UA35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin WKU Honors Program
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Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® WKU Archives Records WKU Archives 1997 UA35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin WKU Honors Program Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/dlsc_ua_records Part of the African History Commons, European History Commons, Gifted Education Commons, Higher Education Commons, Journalism Studies Commons, Medicine and Health Sciences Commons, Music Commons, Social History Commons, Sociology Commons, Women's History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation WKU Honors Program, "UA35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin" (1997). WKU Archives Records. Paper 3211. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/dlsc_ua_records/3211 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in WKU Archives Records by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ... Student Honors I, WESTERNm Research Bulletin KENTUCKY 1996-1997 UNIVERSITY Table of Contents Brittany M, Bullington A History of the Piano Girl and Her Accomplislunents: 1 Women and Music in Nineteenth-Century England Presented to Mary Wolinski, Music 338 Joseph W. Ellis The Howl of the Mob: Adapting to Violence in Somalia 12 Presented 10 Pal Carr, Honors English 300 Mary Eva Farrar Expectations of Family Physicians: 21 Perceptions of the Doctor and Patient Honors Thesis directed by Richard Miller Tracy Freeman Martha Gellhom: The Hemingway Years 30 Honors Thesis directed by Karen Schneider Anne K. Guillory The Flemish Mare: Anne of Cleves 47 and the Protestant Refonnation Presented to Frederick Murphy, Honors History 418 Pat Jordan Marketing a Deadly Addiction to Youths 59 Presented to Lou Turley, Marketing 321 Sarah E, Marx Comic Books: Carnage in Living Color 71 Presented to Pat Carr, Honors English 300 Deanna May The Cross-Cultura1 Use of Sexually Explicit Language 76 To Express Anger and Aggression Honors Thesis directed by Sam McFarland Kristen Miller Violence in TV News: If You Threw Your TV 99 Out the Window, Would It Lead the 6:00 News? Presented to Pal Carr, Honors English 300 Carrie Shaw How Schools Can Help Combat Violence 109 Presented 10 Pal Carr, Honors English 300 , Foreword The University Honors Committee is pleased to present the 1996-97 Student Honors Research Bulletin. Representing several colleges and departments, the papers are delightfully eclectic. Indeed, they provide readers with what amounts to a tantalizing smorgasbord: from an examination of "piano girls" in nineteenth-century England to an examination of the marketing of cigarettes to youth, from a look at the use of sexually explicit language to express anger and aggression to a look at violence in television news. The four papers on violence by Joseph Ellis, Sarah Marx, Kri sten Miller, and Carric Shaw were all written for Honors English 300 taught by Pat Carr. The quality of research and level of writing truly make these essays models of sustained undergraduate scholarship. We salute the student authors and commend the in structors who en couraged them. A special note of thanks is due Lisa Beaty , who saw the manuscripts through to publication. Faculty arc encouraged to nominate and students are cordially invited to submit p<lpers--along with the appropriate WordPerfect document on di skette--by May 16, 1997, for th e 1997-98 ed iti on oflhe Bulle/in. All submissions are welcomed and will be given careful attention. Sam McFarland & Walker Rutledge Co-Editors A HISTORY, OF THE PIANO G IRL AND HER ACCOMPLISHMENTS: WOMEN AND MUSIC IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLANI) • Briff allY M. Bullington In the darkness of Gateshcad Hall a young remain "genteel"; and the val ue of music as an Jane Eyre li stens rapturously to Bessie's accomplishment with its impending social "details of certain accompli shments attained"l value. by the young ladies of wealthy families. "She As Jo McMurty suggests, the purpose of boasted of beautiful paintings of landscapes learning accomplishments for the Victorian and fl owers by them executed; of songs they girl was threefold : 1. To help her catch a could sing and pieces they could play, of husband, 2. To entertain her husband after purses they could net, of French books they they married, and 3. To enable her to become could tran siate"2 until Jane's heart beats a governess if her season proved unfruitful fervently, filled with a longi ng to join these (190). Although Jane Eyre has no choice in young ladies in their list of endless the mailer of becoming a governess because accomplishments. Jane views an education, she is a penniless orphan. heroines such as which includes the learning cr thesc ladyli ke Gwcndolyn Harleth in Daniel Deronda may skills, as "an entrance into a new life.") For consider utilizing their musical tal ents by Jane, education offers escape from the becoming governesses to the chi ldren of the foreboding mansion in which she IS wcalthy. From an early age, girl s were taught imprisoned, which functions as the symbol of a multitude of accomplishments; whether a a paternalistic society for the fatherless child. girl decided to marry or become a governess, For the Victori an girl , the learning of her treasured aeeomplishmcnts woul d nevcr accomplishments functioned as a ticket to the li e fallow. Forcmost in the taxonomy of "Real Life," a life apart from the stifling accomplishments was music; although there paternal watchdog. While gi rl s waited for were other accomplishments, including their lives to begin (usually through marriage), drawing, painting, "fancy work," and other they were all owed to cultivate these fo rms of li ght sewing, music was most accomplishments, their passports to another favored, because "it could be shown off best world. Who were these lad ies that Bess ie while actually being accomplished" (Loesser describes to Jane? What were their li ves of 268). waiting for marri age li ke? A large portion of Adele, Mr. Rochester's young French their li ves was spent cultivating ward in Jane Eyre, is eager--at the tender age accomplishments, patientl y awaiting the day of eight·-to displ ay her vari ous accompli sh they might be swept away fro m their father's ments for her governess. Since she has realm·-to be reinstalled in the realm of a fini shed her breakfast, Jane allows her "to husband. Passages fro m ninctecnth·century give a specimen of her accompli shments" literaturc reveal the importance of musical (Bronte 94); Adele sings a tuneful canzonette, accompli shment for women; the impact of recites verses, and then asks if Jane would like sexual stereotypes on nineteenth·century to sec her dance. Although this example may music, especiall y the association with mu sic be a bit extreme, it is true lhal girls began their and the feminine; the implied restrictions musical instruction at a tender agc. Most girls placed on musical women who wished to were led to the keyboard by their parents and practi ced thei r skill s one hour daily; after the "Of course: that is the establi shed age of ni ne, another hour was added to the answer." dai ly practice li tany (I-Iuneker 289). In [At this point in the dialogue. Jane Chapter 18 of Emma, the heroine regards her gives a sampling of her talents fo r her own musical skills as inferior after hearing employer.] more accompli shed ladies than hersel f at a "You playa lillie, I see; like any other party; Austen te ll s the reader that "[Emma] Engli sh schoolgi rl ; perhaps rather did most heartil y gri eve over the idleness of better than some, but not well " ( 11 5). her childhood and sat down and practiced The ri se of the piano in the nineteenth vigorously an hour and a hair' (qtd. in Loesscr century did much to increase the accessibili ty 274). of music to countless seasons o f budding As George Eli ot remarks in Middlemarch "pi ano girls." The introductio n of the upright when Celi a is playing an ai r with variations, cottage piano (Pearsall 74)--more cheaply pi ano playing was "a small kind of tinkling manufacturcd than the concert grand--made which symbolized the aesthetic part of the music easily accessible for domestic use to all young ladies' ed ucation . "(38). At times, but the impecunious. The piano became an such attenti on was paid to the "aesthetic" part essential commodity of the leisured classes, of a gi rl 's education that lessons in geography, especially fo r women; it was viewed as a grammar, and arithmctic were left ncgle~tcd refl ecti on of social stat us and eventually and undone. These subjects were tossed asi de evolved into a necessary vehicle in Victorian as bookish triflcs; practi cing music, sin ging, society. and dancing were much more necessary to the James Huneker, writing at the beginning aspiring yo ung gentl ewoman. An extreme o f the twentieth century, nippantly remarks specimen of the nominal studier is Ginevra that the harp "went out with Byroni c prose" Fanshawe, the insouciant coquette in Charlotte (290). He points out that the harp was Bronte' s Villeue. Mi ss Ginevra, extremely bothersome in that it must always be kept accomplished, neglects her practical studies in carefully tuned, whereas the piano is "the only favor oCthe learni ng of drawing room ski ll s: instrument that can be played upon with " ' 1 have had a continental education, and favorable results when it is out of tunc" (290). though I can't spell , I have abundant Huneker also cl aims, in cynical retrospect, accompl ishments'" ( 137). that the cottage piano usurped the harp's Although it was favo rable to be position as the favored instrument, because accomplished, it would never do to be too the piano was cheaper and also a more usefu l accompl ished in music.