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Universidad De Costa Rica Facultad De Ciencias Escuela De Biología i Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Biología Curso Biología de Campo Coordinadores Federico Bolaños Jorge Lobo Golfito Enero - Febrero, 2003 i Presentación del Curso Biología de Campo es un curso diseñado especialmente para estudiantes de grado de la Escuela de Biología de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Este tiene como principal objetivo introducir a los estudiantes al trabajo de campo en los trópicos. La metodología radica en enseñar al estudiante a formular preguntas, enfrentándolo al desarrollo adecuado de diseños experimentales, así como al análisis e interpretación de la información. La filosofía del curso es el desarrollo de proyectos cortos en historia natural sin dejar de lado el diseño de estudios a largo plazo. Por setima vez se desarrolla en la región de Golfito, desde el 8 de enero al 5 de febrero del 2003. Golfito se reafirma como una zona de mucho provecho para este tipo de actividades puesto que permite tanto la realización de proyectos dirigidos al ambiente terrestre como al marino, sin dejar por fuera las facilidades y lo que representa estar en uno de los centros de población de la zona sur de Costa Rica. En total hubo 18 estudiantes; 13 del grado de la Escuela de Biología, tres del Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado en Biología y dos estudiantes de intercambio alemán. Participaron 12 profesores visitantes. En Golfito la mayoría de los profesores invitados brindaron una conferencia sobre aspectos biológicos de su interés. También contamos con la participación de Claudio Barrantes, quien ofreció la charla “La Historia Fronteriza entre Costa Rica y Panamá”. Se contó con cuatro periodos de tres días para realizar los proyectos de grupo, dirigidos por los profesores invitados o los coordinadores, y el resto del tiempo para que los estudiantes realizaran su proyecto individual. En este tipo de cursos son muchas las personas que colaboran, y es por lo que deseamos agradecer a quienes hicieron posible que éste se realizara. Muy especialmente a Daniel Briceño y la Escuela de Biología por apoyar y financiar el curso. A los profesores visitantes, sin los que no se podría lograr el resultado que aquí vemos. A Claudio Barrantes y a todo el personal de la Universidad y FUNDEVI en Golfito que hacen posible que el curso cuente con áreas para alojamiento, alimentación y trabajo apropiadas para el buen desarrollo. A la sección de transportes que facilita la entrada y salida de profesores visitantes como de todo el grupo al principio y al final, así como del transporte en el campo. La mayoría del equipo es de la Escuela, sin embargo el Centro de Investigaciones Marinas y el programa de la Universidad de Kansas facilitaron parte de éste. Muy especialmente a Doña Olga y a Piano; y a la maravillosa cuchara de Marta, gran amiga y compañera en todo el tiempo de estadía en Golfito. ii Índice Índice.................................................................................................................................................. ii Estudiantes........................................................................................................................................ iv Profesores Visitantes......................................................................................................................... iv Coordinadores ................................................................................................................................... iv Asistentes .......................................................................................................................................... iv Frases Célebres................................................................................................................................... v CANCIONERO..................................................................................................................................... vi Cumbia Flamenco Chirigueiso.............................................................................................................vi Cover: Bolivian Lament......................................................................................................................vi Trova De El Capitán que solía mascar pellejo......................................................................................vii Triste historia y anécdotas del joven pantalones caídos .......................................................................vii Bolero Tropical Care’ tortuga............................................................................................................ viii Cover: Déjalo ser ..............................................................................................................................ix Todo en Biolo e’ Campo.....................................................................................................................ix Fotografías......................................................................................................................................... xi Proyectos De Grupo.......................................................................................................................... 27 Efecto de la herbivoría en la aborción de los botones florales de Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae). Daniella Baltodano....................................................................................................................................... 28 Diversidad y abundancia de la herpetofauna en sitios con distinta disponibilidad de agua. Marco Barquero........................................................................................................................................ 33 Distribución y características morfométricas de Anadara tuberculosa y A. similis (Bivalvia, Arcidae) en tres manglares. José Carlos Calderón ...................................................................................................... 38 Descripción de la actividad pesquera artesanal de pelágicos en Golfito, Puntarenas. Leonardo García..... 43 Preferencias de sitio por minadores en Piper sp. (Piperaceae). Martin Knopf......................................... 48 Utilización de componentes iónicos de lágrimas y sudor humano por parte de la subfamilia Meliponinae. Andrea Montero .............................................................................................................................. 58 Distribución espacial de las principales especies arborescentes del bosque El Naranjal, utilizando parcelas permanentes. Lina Pérez ................................................................................................................. 62 Herpetofauna de mantillo comparando un bosque y un cacaotal en cinco años. María Sagot.................. 71 Métodos de muestreo del zooplancton marino: Efecto de la red y tipo de arrastre en la composición y abundancia, en dos sitios de Golfito. Eva Salas .................................................................................. 77 Preferencia de percha y movilidad en machos de dos especies de Hetaerina (Odonata: Calopterygidae), a lo largo de una quebrada. Luis Sandoval ........................................................................................... 84 Funciones de los estabilimentos en telarañas orbiculares. Wolf-Christian Saul....................................... 90 Árboles aislados en potreros y su función como centros de regeneración del bosque por parte de plantas leñosas jóvenes. Jeffrey Alejandro Sibaja .......................................................................................... 96 Efecto de la especie de planta, forma de la hoja y presencia de epífilos sobre la recolección de hojas por Atta colombica (Attini, Formicidae). Fernando Soley..........................................................................104 Comparación de la ictiofauna y evaluación del estado de salud de tres quebradas de Golfito, Costa Rica. Mariano Soley................................................................................................................................109 Fidelidad y preferencia de sitios para la construcción de telas en arañas de la hojarasca. Vernon Soto...118 Diversidad de insectos acuaticos y determinación de la calidad del agua utilizando el biomonitoreo en tres quebradas de Golfito, Puntarenas. Shirley Unfried.............................................................................124 Percepción de los habitantes de Golfito sobre el Refugio de Vida Silvestre ubicado en esta localidad. Rubén Venegas........................................................................................................................................130 Polinización por murciélagos en dos sitios del Refugio de Vida Silvestre de Golfito. Nelly Zumbado........135 Proyectos Individuales ................................................................................................................... 138 Efecto de la herbivoría en la aborción de los botones florales de Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae). Daniella Baltodano......................................................................................................................................139 iii Algunas medidas morfológicas y su relación con el uso del microhábitat por Norops polylepis (Sauria: Polychrotidae). Marco Barquero.......................................................................................................144 Utilización de frutos de Piper como recurso alimenticio por parte de Carollia perspicillata y C. castanea, en dos zonas diferentes en Golfito. José Carlos Calderón........................................................................150
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