mental and physical health ° Have a healthy family history ° Have a schedule flexible enough to allow for medical appointments ° Be mature, responsible, and dependable 6 What are my responsibilities if I agree to become a donor? ° Be truthful in all portions of the donor screening ° Follow all medical instructions ° Inform us of any changes in your health, medications, or personal situation ° Agree to provide updated contact and medical information ° Agree to being contacted by us in the future regarding your donation Ovum Donor Application ° Submit initial questionnaire ° Submit donor profile application ° Medical records ° Screening consents ° Photos ° School records and confirmation of test scores 8 Orientation and application review 9 Presentation Title Genetic Screening ° Personal and family history intake ° Three generation pedigree generated ° Family history summary letter written 10 Psychology screening appointment ° One hour zoom meeting with one of our psychologists 11 Ovum Donor Screening Exam ° Screening tool ° Photos will be taken for your donor profile ° General history & physical exam ° Blood work: genetic tests and infectious disease testing ° Medical risk consenting ° Follicle count via vaginal ultrasound 12 Final Steps ° If your application is approved , you will be notified by the egg donor team. - If you then agree to become a UCSF donor, a profile will be created for our database for recipients to view. ° If your application is declined , you will be notified by the egg donor team. - It’s likely you will not know specific reason for the decline. 13 Matching for an upcoming cycle ° Once you are selected by a recipient you will be contacted ° Before agreeing to match for an upcoming cycle you should consider the following issues: - Current availability and flexibility of schedule - Recent and scheduled travel ° If you decide to move forward, you will complete the preliminary paperwork ° Donors can donate up to 6 times in their lifetime 14 Egg Donation Process 15 Female reproductive cycle Pituitary Gland FSH E2 Uterus Fallopian Tube Ovary Endometrium Cervix 16 The Ovaries: Natural Cycle vs. a Stimulated Cycle VS. Natural Cycle Stimulated Cycle 17 Will ovum donation impact my ability to have children or deplete my eggs? ° There is no evidence that the procedure itself impacts your future ability to have children. ° Females are born with approx. two million eggs. ° Fertility medications “rescue” a portion of these excess eggs that the body would have ordinarily discarded. 18 Monitoring appointments ° Regular monitoring appointments throughout the process - 7:30-9:30 am daily - Each visit is ~15 minutes - ~6 visits over 10-12 days Egg retrieval (36hrs later) Trigger Injection Birth Control Pills FSH/LH Injections 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Ultrasound and Blood Monitoring 19 Ultrasound Monitoring 20 Egg Retrieval 21 Fertilization: Conventional vs. ICSI 22 Restrictions and Possible Medical Risks 23 What restrictions will I have during the donation process? ° Once matched: - Take precautions to prevent risk of sexually transmitted infections (practice safe sex) - If you engage in sexual activity that puts you at risk for pregnancy, use condoms - From last day of oral contraceptive pills until the next period: Abstain from intercourse (one month) - From start of injections until 2 weeks after the egg retrieval: Refrain from activities that involve high impact 24 Medications ° Follicle Stimulation Medications - Follistim - Gonal-f ° Menopur - Human menopausal gonadotropin 25 What are the possible medical side effects to the medications? ° Allergic reactions ° Hot flashes ° Headaches ° Abdominal bloating or discomfort ° Nausea 26 What are the possible medical risks? ° Ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS) ° Ovarian torsion ° Injury to bowel or bladder ° Infection ° Bleeding that requires surgery or transfusion ° Ovarian cancer (no known risk) 27 Insurance and Taxes 28 Recipients of Egg Donation 29 Who are the recipients? ° Recipients are people who can’t conceive with their own eggs due to various factors like: - Older age (40s and early 50s) - Diminished ovarian reserve - Cancer treatment - Poor egg quality - Born with non-functional ovaries - Same-sex male couples - Single men ° Often recipients have had extensive fertility treatments with their own eggs without success, or they’ve experienced multiple miscarriages. ° While most recipients are married heterosexual couples, your recipient may be married or single. They may be in a same-sex couple. They may need the help of a gestational carrier. They be of any race, religion, or ethnic background. 30 What will the recipients know about me? ° Recipients will be able to see your profile from a secured donor website ° Your profile will contain: - The questionnaire you completed about yourself - Genetic and medical test results - GPA and educational standardized test results - Blood type - Height and weight - Any photographs you provide plus those taken at UCSF 31 What information is kept private? ° Recipients will NOT receive: - Your last name, address, phone numbers, or email address to protect your anonymity ° Some recipients are interested in meeting their donor - In general, no identifying information will be exchanged at the meeting 32 Psychosocial Implications Presentation33 Title Legal and Social Implications ° Legally speaking, when you agree to donate your eggs, you are giving up all rights and responsibilities to the eggs, embryos, and any child born as a result of them ° Genetically, any offspring born as a result of your egg donation will be half genetic siblings to your own children 34 What limitations are there in terms protecting my identity? - Photo recognition software - Donor Sibling Registry - Direct to consumer genetic testing (example: Ancestry.com) 35 Presentation Title What about the future? ° We are committed to respecting the needs and desires of our recipients, donors, and their respective families. ° You may be told the outcome of the cycle, but we can’t guarantee that information. ° You may be contacted in the future by us regarding your donation if a recipient or child requests contact. You will have a choice about how this contact will be made. 36 What else should I think about? ° Will I be able to manage the interruption of my daily life during the cycle? ° How will this decision affect my current or future partner, family, and friends? ° How might I feel about this decision in the future? 37 Thank You ° Being an ovum donor is a very generous decision ° Thank you for considering donating at UCSF ° We welcome your questions 38.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Oedipus Hex: Regulating Family After Marriage Equality
    Florida State University College of Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Publications 11-2015 The Oedipus Hex: Regulating Family After Marriage Equality Courtney Megan Cahill Florida State University College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Family Law Commons, Law and Society Commons, and the Sexuality and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Courtney Megan Cahill, The Oedipus Hex: Regulating Family After Marriage Equality, 49 U.C. DAVIS L. REV. 183 (2015), Available at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles/520 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Oedipus Hex: Regulating Family After Marriage Equality ∗ Courtney Megan Cahill Now that national marriage equality for same-sex couples has become the law of the land, commentators are turning their attention from the relationships into which some gays and lesbians enter to the mechanisms on which they — and many others — rely in order to reproduce. Even as one culture war makes way for another, however, there is something that binds them: a desire to establish the family. This Article focuses on a problematic manifestation of that desire: the incest prevention justification. The incest prevention justification posits that the law ought to regulate alternative reproduction in order to minimize the potential for accidental incest between individuals involved in the donor conception process. A leading argument offered by both conservatives and progressives in defense of greater regulation of alternative reproduction, the incest prevention justification hearkens back in troubling ways to a taboo long used in American law to discipline the family.
    [Show full text]
  • Siblings Conceived by Donor Sperm Are Finding Each Other
    Siblings conceived by donor sperm are finding each other By Amy Harmon NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE Like most anonymous sperm donors, Donor 150 of the California Cryobank probably will never meet any offspring he has fathered through the sperm bank. There are at least four children, according to the bank's records, and perhaps many more, since the dozens of women who have bought Donor 150's sperm are not required to report when they have a baby. The half-siblings – twins Erin and Rebecca Baldwin, 17, (right); Justin Senk, 15, (center); and McKenzie Gibson, 12, and her 18-year-old brother,Tyler – found each other in a registry. Even the mothers know only the code number the bank uses for identification and the fragments of personal information provided in his donor profile that drew them to select Donor 150 over other candidates. But two of his genetic daughters, born to different mothers and living in different states, have been e-mailing and talking on the phone regularly since learning of each other's existence this summer. They plan to meet over Thanksgiving. Danielle Pagano, 16, and JoEllen Marsh, 15, connected through the Donor Sibling Registry, a Web site that is helping to open a new chapter in the oldest form of assisted reproductive technology. The three-year-old site allows parents and offspring to enter their contact information and search for others by sperm bank and donor number. Donors who want to shed their anonymity are especially welcome, but the vast majority of the site's 1,001 matches are between half-siblings.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximizing Autonomy and the Changing View of Donor Conception: the Creation of a National Donor Registry
    DePaul Journal of Health Care Law Volume 12 Issue 1 Winter 2009 Article 9 October 2015 Maximizing Autonomy and the Changing View of Donor Conception: The Creation of a National Donor Registry Jean Benward Andrea Mechanick Braverman Bette Galen Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/jhcl Recommended Citation Jean Benward, Andrea Mechanick Braverman & Bette Galen, Maximizing Autonomy and the Changing View of Donor Conception: The Creation of a National Donor Registry, 12 DePaul J. Health Care L. 225 (2009) Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/jhcl/vol12/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Law at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in DePaul Journal of Health Care Law by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MAXIMIZING AUTONOMY AND THE CHANGING VIEW OF DONOR CONCEPTION: THE CREATION OF A NATIONAL DONOR REGISTRY Jean Benward, L. C.S. W. Andrea Mechanick Braverman,Ph.D. Bette Galen, L. C.S. W. "It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are infinitely the most important" Sir Arthur Conan Doyle INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW We can only estimate the number of donor conceived children in the United States. The frequently cited number of 30,000 births a year from sperm donation comes from a US government sponsored study done in 1987, over 20 years ago.' Although most donor sperm now comes from commercial sperm banks that keep records on donors and sale of sperm, neither physicians, IVF programs, nor parents consistently report pregnancies or births to sperm banks nor do most sperm banks reliably follow up with recipients to track births.
    [Show full text]
  • I Was a Donor at California Cryobank Who Was Open to Contact and Still Every Time a Biological Child of Mine Has Reached out They Have Put up Roadblocks
    CALIFORNIA CRYOBANK (CCB) Note From Wendy: For those of you who used California Cryobank, and wonder why your donor hasn't yet registered on the DSR, here's a possible reason why: A former California Cryobank donor emailed me about what CCB had just told him about the DSR. He said, "...they were quite strong in their position that I should NOT register [on the DSR] bc there are likely errors with people putting wrong donor id, or even fakes, so that if I register, CBank says there's more than a slim chance I'd be reaching out or opening up to people not really offspring of mine." If you used CCB or are a CCB offspring, I encourage you to let CCB know how you feel about them discouraging donors from posting and connecting on the DSR. This is from the sperm bank who has been known to delete urgent medical information from a donor’s profile? We have been operating since 2000, long before CCB ever thought about having a registry. We spend many thousands of dollars each year to maintain and protect our website and our member's privacy. We have successfully connected more than 19,400 people, with more than 70,000 members. In all that time, and through all those members, we had one single donor impostor, a couple of years ago. I caught him within the first 24 hours. Certainly not worthy of negating our 20 years of hard work and thousands of successful connections! 8/2020 DSR’s Facebook Group I was a donor at California Cryobank who was open to contact and still every time a biological child of mine has reached out they have put up roadblocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Need for National Regulation of Cryobanks
    Citizen Petition January 1, 2017 The undersigned submits this petition under 10.20 and 10.30 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or the Public Health Service Act or any other statutory provision for which authority has been delegated to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to request the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to issue regulations. A. Action Requested Because the FDA currently mandates minimal medical testing of sperm and egg donors (no other regulation exists), we request that the commissioner of the FDA look into the state of affairs surrounding the sperm donation industry, and then develop the appropriate and much needed regulation/oversight. B. Statement of Grounds Challenges Faced by Donor Conceived People and Their Families Show Need for National Regulation of CryobanKs Christina Mickle, Research Assistant for the Donor Sibling Registry with Wendy Kramer, Director and Co-Founder of the Donor Sibling Registry Introduction: Cryobanks give women and couples who were once not able to have a child, the opportunity to conceive - the ability to start or grow their own family. The great majority of sperm bank customers are LGBT people and single women procuring donor* gametes as a way to build their families [3], while a smaller percentage of sperm bank customers are infertile couples. According to the Center of Disease Control, impaired fecundity (the inability to have a child) affects 18% of men who have sought help for fertility (594,000- 846,000 men) [14]. Although not all want or require donor gametes, the need and desire for cryobanks continues to grow, and challenges in the field are becoming more apparent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Children and Family Relationships Act 2015 and Disclosure of Genetic Origins Information to Children: Donor-Conceived Perspectives
    2017 Disclosure of Genetic Origins Information to Children 1 The Children and Family Relationships Act 2015 and Disclosure of Genetic Origins Information to Children: Donor-Conceived Perspectives Donna Lyons* and Donal Lyons** This article considers the “right to identity” provisions in the Children and Family Relationships Act 2015 and their adequacy in guaranteeing to the donor-conceived child the right to access identifying donor information in this jurisdiction. The article presents the findings of a study which investigates the perspectives of donor-conceived individuals on the importance or otherwise of access to identifying information prior to what is at present the legal age of maturity in Ireland. The principal research method used in this article is empirical in nature, with doctrinal research being drawn upon as a complement to the empirical research. I – Introduction The Irish Government has recognised the donor-conceived person’s “right to identity” through the Children and Family Relationships Act 2015 (2015 Act), which will prohibit the practice of anonymous donation in Ireland. The 2015 Act thus provides that the donor- conceived person may access identifying information about their donor where certain conditions are met.1 One condition is that the age of 18 must have been obtained before they will be entitled to access information which identifies the donor, that is, “date of birth and contact details of the relevant donor, as recorded in the Register”.2 Non-identifying donor information will be accessible by the donor-conceived person upon reaching 18, or by the parent or guardian of the donor-conceived child who is under the age of 18.3 The donor- conceived person who has attained the age of 18 will also be entitled to obtain identifying and/or non-identifying information about donor siblings under certain conditions.4 * LL.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Sense of Donors and Donor Siblings: a Comparison of the Perceptions of Donor-Conceived Offspring in Lesbian- Parent and Heterosexual-Parent Families
    Making Sense of Donors and Donor Siblings: A Comparison of the Perceptions of Donor-Conceived Offspring in Lesbian- Parent and Heterosexual-Parent Families Submitted to Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, Volume 13, Theme: “Visions of the 21st Century Family: Transforming Structures and Identities.” Eds. S. L. Blair and P. N. Claster Emerald Group Publishing Limited (in press, 2013) Margaret K. Nelson Department of Sociology and Anthropology Middlebury College Middlebury, VT 05753 U.S.A. [email protected] Rosanna Hertz Wellesley College Department of Sociology Wellesley, MA 02481 U.S.A. [email protected] Wendy Kramer Donor Sibling Registry Box 1571 Nederland, CO 80466 U.S.A. [email protected] NOTICE: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Please contact the authors for the final version. 1 MAKING SENSE OF DONORS AND DONOR SIBLINGS: A COMPARISON OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF DONOR-CONCEIVED OFFSPRING IN LESBIAN-PARENT AND HETEROSEXUAL-PARENT FAMILIES Margaret K. Nelson, Rosanna Hertz, and Wendy Kramer1 For most heterosexual families baby making has been an easy and often accidental occurrence. Yet, this is not the case for all heterosexual families; nor, of course is it the case for new forms of family headed by single mothers by choice, lesbians and gay men (Sullivan, 2004; Hertz, 2006, Gamson, 2011). Across the spectrum of family types, individuals – both alone and as members of couples – have turned to many different approaches to having a child.
    [Show full text]
  • The Need for a Mandatory National Donor Gamete Registry
    GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works Faculty Scholarship 2008 Necessary Subjects: The Need for a Mandatory National Donor Gamete Registry Naomi R. Cahn George Washington University Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Naomi Cahn, Necessary Subjects: The Need for a Mandatory National Donor Gamete Registry, 12 DePaul J. Health Care L. 203 (2008). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DePaul Journal of Health Care Law (forthcoming 2008) Necessary Subjects: The Need for a Mandatory National Donor Gamete Registry Naomi Cahn1 Abstract: This brief article calls for a mandatory national donor gamete registry. It first discusses the history of secrecy in the adoption context before turning to issues involving confidentiality in the donor context. After analyzing the issues involved in maintaining the secrecy of donor gametes, the article ultimately recommends the establishment of a national information registry, similar to that in place in numerous other countries, to keep track of children both through donor egg, embryo, and sperm, as well as the identities of the gamete providers. Participation in the registry would be mandatory for anyone involved in supplying donor gametes. Once donor-conceived offspring reach the age of 18, they should be able to receive identifying information about their donor, although the donor could file a statement indicating his/her lack of interest in being contacted.
    [Show full text]
  • Donor Registry Allows IVF Conceived Children to Unite with B
    Donor Registry Allows IVF Conceived Children to Unite with B... http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/printerfriendly.html?articleid=... Friday August 29, 2008 Donor Registry Allows IVF Conceived Children to Unite with Biological "Donor" Parents and Siblings Anonymous sperm donation creating social problems for children conceived in labs By Hilary White August 29, 2008 (LifeSiteNews.com) - The increasing popularity of in vitro fertilisation, particularly that of anonymous sperm donation, is creating social problems for children who have been conceived from the faceless laboratory unions of "donors". Created in 2000, the Donor Sibling Registry is one resource, begun privately, for people created in labs to help them trace their genetic ancestry. Currently, the US and Canada have no publicly-funded facilities that allow people to trace their "donors". The National Catholic Register spoke to two young people who were conceived artificially and had no idea, until they registered with the non-profit company, that they were siblings. Eighteen-year-old Ryan and 14-year-old Anna were conceived by artificial insemination. Ryan's mother, Wendy Kramer, co-founder of the Colorado-based Registry, told the Register, "Ryan calls Anna his sister, and he thinks of her that way. It's a new kind of family. It's hard to define." Kramer wrote on the group's website, "No public outlet exists for mutual consent contact between people born from anonymous sperm donation." Currently the Registry database includes an active membership of 14,241 with matches between more than 5694 half-siblings or "donors". The total number of registrants, including children, is currently at 22,175.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: Being a Sperm Donor
    INTRODUCTION BEING A SPERM DONOR perm donation is probably one of reproductive biomedicine’s Smost long-standing endeavors. On offi cial record since at least the middle of the eighteenth century (Ombelet and Robays 2010), the practice of collecting semen in a container through masturbation for purposes of artifi cial insemination has been around for about 250 years. Together with donor insemination, it has ever since func- tioned as a low-tech solution for childlessness and infertility requir- ing no laboratory or clinical equipment. Having a man willing and able to masturbate into a container, a woman wanting to undergo insemination, and a person prepared to carry out the insemination procedure is all that is required, and while today’s sperm donation and donor insemination involve semen collection and testing at sperm banks and insemination procedures at either a clinic or at home with specialized insemination kits, sperm donation and donor insemination can also be carried out using everyday objects such as cups and turkey basters. The relatively ready availability of donor semen and sperm do- nation’s low-tech status are certainly part of what made it into a viable success. At the same time, however, sperm donation is also reproductive biomedicine’s stepchild, so to say, since the use of do- nor semen in reproductive biomedicine goes against at least three long-standing Euro-American social taboos: masturbation, infi del- ity, and multilineal kinship. It is sperm donation’s reliance on men masturbating in order to produce semen, its invocation of infi del relations between sperm donor and donor semen recipient, and its disturbance of bilineal kinship that stir moral concerns about the use of donor semen in reproductive biomedicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Fda Citizen's Petition Comments
    FDA CITIZEN’S PETITION COMMENTS 1. I am strongly in favor of increasing regulation and oversight for the Assisted Reproductive Technology industry. 2. The cryogenic industry is in dire need of regulation. Our cryobank has been unable or unwilling to locate our "identity release" donor for 6 months now, despite all requirements/paperwork being in order, and does not return phone calls or emails regarding the status of our request to contact the donor. However, with DNA testing we were able to locate the donor ourselves, only to learn that some of the original information we were provided by the cryobank was incorrect, including identity release status, ethnicity/religion, college information, SAT scores, and certain health information. This industry needs to be regulated so that donor information is factually correct and that the cry obanks are being forthright and honest in their dealings with clients. 3. The United States is one of the only developed countries on earth that is lacking crucial regulation and oversight of the artificial reproduction industry. There is ample research supporting the negative effects that this lack of regulation continues to cause. The FDA has a responsibility to put common sense regulations in place to ensure the safe and ethical creation of human lives by donor conception. 4. I work with infertile individuals and couples who desperately seek regulation of the sperm bank industry. They are very vulnerable. They would feel so much more secure moving forward with sperm donation if the industry was regulated. 5. I strongly support additional review of the donor gamete industry.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report Released Internationally by the Commission on Parenthood's
    A Report Released Internationally by the Commission on Parenthood’s Future A New Study of Young Adults Conceived Through Sperm Donation ELIZABETH MARQUARDT, NORVAL D. GLENN, VESTIGATORS AND KAREN CLARK, CO-IN INSTITUTE FOR AMERICAN EST. 1988 VALUES 1 Acknowledgements !is report is released internationally under the auspices of the Commission on Parenthood’s Future, an independent, nonpartisan group of scholars and leaders who have come together to investigate the status of parenthood and make recommendations for the future. !e lead co-investigator of this report, Elizabeth Marquardt, is director of the Center for Marriage and Families at the Institute for American Values. !e Center’s online site for engagement is """. #$%&'()*+,'$-).,-.. !e co-investigators would like to thank Jeremy Uecker of the University of Texas at Austin for analysis; Chintan Turakhia at Abt SRBI for his expertise and helpfulness; David Mills for copy editing; and the members of the Commission on Parenthood’s Future for their advice. Elizabeth Marquardt would like to thank her colleagues at the Institute for American Values for their extraordinary support of and commit- ment to this project. !e views in this report are a/ributable to the co-investigators alone. Copyright 0121, Institute for American Values. All rights reserved. No reproduction of the materials contained herein is permi/ed without the wri/en permission of the Institute for American Values. &)34: 2-562789-01-9 Institute for American Values 2:92 Broadway, Suite 022 New York, NY 21106 Tel: (020) 098-6590 Fax: (020) ;92-888; &4#,@$%<-&*$4=$'><).,-. """.$%<-&*$4=$'><).,-. i About the !e Commission on Parenthood’s Future is an independent, nonpar- Commission tisan group of scholars and leaders who have come together to investigate on Parenthood’s the status of parenthood as a legal, ethical, social, and scienti?c category Future in contemporary societies and to make recommendations for the future.
    [Show full text]