The Lives of the Deans

Home , Brownlow North, George Hooper, George Horne (bishop), George Stanhope, Henry Alford, Hugh Percy (bishop)

TH E

L IV ES O F THE D EA N S

O F A N TER BURY C ,

1 1 5 4 1 to 900 .

D W W ’ . M d EA O S GO F ER,

PR EF A C E

DEA N OF CAN TER B UR Y .

Canterbury

(3 1 05 5 ack man n e an d Pubhshers J , Pri t rs ,

1 900 .

C O PYR IG HT .

E C O N T N TS .

Pre fac e

No 1 t e V1 1 .

List of Sub scrib ers

A lion b Ge o e g y, rg

A o e o lf rd , H nry , wi th p rtrait

A e e s Ge ndr w , rrard ,

B o R a ag t , ich rd ,

Bar rave g , Isaac ,

B o s o y , J hn ,

B e W ull r , illiam ,

W . C orn ewall . . , F H ,

o s e C rnwal li , Jam s ,

e e W . Farrar, Fr d ri c ,

o e e F th rby , Charl s ,

Fre in d W , illiam ,

G o o dwin , Th mas ,

oo e Geo e H p r, rg ,

o e G e o e H rn , rg , L W . Ro e yal l , w ,

206 ﬁ3 1 7 N TEN TS C O .

L o o ynch , J hn , with p rtrait

oo e o M r , J hn ,

N e e o vill , Th mas ,

N o B o o rth , r wnl w ,

e P rcy , Hugh ,

o e o P tt r, J hn ,

o o P wys , Th mas ,

Ro e R g rs , ichard ,

S o harp , J hn ,

S Ro e e mith , b rt Payn ,

S o e Ge o e tanh p , rg ,

S dal] E y , lias

i o o o T ll ts n , J hn ,

e o Turn r, Th mas ,

W o o N o tt n , ich las , PR EF A E C .

More than a hundred years ago a book

. d was written by the Rev Henry John To d , one of the Minor Canons of the Cathe “ dral , entitled Some Account of the Deans of Canterbury . It ended with a fe w lines on Deans Buller and Corn e wall . Since ll 1 8 . Co rn e wa 79 , when Dr was promoted to the Bishopric of Hereford , there have been eight Deans ; and M r . J . Meadows t Cowper , in the presen volume , has written brief biographies of the entire series up to the present date . This record naturally has a special interest for all who are con nected with Canterbury ; but the lives of the Deans

u may have a more general interest , beca se they furnish various sidelights on the eccle sia stic al History of England .

Not a few of the Deans were prominen t in their day as religious writers , or as vi R EFA CE . . P having taken part in questions of n ational interest . No less than thirteen of those whose biographies are here given have been

: Archbishops or Bishops and of these some , like the saintly John Tillotson , Archbishop of Canterbury , John Sharp , Archbishop of

York , and George Horn e , Bishop of Nor wich , have been men whose works still survive , and whose names will long live in the memory of all who love the Church of

England .

The present work is rendered more in teres tin g by the fact that the reader is here furnished with a Portrait of every Dean A li . onb with the exception of Dr g y , who was appointed in the troublous days of the

Commonwealth , but was never installed , an d

probably never visited Canterbury . These

portraits are all , except two , photographed

from the unique series in the Deanery . In

no other Cathedral City , and not even in

’ the Deaneries of Westminster or St . Paul s , is there anything which approaches a com

lete p series of such portraits . Many of

r these at Canterbu y are by eminent painters . That of Dean Barg rav e is by Cornelius PR EFA CE . v i i .

Jansen who painted the beautiful likeness of Milton at the age of n ine . Three of the portraits are by George Romney ; two by Sir Thomas Lawrence ; and on e is said to be by Opie . Others are excellen t works of Art , although the names of the painters are unknown . The writer of these brief sketches has rendered an entirely disinterested service in preparing and publishing them ; and I sincerely hope that a sufﬁcien t number of copies will be sold to prevent him from

o incurring a ny serious pecuniary l ss . In any case his work will be preserved , and will be cherished as a slight record of the varying fortunes of Canterbury C a thedral for more than 3 5 0 years .

FAR AR F . W . R .

TH E EA N ER Y D ,

F eér ua f MM 1 00 . y , 9 N O T E .

Eight of the Deans of Canterbu ry were

o n e buried within the Cathedral , , Dean

Lyall , was buried at Harbledown ; Dean s Alford a n d Payne Smith were buried in

’ St . Martin s Churchyard , Canterbury . The whole of the Inscriptions on their tombs are given in “ The Memorial Inscriptions ” of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury ,

1 issued in 8 9 7.

J . M. c . C O R R E C T I O N S .

to or - i sti 6 . 1 1 o c . 0 P , ll 5 , fr m p . f Calvan ism ,

n . Calvi i stic , Calvini sm

6 6 o o o or e r ead e . 9 , l . fr m b tt m , f advi s advic

1 1 . o to or to r ead 9 , l 3 fr m p , f in . B L I S T O F S U S C R I B E R S .

The M o st Re ve re nd the Lo rd Archbish op of Cante rbury 1 The Righ t Re ve re nd the L ord Bish op of Wake ﬁe ld 1

R e the o B The Righ t eve r nd L rd ish op of D ove r 1

The R Re e e B o Mitchin son Ox o 1 igh t v r nd i sh p , f rd

The Righ t Hon . Earl Stanh op e

‘ n Lo No o The Righ t Ho . rd rthb urn e The Ve ry Re ve re nd the D e an of Cant e rbury The V e ry Re ve re nd the D ean of Yo rk The Ve ry Re ve re nd the D e a n of Rip o n The V e n e rabl e Archd e aco n of M aidst on e A o e brahams , J hn , Cant rbury

A r H . e itkin , Cy i l , Cant rbury

A o e P. e o m s , Dani l , J , Harbl d wn

A e o A e o A. e nd rs n , ld rman J hn , Fav rsham

H . e B W . aggs , , Cant rbury

B e the Rev . o e ail y , Can n , Cant rbury

B e an e e The e y Institut , , Cant rbury

Be the Re v . o Lo o nham , Can n , nd n

B o e e The Lo o ish psgat Institut , , nd n B B the Re v . o e e er liss , Can n , tt shang

Boo Ge o e E. e rman , rg , Fav rsham

B G e o e Lo o ush , rg , nd n

the Re v . es A . A Carr, Jam , disham

o e s Chal n r , M i s , Hay

e E e ez e e Chamb rs , b n r , Fav rsham

e Ge o e . e Clark , rg J , Iquiqu SUB SC IB ER S R .

o a E. e e e e Ba C ll rd , D nn , H rn y

o A e Ge o e o of e C l lard , ld rman rg , M ay r Cant rbury

o e Be Lo o C wp r , njamin Harri s , nd n W o e th Rev . e W e e o S. . C wp r, H rb rt , and sw rth ,

o e e s e a e C wp r , M i ss J si , C nt rbury

o e Leo C wp r, nard , Chili

o e ss S a o de C wp r , M i , ntiag Chili

o e S . o e e u C wp r , Chal n r, P r

o e W a a C wp r , illi m , Jamaic

oz e s Wa e a e C n , lt r, C nt rbury

e e e s o of e Cr m r , Charl , M ay r Fav rsh am

v . G . S . L e o se the Re . e e Cr s , T , t awr nc , Than t

o E e Cr w , dward , Cant rbury

. E e s the Rev . Curti , H Fav rsham

s W. Ka le t . P. e Curti , y , J , Cant rbury

e s S Edw n S. e e Daw , ir y , H rnhill , Fav rsham

son o Lo o Daw , J hn , nd n Lo o R . Day , Philip , n d n

e e Bar rav e . C . Lo o D an , Hy, g , Q , nd n

D e e e F . e Pl dg , M artyn , Iquiqu

xo e e e Di n , Fr d rick , Cant rbury

n Le L . Le Dunca , land , wi sham

E s o o s n e a t n , Th ma , Ca t rbury

e e The a e Fav rsham Institut , , F v rsham

e e . C . o F nn r , H , H rnchurch

e e S o e S ee o se e s Finn , Fr d rick , l tr t H u , Fav r ham

n R o e Fin , aym nd , Cant rbury S n S Frad l e . g y, H wan , idcup

rad le o n A . Lo o F g y, J h , nd n

e W e a e Furl y , al t r, C nt rbury ’ S oo n G the Rev . A . . K e alpin , J , ing s ch l , Ca t rbu ry

e e E L . e Gard n r , dwin , Cant rbury G e e ibb s , Jam s , Cant rbury Fave rsham o G . Gill e tt , Th mas ,

W . e G n . illma , J , Cant rbury SUE [BER xii . SCR S.

P. e G . S e . e e rac , M rs M , h nl y , H rts

G e e Mrs . E. e r n , , Cant rbury

G ee e A . M. B o r n , , irchingt n

G fﬁ e e . e ri n , H rb rt J , Iquiqu

. Lo o e Ro e P. Harv y , b rt , J , nd n

o v G e e o the Re . . Hasl w d , F Chi sl t

Lo o e o o e e M. P. H at n , J hn H nnik r, , nd n ’ K o o G . o S o o the Re v . R . H dgs n , , Juni r ing s ch l , Cant e rbury

o the Re v . . o of e H l land , Franci s J , Can n Cant rbury

o e e e H lm s , Charl s , Fav rsham W o e . C . e H lm s , , Cant rbury W ’ H . S . S e Lo o e C 0 1. . e e e H rsl y , , t t ph n s dg , Cant rbury

o e Ro e . Lo o H s , b rt J , nd n

Houlden . e , Harry J , Cant rbury

Hove n de n Ro e o o , b rt , Cr yd n

o e . P e H unt . J s ph , J Cant rbury G o e Jackman , J . ibb ns , Cant rbury

o e G . e Jackman , J s ph , Cant rbury

o e Ba e C . e e J n s , H nry , H rn y

o th v S d o e e Re . o e J y , Can n amu l , M ai st n

K - l\ l . D e e a e o W . lly P tt rs n , , Cant rbury K o e E. e ingsf rd , C cil , Cant rbury K o l S W o B . e C o . E. o C . o e n ck r , ir llast n , , D v r

L W m e add , illia , Cant rbury

L r m W a c o H . e . e , , Cant rbury

W . K Le L . P . C . e m e . C o e e wi s , ach , J , M argat C ll g

L h v L . S o o t e Re . . G . e ushingt n , T , ittingb urn

Mc Ms a te r o . P. e o , J hn , J , Harbl d wn

e th v G . F . e e Re . o M acl ar , Can n , Cant rbury

o of o e o A . . o e M as n , Pr f ss r J , Can n Cant rbury A o W W . e e . M as n , ld rman , , Cant rbury h B e H R v . A . t e on . e o M ass y , and , righ t n W e e m . o e M rc r , J hn , M argat

e o S Ba . e e M rt n , J H rn y ‘ ’ SUB S R l b ER S 1i1 C . x .

ou Wo o e M ll , rsf ld , Cant rbury

v H . the Re . o e M urray , Can n Franci s , Chi sl hurst

N o . e e ich ll s , J M ayn , Iquiqu O ﬁe S ld l d , Frank , andwich

e a o G . P. e o P ckh m . Th mas , J , Harbl d wn e Wa e e P rham , l t r, Cant rbury

o E . e Philp t , dward J , Cant rbury

e e Z . e Pr ntic , , Cant rbury f R o the Re v . Ge o e o o e awlins n , rg , Can n Cant rbury

R o A e A . R . B o ayd n , ld rman , irchingt n

W . o f Ro e the Rev . e o e b rt s , Pag , Can n Cant rbury

R e o e e uss l l , J s ph , Cant rbury

S e o A e W e and rs n , ld rman il liam , Cant rbury H S W . s . e cripp , , Cant rbury

S E e a harp , M i ss v lyn , Jamaic

S A e e e mith , ld rman Charl s , Fav rsham

Ge o e 60 B e Ro W . Tatam , rg , , ass tt ad ,

U e L . . a sh r , J , H stings W e S . S. e arr n , , Cant rbury

We A e o e ll s , ld rman Th mas , Cant rbury

W h . e t e Re v . e K o e ilki , C Hal s , ingst n , Cant rbury

W o h v E. th R o O e e o t e Re . . e e druff, C , ct ry , tt rd n

Wo o o R e tt n , Th mas , amsgat " (lmor k s lRel ati n g to C an ter b ury

M. . J . COWPER

’ S B c o x A NI) W A T E TE Us H o UR A R I s . 1 . O P H H T H Y LL ly - 1 88 . 2 V o C e : C o a Cro ss . 4 5 ls . ant rbury r ss 85 Jackm n .

’

F TH E C R W A RD E O F ST. D N A S O U STA N S. 2 . CCOUNT HU CH NS ' 8 -1 80 R e e f o A l 'c/zwol o za Ca rma /1 a 88 1 . 1 6 4 4 5 print d r m g . .

’ - ER O F T. D N TAN S 1 1 800 88 THE R EG S U S . 1 . IST S , 559 7

’ - THE R EG S ER O F ST. E ER S 1 60 1 800 . 1 888 I T S P T , 5 . TH E MEMOR I A L IN SC R I PTIONS I N TH E C HU R CH A N D 88 RD F H R S. 1 CHU RCHYA O OLY C OS 9 .

- ST. A P A G E 1 8 1 800 1 8 R EG ER S O F . 8 . 6. THE IST L H , 55 9

MA R M A - THE R EG ERS O F T. A G D E E 1 1 800 1 8 0 S . . IST Y L N , 559 9

F T GE RG E THE MA R R - 8 THE R EG S ERS O S . 1 8 1 800 I T O TY , 53 . 1 1 89 .

MA RR A G E L E ES 1 68-1 61 8 F CA ERB R e e . NT U Y I IC NC , 5 ( irst S ri s) 8 2 1 9 .

’ 62-1 R EG S ER O F ST. A S 1 800 . 1 8 THE . I T S P UL , 5 93

C A ERB R MA R R A G E L E ES 1 61 -1 660 Se o Se e NT U Y I IC NC , 9 ( c nd ri s) . 1 8 94 .

C A ERB R MA RR A G E L E ES 1 661 -1 6 6 T Se e NT U Y I IC NC , 7 ( hird ri s) .

1 896.

C A ERB R MA RR AG E L E SES 1 6 7-1 00 Fo Seri NT U Y I IC N , 7 7 ( urth e s) . 8 8 1 9 .

’ ‘ TH E MONUMENTA L INSC RIPIIO NS O F CA NTERB UR Y CA THE D RA f o 1 6 to the e e e h L , r m 3 7 pr s nt tim , wit num erous o a o e 1 8 bi gr phical n t s . 97. D L VES O E THE EA S O F C A ERB R . 1 0 I N NT U Y 9 0 .

N ICHOLA S W OTTON .

1 . Yo ja ce p .

NIC HOLAS WOTTON .

1 1 — 1 5 4 5 67.

R AN ME D L : R A R . O E Archbishops C , C P ,

A R E P K R .

IC H OL A S O TTON N W , a remarkable member of a remarkable family , the second son of

Sir Robert Wotton , of Boughton Malherbe

1 0 in Kent , was born about the year 4 9 or

He was educated at Oxford . but at

o what college is not kn wn . While at the Un iversity he is said to have applied him self diligently to the study of Civil and

Canon Law , but appears to have left Oxford

d . M S. 20 0 . A d S , 77 T R Y 2 D EA N S OF CAN ER B U .

without taking the usual degre e . Though his inclinations led him to study l aw rather than divinity, he was destined to enter holy orders , and having been ordained , he soon

1 1 obtained prefermen t in the church . In 5 7

his father presented him , on the death of

Christopher Porter , to the living of Boughton w Malherbe , to hich he was instituted by

Archbishop Warham on the 9 th of Decem h . 6t ber in that year On the of September ,

1 1 8 5 , the same Archbishop admitted him to the Vicarage of Sutton Valence , on the presentation of the Prior and Convent of

Leeds in Kent . This he resigned early in

1 0 t the year 5 3 , when he was collated o the rectory of Ivychurch .

Although the holder of two Iivings , he

a n d did not abandon his legal studies , about the year 1 5 28 he took the degree of Doctor

of Laws . At this time he attracted the

attention of Tunstall , then Bishop of London ,

who made him his ofﬁcial . In 1 5 3 3 he appears to have been engaged in the pro

c e e din s g against Catherine of Aragon , as , on the Ist of October in that year he

attested the record . In 1 5 3 6 he appeared in WO TTON N ICH OLA S .

Court as Proctor for Queen Anne Boleyn , who was then condemned to death Shortly

e after this he was occupi d as a divine , and assisted in the composition of “ The Godly and Pious Institution of a Christian Man ,

“ ’ ” commonly called The Bishops Book , set

1 forth by Act of Parliament in 5 3 7.

In 1 5 3 8 Archbishop Cran mer named

Dr . Wotton as one of the Commissioners of Ecclesiastical Dispensations , and as his

Commissary , the latter being intended as an appointment. for life . In the same year he became Chaplain to the King .

1 In 5 3 9 he was offered a bishopric , probably that of the newly founded see of

Gloucester ; this he declined , but in Feb ru ary of the following year he accepted the

Archdeaconry of Gloucester , of which he was the last Archdeacon before Gloucester was separated from the diocese of Worcester , and the ﬁrst after the separation , being appointed by the Charter of the 3 rd of

1 1 . September , 5 4 Before his preferment to Gloucester he had entered upon his diplo matic career , and had been sent to negotiate the marriage between Henry VIII . and Ann e D EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

of Cleves . This mission he carried through —b successfully , and y his carefully worded report to the King on the Lady Anne ’ s character , education and accomplishments without incurring the wrath of his Royal

Master . His second mission to the Duke of Cleves was of a less agreeable nature , for he had then to announce that Hen ry had decided to divorce the Lady Anne .

8 th 1 1 On the of April , 5 4 , the Conven t of Christ Church , Canterbury , and all its property having been surrendered to the

King , a new Society was incorporated con sisting of a Dean , twelve Prebendaries , twelve Minor Canons and others . Although

e Archbishop Cranmer r commended Dr .

Crome , who was a Reformer, the King nomin ated Dr . Nicholas Wotton as the ﬁrst

Dean on the new foundation , and he in due

. Goldwe ll course was installed Thomas , the last Prior , and such of his brethren as did

o o not ch ose to accept the new rder , were liberally pensioned , and the Cathedral entered on its reformed career .

1 In 5 4 3 , Bishop Bonner having been recalled from the court of the Emperor 5

V . . A m Charles , Dr Wotton was sent as b as sado r in his room , and appears to have remained abroad until the death of Henry

. 1 . 1 th VIII in 5 4 7 On the 9 of September ,

1 . 5 44 , Dr Wotton was presen t at the signing of the Peace of Cr é PY§ on the 24 th of December of the same year he was installed by proxy Dean of York , in the room of

1 Dr . Layton . In 5 4 5 he became a pre bendary of the same cathedral . In February ,

1 6 u 5 4 , our Dean was at Br ssels at the

e court of the Queen of Hungary , and aft r

a t wards Paris as Ambassador to France , endeavouring to negotiate peace between

England , Scotland and France , and was

l still there when Francis I . died on the 3 st h 1 . t of March , 5 4 7 On September 9 in the

v d same year , he recei ed a royal ispensation to be non - resident on his two deaneries and his prebendal stall at York . In this dispensation he is styled King ’ s Chaplain and Councill o r . After the death of Henry

VIII . Dr . Wotton returned to England .

By his will Henry VIII . committed his powers to certain representatives of the parties who had formed his own Council ; 6

three reformers , three conservatives , and others represen ting the intervening Shades of opinion . Among the last appears the

o S name of Dr . Wott n , which clearly hows that he , so far , had not committed himself to any party . As a further testimony of his regard , the King named him as one of his executors , and one of the governors

00 . of his son , and left him a legacy of £3

By Edward VI . the Dean w as appointed a

1 member of his Privy Council . In 54 9 the Dean took an active part against the Pro tector Somerset , in the endeavour to reduce him to an equality with the other members of the Council ; with the result that the Protector and Sir Thomas Smith were sen t to the Tower , while Dr . Wotton became Secretary of State as successor to Sir Thomas

Smith . A few d ays later the Dean acco m

an ie d p Sir Thomas Cheyne , Lord Warden o f to the Cinque Ports , to declare Charles V .

’ the causes of Somerset s removal .

1 0 . In January , 5 5 , Dr Wotton was nominated member of a Special commission against the Anabaptists ; and two or three months later we learn the very prosaic fact

DEANS OF CAN TER B UR Y.

as a Commissioner to treat o f sea affairs with France . Our Protestan t sailors were getting accustomed to consider a vessel ﬂy ing the ﬂag of a Catholic c ountry as a lawful prize , to be taken or sunk as the case might be ; and when Wotto n was challenged to cite a single instance in which punishment had been in fl icted on English sailors for

these outrages , he was unable to give one .

o At the end of the year he returned h me , and in the following May was engaged with

the Chancellor and Mr . Secretary Cecil in i l the case of the Merchants of the St l yard .

The year 1 5 5 2 was one of comparative repose . In July the Dean was c on te mpla t ing a visit to Canterbury , and wrote to Cecil asking him to send a buck from Eltham Park to make merry with in his Cathedral

City .

Early in 1 5 5 3 he was again sen t as

Ambassador to Henry II . , King of France ,

but in June , a fortnight before Edward VI . died , he was ordered home . On the accession of Queen Mary , the order was countermanded , for Wotton had tendered his allegiance to W NICH OLAS OTTON . 9

Mary while still in France , and she desired to retain his services . Queen Mary knew him , if not personally , yet through the

o Emperor , who had had numerous pportuni ties of learning what manner of man he was .

Two men , Pole and Philip of Spain , were now coming to the front , and with both

Wotton was soon brought into contact . d d Pole , afterwar s Car inal Archbishop of

’ Canterbury , soon attracted the Dean s atten tion . Froude says Wotton informed the Queen that Pole had said her marriage with Philip should never take place ; but in

d 2 th his letter to Mary , ated 7 of October , “ 1 : 5 5 3 , the Dean wrote It is well known that the Emperor hath the Cardinal

Pole in very good estimation , which appeared well in the last vacation of the Papacy , where the Imperial Cardinals laboured all h t ey could to have made him Pope , being esteemed among many to be of an honest mind and virtuous life . Then , pro “ c e edin : g more cautiously , he adds And now , for because if he come hither , it will much be marked and noted of the world 10 DEAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y. how I behave myself unto him , I therefore beseech your Highness i t please you to let me know vour pleasure therein , whether I shall resort to him ; and in case I do , after what sort I shall use myself unto him ;

’ and . knowing your Highness pleasure there I w in , will endeavour myself to follo the ” same in all points as best I can . France and Spain were at war while the negotiations for the marriage between Philip and Mary were in progress ; and

England was , nominally at least , at peace with both . Hence the proposed marriage

e was vi wed with disfavour by France , as it

‘ was felt that , if the Queen of England

o married Philip , Spain would gain a p werful

. A mbass ally , and France an enemy The ador declared that Mary had promised to remain at peace with France , but he was

r bluntly told that , being himself unmar ied , l he knew ittle of the ways of women , and nothing of the inﬂuence which husbands obtained over their wives . This projected marriage was a source of trouble and anxiety to the Dean . Whil e

e still in France he wrot that , on account of EAN I/VOTTO D N . 1 1

this marriage , he thought it would be very hard to avoid a war between En g land and

e France , and that he had littl desire to continue at his post . In the same letter he pleads sickness , and says he is half in despair to be able to do the Queen any service , partly on account of his health , and partly because of the marriage . He came home to ﬁnd Cranmer in the Tower ; and , when the Archbishop was deprived , he occupied himself with the affairs of the diocese .

It was while engaged on the mission just referred to that he wrote the following letter to his very loving friend the Vice

Dean and Chapter of Canterbury .

After hearty recommendations . I am sorry I cannot be so soon with yo u again as it was mea nt I sho uld have been wh e n I departed from you ; but

howsoever it chance , it cannot be long ,

S . but I hall see you , God willing

I am sorry for the l o ss of your

Usher , remembering what difﬁculty we

had to get him , the like whereof we R D EAN S OF CAN TER B U Y.

shall have now again , as I think . Mr .

I Twyn e writeth unto me of one John

Shawe , who , he saith , is ﬁt and willing

to do it . I pray you to take the pains to know whether he be so indeed or

not , and in case you ﬁnd him meet for

it , for his learning and honesty , I am

very well con tented he have it . If you

think otherwise , then I would to God you could espy out some o ther man

meet for it . But I fear it will be hard

2 to ﬁnd any such , unless his wage be

somewhat mended . And thus I wish

you heartily well to fare . From Poissy ,

1 6 1 . the th of June , 5 5 3

Your lover and Friend ,

” 3 N . Wotton .

1 the In May , 5 5 5 , Dean was again

Ambassador to France , and remained there

two . 1 6 for or three years In September , 5 5 ,

Mary decided to recall him , and his suc

e . o . c ssor , Dr Th mas Martin , was appointed

But Philip intervened , and his return was delayed . This enabled him to watch the proceedings of Dudley and his companions ,

’

F H e M e o f the S oo C e . irst ad ast r King s ch l , ant rbury ’ “ ” 2 The U e e 1 0 e sh r s wag was J£ a y ar . 3 A e MS. L e e in the C e L Vol . I. nci nt tt rs ath dral ibrary , N OLA S WO TTO V ICH I . 1 3

who had arrived in France , and had had a midnight interview with the French King , and had received promises of assistance from him . These particulars Wotton communi c a te d to Mary , and advised her of the arrival of several heretics who had ﬂed from

England and were well received in France . The activity which the Dea n displayed was of the utmost value to Mary , and enabled her to forestal the attempts of her enemies , many of whom were captured and executed . War was declared against France on the

th 1 7 of June , 5 5 7, and her Ambassador , who had been chosen Treasurer of Exeter

Cathedral , returned to England .

Towards the end of 1 5 5 8 the Earl of

Dr Arundel , the Bishop of Ely ( . Thirlby) and D r. Wotton were sen t to France to treat of peace ; but before the French reply to their proposals could reach England ,

Queen Mary was dead , and Elizabeth had succeeded to the throne . Mary died on

1 d November 7th , and two ays later Cardinal

Pole , Archbishop of Canterbury , also died .

But Wotton , whatever may have been his

. re feelings , had nothing to fear Elizabeth 4 D EAN F N TER B R 1 S O CA U Y. ta in ed him as a member of her Council and as her Ambassador to France . In January ,

1 e 5 5 9 , Wotton was in Bruss ls ; in April , w after concluding a peace ith France , he was at home ; in May , being then far from well , owing to an attack of ague , he started in company with Sir Nicholas Throgmorton for Paris , and , having conﬁrmed the treaty with France , was back again in June , in time to take the oath of Supremacy . There was some thought of making him Arch bishop of Canterbury , but his ambition did

2 2n d not lie in that direction , and on the of July he acted as compromissary at the election of Matthew Parker .

1 60 In 5 , while the siege of Leith was in progress , Sir William Cecil and Dean Wotton were sent to Scotland to encourage the Lords of the Congregation in their defence of themselves and of the Protestant religion against the power of France . The n egotiations on the part of England were skilfully managed ; the French commissioners renounced their pretensions to the crown of

England , and a complete recognition of the demand for liberty of conscience was

16 D EAN S OF CA N TER B UR Y.

The Dean remained at home until

March , when he accompanied Viscount

’

. as Montague and Dr Haddon , the Queen s

Commissioners , to Bruges , to adjust an inter

of course trade with the Low Countries , ” known as the Colloquy of Bruges . Even there his interest in school matters was maintained , as the following letter , also “ ” addressed to his loving brethren , will show

After hearty recommendations . Perceiving by your letter that at the

last General Chapter , at My Lord of ’ r Canterbu y s request , you thought good that an indenture tripartite betwixt my

’ said Lord s Grace , and Benet College

of Cambridge , and the Vicar of Roch dale for a Grammar School there to be

: erected , should be conﬁrmed for as much as you there understand the case better than I do ; and that I trust you

have well considered of it , seeing you like it so well ; I am content likewise

s o that it be conﬁrmed , and for that purpose I have give n order for my key for the sealing of it to be delivered

Hoo L ve of Ar o the D e e e the Ho k , i s chbish ps , says an administ r d ly

o o in hi s C e l on W i 1 6 . C mmuni n ath dra h tsunday , 5 5 N H LA S W TT IC O O ON . 1 7

when it shall be required . And thus I

wish you most heartily well to fare .

m th 1 6 . Fro Bruges , the 9 of August 5 5

Your lover and friend ,

N . Wotton .

Dr . Wotton remained at Bruges until

1 66 . early in 5 , when he returned to England

This was his last journey . His diplomatic career was ﬁnished , and his life was drawing

’

w . to ards an end On New Year s Day ,

1 6 5 7, he received a present from the Queen ,

26th and on January he died in London , and was brought to Canterbury to be buried in the Cathedral . His funeral is thus described

B u r all W The y of Doctor otton , fﬁrst two conductors with blacke stau es then the pore two and two then the K in g es s colle rs then the quire then the min isters then gentlemen hau in g e blacke g ou n e s ij and ijthen the preacher then La n caste re herald then Norroy Kinge of Armes then the corpes borne by vi of his seru an tes in blacke cotes that is to say Man er in g e Libie Bigge Scotte S u ttell and Geffrey e and at eu ery

I ’ A n cien t MS L e e e tc V ol . I. See Str e s L e of e . tt rs , . , yp if Park r, 2 2 ed I O PP 4 5, 5 3 » . 74 1 8 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

co rner of the corpes a gentleman in a blacke g ow n e with his hood o n e to

b an n er r owles v idilic e t beare one of , Whitney Glou e r Bennet and Eaton then my lord Cobham chief mourner then the other foure mourners ij and ' i W n j videlicet Mr . otto Mr M edley M r Cromer Mr Rudsto n Then the Maior and Aldermen of the town e then gentlemen h au i n g no blacke then yeomen hau in g e blacke then all other

” I his fre n d e s .

In 1 5 4 7 Wotton attended the sittings of Convocation at which the Statute of the

Six Articles was discussed , and at the suggestion of the bishops and clergy there

r . assembled , afte wards repealed It was at this meeting of Convocation that Dean Wotton voted in favour of priests ’ marri

1 ages . In 5 4 8 he was one of those appointed to enquire into the articl e s exhibited against

Robert Farrar , bishop of S . Davids , who a few years later was burned at the stake in

Carmarthen .

o a Although at h me , free from st te cares ,

a and pparently with time at his disposal ,

H . SS. 606 arl M 4. N I W N CH OLA S O TTO . 1 9 he absen ted himself from the famous Con

1 6 vocation of 5 3 , and consequently took no part in those proceedings to which the Reformed Church of England is indebted

a n d for its existence permanency , for important decisions on points of discipline

- and government , for its Thirty nine Articles , its Second Book of Homilies , and for m the Catechis of Nowell , Dean of St .

’ Paul s . His absence fro m a gathering at which such subjects were to be discussed is not very surprising . He had begun life when there was little in men ’ s minds which foreshadowed the changes which were so near at hand . He had retained his position in Church and State through the c o nv ul sions of the closing years of Henry VIII . and the feeble reign of Edward VI . During

’ Mary s reign he conformed , and when her miserable life ended , and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne , Wotton was still in power , and was prepared silently to accept the n e w order He had passed untouched through all the terri ble scenes which oc cu red

1 0 1 60 between 5 3 and 5 , without a murmur of protest escaping from his lips . His

Archbishop and Bishop Ridley, who had 20 D EAN S OF CA N TER B UR Y. been one of his first Prebendaries on the new foundation , had suffered a cruel death , and he had escaped . He was n ow growing a old ; and what more likely th n that , in his declining years , he determined to take no further part in religious controversy ? His experience must have taught him that the prominent controversialist had been generally the first to go to the stake for his religious principles ; while he who with quietness and confidence had pursued the even tenor of his way as the faithful servant of the State ,

a all standing loof from parties , and quietly a had ccepting all changes , lived the trusted and h onoured servan t of kings and queens

as unlike each other as Henry , Edward and Philip , and as Mary and Elizabeth .

When the majority of those in power were eager to enrich themselves by plunder

ing the church , but little surprise will be felt that after the installation of the new Dean there were men ready a n d willing to dispose of what they could lay hands upon

for their own beneﬁt . Canterbury Cathedral had its Dean , but he was far away , and therefore unable to check the rapacity of N ICH OLAS WOTTON . 21

h . t ose who were in charge But , worse than his inability to check the robbery , if we may believe Archbishop Parker , there was proof that he shared in the spoil . The plate and copes were divided , and Dr .

Wotton had his share , some of the church property being found in his house a fter his “ death . There was not left , says Parker, in the church at my coming the tenth penny of the plate and ornaments which

’ W otton s were left there at Dr . coming ” thither . If the Dean had left a will we should probably have learn ed what was in his house ; but he died intestate . It was suggested that enquiries should be made of his heir , but nothing seems to have been done either to prove his guilt or his i nn ocence , and so the suspicion remains that he was even as others .

’ To attempt to deﬁne Dean W otton s religious principles would be a hopeless “ task . In an age abounding in chameleon statesmen , he caught and changed colour so dexterously , that he appeared a very

prince amongst them . One styles him as the very measure of congruity ; another as 22 DEAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

a centre of remarkables . He adapted him self to every government , and flourished

’ under every change . Somerset s disgrace raised him higher under Warwick ; War wick ’ s fall led directly to his promotion

’ under Mary ; an d Mary s favour proved no barrier to his being employed in the most difﬁcult and responsible employments under

Elizabeth .

Of his talents as a statesman and a scholar there can be no question ; as a lawyer he was fam ous in 1 5 3 8 ; but his

n character was of an accommodating ature , and his opin ion upon the great religious questions which divided men ’ s minds during his prominent career, was capable of an almost indeﬁn ite adjustmen t to contending beliefs . Burnet unhesitatingly calls him a

‘ ’ papist in Elizabeth s time . Lloyd speaks of him as a rare man , made for all — business so dexterous "A man made for — all times so complying "This was he who lived Doctor of both Laws , and died Doctor

2 of both Gospels l

1‘ f 11 . m o . ed . 8 H . R e o 1 6 . ist r ati n, p 597, 5

a Ed I. an d M I. T e w . V . 2 ytl r, ary pp . 3 , 3 3 .

24 D EAN OF AN TER B R S C U Y.

returned in 1 5 66. This mission he would hardly have omitted to mention , if he wrote the record of his services after his return home . I suggest , then , that the

1 60 record was written in 5 , or at the

1 61 beginning of 5 , and then put away

1 and forgotten . We know that in 5 5 9 he was very ill ; that he was by age and “ travel decayed ; that he was even done , and not able to labour any more . And no wonder , he adds , for within these four months (if I live so long) I shall enter into my great climacteric year , which the physicians say is the d a n g e rou se st year ’ it of a ll a man s life . And was pro bably while in this despondent mood that he penned his epitaph , ending with the

' ’ ' H zc fa n d em em se fw eﬂ a mvs words f p g , If Wotton used the phrase “ great climacteric ” u year as we generally nderstand it now , he must have been (or thought he was)

- 1 60 sixty three in 5 , and seventy years of age at the time of his death .

For ﬁfty years Dr . Wotton had worn the garb of a cleric , but his clerical duties must , in the main , have been grievously NI H LA TTO C O S PVO N . 25

neglected , or , at the best , have been per formed by deputy . As a consequence the want of discipline in his Chapter at

Canterbury was deplorable .

In 1 5 60 a presentment was made in which it was asserted that the Prebendaries came not daily to the divine service , and that the Ministers were negligen t in coming to church . There was drunkenness among some of the Petty Canons , railing and jesting , with great disobedience . Some of them were accused of being great quarrelers . Instead of twelve Petty Canons they had only seven . Another charge in this pre

’ ’ s e n tm e n t was that Pole s Arms and Cardinal s h hat still hung in the c urch , which the “ presenters thought n ot decent , nor tolerable , ” d su ffe r I a n e d . but abominable , not to be ' Yet W otton s correspon dence shows that he was n ot un mindful of what he owed to his Cathedral , and his references thereto place his character in a light by no means unfavourable .

’ This imperfect sketch of Dean Wotton s career ought not to be closed without

1 S e L f o f r . e d 1 0 . e e . tryp . i Pa k r , p 74, 74 26 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y. some reference to the interest he showed

’ 1 in the King s School . In 5 5 3 the school

m \ Votton had lost its assistant aster , and , rememberi n g the difﬁculties the Chapter encountered in obtaining his services , de

lore d p the loss and recommended another , if duly qualiﬁed , for the post . After the retirement of John Twyn e from the Head

a Mastership , the Dean proposed the ppoint

u who ment of Anthony R she , had spen t seven or eight years in the School , and ha d been maintained by him at Oxford for about seven years , until he was elected d a Fellow of Mag alen College . Rushe was

an d w d chosen Head Master , was after ar s

Canon of Windsor , Canon of Canterbury and Dean of Chichester .

1 61 e \ Vo tton In 5 , wh n was in England

d . 6s . 8 the Chapter granted {3 , to the Master and Usher of the School towards the expenses to be incurred in the setting forth o f

‘ tragedies , comedies and interludes . This was probably the origin of the “ Speech

Day custom still practised . These e arly tragedies and comedies may have been

x A a i ul i cta C p t . NICH OLA S WO TTOIV. 27

witnessed by Stephen Gosson , a native of

Canterbury , and then seven or eight years old . Christopher Marlowe was not born

1 6 . until 5 4 He was educated at this School , and n o doubt witnessed , and perhaps took

’

in W otton s . part , the plays after death Whether these tragedies inﬂuenced Gosson and Kit Marlow , it would be idle to speculate . THOMAS GODWIN . — 1 5 67 1 5 84 .

A R ER R IN D AL L Archbishops P K , G ,

H IT I W G F T.

H OMA S O D W IN T G , supposed to have been the son o f parents in a humble condition of life , was born at Wokingham in Berkshire

o 1 1 ab ut the year 5 7. He acquired the rudi ments of learn ing at a scho ol in his native place , and while there attracted the attention

of Dr . Layton , then Archdeacon of Berks , who took him into his own house and gave

o him a classical education . Ab ut the year

1 8 5 3 his patron sen t him to Oxford , where

A D TH OM S 0O WIN . 29

he was entered of Magdalen College , and maintained him there at his own cost . In

1 . b e 5 3 9 , Dr Layton , an ardent Reformer , came the ﬁrst Dean o f York on the n e w foundation but his promotion did not cause him to forget his young friend , who enjoyed

’ the Dean s patronage until his death , when others supplied him with the help he required .

1 B A In 5 43 Godwin graduated , and soon afterwards was elected a Fellow of his

1 College ; he proceeded M . A . in 5 4 7.

His zeal for the principles of the R e for mation drew upon him the ill will of those who were opposed to them , and this induced him to resign his Fellowship , and to accept from his College the mastership of the school at Brackley in Northamptonshire . To ex plain this appointment , it may be necessary to mention that the ancien t Hospital of

S . John and S . James , Brackley , was sold with its possessions by Francis , Lord Lovel , to William of W ay n fle te in 1 4 84 . William of Way n fle te was the founder of Magdalen

wa College , Oxford , and in this y the College obtained the greater part of its possessions 3 0 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

e in Brackley . The Coll ge maintained a chantry priest for the service in the Hospital chapel until the death of John Barnard early in the reign of Edward VI . , and then estab lishe d a school in the chamber in which the last chantry priest had lived and died . Of this scho ol Thomas Godwin became the ﬁrst

Head Master, and received an annual stipend from the College . While at Brackley Godwin married

o f Pu rfo Isabella , daughter Nicholas y of

Shalsto ne in Buckinghamshire . The time in which he was not occupied in his school duties he devoted to the study of medicine ,

a 1 with the result th t , in 5 5 5 , he took the

a n d degree of Bachelor of Medicine , was licensed to practise as a physician . This was of great advantage to him ; for , on being driven from his school by the perse

c u tion of Bonner , he was able to maintain

a himself and his f mily by his medical skill .

On the accession of Elizabeth , Godwin ,

abandoning his medical studies , turned his

attention to divinity , and was ordained by

Nicholas Bullingham , Bishop of Lincoln ,

N o a o e N an d . rth mpt nshir . Q iii , p . 49 . W N TH O/IIA S G OD I . 3 1

whose chaplain he became , and was elected a member of the Lower House of Convo

’ B ullin ha m s fl cation . By g in uence he was

u chosen to preach before the Q een , who , pleased as much with his person as with his preaching , selected him as Len t Preacher .

This appointment , the duties of which he discharged during eighteen years , and his popularity as a preacher , brought him into prominence . Prefermen t he had already

1 60 received . In 5 he had been presented to the rectory of Kirkby Mallory , and to the prebendal stall of Bedford Major in

Lincoln Cathedral . The latter he exchanged

1 6 for the stall of Milton Ecclesia in 5 5 , which he resigned on accepting that of Leig hton Buzzard in the same Cathedral in In 1 5 61 he became rector of Han n in to n o g and Winwick in N rthamptonshire , and rector of Lutterworth in But

o . 1 6 ther rewards awaited him In 5 5 , D r Sampson having been deprived for non conformity , Godwin was promoted to the

Deanery of Christ Church , Oxford .

1 L e N ev F a . e . sti

F o e A O o . th e e o of R e in 1 . st r ( lumni x n ) adds r ct ry ucking , 573 The I o R e e nducti n gist r make s n o m ention of Godwin . 3 2 D EA N S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

1 6 In January 5 7, Dean Wotton died , and in March of the same year Dr . Godwin ,

’ as a further mark of the Queen s favour , was nominated as Dean of Canterbury . Two months after his installation it was found that there were no funds wherewith to pay the stipends of the poor and inferior ministers of the Cathedral , in con sequence of the n on -payment of the revenues of the “ Church . To meet the difﬁculty divers ornaments (or vestments) , plate and other jewels , now not lawful to be used in or ” about the service , were entrusted to the Treasurer to be conveyed by him to London

to for sale , enable the Chapter to pay the amounts which were in arrear . The balance was to be reserved to meet future pay

‘

. 1 0 ments This sale , and another in 5 7 , for the purchase of armour, were duly author

ised by the Chapter , and will go some way to account for the d ifference between

1 6 1 the Inventories made in 5 3 and 5 84 . That “ it was the reign of thieves ” we

a all allow , but I cannot ssent to the statement that these ornaments or vestments

A C a ituli cta p . TH OJ IA S GOD PVIIV. 3 3 were sold simply because they were

valuable they were , it was alleged , not lawful to be used in or about the ” service .

These proceedings were made a ground of complaint against Godwin by Archbishop

Parker, who accused him of breaking the

Statutes of the Cathedral , and of consuming

’ the Church s goods . In answer to these charges it was shown that the Dean had done nothing without the consen t of his

Chapter , and that the money obtained by the sale of unlawful church ornaments had been used in a legitimate man ner , and n ot for the beneﬁt of the Dean . It was this enquiry ,

’ made necessary by the Archbishop s accusa tions , which brought out the fact that , at

’ W otton s death , not more than a tenth of the ornaments which were in the Cathedral l at his instal ation remained , an d that the rest had been disposed of for the beneﬁt of the Chapter .

In 1 5 69 the Dean and Chapter were called upon to contribute towards the national defence , and they equipped six 3 4 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y . light horsemen and sent them forth to assist in quelling the rebellion headed by the Earl of Northumberland . In the same year the deanery was destroyed by ﬁre , and the Chapter decided that if any stones were

r e - required for building it , they might be taken from any place withi n the precinct ; to enable the Dean to pay the builders it was agreed that he should take a ﬁne of

200 £ , arising from the renewal of a lease . This was not his only building trouble ; his “ d e mansion in Southwark , The ﬂoure ” l c e . 1 68 y , was in a state of decay In 5 it had been agreed to repair it , and make it h apt to receive Mr . Dean as necessity s all ” require but nothing had been done , and in 1 5 70 it was still unﬁt to receive him .

1 d . Then a gran t of £6 3 s . 4 was made d towards its reparation , and it was ecided that the Chapel belonging to the “ floure ” l ce de y should be pulled down , if it could

not be repaired .

The Chapter Minute Books affo rd some interesting reading at this time , and give some curio us glimpses of the inner life of

1 A a ituli cta C p .

3 6 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

The most troublesome and the most unruly member of the Chapter at this time

e appears to have been George Bol yn , who had been preferred to a Stall in the Cathe

1 dral in 5 66. He is supposed to have been

a son of George Boleyn , Viscount Rochford , and therefore a nephew of Queen Anne

Boleyn a n d cousin to Elizabeth . He was charged with having assaulted one of his brother Prebendaries ; with having castigated a lawyer i n the Chapter House ; and with having threatened to pin the Dean to the the wall with his dagger "To the relief

1 of all , in 5 74 he asked to be permitted to go to Cambridge to pursue his studies ;

and although he made it a condition that ,

while at Ca mbridge , he should receive all such com modities from the Cathedral as he would have been entitled to had he

remained in residence at Canterbury , the Chapter readily agreed to allow him to ” pursue his studies elsewhere . This was in Nove mber ; in February following be was

presented to the rectory of S . Dionis Back church ; but six months later he was again

u o in Canterb ry , and appeared bef re the Dean and Chapter on complaint made by TIIOJ IA S C OD IVIIV. 3 7

Mr . Wood , one of the Six Preachers . In a nswer to this complai n t he confessed that he had str uck Mr . Wood with a dagger . f For this of ence Boleyn was censured , and excl uded from the Chapter un til his better behaviour were approved . Then he appealed

- r e . to the Queen , and was soon instated

1 6 Happily for Canterbury he was , in 5 7 , installed Dean of Lichﬁeld : with his deanery he retained his canonry until his death in

1 60 . January , 4

Little of the quiet and learned leisure , usually associated in our days with the ofﬁce

: of a Dean , fell to the lot of Godwin but his tro ubles did not divert his attention from his des i re to i mprove the services of his

1 Cathedral . In 5 67 a reward was given to Mr . Selby , the Master of the Choir

School , in consideration of the pains he had taken in making and pricking divers books of music for the choir ; in 1 5 73 the Queen ’ s organ maker was sent for to examine and repair the great organs of the

1 Cathedral ; in 5 74 it was ordered that , for the better exercise of the master and choristers , a set of viols and a set of lutes 3 8 D EAIVS OF CAN TER B UR Y

’ should be prepared at the Church s charge ; in 1 5 78 the organ maker was again in Can te rb u r y , when he was engaged to attend the Cathedral twice a year to see to the

1 8 organs and repair them ; in 5 3 the Dean , Vice Dean and Treasurer were instructed to see that the choir was furnished with song books , and to reward such members of the choir as took pains therein . Then , complaint having been made that the Petty

Canon s and lay clerks , in spite of warning , still neglected to attend according to their duty , it was resolved “ That if any petty canon or lay clerk fail to be present in the choir at the beginn ing of the three daily

services , except in their weeks of

liberty , that every of them so making

default shall , the next service after , stand at the door of the grate in the choir in his surplice during the time

of the whole service . But wh ile the Dean and Chapter were using their best endeavours to improve

‘ the services of the Cathedral , they were

The Statute s provid e d for an English serm on on ev ery Sunday i n the year ; but the Chapte r had n ot been so diligent as th ey sh ould v e A R e e of D v e in the v ha e be n . ad r i inity r ad Cath edral on e e ry ’ \ V edne sd a an d F . Str e s e . 1 68 . y riday yp Park r, pp 44 , 4 TH II/AS D P O 0 O VIN . 3 9 not un mind ful of the King’ s School which

1 . was under their care . In 5 73 Dr Godwin went to London to ask the Quee n for a dispensation to remove the School out of the Mint to some other place within the

1 precincts of the Church . In 5 75 the plague “ visited Canterbury , and it was feared lest by access of scholars out of the city into our school some infection there of might w gro , it is therefore agreed that the school shall break up , and that the scholars shall have liberty to repair to their friends until the ﬁrst of September next ; and that the schoolmaster and usher and scholars be warned to be here present at that ﬁrst of September upon pain of loss of their places ” and rooms .

For about seventeen years Dean Godwin passed nearly the whole of his time in

Canterbury . When not harrassed with the

differences in his Chapter, he and they freely dispensed charity to the poor, renewed their leases , welcomed Grindal as Arch

She bishop , entertain ed the Queen when visited Can terbury , bestowed alms on the poor afﬂicted French church in London , EAN OF AN TERB UR Y 40 D S C .

and arranged that the Walloons , who came to Canterbury in should have their common prayer and sermons i n the parish

Al h e . e church of S p g , over which the Cathedral appears to have had some l contro , as it was for many years used for registering the baptisms , marriages and burials of those who inhabited the Precincts d while living , or , when they ied , were buried within the Cathedral itself or in the cemetery attached to it .

That Dr . Godwin possessed the con ﬁd e n c e of the Queen may be inferred from the following extracts from the Acts of the

2 Privy Council : 8 th July 1 5 77. Letter to the Deane of C an te rb u rye to rec eav e D oc tou r

Younge to remain with him accordi n g

1 to certain orders sent down . 8 th

u Feb r a r v 1 5 78 . To the Deane of Canter bury that where D octou r Yonge hath bene committed to his custodie for his ob stin acie a gainst the presen t state of R eligion , by his meanes and gentle per swa sio n s to have bene conformed therein ,

H W . o . W o n F . C o a d H e o C r r ss , ist all n ugu n t hu ch at

C e . 22. ant rbury , p T MA S ’ H O C OD WIA . 4 1 for so muche as their Lordships understan d that their good meaning in that behalf can d take n o effect in him , it is now or ered that he shall be delivered under safe k epin g in to the prison of her Majesties

Bench , there to remain till furder order shall be taken with him .

Dean God win presided at his last

A 1 8 Chapter Meetin g in ugust 5 4 , and in the Minutes of the proceedings is described as Bishop elect of Wells . It was then “ agreed that there Shall be a licence under our seal for the consecration of our now Dean elected to be Bishop of Bath and

Wells out of this C hurch . Four months later (December Is t 1 5 8 5 ) it was resolved to write to the Bishop of Bath and Wells to signify the ruin and decay in which the Dean ’ s houses at Canterbury and Chartham

e a n d w had been l ft , to ask hat allowance he m “ would ake for the same , and for other

n ow things delivered into his custody , and not found to be left by him . If he do not answer to our satisfac tion to enter an action against him for dilapidations and for other

1 68 . A of P C . N ew Ser . . cts . , , pp 4 , 42 D EANS OF CAN TER B R U Y.

Nothing seems to have come of this threat ; and Dr . God win passes from his Deanery , which was not a bed of roses ,

b e d to his Bishopric , which was certainly a of thorns .

In 1 5 84 Godwin was consecrated Bi shop of Bath and \Vells as the successor of

Gilbert Berkeley . The remaining years of his life brough t him nothing but trouble . Those in high positions were opposed to the church , the bishops and the clergy , not so much on points of doctrine as on accoun t

of their revenues , of which they were eager to despoil them , and were not at a loss for plausible pretences to cover their proceed

ings . Godwin was nearly seventy years of

age , and suffered so much from gout that he

cou ld hardly stand . To govern his family and to enable him to devote his abilities d to the ischarg e of his episcopal duties , he

married a second wife , a widow nearly as

old as himself. The courtiers knew the Queen and her objection to second episcopal h marriages , and t ey represented to her that

the Bishop had married a girl . They

A cta C apituli .

I I I.

RIC HARD ROGERS .

1 8 —1 5 4 59 7~

IT I Archbishop : WH G F T.

R IC H A R D O G ER S l R , son of Ra ph Rogers

1 2 of Sutton Valence , was born about 5 3 . He is supposed to have been educated at

’ “ a n d Christ s College , Cambridge , is said

A . a n d M. . B . A to be Oxon , Cambridge D ’ 1 2 B . . 5 5 , During Queen Mary s reign he remained in obscurity , and may ,

it d as has been suggeste , have passed the time in exil e on account of religion . Soon after the accession of Elizabeth he emerged

a he o e to Mi e i O o . e e 1 o n e A lumni x n , wh r it s als s id as c llat d dl y K nt

1 d of md uctton o i s 60. T e te 110 t ec0 t in 1 5 h is his th parish . RXC HAR D R O GERS

R IC H AR D R OGER S . 5 To f ace 1 . 44.

R ICHA R D R OGER S. 45

1 from his privacy , and in 5 5 9 , while yet in

’ deacon s orders , was made Archdeacon of

1 61 S . Asaph . In 5 he was presen ted to the living of Great Dun mow , and soon after to the rectories of Llanarmon in the county l o f Denbigh and Little C a n ﬁe d in Essex . He resigned the whole of these preferments before his installation as a Canon of S .

’ 1 6 Paul s in 1 5 66. In 5 7 he was collated by Archbishop Parker to the living of Great

Chart in Ken t . Thus he came back to his native county , in which he was destined to

y pass the remaining thirty ears of his life .

1 68 In 5 Parker , in conformity with the

Act passed in the reign of Henry VIII . , presented two n ames to the Queen in order that she might choose one to be consecrated Suffragan Bishop of Dover in the place of Richard Thornton , who had recently died . The n ames he placed before her were those of Richard Rogers , rector of Great Chart , and John Butler , Canon of

Canterbury , vicar of Minster in Thanet , rector of Kingston in Kent , rector of Brandon Ferry in Suffolk and Canon of

a Cathedral in Wales . The Queen , acting 46 D EA N S OF CA N TER B UR Y.

’ Pa fke r s on recommendation , nominated

Rogers , and he was consecrated at Lambeth

1 th 1 68 . 1 6 on the 9 of May , 5 In 5 9 the

Archbishop appointed a Commission , of which Dr . Rogers was a member , to visit the city and diocese of Canterbury , with power to examine and punish such laymen and clergymen as were found guilty of crimes and excesses .

In 1 5 73 the Queen visited Canterbury ; the Archbishop and the Bishops of Lincoln , Rochester and Dover met Her Majesty at

\ to the Vest door of the Cathedral , which she had ridden on horseback , and when her “ grammarian ” had ﬁnished “ his oration to her ” she alighted and went into the Cathedral to evensong . While she remained as the guest of the Arch bishop she attended the service every “ Sunday to hear the sermon . The gram marian referred to was one of the

’ Scholars of the King s School . Two years afterwards the Archbishop

’ died , and Dr. Rogers commission to

exercise episcopal functions ceased , but was probably renewed by Grindal who succeeded

EAN S OF A N TE B 48 D C R UR Y.

Letters of Dispensation under the seal of the

Faculties , ratiﬁed by the Queen under the

fo r Broad Seal , the retain in g , having an d enjoying of the Deanery of Canterbury also letters paten t of the gran t of the h same Deanery , wit a mandate directed to the Chapter to assign to the said R ichard Rogers a Stall in the qu eer e and a place h in the C apter , which the Vice Dean and

a ll Chapter received with humility , and then , after he had taken the Oath of Supremacy and the oath to observe the

Statutes of the Cathedral , his place in the Chapter House and Stall in the Quee re were assigned unto him , and he was placed

” 3 therein . After his installation Dean Rogers lost n o time in beg inning to devote himself to the work connected with his i mportant office ; and during many years we find him generally presiding over the Chapter Meet ings and using his influence i n the further ance of many charitable acts .

1 8 8 In October, 5 , the Dean was chosen as Proctor for the Dean and Chapter to the

A Ca ituli cta p . RICHAR D R OGERS. 49

Convocation to be holden in the n ext Parlia

1 8 8 - men t ; but in January , 5 9 , a doubt was raised as to whether he would be able to

a dm tte d f travel to London , or maye be y y ” he should goe . He did not go ; and

Dr . Bungey, a Canon of the Cathedral , was chosen in his stead . The King ’ s School and the success of the scholars are prominent topics in the proceedings of the Chapter at this time .

Five marks were given to James Astin , one of the scholars of this school , towards his maintenance in the University whither he min de th to resort to be a student . The sum of twenty shillings was bestowed upon

John Leeds , a poor scholar of Cambridge , and sometime on e of Her Majesty ’ s Scholars of this School , because h is needs were great ; Thomas Tatnall , a scholar in Cam bridge , who is to proceed M . A . , was granted ten shillings ; and William Swifte received three pounds towards his charges of commencement of M . A . Of these students

’ D u n . stan s Astin became vicar of St , Can te rbu r y , and vicar of Northbourne in Kent ;

Tatnall became vicar of S . Mary Northgate , D F AN T 50 DEANS O C ERB UR Y.

Swifte Canterbury ; and , an ancestor of

a . Dean Swift , was afterw rds rector of S

’ r Ha rble Andrew s , Canterbu y , and rector of down . But the Master was not forgotten In 1 5 84 the sum of ﬁve pounds was given to

- Sho rte our School master , Mr . Anthony , to ” wards his great charges in his late sickness . h Mr . S orte seems to have ill requited this act of kindness , for later on he was exhorted by the Chapter, and earnestly admonished ,

to have greater care , and to be more

diligent than heretofore he hath been , that m the scholars ight better proﬁt in learn ing ,

as well of good manners and civility , as also of letters and good learning than of

1 1 late they have been . In August , 5 9 ,

Shorte Anthony was dead , and forthwith

the Dean and Chapter , in respect of her

a n d distressed case , having six children

n othing left her by her late husband , bestowed upon his wido w a yearly pension

‘

d . of £6 1 3 s . 4 Dean Rogers ’ benevolent disposition was not conﬁned to such as were or had been

l A cta Capitu i . R ICHARD R OGER S. 5 1

1 con nected with the Cathedral . In 5 9 5 there was a great dearth in the country , and the poor suffered grievously . The Dean took an active part in endeavouring to afford relief, and urged that immediate steps should be taken to cal l a meeting of “ ” the Justices of this part of Kent , lest , “ as he observed , while the grass grow , the ” steed starve .

Reference has already been made to the esteem in which Rogers was held by Archbishop Parker ; of the feeling between

Grindal , who succeeded Parker , and his

Suffragan Bishop we kno w nothing . By

Whitgift , who was ever on good terms with him , he was collated to the Mastership of

e Eastbridge Hospital , Cant rbury , but this last prefermen t he did not long enjoy . He

e 1 th 1 di d May 9 , 5 97, and was buried in the place designated by him in his will “ I will to be buried in the a for esa ide C athe drall Church within the Chapell there now newly r epaired and co mmo n lie called the preachers It was the custom , when

e sermons were preached in the Chapt r House ,

See N o e . 2 . t , p 3 5 2 D EANS OF CAN TERB UR Y.

for the preacher to retire , twenty minutes

’ before he entered the pulpit , to the Dean s

Chapel , where he walked to and fro , to

‘ contemplate a n d refresh his memory . To Archbishop Whitgift Dean Rogers left by “ will his best cupp of plate duble g u ilde d as : a token of my loue and than kfulln es s towards him for the spe ciall fau ou r I haue l i ’ ” a wa e s found at his Grace s hands . Other bequests were made to the Prebendaries of his Cathedral , to the choirmen , vesturers , v e r ere rs - his g , bell ringers and personal

2 1 61 . servants . His wife survived him until 3 The Cathedral Register records her burial “ i d : 2 rd . . w d ow thus July 3 Mrs An n Rogers , (sometime wi fe to the lord su ffrecan of Dover) was buried He left two son s

Goldwell Rogers , the elder son , is mentioned in the Chapter Minute Books when Edward

Rogers , gent . , having surrendered to the Dean and Chapter his ofﬁce of a vesturer

- “ or sub sexton , it was agreed on April

' 26th 1 o f , 5 93 , that a paten t the same shall be made under our common Seale to ”

Gou ldwe ll . Rogers , gent Francis Rogers ,

H 2 Th e . . 1 671 . e o e e Ho e ast d xi 5 will is at S m rs t us . R ICHA RD R OGER S. 5 3

the younger son , was presented to the parsonage of Holy Trinity (Minories)

1 606 London , in July , , with the consen t of Dean Neville ; but he resigned in the same

1 60 year , and in June , 7, accepted the vicar

—l - age of Alkham with Capel e Ferne in Kent .

1 60 - 8 o In March , 7 , he received the rect ry

in of Denton in the same county , and 1 629 he accepted from Archdeacon Fotherby

’ the rectory of S . Margaret s , Canterbury ,

1 2 which he retained until his death in 63 8 .

’ He was buried in S . Margaret s Church .

Two extracts from the Chapter M inute

Books may here be given . In November,

1 8 . 5 4 , it was decreed that Mr Dean should have of the corn payable to the Church twenty -six quarters and two bushels of w S - heat , and ixty three quarters of barley, i n as ample a manner as Dean Wotton and Dean Godwin had . The second extract throws a curious light on the means by which the ofﬁcers and “ inferior ministers ” of the Cathedral endeavoured to augmen t

he T P See C Mar In 1 61 8 e e S. . . . . L e e was d scrib d as ant ic nc s ,

Ist Ser .

9 D e R o e ef n r H is e f an g rs l t o e o tw o daught e rs . daught r Cal (Golf) e o e in his is m nti n d will . 5 4 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y. their stipends “ Decreed that no officer n or inferior m i n i ster taking wages in this Church by reason of any office or room within the said Church shall be daily servan t or retainer to any person not being Dean , Prebendary or Preacher of this Church u nder pain of (losing) his office or room or place

' ” a within the Church zpso f cfo. From this d 1 8 ecree , dated June , 5 5 , it is to be inferred that some of the “ in ferior ministers ” acted as daily servants to others than the Dean and Prebendaries . For over thirteen years Dean Rogers a held the high ofﬁce of Dean of C nterbury . It is true he did n o very great thing during those thirteen years ; but a careful examina tion of his ofﬁcial acts leads to the

- conclusion that he was a quiet , God fearing , conscientious man ; al ways attentive to the affairs of his Church ; rarely seeking his own gain , or the advancement of his family .

He may , I think , be emphatically called a good Dean ; not a man of any great parts ; but on e who , in a devout spirit , endeavoured to do his duty in the position to which he had been promoted .

THOM A S N EV I LL E. c 5 To f a e 1 . 55 . Archbis hogs

THOMAS

died ' in

THO MAS NEVILLE .

1 — 59 7 1 61 5 .

s WHITGIF T AN C R O F T B B T Archbishop , B , A O .

H OMA N EV IL L E T S , son of Richard

of e Neville South Leverton , Nottinghamshir , was born ab out the year 1 5 43 . His mother was Anne Mantel , daughter of Sir Walter

Mantel of Nether Heyford , Northampton m shire , from who descended the Mantells

o . of Monks Hort n in Kent Thomas Neville , the future Dean , is said to have been born in Canterbury , to which city his father retired in his declin ing years , and there

1 died in Aug ust , 5 9 9 . 5 6 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

At an early age young Thomas was entered at Pembroke College , Cambridge , of

1 which he was elected a Fellow in 5 70 . In 1 5 8 0 he was a ppointed Senior Proctor

U a n d of his niversity , two years later was presented to the Mastership of M agdalen

College , Cambridge , by Lord Howard , ﬁrst

Earl of Suffolk , a grandson of Lord Audley the founder of the college . Soon after he became Chaplain to the Queen , who , in

1 8 5 7, conferred on him a prebendal stall in Ely Cathedral . About the same time he accepted the rectory of Dodington cum

1 March in the diocese of Ely . In 5 8 8 he was Vice Chancellor of the University of

Cambridge , when he received the degree of

1 2 D B . In 59 he was made Dean of

a n d Peterborough , in the next year, as a

’ further mark of the Queen s favour , he was appointed Master of Trinity College ,

Cambridge , when he resigned the Deanery of Peterborough and the rectory of Dod

in ton an d g , accepted the rectory of Taver

sham near Cambridge .

On . the death of Dean Rogers Dr .

Neville was nominated as his successor , and TH OMA S N E VI LLE . 5 7 on June 28 th he was installed Dean of

Canterbury , when the Mayor of Canterbury and his brethren paid for b a nke ttyin g dyshes that were sen t to gratify M r . Dean Neville at his coming to Christ With his new dignity he retained his Mastership f of Trinity , and held both o ﬁces during the remaining eighteen years of his life . His life at Cambridge was an active one . While Senior Proctor the proposed marriage between Queen Elizabeth and the D uke of Anjou gave rise to excited con trov ers y in Cambridge , an d one Morden ,

B . A . , of Peter House , spoke against it ” most wickedly and without all discretion .

The speaker was committed to prison , and a n account of his conduct was submitted to the Chancellor of the University ; bu t nothing more was done, as Morden was esteemed to be greatly troubled in his wits . In 1 5 8 7 Neville took an active and a successful part in defending the University ’ s

’ privilege of printing agai nst the Stationers

Company . While he was Vice Chancellor

Cuthbert Bainbridge and Francis Johnson ,

B urghmot e B ook . 8 EAN OF CA N TER B R 5 D S U Y.

’ Fellows of Christ s College , while preaching

r e fl e cted u n f before the University , had av ou r ably on the Established Church . In those days such an offence was not likely to be overlooked , and the two preachers were brough t before Dr . Neville and other Heads of Colleges and required to declare on oath what they had preached . Refusing to con vict themselves they were committed to

a n d f prison , a statement of the af air was sent to Lord Burleigh who was then

Chancellor of the Un iversity . His Opinion was that the offenders had been treated too severely , and he advised their accuser to try more lenien t methods . High legal opinion was obtained to the effect that the accused were bound by law to a nswer upon oath . In the end the preachers submitted , and the principle of good order in the University and the authority of the Vice Chancellor an d the Heads of Colleges was maintained . Bainbridge was restored to his college ; Johnson joined the Brown ists , and was in prison in 1 5 93 .

While Neville was Dean of Peter borou gh he united with the Deans and

60 D EA N S OF CAN TER B UR Y. earliest divines in this country holding a position of authority who ventured to oppose the endeavour, to impart to the creed of the Church of England a d eﬁnitely ultra

Cal va n istic character . He thus takes rank as the leader of the counter - movemen t which , under Bancroft , Laud , Andrewes and others , gained such an ascendancy in the English Church in the ﬁrst half of the

’ se ve n tee th . com an century Barret , Baro s p

in Ca lv an ism so ion this attack on , then popular at Cambridge , was a Fellow of

Caius College . He acknowledged that the inferences drawn from his utterances in the pulpit were just , an d he was ordered to recant . He complied by reading a pre scribed form , but in such a manner as to

Show he was not convinced of his error . Whitgift censured the hasty proceedings taken against Barret , who afterwards escaped to the Continent , where he embraced the

Roman Catholic faith . Judged by the ’ - opinion of to day , Neville s action in the persecution of Baro and Barret seems u n worthy o f him ; but our standards are

a n d different , we must not forget that a secret Synod held in London some years MA L E TH O S NE VI L . 61

earlier , had passed decrees against Baro ; and it is possible that Neville himself was a member of that Synod .

The part taken by Dean Neville in the oversight of his Cathedral was of little im portance ; his chief interest lay at Cam

o f bridge . One his earliest acts as Dean was to get the Brenchley Chapel , then on

S the South ide of the Cathedral nave ,

’ repaired at the Church s expense . After its repair it was prepared as a burial place for the Nevilles . His father , mother , brother and the Dean himself were buried within it , and a sumptuous monumen t erected

’

. 1 0 during the Dean s lifetime In 77 , when

0 B rownlow North was Dean , £ 4 was given by the Archbishop an d £4 0 by the Chap ter for the repair and embellishmen t of this

’ 1 monument . But in 78 7 Dean Horne s zeal for Church restoration led to an order for the removal of the Neville Chapel , and it was decreed that the monumen t in it should “ be ﬁxed up in the Nave of the Church . “ u In the end , part was ﬁxed p in the

’ Dean s Chapel , and part is still in the room

’ over S . Anselm s Chapel . EAN 62 D S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

It is gratifying to know that during Dean Neville ’ s time the poor Scholars of

’ the King s School were remembered a s they had been under previous Deans . On e

Hutchinson , studen t of Trinity College ,

65 . 8 d . Cambridge , received £3 , and in the same year (1 60 6) a like s um was given to

’ o Isaac Colf, student of Christ s C llege ,

Oxford . Nor must it be forgotten that

Neville , while Master of Trinity, took

George Herbert under his particular care , and was such an encourager of his studies ,

he and such a lover of his person , that

‘ received him often into his own company . To his interest in George Herbert may be added his kindness to John Hacket , after

of Lichﬁe ld wards Bishop and Coventry, of whom he said “ the boy should go to ” Cambridge , or he would carry him thither “ on his back .

On the death of Elizabeth , Neville was sent by Whitgift to address King James in the name of all the clergy , and to assure him f of their loy alty and af ection . The King remembered this on his visit to Cambridge

’ 6 ed 1 6 . W l o L ve . 2 . a t n s i s, p 5, 75 TH MA N L LE O S E VI . 63

1 61 - 1 in March , 4 5 , when he took three bishops a n d several n oblemen to the ’ w Master s Lodge , here Neville was conﬁned by illness . The Dean did n ot long survive

2n d the royal visit . He died on the of

1 61 May , 5 , and was buried in the Chapel

‘ already mentioned . He died unmarried . During his lifetime b e contributed to Trinity

“ ’ College (I will not say a Widow s mite , but)

’ a Bachelor s Bounty . He expended more than three thousand pounds in rebuilding

’ the quadra n gle known as Neville s Court ; and to make his College a pleasant retreat ,

- i t he repaired , or rather new built in a m m agniﬁcen t anner, so that it might be the equal of any College in Christendom in extent and beauty .

F or the whol e in scri ption 011 his monument see Mem orial

I ri o &c . . 2. nsc pti ns , , p 9

’ 2 F e e ull r s W orthi s . V .

E CHARLES FOTH RBY . — 1 61 5 1 61 9 .

B B Archbishop A OT.

The ﬁrst member of the Fotherby family who came in to the diocese of Canterbury as a clergyman of the Church of England appears to have been John

I - Fotherby . In March 5 84 5 he was inducted

to the V icarage of Headcorn . In the follow ing year he was collated to Smarden ; and in 1 60 2 he was further favoured by having the rectory of Chart Parva bestowed upon

‘ him . John Fotherby was followed by

1 He died in 1 61 9 .

CHARLES F OTHER B Y. 65

Charles Fotherby , the subject of this memoir , who was collated to the rectories of Chislet and Deal in 1 5 8 7. Five years later he was presented by the Q ueen to the

1 rectory of Aldington , and in 5 9 5 to the

V m icarage of Teynha , the Archdeacon ry of

Canterbury being then vacant . In 1 600 he was collated by the Archbishop to the rectory of Bishopsbourne .

The third member of the family to appear on the scene was Martin Fotherby , a younger brother of Charles . When the

1 2 latter resigned Chislet in 5 9 , the living was bestowed upon Martin Fotherby . In addition to Chislet he received the rectory of Chartham , a Canon ry in Canterbury

Cathedral , the rectory of Great Mongeham

1 60 2 and , lastly , in , the rectory of Adisham . He was consecrated Bishop of Salisbury in

1 1 8 . 6 , and died in the year following

Francis Fotherby , the fourth member of the family to hold preferment in this diocese , was presented to the livings of St . Clement

L n ste ad 1 1 in Sandwich and y in 6 8 . Of

1 6 2 Sandwich he was deprived in 4 , and of

Ly n stead in 1 64 9 . Through whose in fl uence E D 66 EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y. the Fotherbys became the recipients of the good things so lavishly bestowed upon them is uncertain ; n ot one of them held a curacy in the diocese ; they came , and received the honours and emoluments which those in authority had it in their power to give .

Dr . Redman , Archdeacon of Canterbury ,

1 was consecrated Bishop of Norwich in 5 94 , and Charles Fotherby was nominated by the

Queen to succeed to the Archdeaconry . At the same time Whitgift collated him to a

Can on ry in his Cathedral . By the death of

the Queen and of the Archbishop , Charles

Fotherby lost his two principal patrons , and received no further prefermen t until the

death of Dean Neville , when King James

nominated him Dean of Canterbury . He lived to enjoy his new dignity but a short

1 61 time , for he died in March , 9 , and was

‘ buried in the Lady Chapel of his Cathedral .

The four years during which he held the ofﬁce of Dean were uneventful and undisturbed by any great questions ; c on se quently there was nothing to call Out any latent powers he may have possessed as an

Me o I See o & c . . . m rial nscripti ns , , p 95

68 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

John , and four daughters survived him .

When Charles - Fotherby was Archdeacon of

Canterbury , Avis , Lady Cooke , asked the Earl of Salisbury to favour an offer of marriage made by this John Fotherby to her eldest daughter Elizabeth , to which the

Archdeacon objected . His objection was overcome , and they were married . But Lady Cooke was not satisfied ; for seven months after her first appeal to the Earl we find her begging that her son - in -law

Fotherby might be made a knight , her “ daughter’ s worth and birth being much disgraced by that match "" It is satis factory to know that her prayer was granted . Lady Fotherby died in 1 63 6 ; Sir John in

1 666 , and both were buried in Canterbury

’ D Foth r b s . e Cathedral Of ean y daughters ,

oe one , Elizabeth , died unmarried ; Ph be was married to Sir Henry Palmer ; Priscilla to

' ou n est was Robert Moyle ; Mabella , the y g ,

married to John , Lord Finch , Baron Ford wich , Lord Keeper of the Great Seal . She

’ 1 6 6 . died in 9 , and was buried in St Martin s

Church , Can terbury .

D m . o State Papers .

J OH N B OYS . 5 6 . I n f /u ? 1 . 9

1 v .

JOHN BOYS .

1 1 —1 2 6 9 6 5 .

B BOT Archbishop A .

O HN OYS J B , fourth son of Thomas

Boys , was born at Eythorne in Kent in

1 5 71 . He probably received his early

’ education at the King s School , Canterbury , for he went to Cambridge as a Scholar of

Corpus Christi College , and there took his

1 degree of M . A . in 5 93 , when he was

elected a Fellow of Clare Hall . In August ,

1 5 9 7, he was collated to the Mastership of

Eastbridge Hospital , Canterbury , and in the

next month his uncle , Sir John Boys , 70 D EA N S OF CAN TER B UR Y. presented him to the rectory of Bettes hanger . Two years later the same patron bestowed upon him the V icarage of Til m a n sto n e , and about the same time he was

’ chosen to preach at Paul s Cross . In

1 60 - February , 3 4 , he was collated to the sinecure rectory of Hollingbourne . Although

this rectory was called a sinecure , Boys does not seem to have regarded it a l

In together in that light . the dedication of his Exposition of the Festival Epistles and Gospels to the inhabitants of Holling “ bourne he says : I have lately preached these notes among you , rather out of ” entire love , than out of any trial of law .

1 60 D D In 5 he took the degree of , and in 1 61 8 he was collated to the rectory of

Great Mongeham , upon which he resigned

Tilmanstone . His other preferments he

retained until his death .

1 1 0 In 6 the King appointed Dr . Boys

one of the ﬁrst Fellows of Chelsea College , as he had acquired the character of a

distinguished theologian . Chelsea College ,

according to Fuller , was intended for a

spiritual Garrison , with a Magazine of all

72 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

was dedicated to Bancroft . His Exposition of the Gospels and Epistles appeared in the following year, and was dedicated to his uncle , Sir John Boys . In this dedica tion he says Archbishop Whitgift watered what that worthy Knight had planted ; a reference probably to the Author having been maintained while at the University by

Sir John . This Exposition supplied a great

u need , and passed quickly thro gh several editions . His next work was his Exposition of the Festival Epistles and Gospels , and was dedicated , as I have already said , to

1 the parishioners of Hollingbourne . In 61 6 his Exposition of the Proper Psalms used in the English Liturgy appeared .

It was hardly likely that a writer of such emin e nce should long remain without D further preferment . ean Fotherby died in

1 61 . March , 9 , and the King nominated Dr

Boys as his successor . He was installed on May 3 rd in the same year . The chief historical event in Canterbury during the remainder of Dean Boys ’ life was the marriage of Charles I . to Henrietta Maria ,

1 1 62 when , on June 3 th , 5 , he preached in B Y 701 m O S. 73 the Cathedral before the King on the

‘ occasion of his marriage .

Dean Boys died suddenly in his library at the Deanery , and was buried in the Lady

oth 1 62 . Chapel on the 3 of September , 5

ro th 1 62 In his will , dated September , 5 , he says “ As for my body I desire it should be buried in the litle Chappell next the

‘ Sermon House , with some inscription or image in the wall next to the Sermon ” House doore . The monumen t erected to his memory is on the South side of this ” litle Chappell . Access from the Lady

Chapel to the Sermon House , or Chapter

House , was through a door in the north wall of the chapel opposite to Dean Boys ’ d monument . This door is ﬁlle up and its place partly occupied by the portrait and

r memorial of Isaac B a g r av e . The door opened into the slype , or narrow passage , between the Lady Chapel and the Chapter

House , and exactly facing it was another door in the North wall of the Sermon

“ 1 62 . The 1 e of e maried A n n o D om . 5 3 day J un was O wre N obell ” n r —T n i o n a e C a terbu e . Ki ge Ch rl s att y ha ngt n Parish R e g .

2 Me o I o . See & c . . m rial nscripti ns, , p 94 74 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

: House , no trace of which is now visible it was ﬁlled up during the recent restorations .

’ Dr . Boys collected works , which were

1 622 published in a folio volume in , and dedicated to King James , continued to be read until the troubles preceding the

Commonwealth set in . Then they fell out of favour , for he was an uncompromising

Who Churchman , did not spare those who sympathised with the theology of the Puritans ; and the Puritans regarded him

o without fav ur and without toleration . His writings were translated into German , and were published at Strasburg in 1 683 and

1 68 5 . He was a man of most extensive

reading , and had a wide knowledge of literature from which he quoted freely . He was also one of the greatest book collectors

of his time .

In 1 61 9 steps were taken to modify certain abuses which had grown up round

e the Cath dral Church , and it was agreed by the Dean and Chapter that the shops within the Cathedral Churchyard should not

be opened , nor fruit or other things sold on

76 D EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

1 62 4 , as heretofore , unless some able man should be found to preach instead of the

Dean , Canons and Preachers . This the “ Chapter , we are told , earnestly study to

’ bring to pass and perfection , to God s glory

’ ” and the Church s honour . At midsummer

Robert Proctor , Fellow of Peter House ,

Cambridge , was engaged to read the sermon ,

Mr . Dean to provide him with diet and ” lodging , and each of the twelve Canons agreeing to pay forty shillings a year to

Mr . Proctor . The Six Preachers were to pay him ten shillings each , or to preach

‘ one sermon either in person or by deputy .

Dr . Boys was exemplary in character ; his life was pious ; his abilities great . Fuller suggests that he received no higher preferment owing to a great prelate having borne him no good will in consequence of animosities between the unnamed prelate and Boys while they were at Cambridge .

Of this we know nothing . Had he been made a bishop he would probably have

b ut been an ornament to the bench , it is doubtful whether he would have been happier

3 A a i i cta C p tul . m 0 701 5 VS. 77 or more useful than he was as Dean of

Canterbury .

1 60 Ba r rav e In 5 he married Angel g , sister of his successor in the Deanery . She

1 6 . survived him , until November , 4 5 VII.

B R ISA AC AR G AVE. — 1 625 1 64 3 .

A : B BOT A UD . rchbishops A , L

SA AC B A R G R A YE I , sixth son of Robert

B ar rav e g , of Bridge in Kent , was born in

1 5 8 6. He was educated at Pembroke

College , Cambridge , where he took his

2 degree of B A . in but Todd asserts that he was entered early at Clare

Hall , Cambridge , where he proceeded M . A .

Of his school days we know nothing , though it is probable they were passed

’ at the King s School , Canterbury . In

2 M . 88 . L v e f h 1 00 A dd . SS o t e D e . . 5 5 i s ans , p

AV E ISA AC B A R G R . 7h 8 f ace ﬁ. 7 .

80 D EAN F AN TER S O C B UR Y.

’ of Wales , and Rector of S . Margaret s

Westminster . About the same time he went to Venice as Chaplain to Sir Hen ry Wotton , the English Ambassador there , and made

n the acquainta ce of Father Paul , author of the History of the Council of Trent . He returned from Ven ice in 1 61 8 with a letter of introduction to the King .

In 1 62 2 he was promoted to a Canonry in Canterbury Cathedral , and for the next six years was held in great esteem as a diligent and faithful pastor by the Parlia

ment , who took the Sacrament constantly

” ’ at his hands in S . Margaret s Church , “ and advice from his mouth often in

” 2 Convocation . But early in this period he incurred the anger of James in consequence

of a sermon preached before the Commons . For this sermon B a rg rav e took as his text

I will wash mine hands in innocence , ” and compass thine Altar , and Spoke with

warmth against the inﬂuence of popery ,

bad counsellors , and corruption . This sermon did not diminish Prince Charles ’ s

esteem for the preacher , for , soon after his

2 ’ M 68 L o e o . . l yd s m irs , p 7 ISAA C B A R GR A VE . 8 1

b e accession to the throne , nominated Isaac

B ar ra ve g to the Deanery of Canterbury .

Placed in a position of responsibility a man is apt to modify his opinions , or to view matters from a different standpoint ; and this seems to h ave been the case with

Ba rg rav e . During the closing years of the life of James he had been one of the

who favourites of the popular party . He had preached against popery and evil counsellors was n o w charged by the people with being a patron of the abuses he had f condemned , and was destined to suf er at the hands of those who had once been or professed to be his friends .

’ Of Barg ra v e s life as Dean of Canter bury , we have but few particulars , and they go far to prove that in his new position his behaviour was not conducive to happi ness . It is true that in 1 628 there was a decree passed with the general consent of the Dean and Chapter , which gave promise of better things than those which actually occurred . In that year it was ordered that every man should do all in his power to

F 82 DEANS F AN TER O C B UR Y. refurnish the ancien t library of the Ca thedral ; that a book Should be provided wherein the n ames of benefactors should be regis te red ; and that the two uppermost desks should be ﬁtted for the receipt of such books as might be given to the encourage

‘ ment of so good a work . But before

’ Ba r a this g r v e s troubles had beg un . In 1 627 the Chapter agreed that William

’

. u Jordan , the Vicar of S Pa l s , Canterbury , should be admitted a Minor Canon of the

Cathedral . Opposite to the entry recording “ this appointment the Dean wrote : I protest against this decree as a matter utterly mistaken . M r . Jordan being nominated and ” B 2 a r rav e . admitted by me, Isaac g

In the next year he fell into disfavour with the citizen s of Canterbury owing to the ravings of one James Farrell who had said there were ten thousand men in England who had as lief the king should ” h be dead as the Duke of Bucking am .

The Dean thought little of this , and was disposed to allow the rash expression to pass unnoticed . The clamour of the people ,

2 a i tuli . I A cta C p bid .

84 D EANS OF CAN TER B UR Y. of the Walloons that their congregations must resort to their parish churches ; it has also been asserted that this proceeding did not meet with the approval of Laud ; but a reference to original documents shows that this action was commenced by the

‘ Archbishop himself, and that the Dean merely acted as one of his Commissioners .

In Laud ’ s correspondence there are m Bar ra v e the any references to g , and Archbishop ’ s good ofﬁces were frequently required to compose differences between the

Dean and his Chapter . In one letter the Primate expresses his grief that he should have taken so much trouble for the honour and peace of the church with so little

Ba r ra v e success . At one time g charged William Somner with unkindness and u n

neighbourly dealing , because Somner, when

preparing the muster rolls of the clergy , had not advised with him upon the tax to be levied ; at another time the care of the Cathedral muniments gave rise to discussion in the Chapter ; the appointmen t of a Petty Canon the letting of the Canons ’ houses

' of H e an d \ all r - C o H . o V oon Ch . l oo 1 0 . r ss s ist ugu n t u ch , pp 5 ISA A C B A R GR A VE . 85 a vault which the Dean claimed from Prebendary Peake ; all thes e triﬂing differ e n ces were referred to the Archbishop . There was generally on e peevish disagree ment or another to disturb the Church and at length Laud , tired of these con “ sta n tl : y recurring complaints , wrote The plain truth is I see somewhat in all but this stiffness on all sides will breed n o peace to yourselves nor reputation to the ” Church .

Thus B arg rav e had alienated all parties with who m he had been brought into con tact ; and when the Long Parliament met he was practically without a friend . His

’ wife s cousin , Sir Edward Dering , introduced a bill for the abolition of Deans and Chap

Ba r rav e ters , and g was ﬁned as a prominent member of Convocation . In May

a 1 64 1 the Dean and Dr . Hacket ppeared before the Commons and presen ted a petitio n from Cambridge University and the ofﬁcers of Canterbury Cathedral against the bill ,

h su bse whic , for the time , was dropped , but

’ B ar r av e quently revived and passed . g s u 1 6 2 npopularity increased , and in 4 Colonel 86 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

a Sandys appeared at Canterbury , and ttacked

’ the deanery , and brutally used the Dean s B . a r rav e w a s wife and family g , while this going on , was at Gravesend , whither Sandys

a n d o followed , and arrested him cast him int the Fleet prison . There the Dean lay three weeks , and was then released without having been brought to trial . This was in

September . Broken in health , he returned

to Canterbury , where he found the Com

munion table overthrown , the monuments

a of the dead violated , the org n spoiled , the

ancient rails and seats broken down , the

an d surplices torn , the pavement strewed

with the leaves of bibles , prayer books and

‘ B a r rav e service books . g rapidly sank , and

- 1 6 2 6. died in January , 4 3 , at the age of 5 d He was buried in the La y Chapel , where

‘

i . his portrait , pa nted on copper , still remains

’ Dean Barg ra ve s contribution to our printed literature is limited to three Ser mons ; one of which he published in 1 624 ;

the other two in 1 627. The ﬁrst is the sermon preached before the House of Com

Me R . 1 1 . rcurius usticus , p 9

2 M o I o c . . 0 See e & . m rial nscripti ns, , p 9

8 8 D EA N S OF CA N TER B UR Y.

the Commonwealth , but the materials were preserved by William Somner , an d it

- was r e erected a t the Restoration . There

1 8 w it remained until 7 5 , hen it was ordered to be removed to the “ Baptistery ” on the

1 North side of the Church . In 896 it was restored by Dean Farrar to its original

’ pos ition . Previously to Warner s gift the only font the Cathedral b ad after the R e for mation seems to have been that mentioned “ in the Inventory of 1 5 84 : A Bazen of brasse for Christenings with a foote of Iron ” to stand v pon . VIII .

LI GEORGE AG ONBY.

1 64 3 .

UD Archbishop LA .

Bar rav e After the death of Isaac g , George Ag lion by was n ominated by the

King , while at Oxford , to the Deanery of

Canterbury . He was descended from an ancient Cumberland family , which , it is said , came to England in the time of

William I . For our purpose it will be su fﬁcient to say that one Ed ward Aglionby was

- E. M. 1 2 0 for Carlisle in 5 9 3 , and again

1 from 5 4 7 to 1 5 5 2 . He was also Sheriff

- in 1 544 5 . This Edward was the father of 90 D EAN S OF CA N TER B UR Y.

s three sons , John , Edward and Thoma . In due time John and Ed ward repres en ted

Carlisle in Parliament , an d Thomas sat for

A lion b Beverley . John g y , the eldest son , married a daughter of Richard Sel kald of

Corby Castle , by whom he had a son ,

MP . Edward , who was for Carlisle in

- 1 1 . a 5 84 5 and 5 9 3 He married Eliz beth , daughter of Cuthbert Musgrave of Crooke dyke , and had two sons , Edward and John . MP Edward was . for Carlisle in the Parlia m 1 62 - ent of 4 5 , and married Jane , daughter of Henry Brougham . Their son John be

A li nb . o came a zealous Royalist John g y , second son of Edward by Elizabeth Mus

’ e at grave , matriculat d Queen s College ,

1 8 Of Oxford , in 5 3 , at the age sixteen

o years , and became a Fell w of his College

’ in 1 5 9 7 and Principal of S . Edmund s

1 60 1 . Hall , Oxford , in He subsequently became Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth and

I. James , and was one of the translators of the New Testament . He was rector of

1 60 1 Bletchingdon from , and of Islip in

. Oxfordshire from 1 60 7 until his death in

1 61 0 . H e is reputed to have been a very

92 D EA N S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

L occasion of the marriage of Charles , and printed in Oxford Poems .

He was deprived of his Stall at West minster, but the same cannot be said of his appointment to Canterbury ; for there d he was never installe , and it is highly probable that he never v isited his Cathedral . Among the manuscripts preserved in the Library of Canterbury Cathedral there are

A lionb . two references to Dr . g y The ﬁrst is in a fragment relating to the Treasurer’ s

d 20th 26th Accounts , and is ated April (or )

" 1 64 3 . It is as follows

It is decreed that the sume of

Twenty and ﬁve pounds , due to the Deane and Chapter of Christ Church Cant : at the feast of the Annunciation

of the blessed Virgin last past , as ye former moiety of this ye are s double

m a n ou r L e sdown e rent for ye of y , shall

be divided between Mr . Deane designed and the p reb e n d arye s heere u nder

2 " spe c ifye d . Vi Decano designato sub -divided

D . a sau on . 2 . Vicedecano C b 1 . Then follow the su ms apportioned to each GEOR GE A GL ION B Y. 93

“

Mr . Prebenda ry . It would appear that ” Deane designed re cei v ed nothing ; but “ that there was in April , a Dean ” designate is beyond question ; and that was Ag lio n by . Then there is an undated letter from him , addressed to Dr . Baker , then Treasurer of the Cathedral "

“ M r . Treasurer ,

I desire yo u to write me a word or two by this bearer of what concerns

tn e from your ofﬁce . I presume you

understand my meaning , and I doubt not you will so much fa v our

Your very lo . friend , A Ge . GLION BY.

This letter is cautiously worded , but its object is clear ; it refers to the income to which , as Dean , he considered he was

. w entitled What the ans er was we have , at presen t , no means of ascertainin g .

1 6 A lion b b In 3 5 g y married Si illa Smith ,

-in - h Fi ld . t e e s of S Martin , London . He

f 1 6 died at Ox ord , in November , 43 . and was buried in Christ Church Cathedral there .

L ec e A lionb w as o e D e on Ma 6 says g y c nstitut d an y .

3 l C r L e e V . II C o . hrist hu ch tt rs , IX .

T HOMAS TURNER .

- 1 64 3 1 672 .

: A U D UX O N H EL D ON . Archbishops L , J , S

H O MA S UR N ER T T , son of Thomas

Turner , was born in the parish of S . Giles ,

1 1 . Reading , in or about 5 9 His father was

b e Alderman and Mayor of Reading , but H k d longed to e c ﬁe l in Hampshire . Of the school a t which young Thomas received his

1 early education we kno w nothing . In 6 1 0

’ he was admitted to S . John s College ,

Oxford , at which two Fellowships were

a ppropriated to persons from Reading . At

’

u nd e r . the S . John s he was placed tuition

THOMAS T U R N ER . ' n ar 1 5 . T f 1 . 9 4

9 EAN S OF CAN TER B R 6 D U Y.

w rectory of S . Olave , South ark , which he held with that of Fetcham in Surrey .

In 1 640 Turner preached before Con

’ vocation in S . Paul s , when he chose for his text “ Behold I send you forth as ” sheep in the midst of wolves , and commented on the fact that all bishops held not the reins of church discipline with an even hand ; that , while some were too easy ,

n aiming at praise for bei g len ien t , they cast on other bishops , who were more severe in exacting obedience , the imputation of being too rigorous . As a remedy for the evi l he recommended all bishops to enforce with strictness a universal conformity . There can be little doubt that more strictness was required at that time ; but , considering the temper of the people , and the increasing number of those who were on the point of open rebellion against Church and State , one may question the wisdom of the advise . We must admit that there ought to be no compromising with truth for a n v end ; but there is a time to keep silen t , and to refrain from words which can only embitter

e . oppon nts The strife had already begun , J I S T TH O A UR N ER . 97 and Turner’ s sermon could not have assisted towards qu ietin g it .

On the elevation of D r . Henry King to the See of Chichester, Turner was chosen by Charles to succeed him as Dean of

1 6 1 Rochester . This was in 4 , and Turner held Rochester until , by the death of Dr .

A lio nb g y , the Deanery of Canterbury became

w . vacant , hen the King nominated D r Turner to succeed him . Upon this preferment he voluntarily resigned the living of S . Olave .

Thus Dr . Turner became Dean of Canter bury ; but seventeen troublous years elapsed before he could enter into his ofﬁce , and during those years he suffered , like many other loyal churchmen , and his Cathedral

Church suffered also , and to a greater extent .

It is probable that D r . Turner was in attendance on the Ki n g during his stay at Oxford ; it is certai n that he had permission to visit his Royal Master while in the Isle of

Wight , and there can be no doubt that he was a sincere mourner at the King ’ s tragical death . His adherence to the Royal cause brought upon him much distress ; he was

G 98 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

abused , pillaged and imprisoned . Three of his houses were plundered of furniture and books . The Committee of Surrey gave the books to Dr . Staunton , who , sometime after the Restoration , restored a few of them to their rightful owner . At his church at Fetcham he was seized because he had supplied the King with money . It is as s e r ted that those who held him prisoner trampled the Book of Common Prayer in the dirt before his face ; that they dressed a trooper in a surplice , and directed him to precede the Dean , whom they carried a

in prisoner to the White Lion Southwark .

After this , Turner retired to his estate in Hertfordshire , but he was not left in

" peace . The Committee for that coun ty summoned him before them , and the Chair man charged him with malignancy for attending the King and praying for him . To this charge he replied that his duty as

a Ch plain oblig ed him to attend the King , and that he n ever prayed for him withou t praying for the Parliament also , and that by the express order of his Majesty .

EAN S OF AN TERB R 100 D C U Y. city authorities promised to hold their ofﬁcers “ harmless . This distraining was for the ” moiety of the subsidies . In July of the same year the Council “ ordered

Mll s . Tr s . e e se e that Mr y and Mr , collectors

’ for the twelve weeks cess in Christ Church , shall be borne harmless for the same by this

7 7 1 C ourt . It was in connection with the non payment of this cess that the ofﬁcial books

of William Somner , the historian , were seized

by the collectors , as he declined to recog nize

‘

n . the authority of the Parliame t In May ,

1 6 4 5 , the Burghmote ordered the Market

Cross at the Bull Stake to be taken down , and the Chamberlain of the City to buy “ the iron an d ironwork now lying in the

Cathedral , which was brought hither out of ” the Cathedral Church , being probably

part of the iron work belonging to the font .

In 1 64 6 the members of the Council agreed to meet at the Town Hall about 9

’ a m th o clock , , on the 5 November , to attend

the Mayor to the Sermon in the Cathedral , “ for the more sol e mpe sole mpn itie of the ” 1 6 8 said day . In 4 , Thomas Ludd , a B B urghmot e ook .

2 See C e M e L e e 2n d Ser . . . ant rbury arriag ic nc s , , p iii TH OJIIAS TUR N ER . 101

w member of the Council , made kno n that it was his “ dearest desire and determined resolution ’ to bestow upon the Mayor and Corporation yearly for ever one sermon to be preached on Holy Cross Day imm edi

n e w ately before the election of the Mayor, at any church the Mayor, for the time being , might think ﬁt . And in the same year it was ordered that the members of the Council who go to church on Sabbath davs to hear sermons shall go in their gowns or pay a

oth ﬁne . This order was cancelled on the 3

1 6 of October , 4 9 , but on the same day the Mayor and Council agreed to go to

’ ’ the Cathedral at 9 o clock an d 1 o clock

‘ on November 5 th in their gowns .

th th m 1 6 0 On the 5 day of the 5 onth , 5 , The church did unanimously agree to break

a n d bread in the Sermon house , ordered ” that henceforth it should be there ; and a fortnight later the same “ church agreed to make use of the cathedral plate which was offered by the In

1 6 0 October , 5 , three members of the Council d proved that they had expended £ 1 6 45 . 9 . B urghmote B ook .

Mi e B oo of G h ee C e C e . nut k uild all Str t hap l , ant rbury N AN TER B R 102 D EA S OF C U Y. about solicitin g and promoting the business

“ of charitables relating to the city , to the

Six Preachers of the Cathedral Church , and to the school and alms - people of the same

5 . d . Church . The Court agreed to pay £ 7 4 9

’ a li as the city s portion , and advised the pp

Six cants to wait on the Preachers , the schoolmaster and the usher to ask them to “ pay £9 , which this Court doth conceive ” a n d they will most willingly pay satisfy .

In 1 65 4 the Council ordered a door to be set up at the entrance to the Mayor ’ s

’ Alde r m en s and seat at Christ Church , and i n the following mon th the Mayor was paid

d . £ 1 3 S. 3 for work done in the Sermon

House . These are some of the en tries in our city records relating to the Cathedral during the C ommonwealth ; but on the

1 6 1 660 of th of October , , the Court Burgh “ mote met again ia the year of the reign

of our Sovereign Lord Charles the Second ,

now King of England , the twelfth , when

the Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance was , w taken by some of the members , hile others

put off the test until December or January .

1 04 D EANS OF CAN TER B UR Y.

For The Common Prayer

Book , to be kept as a

2 o 0

The Great Seal to 7 o 0

2 2 Giving a total of £ 0 IS. 6d . expended by the Dean . In addition , ten shillings were given to William Somner “ which he had payd for bringing the fon t bowle and other m ater ia lls of stone and yron from ye towne into ye church . In 1 663 the

d . Treasurer paid 9 3 . 6 for the carriage of the Brazen Eagle from Faversham to Can

‘ te t bury .

The font bo wl and other materials sent in to the Cathedral by Somner were the materials which he obtained when

’ Bishop Warner s font was pulled down , and had been kept by him until the

r e - Restoration . This fon t was erected in

1 663 in the place where it now stands .

It is not until 1 670 that we can obtain any information of the proceedings of the

’ Chapte r during D r . Turner s tenure of h ofﬁce . In that year t ere was a ﬁre at

F or this Eagl e the Ch apt e r paid £4 to \ V illiam B urroughs the e of It mak r . I TH OI /AS TURN ER . 105 M the Cathedral , and some of the inute

Books were wholly or partially destroyed . In

’ 00 the same year Warner s legacy of £ 5 , left to be laid ou t in the purchase of books for w the Cathedral Library , was considered , hen it was found that £44 7 had already been spent . The remaining portion of the mon ey “ was put in to a bag , and laid in the great bar chest with three locks and keys , and ordered to be kept in the inner room of the Audit house .

For twelve years D r . Turner was in actual possession of this Deanery , an d these he spen t in the govern ment of his Cathedral and in endeavouring to repress the scandals

n which we re then all too freque t . During

1 6 the seven teen years of his life , from 43

1 660 to , and the twelve years that he resided at Can terbury , he had passed through many hardships , and had done much work ; but he had had uninterrupted good health . Now his end was drawing nigh , and , patiently suffering from a painful

1 6 2 disease , he died in October, 7 , at the

8 1 age of , and was buried in the Lady 106 EAN S OF CAN TER R D B U Y.

Chapel of his Cathedral , where there is a

‘ mural tablet to his memory .

n D u His character , accordi g to Dr .

was . Moulin , a very admirable one He was generous , liberal and free from pride . To his Cathedral and its Library he was a considerable benefactor . In thankfulness m for an escape fro danger, he dedicated to the Holy Table of the Cathedral a copy of the Bible with c overs of silver do uble gilt . This Bible remains to our own days , and still occupies a place on the Communion

’ Table . To S . Paul s Cathedral , to Trinity

College and to Corpus Christi College ,

r . Oxfo d , he contributed freely Nor did his gifts end here ; for , during their lives , he

took into his own care his aged parents , and after their death he gave up the estate which he had inherited to his younger brother .

The Dean married Margaret , daughter

Win deb an k of Sir Francis , Secretary of

I. State to Charles , and had three sons

Francis , successively Fellow of New College ,

’ O xford , Master of S . John s College;

M . Sue e ori I s i o s & c . 1 . m al n cr pti n , , p 9

JO HN TILLOTSON .

1 2 —1 67 68 9 .

A : H EL D ON SA N CR OF T. rchbishops S ,

1 1 6 2 On the 4 th November , 7 , the

e Chapter lected John Tillotson , to the

Deanery of Canterbury . He was the son

of Robert Tillotson , a clothier of Halifax , in which place his son was born and bap

tiz e d 1 6 0 . h in 3 His fat er , who was a rigid

Puritan , brought up his son in the same

u principles , and bestowed pon him the best education that was available in his time . At the age of seventeen he was sent to

OH . V L V T1 L O T O . 7 S . 109

whe re Cambridge , he was admitted a pro b ation er of Clare Hall and placed under the tuition of David Clarkson , an eminent

Presbyterian divine .

1 6 0 B A In 5 he graduated , and in the next year, as Clarkson had resigned his

i i i n pos t on the Colleg e , Tillotson was elected

e F llow in his room , and soon after became

Tutor . The duties pertaining to this ofﬁce he discharged with care and judgmen t . He

. . 1 6 proceeded M A in 5 7, and was soon a fter invited by Edmun d Prideaux , then

Attorney General , to become tutor to his son .

At home and at the University , Tillot son ’ s surroundings were all of a puritanic character . His father was a Puritan ; his

Tutor was a Puritan ; and Holdcroft, who

a shared his rooms at C mbridge , belonged

s to the ame party . Yet he soon became inclined to larger and more liberal opinions , and to a dislike of the books which were placed in his hands . But when he read the

Chilli n wo rth writings of g , whom he styles “ incomparable , and the glory of his age a n d nation , his mind was turned from its 1 10 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

narrow prej udices , while he maintained the strictness of life in which he had been brought up .

o When Tillotson btained his Fellowship ,

Clarkson , who had accepted the living of

Mortlake , transferred his pupils to him , and they , with others who were added , expressed in later years their high Opinion of his piety , diligence in study an d care for those who were placed in his charge . His con duct while he lived at Cambridge was beyond reproach . But in after days he was virulently attacked , and accused of being “ seasoned with the principles of resistence and rebellion when he ﬁrst entered the

University . The charge was soon proved to “ ” be without foundation : the seasoned rebel was then aged seventeen years " Tillotson ’ s removal from Cambridge to the house of Attorney General Prideaux was a distinc t advantage to him in life . His residence in London enabled him to become w acquainted ith Browning , Bishop of Exeter ,

Lichﬁeld with Hacket , afterwards Bishop of ,

’ Pr d and other prominent men . After i e aux s death Tillotson remained in the metropolis

1 D EA N TER B 1 2 S OF CAN UR Y.

The ﬁrst ofﬁce he held after his ordina tion was the curacy of C heshunt in 1 661 and 1 662 . The nearness of this parish to London enabled Tillotson to pay frequen t v isits to his friends in the city , and to keep u p his acquaintance with them , and to preach for them when invited . His sermon on the Advantages of Early Piety was

e . 1 662 d livered at S Lawrence jewry in , in which year he was elected by the parish

ion e rs . to the living of S Mary Aldermanbury , of which Cala my had been deprived in consequence of his refusing to subscribe the

Act of Uniformity . This living Tillotson declined to accept . In the next year he was offered the rectory of Kiddington in

Suffolk , and accepted it . His stay there was 1 66 short , for in November , 3 , he was

’ elected Preacher at Lincoln s Inn , and at once resigned his Suffolk living , where , it must be added , his ministrations were not admired .

The choice of the Benchers of Lincoln ’ s Inn was soon shown to have been judicious ; Tillotson ’ s reputation as a preacher attracted general attention , and procured him the HN TILL O TSO 7O N . 1 13

appoin tment of Tuesday Lecturer at S . Law

1 66 rence Jewry in 4 , where his discourses w w al ays dre numbers of hearers , among whom the London clergy were conspicuous ; “ ” to they came to form their minds , and listen to sermons of a new style . Hitherto i t had been customary to introduce quain t conceits and pedantic quotations ; but of these there was no trace in Tillotson ’ s sermons ; the charm of the compositions was derived from the benign ity and candour which appeared in every line of his writings ; w and Dryden frequently o ned that , if he had any talent for English prose , it was due to his having read the writings of

‘ Tillotson .

In the same year the Lord Mayor invited him to preach to himself and the

’ Aldermen of the City at S . Paul s . At that time he took for his text “ And unto man he said , Behold , the fear of the Lord , that is wisdom ; and to depart from evil is understanding . At the request of his hearers the sermon was printed , and was afterwards expanded and improved , and was

I l H n 1 8 M E . . acau ay, ist . g i . 5 D E N AN TER B R 1 14 A S OE C U Y. considered to be a perspicuous and con v in cin g defence of religion .

The corruption that was at this time overspreading the national li fe n ow attracted his serious attention . The narrowness and extravagance of the times preceding the

Restoration , and the immorality which followed the return of the King , predisposed men ’ s minds to irreligion and irregularity of life . This condition of things , moral and religious , urged Tillotson to labour with zeal in his endeavours to make the people feel the reasonableness of the truths and precepts of Christianity . He believed Popery was at the root of the evil , and thought the aim was to make men atheists that they might the more easily become Papists . He considered Popery as such a corruption of the whole design of Christianity that he felt it to be his duty to set himself resolutely against it . His success in this endeavour

d u was acknowledged by Lewis Moulin ,

Camden Professor of History , until the

Restoration , but it brought him into conﬂict with John Sergeant , a secular priest , who

to 1 6 2 had seceded Rome about 4 , and was

1 16 D EA i VS OF CAN TER B UR Y.

The baleful inﬂuences of the Court and the “ classes ” had not only demoralised “ the masses , but had extended to the Church itself ; and it needed the ﬁrm hand and the moral courage of a great and good man to check abuses and punish wrongdoers . Such a man was Dean Tillot son , who had been trained and educated

u in the austere morality of the P ritans , and had maintained his character unspotted through the years of the disreputable life of Charles II .

The favours bestowed on him by the King did not abate the energy with which he attacked the Church of Rome , and the exposure of her principles frequently occupied him when preaching at Whitehall . His “ sermon o n The hazard of being saved in the Church of Rome ” offended the Duke of York , who , until then , had concealed his adherence to that Church , and continued his attendance at the Royal Chapel . On

th 1 6 8 November s , 7 , Tillotson , preaching

o d bef re the House of Commons , eclared that , in his judgment , Pagans were more

trustworthy members . of society than men 7011 1V TILL OTSON . 1 17 who had been formed in the schools of the

Popish casuists . Two hundred years after the event we may be allowed to smile at the activity displayed against Rome ; in ’ d Tillotson s ays the danger was real , as was shewn when James II . succeeded to the throne . But while the Dean exercised all w his po ers against Roman Catholicism , he was not un mindful of the Nonconformists who were without the pale of his own

1 668 1 Church . In and again in 674 he joined in treaty for a comprehension of such as could be brought into his own communion ; but his efforts and those of Stillin g ﬂe e t were frustrated ; the Bishops refused their assen t to the proposals , and the endeavours to bring about a compromise came to a n end .

The flight of the King in 1 688 brought changes to many , both in Church and State . As far back as 1 677 Tillotson had become acquainted with the Prince and Princess of

Orange , and probably had been able to show them kindness during their stay in

Canterbury . While there they occupied the house of Sir William Mann (not an inn , as 1 18 D EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y. has been erroneously stated) and the Dean may have len t them his plate . But of this there appears to be n o evidence ; all we know is that the City of Canterbury spen t money on upholstery at Sir William Mann ’ s house for the use of the Prince and Princess , “ and that a marchpain e and a banquet of sweetmeats was presented to them in the

I name of the City .

San croft was suspended for refusing the oath to the new King , and Tillotson was appointed to exercise Archiepiscopal j urisdiction in the Province of Canterbury . Then he made on e more effort to aecom plish his plan of a comprehension with

Dissenters , and recommended to the King the appointment of a Commission consisting of ten bishops and twenty divines by whom the proposed union was to be effected . Most of the bishops who had taken the oath an d

e the divines met , and det rmined on several alterations in the Liturgy a n d the constitu tion of the Church . Their decisions were submitted to the Convocation of the clergy , and were rejected . Dr . Jane , who had been

’ C e A o 1 6 . hamb rlain s cc unts, 77

1 20

d 2 r d ying on the 3 of the same month , was “ buried at S . Lawrence Jewry . I have ” “ lost , said the King , the best friend I 1 ever had , and the best man that ever knew .

1 66 In 4 Tillotson married Elizabeth , daughter of Dr . Peter French , by whom he ha d two daughters . Dr . French had

’ married Cromwell s sister Robina , and

’ Tillotson s wife was , therefore , the Pro

’ tector s niece .

As a preacher Tillotson was thought to have surpassed all rivals living or dead . He still keeps his place as a legitimate

2 English classic . His splendid talents com

m a n d e d b en ev o respect ; while his humility ,

e s lence , charity and moderation secured “ teem . He taught more ministers to preach well , and more people to live well , than A ’ ” any other man since the postles days , said Burnet in the funeral sermon which he

’ preached at the Archbishop s death .

He was a man of a clear head and of a sweet temper . He had the brightest

2 M iv 1 I i i i . 1 08 . En . . . H . acaulay , ist g 7 bid , LL 121 yOHN TI OTSON . thoug hts and the most correct style of all our divines , and was considered to be the most

of . able preacher his time He was pruden t , and was universally esteemed and beloved . No man contributed more than he did to make men love the worship of the Church

I of En g l a n d . He was one of the greatest of all the Deans of Canterbury .

During his time it was feared much inconvenience might arise fro m the many doors which then opened into the cloisters , and some of these doors were ordered to be bricked u p ; the gates and posterns about the church were also ordered to be

. e stopped The church windows were mend d , and Mr . Smyth was paid £3 80 to repair

the great and small organs . Four Minor Canons were appointed constantly to read the ﬁrst lessons , and they were allowed two “ shillings each , to be paid by them whose turns they read . In 1 684 there was great and serious debate in the Chapter respecting the time at which prayers should begin on

Sundays and Holy Days , and they were

’ ordered to commence at nine o clock . In

8 B w e O wn T e 1. 1 . u t , im s , 9 122 D EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

1 679 the Chapter decided to give 5 20 a year for seven years towards the rebuilding

’ of S . Paul s Cathedral .

JOH N S H A R P. fa c e p 1 23 .

EAN S OF CAN TERB 1 24 D UR Y.

” still living . That James had been faithless they all knew , and they were equally aware that he had lost the conﬁdence of his people ; but they could not conscientiously swear fealty to another : an oath of alleg ia n ce was binding in their eyes , and they could n o t be brought to take a new oath un til the King , to whom they had sworn it ,

e was dead . Among thes was Archbishop

Sa n c r oft , who , with Lake of Chichester, Lloyd

a n d e of S . Asaph , Ken of Bath W lls ,

e Turner of Ely , White of P terborough and Trelawney of Bristo l had been tried for what

James termed rebellion , and had been acquit

an croft ted . S was ﬁrst suspended from his Archiepiscopal ofﬁce in conseq uence of his

refusal to take the new oath , and was

afterwards deprived . Tillotson was c on s e

1 crated Archbishop of Canterbury in 69 1 .

John Sha rp was the eldest son of

Thomas Sharp , a drysalter of Bradford in

Yorkshire , who owned the estate of Wood

house near that place . John was born at

1 6 Bradford in 44 , and was baptized there

Bla z e t by Mr . , a clergyman of the Church

of England , a circumstance which in after 011 1V SHAR 7 P. 1 25

life gave him much satisfaction . His father being a Puritan and favouring the

t parliamen ary party , Fairfax , while at f Bradford , dwelt in his house , and of ered hi m a commission in the army . But Thomas

’ Sharp s wife was attached to the loyalist pa rty and she persuaded her husband to decline f the offer . Husband and wife dif ered on religious and political questions ; but both were pious , honest and hospitable , and were highly esteemed by their neighbours . What the son of a Puritan fathe r and a

n Church of E gland mother would become , it would have been difﬁcult to foretell . As is not uncommon , maternal influence prevailed . She was careful to instil into the mind of her son her own prin ciples of loyalty to the King , as well as a love for the Liturgy of the Church . At some risk of incurring the displeasure of Fairfax , she had preserved her copies of the Prayer Book in spite of the diligent search that had been made for that forbidden book ; and one of these , at

o f an early date , she put into the hands her boy , and taught him to value it . She found him an apt pupil , for he admired the D EAN S OF AN T B R C ER U Y.

prayers , and especially the Litany , with which he was much impressed ; after he became a man it was read every morning in his own family as long as he lived .

All good inﬂuences , however , did not

proceed from his mother . From his father he learned the Spirit of devotion ; from his earnestness in his private prayers the child gained impressions which were never for gotten . In addition to this devotional spirit he received from his father beliefs which he

’ had to renounce in future years : Calvin s doctrin e of predestination and reprobation

a n d were accepted , he went to Cambridge a predestinarian , capable , as he then thought , of vindicating his principles against all who might dispute with him . At the University his harsh creed was overcome by the tact and persuasion of his tutor , and John Sharp became an altered man .

The only school at which Sharp , as a boy , attended was that of his native town . There his progress was so satisfactory that , when he was ﬁfteen , his father decided to send him to Cambridge , and to main tain him there for seven years . Accordingly he was

D EA N S OF CA N TE B R 1 28 R U Y.

and , although the Master and Fellows were friendly towards him , he failed . The prospect of this Fellowship , an d the efforts he made to

for w ﬁt himself it , were not ithout their 66 B . 1 A . value From 3 , when he took his degree , he diligently studied Greek authors ,

1 . until he proceeded M . A . in 667

His graceful and distinct manner of reading the lessons in the College Chapel

o attracted the attenti n of Dr . Henry More , w who thus , although Sharp did not kno it , became his friend , and was the means of putting him in the way of his ﬁrst promotion .

te . . Af r he had taken his M A degree , and when his seven years at College were con cluded , he left Cambridge to pursue his

H n a studies at Bradford . While there Sir e e g e

Finch applied to Dr . More to recommen d some one to be h is Domestic Chaplain , and to undertake the tutorship of his sons , and

Sharp was suggested as a suitable man .

’ Befo re he had been in his father s house a month , he left it , and entered the family of

Sir He n eag e . This was the starting point in

’ o Sharp s public career . Finch became L rd

n Chancellor , and was thus placed in a positio s SHAR 70 P. 129

to beneﬁt his chaplain , who was ordained

1 66 deacon and priest in August , 7, and at once took up his residence at Kensington

House . The time he could spare from his

u pupils he spent in his favourite st dies , his patron furnishing him with such books as he could not afford to buy . Two years after his en trance into this family his health again gave way , in consequence of his devotion to his studies and the unreasonable hours in

a which he follow ed them . On this ccount he made up his mind to pay a visit to his father . This was the last time that father and son met . Within a month of leaving his home to resume his duties in London , his father died .

After this John Sharp resumed his Old

a Test ment studies , for which he found time as he was without any cure of souls ; and his p a tron preferred that he should read printed sermons in his ministrations to the family, rather than make and preach his own . Sir Hen e ag e n ow began to look about for some preferment for his chaplain . He ﬁrst endeavoured to secure for him the rectory of S . Peter , Cornhill , but this R R 130 D EAN S OF CAN TE B U Y. had been promised to Beveridge afterwards

Bishop of S . Asaph . When Dr . Mewes was consecrated Bishop of Bath and Wells in

1 6 2 7 , Sharp was made Archdeacon of Berk

- shire , being then twenty eight years old .

1 6 In November 73 , Finch was appointed

Lord Keeper of the Great Seal , which ofﬁce carried with it the rights and responsibilities of considerable church patronage . The new Lord Keeper was a sincere churchman ; and in order that he might bestow his patronage worthily , he wrote to Sharp that the greatest difﬁculty he apprehended lay in this question “ of patronage ; I would not , he said ,

knowingly prefer an unworthy per s on ; but as my course of life and studies has lain another way , I cannot think myself so good a judge of the merits of suitors as you are ; I therefore charge it upon your con

science , as you will answer it to Almighty

God , that upon every such occasion , you make the best enquiry , and give me the best advice you For about ten years Sharp dis charged this onerous duty . Among those who passed under his scrutiny was George

To L e of . dd , if Sharp

13 2 D EA N S OF CAN TER B UR Y. he was occupied with the affairs of his

a n d . parish , in the prosecution of his studies He did not remain for long in comparative obscurity ; for his abilities as a preacher were soon recognised . He preached two sermon s before the Lord Mayor and one before the House of Commons , and these

1 were printed . In 679 he accepted the

Friday Lectureship at S . Lawrence Jewry , where numbers of divines a ttended to listen

a c to his discourses . This Lectureship he i c e te d . W h chcot p unwillingly ; but Dr , vicar of S . Lawrence , prevailed upon him , and

’ he held it until the vicar s death . In the same year in which he accepted the Lecture

o f D D . ship he took the degree . at Cam bridge .

In 1 68 1 the King bestowed upon Sharp

o f the Deanery Norwich , an appointmen t

a which gr tiﬁed him much , as he had been a

Canon of that Cathedral for over six years , and was conversant with the affairs of the

a Chapter there . This ppointment was not only agreeable , but it was of advantage to

n o w him , as his absence from London was more frequen t than had hitherto been the 01 m SHA R 7 P. 1 3 3

case . During his residence at Norwich he occupied his time in improving his health as well as his spiritual life .

1 68 In 3 , at the desire of Compton ,

Bishop of London , he wrote his book on ” Conscience . This book was the outcome of

1 6 a sermon , preached in 74 , upon the subject of the separation of Dissenters from the

Church of England , and its publication was thoug ht necessary , as his sermon had given rise to some dispute .

. 1 68 Charles I I died in 5 , and James ascended the throne . With the accession of James another kind of defence was required by the Church of England . Hitherto the discussions on religious questions had been mainly invitations to Nonconformists to enter

o the Church . N w the case was altogether

: different the question to be decided was , whether the Church of England was a Church or not . Into this new controversy she was not ill prepared to enter ; the pulpits of the metropolis were occupied by many distin ~ g u ished men : Sherlock preached at the

’ Temple , Tillotson at Lincoln s Inn , Wake 1 N TE 3 4 D EAN S OF CA R B UR Y.

’ and Jeremy Collier at Gray s Inn , Burnet at

’

fl . the Rolls , Stilling eet at S Paul s Cathedral ,

’ Patrick at S . Paul s in Covent Garden ,

’ il s . G e s Fowler at S Cripplegate , Sharp at

- - - T n i on . . G in e s S iles the Fields , at S Martin in - - the Fields , Sprat at S . Margaret , West

B r n hill . . Co minster, everidge at S Peter on These were not unequal to the demands which were about to be made upon them .

Dr . Sharp , on the Sunday after the death of Charles , preached a sermon upon Providence ; in March he preached at White hall on the evidence of Christianity ; at the coronation he was among the chaplains and dignitaries who attended on that occasion ;

1 68 6 in April , , he was appointed Chaplain in Ordinary to the King . In the same year he incurred the displeasure of James in conseq uence of preaching on matters con n ecte d the with Romish religion , and this subject he would not abandon . On the 2n d of May , he preached in h is own church on

x 1 1 . 1 . 1 Cor . 3 At the close of his sermon a n anonymous letter was handed to him , which p urported to come from one who

M H n 1 8 E . . acaulay, ist . g . i 5

B R 1 3 6 D EA N S OF CA N TER U Y. order to read the Declaration issued by the

King . The Archdeacons , having consulted together , decided not to appear , and Sharp again went to Norwich .

Then came the Revolution of 1 68 8 . Sharp did not abandon his allegiance to

James , or cease to acknowledge him as King , until both Houses of Parliamen t had de l c are d the throne vacan t . During the de bates in Parliament he was called upon to preach before the Prince of Orange , and three days later before the Commons ; on both occasions he prayed for King James . As the Commons had declared the throne vacan t , his praying for James caused some surprise , and the Speaker drew attention to the matter . Sir Christopher Musgrave found a way out of the difﬁculty by sug

estin g g that , as the resolution respecting

the vacancy had n ot been published , Sharp was not bound to know anything about it, and could not have taken notice of it with

‘ u out being g ilty of a breach of privilege .

When Dr . Tillotson removed to the

’ Deanery of S . Paul s , King William nomin

H n 2 M u . E . 28 aca lay, ist g . ii . N HA R 7OH S P. 1 3 7

ated Dr . Sharp to succeed him at Canter

i H bury . e was also appointed one of the Commissioners for preparing such alterations and amendments of the Liturgy and Canons , and such proposals for the reformation of the Ecclesiastical Courts , as might be laid before Convocation . This commission failed , as has been already stated .

Dr . Sharp was installed Dean of

2 th 1 68 . Canterbury on the 5 of November , 9

Of his life there , if he visited the city again after his installation , no record remains .

1 6 1 In 9 , on the death of Lamplugh , he became Archbishop of York . He died

2n d 1 1 at Bath on the of February , 7 4 , and was buried in York Cathedral .

1 6 6 In 7 he married Elizabeth Palmer , sister to the wife of (Sir) William Rawlinson , one of the Lords Commissioners of the

Great Seal at the Revolution . His son ,

Dr . Thomas Sharp , Archdeacon of North u mb e rl an d , Prebendary of York , Durham and Southwell , compiled a Life of the

Archbishop from papers left by his father . This Life was published in 1 8 25 in two

volumes . XII .

GEORGE HOOPER .

- 1 1 69 1 704 .

IL L T : OT ON EN ISON . Archbishops T S ,

GEO R GE H O OPER was the son of George

ma n Hooper , a of independent means , who

resided , when this son was born , at Grimley

in Worcestershire . From Grimley the family

removed to Westminster , and George was

’ elected a Scholar of S . Paul s School , but was shortly afterwards removed to West

minster School , of which Dr . Busby was

then Head Master . At Westminster he

’ obtained a King s Scholarship . Busby had

: a high opinion of the lad , and said of him

GEO R GE HOO PER . Tu ’ f a a p . 1 3 8

140 D EA N S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

and Syriac scholar , and a master of Arabic , of which he was able to make good use in explain ing obscure passages of the Old

Testament .

1 6 2 a t In 7 , c ing under the persuasion of Dr . Morley , Bishop of Winchester ,

Hooper left Oxford , and became Chaplain to the Bishop of Winchester , for whom

Ken acted as Chaplain at the same time .

Soon afterwards Dr . Morley collated Hooper to the rectory of Havant , but this did not suit his health owing to the dampness of the situation ; and Ken , rector cf Woodhay in Hampshire , resigned in favour of his

was friend Hooper , who then instituted to the living . Isaac Mills , incumbent of High

n Clere , a neighbouri g parish , frequently spoke of the rector of Woodhay as “ the one of all the clergymen whom he had ever known in whom the three characters of perfect gentleman , thorough scholar , and venerable divine met in the most complete ” accordance .

Archbishop Sheldon heard of Hooper ’ s fame , and urgently requested Dr . Morley GEOR GE H OOPER . 141 to allow him to remove to Lambeth to

’ become Archbishop s Chaplain ; a n d to this

1 appeal Morley reluctantly agreed . In 673 m Hooper removed to La beth Palace , and in 1 675 the Archbishop collated him to the rectory of Lambeth . Two years later the same Archbishop collated him to the Pre c e n torshi p of Exeter , of which he became a residen t Canon in 1 677.

On the marriage of the Princess Mary

a to Willi m of Orange , Hooper was appointed

Almoner to the Princess , and accompanied her to Holland . At the Hague he had a difﬁcult post to ﬁll , for the Prince was disposed to a religion of the D utch Pres b te r ia n y type , and endeavoured to impress his own views on the Princess , whose former Chaplain had permitted her to leave the services of the Church of Eng l a nd for those of the Dutch . Hooper was less complaisant ; he persuaded her to read Hooker and Eusebius in preference to the dissenting books with which she had been formerly supplied . He even argued church matters with the Prince himself, and in

a Such way that William said to him , 1 42 D EANS OE AN TER B R C U Y.

. v Well D r Hooper , you will ne er be a bishop . He succeeded in arranging the chapel of the Princess in accordance with

n o twith the usage of his own church , standing the opposition of the Prince .

When he had been in Holland about a ye ar he obtained permission to return to

England to marry Abigail Guildford , to whom he had been engaged before h e went abroad . After his marriage he re turned to

u the Hague in f lﬁlment of his promise , but after eight months he was succeeded in his position there by his friend Ken .

In 1 68 0 he was appointed Chaplain to

Charles II . , and was shortly afterwards offered the Regius Profe ssorship of Divinity a t O x ford . This he declined , and it was

. 1 6 conferred on Dr . Jane In 8 5 James II . desired him to attend the Duke of Monmouth on the night preceding his execution . This he did ; and on the next morning ae com pa n ie d the Duke to the scaffold in company with the Bishops of Ely and Bath and Wells

Te n ison . and D r . At the Revolution he was one of the decidedly High Churchmen

1 44 D EAN OF CAN TER B R S U Y.

2 th 1 6 1 5 , 9 , was made at his suggestion I have n o means of ascertaining ; but this is of n o importance as the only regulation made in the services of his Cathedral during his occupancy of the Deanery was that , on

Holy days , Wednesdays , Fridays , Fasting and Thanksgiving days , prayers should

’ beg in at ten o clock in the morning .

In 1 69 8 the Princess Anne and her

o husband , Prince Ge rge of Den mark , desired that Dean Hooper should be appointed tutor to their son the young Duke of Gloucester, but the King succeeded in placing Burnet

1 1 in that ofﬁce . In 70 the Dean was elected Prolocutor of the Lower House of Convoca tion of Canterbury . His extensive knowledge of law and history and his courteous demean our eminently qualiﬁed him for this post and at the time when the relations between the Upper and Lower Houses were strained it was most necessary to have an able man a t the helm . He was an able defender of the privileges of the Lower House , and Ken acknowledged that he had greater hope of the Church n o w that Hooper was taking the lead in affairs . GEOR GE H OOPER . 1 45

About this time the Dean was offered the Primacy of Ireland , but he declined it . In 1 70 3 the Queen n ominated him Bishop of

St . Asaph , and this , much against his will , he accepted , and was consecrated on October

1 5 t . 1 0 3 in the same year In March , 7 4 , he was translated to Bath an d Wells , but not before he had solicited the re - instatement of

Ken , whom he considered Canonical Bishop of that See . Ken was earnest in his refusal , and as earnest in his entreaties to Hooper

. r to accept it He now resigned his Deane y , and devoted himself to the care of his

Diocese , which he governed until his death

6th 1 2 . on the of September , 7 7 He was buried in Wells Cathedral , near to his wife , whom he survived one year . It is said that he refused the Bishopric of London on the death of Compton , and the Archbishopric of York on the death of Sharp .

The High Church and Low Church question in his day occupied his attention , and he complained of the invidious distinction which the terms occasioned , and of the

1 68 2 enmity produced thereby . About he had written , at the request of Bishop Compton , 1 46 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

“ The Church of England free from the

Imputation of Popery , which he reprinted

1 1 6 in 7 , and gave to his clergy at his visita tion in the following year . Besides this he wrote several other treatise s and sermons , which were collected and published

1 in 75 7. His pruden t and liberal behaviour to the clergy and laity of his diocese secured their esteem . While he confined his prefer ments to the clergy who were directly under him , his disposal of them was judicious and l free from pa r tia itv . His regulations of official proceedings were remarkable : n o tedious form alities protracted business ; no ” imperious officers insulted the clergy .

’ Dr . Busby s opinion of Hooper has been already given , and this opinion has been endorsed by Dr . Correy who knew him well .

Yet Burnet , speaking of Hooper when he was Prolocutor to the Lower House of Convoca tion , says he was a man of learn ing and

u v good cond ct hitherto , but was reser ed ,

: crafty , and ambitious his Deanery had not softened him , for he thought he deserved to be raised hig her . A more modern writer is

XIII .

GEORGE STANHOPE .

- 1 2 1 704 7 8 .

: TEN ISON A E Archbishops , W K .

G EOR GE STAN H OPE was a son of Thomas

Stanhope , rector of Hartshorne , Derbyshire ,

’ vicar of S . Margaret s , Leicester , and chaplain to the Earls of Chesterﬁeld and

Clare The grandfather of George , Dr .

George Hooper , was Precentor of York and

Chaplain to James I . and his son Charles ,

and rector of Wheldrake , Yorkshire . On

account of his loyalty to Charles I . he was

deprived of all his preferments , and , accord

’ ing to his g randson s statement , was driven

GEOR GE STAN HOPE. 149

from his home with eleven children . He

1 died in 644 .

George Stanhope was born at Harts

th 1 660 horne on the 5 of March , , and was ,

d ue in course , sent to school at Uppingham , from which he was removed to another m school at Leicester , and fro Leicester he went to Eton , from which he was elected

’ on the foundation of King s College , Cam

in 1 6 1 68 1 bridge , 77. In he graduated

B . . . A . , and four years later proceeded M A

He was then ordained , but remained at the

University until 1 68 8 . In his youth he had given promise of great abilities , and at Cambridge he acquired a valuable stock of learn ing which he carefully employed in his after life . Of French , Latin , Greek and

Hebrew , his knowledge was extensive .

During the time he was at Cambridge , and after his ordination , he ofﬁciated at the church of Quy , near to that place . In 1 68 8 , the year in which he left the

- University , he was Vice Proctor ; in the same year he was presented to the rectory

1 68 of Tewin in Hertfordshire ; and in 9 ,

Lord Dartmouth , to whom he was chaplain , 150 D EAN OF CAN TERB R S U Y. as well as tutor to his son , presented him to the V icarage of Lewisham . Shortly after wards he was appointed Chaplain to William

a and Mary , an appointment which he lso

1 held under Queen An ne . In 69 7 he took D D the degree of . . , having on the preceding Sunday preached the commencement sermon on the perfection and sufﬁciency of the

Bible . This sermon was published with

1 2 others in 7 7, and its closing words will be sufﬁcient to give an idea of the style which prevailed when the sermon was de

: livered O welcome , therefore , holy religion to us d ark wretched mortals "VVe l come , thou blest , thou powerful book ; pure and clear , as the place from whence thou w comest ; and ise and good , like Him whose Spirit formed thee . And may this be ever ﬁrst and best in our esteem ; most

ou r in thoughts , our studies , and desires ; may this be writ entire , and fairly copied , not in our memories only , but our hearts , and thence shine brig ht in our conversation .

And reason good there is , why this divine volume should ha ve the choicest of all our labours ; for this will sanctify our other studies , enlarge our understandings , reﬁne

15 2 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR 2:

already stated , held by Tillotson and Sharp , of whom Stanhope was a worthy successor , and he continued to maintain its reputation

1 0 8 . until 7 , when he resigned

As Dean of Canterbury he had a place in the Lower House of Convocation , where he took his seat when the Upper and Lower

Houses were in bitter conflict . As a man of peace , a friend of Robert Nelson on one

a n d u side of B rnet on the other, Stanhope was proposed by the moderate party as

1 0 Prolocutor in 7 5 , but was defeated by a

Bin cke s . C . high hurchman , Dr William After Atterbury’ s promotion to the See of

Rochester , Stanhope succeeded him as Prolo c a tor and was afterwards elected twice . In

’ 1 71 4 Dr . Samuel Clarke s Arian doctrine was censured ; and three years later the

’ Lower House a lso censured Bishop Hoadly s

sermon , preached before the King , and

a published by royal comm nd . To prevent this matter from going to the Upper House

o Convocation was suddenly pr rog ued . From

that time it was summoned at intervals , but

at each meeting was again prorogued . At one of these prorogations Stanhope broke N GEOR GE STA HOPE. 153

Te n iso n up the meeting in order to preven t ,

Archdeacon of Carmarthen , reading a pro testation in favour of Bishop Hoadly . Probably in consequence of this act Stan hope was deprived of the Royal Chaplaincy which he had held from the beginning of

u the reign of George 1 . His cond ct was fatal to Convocation ; for , from this date , it remained in abeyance until 1 8 5 2 - in the province of Can terbury , and in York un til

1 8 61 .

Stanhope was one of the great preachers of his time . He preached twice before

’

. 1 06 Queen Anne at S Paul s , once in 7 at the thanksgivi n g for the Battle of

1 Ramilies ; and again in 71 0 .

A s Dean of Canterbury he was regular in his attendance at Chapter Meetings , and watched over his Cathedral with much care .

True , matters there were not all that could be desired ; non - residence among the Canons had increased to such a degree that it was found necessary to insist upon the presence of two Minor Canons at the Sunday morning services to ensure the due perfo rmance of divine service and the administration of the 1 D E N S OF CAN TER B R 5 4 A U Y.

Holy Communion . This is not surprising . Te n ison was Archdeacon of Carmarthen and Prebendary of Lichﬁeld ; Finch was Canon of York and rector of Wigan ; Bowers was Archdeacon of Canterbury and Bishop of Chichester ; Syd all held two rectories as well as the mastership of two hospitals ;

’ o Hancock was rect r of S . Martin s , Lothbury , and Chaplain to the D uke of Bedford ; Wake was rector of W hetha msted and Prebendary of Lincoln ; Bradshaw was rector of Fawley , Hampshire Holcombe held only his Canonry here ; G ra n dorg e was Fello w of Magdalen

’ College , Oxford , when he died ; De L angle was rector of Charth a m ; Blome r was rector l of All Ha lows , Lombard Street , and of

-on - - Horndon the Hill , Essex ; and Wilkins A was Chaplain to rchbishop Wake , rector

Idle i h of Hadleigh and Monks g , and Arch deacon of Suffolk . There was but one Canon who held no preferment in addition to his

Canonry of Canterbury .

In 1 724 the Duke of Grafton addressed A a letter to the rchbishop , calling attention to the fact that Royal Chaplains in ordinary omitted the greater part of their Cathedral

EA N 156 D NS OF CA TER B UR Y. delightful to all who came into contact with him . To the misfortunes of others he was ﬂ ever attentive , and his words to the af icted or distressed gave consolation and improve

u men t to the nderstanding . His merits generally entitle him to a high position in the English Church . He died at Bath on

1 8 1 28 the th of March , 7 , and was buried in Lewisham church on the 29 th of the same month .

He was married twice ; his ﬁrst wi fe was Olivia , daughter of Charles Cotton , of

Beresford in Staffordshire , by whom he had one son , who died before his father , and

d 1 0 . ﬁve daug hters . His ﬁrst wife ied in 7 7

His second wife was Ann Parker , half sister of Sir Charles Wager . She survived the

d 1 0 . Dean , and ied in 73

e 1 1 8 In Nov mber , 7 , Dean Stanhope

c o mplained to his Chapter of having been insulted and molested at one o ’ clock in the

morning , as well as threatened , by Sir R ichard Head and George Lee , and it was agreed that the g ates of the Precincts should be shut at ten o ’ clock to prevent future irregularities at an assembly for dancing : GEOR GE TAN H S OPE . 1 57

In December Edmond Hardres was sent for by the Chapter, and informed that assemblies for dancing at his house had given offence . He was pressed to promise

w a n not to allo y repetition of such meetings , but he excused himself by pleading that

n that busi ess belonged to his wife . In the evening of the same day Mrs . Hardres

fo r appeared , and requested leave a meeting to be held next day . Her request was

“ ’ acceded to for this time , but only on condition that the assembly should break

’ u p at eleven o clock , and that n o more

I he l meetings of this sort be d .

In 1 705 it was decided that the Choir of the Cathedral should be p e wed after the

’

. 1 2 man ner of S . Paul s In 7 6 various bells

re - of the Cathedral were ordered to be cast , and the entry in the Chapter Minute Book under August 3 rd clears up an interesting

a point which has puzzled c mpanolog ists . On the date mentioned it was “ Agreed that a new ring of eight bells be made out of the six bells in the Arundel Steeple , saving that the treble bell of the Arundel steeple ring

a i l A cta C p tu i . 1 D EAN S OF A T 5 8 C N ERB UR Y. shall be removed up into the place of Bell

- Harry , and that Bell Harry shall be cast int o the n ew ring ; the tenor of w hich new “ ring is to be Ela mi-Flat or D Sol re ” pitch . Samuel Knight , the founder , pro poses to complete the eight new bells for The new bells were to be hung in the Arundel steeple (the North -Western tower) and the bells there were to be sold , a n d the money arising from the sale was to be spent in repairing the windows and walls of the South side of the nave . From

- this it appears that the original Bell Harry , said to have been given by Henry VIII . and to have been brought from France , was

1 26 sold in 7 , and the presen t bell of that

1 6 name , cast by Joseph Hatch in 3 5 , put in its place .

One other ite m from the Chapter Minute

Book may be here given . At the S .

. 2 th 1 26 Katharine Chapter, Nov 5 , 7 , it was

T n i 2 . e son 0 agreed to pay Dr g , in the name of the Dean and Chapter , towards the charge of the Arabic New Testament .

A a i tuli cta C p .

D EA N S OE CA N TER B R 160 U Y.

gave him the living of S . Bennet in Cam

1 0 2 bridge , where he remained until 7 , when , on being appointed chaplain to Archbisho p

Te n ison . , he resigned At the same time the Archbishop collated him to the V icarage of Biddenden , upon which he relinquished his Fellowship . In 1 704 he was collated to the rectory of Ivychurch , when he gave up

1 0 Biddenden . In 7 5 he obtained the degree

D . 1 0 of D . In 7 7 the same Archbishop collated him to the rectory of Great Monge ham , which he held by dispensation with

Ivychurch until 1 73 0 . In July of 1 70 7 his patron again advanced him , this time to a

Canonry in Canterbury Cathedral .

In 1 71 0 he was elected Procto r in Convocation for the clergy of the diocese of

C a nterbury ; a n d was a ppointed a member of the joint committee of both houses of

Convocation , who were ordered to prepare a Representation of the present state of

’ religion , which was to be presented to the

Queen . This Representation was called

’ forth by the appearance of William Whiston s Historical Preface to Pr imitive Christian ” ity , which it was asserted , was offensive to

S ELI A S YDAL L . 0 1 T face 59 .

ELIA YDA L S S L . 161 churchmen The compositio n of the Re presentation fell to Atterbury , who set to work i n his usual style to expose the evils of the day , and to denounce all who dissented from the Church of England ; while those who sympathised with Whiston were a ccused as the determined enemies of all religion and goodness . This Representation the Upper House would not accept , and the Archbishop gave his opin ion that there were great difﬁculties in the way of cen

’ Whiston s suring book , or condemn ing the author . The case was referred to the

a judges , of whom eight held that Convoc tion had jurisdiction in cases of heresy ; the other four held the contrary O pin ion . The Bishops therefore took up the question of the boo k alone ; Arian and heretical propo sition s were extracted from it , and were sent down to the Lower House ; and Atterbury and his friends again brought the matter

r e before the Queen , but no answer was turned . At last the ﬁnal deputation , which waited upon Her Majesty , was told the paper

e n d I had been lost ; and so the business e d .

S o 1 - o . R l . A an h e . 80 8 . t ught n e unde r nne d t e Georg s . 3 D EAN OF A N TER B UR 1 62 S C Y.

In 1 71 1 Sydall was appointed Master

’ of S . John s Hospital , Canterbury , and h l t e . Ha rb e of Hospital of S Nicholas ,

1 1 down . In 7 6 he became Chaplain to the

King . On the death of Dean Stanhope he D was promoted to the eanery of Canterbury ,

28 th and was installed on the of April ,

1 2 7 8 .

He was consecrated Bishop of S .

’ i 1 1 David s in Apr l , 73 , and was translated to the See of Gloucester in the same year ,

r but he retained his Deane y until his death ,

2 th which occurred on the 4 of December , I 7SS During his lifetime he published six

: m sermons a consecration ser on , preached in 1 70 6 ; a sermon on fasting ; one preached on the anniversary of the accession of

I n George . ; a vindication of the E glish clergy from the imputation of preaching up themselves (two sermons) ; and one on

Popery .

He is said to have been a man of real

I wor th , and Whiston has recorded that

1 A 11 o . be En . an d I s B b y . g C . t ish ps

164 D EANS OF CA N TERB UR Y.

and for wainscotting our chancel as far as the Bishop ’ s Throne on one side and the wainscott of the choir on the other ” side , was approved by the Chapter .

dall Dr . Sy married the only daughter

D ee de s of William , a physician of Canter bury , but died without issue . The Dean

’ was buried in the chancel of S . James s

o church , Westminster , and his wid w , who

1 8 died in 75 , was interred in the same place .

J OH N LYN C H . ’ 1 6 h u f p 5 .

JO H N LYNC H .

1 —1 73 4 76o .

: A E OTTER ER R IN G Archbishops W K , P , H ,

UTTON EC ER . H , S K

J O HN LYN CH had been acquainted with

Canterbury from his boyhood . He was born of a family long residen t in Kent , one of his ancestors having founded the Grammar

School of Cranbrook . This ancestor pur

a n chased estate at Staple in this county , and there the future Dean was born in

1 6 . December , 9 7 His father , John Lynch , was High Sheriff of Kent when Queen

Anne died , and it was he who proclaimed 1 66 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

I. George , and received him at the head of the gentlemen of the coun ty on his a rrival in Englan d .

John Lynch , the fourth , but eldest surviving son of the preceding , was educated

’ at the King s School , Canterbury , at which he continued until he was seventeen years

’ old , and then removed to S . John s College , B A . Cambridge , where he graduated in

1 1 . . 1 2 1 7 7, and proceeded M A in 7 , in which year he was ordained deacon . His entering into Holy Orders was contrary to the wishes of his father ; but preferment was soon forth

- coming , for in his twenty sixth year, Arch bishop VVake collated him to the rectory of

. o All Hallows , Bread Street , and S J hn the

. S Evangelist in London When Dr . yd all was promoted to the Deanery of Canterbury the Archbishop bestowed on Lynch the vacant Stall in his Cathedral . This was in

1 28 7 , in which year he took the degree

D . of D .

I n the same year he married Mary, third daughter of Archbishop Wake , which probably accounts for the preferments showered on Lynch both before and after

D EAN OF AN TERB R 1 68 S C U Y.

fair to say that , according to Todd , there was no emolumen t attached to the ofﬁce . Lynch retained both Masterships until

1 744 , when they were bestowed upon

Thomas Lamprey , a Minor Canon of

Canterbury Cathedral .

S dall 1 Bishop y died in December , 73 3 , and the Deanery of Canterbury became

1 . vacan t . In January , 73 4 , Dr Lynch was

’ S d a ll s nominated as y successor , and was installed on the 1 8 th of the same month . For three years his residence as Dean wa s irregular . The health of the Archbishop

-in was failing , and the presence of his son l aw at Lambeth was required until that

’ 1 prelate s death in 73 7. Lynch had , in the meantime , been made Treasurer of

1 Salisbury Cathedral in 73 5 . After the death of the Archbishop , he divided his time chieﬂy betwee n Canterbury and Staple ; “ and as he was distinguished no less for his hospitality , than for his agreeable con versation , his company was much solicited , a n d his social qualities were greatly esteemed ” n e i hbo u rhoo I by a large and polite g d .

’ To L ves 21 . dd s i , p . 5 OHN z YN 7 CH . 1 69

No doubt : but this praise says little for the manner in which he discharged his duties as Dean of the Metropolitical Church .

His attachmen t to the laws and consti tution of the country , as may easily be imagined , was earnest , and made him contribute by his purse and inﬂuence to their maintenance ; while by his sermons and his conversation he was not slow to expose the dangers to be feared from Popery . In 1 74 7 he was appointed Prolocutor of the Lower House of Convocation ; an empty appointment , seeing that Convocation had

s ceased to exi t for some years . But it gave him the opportunity of presenting an address to the King on the Peace of Aix la

Chapelle .

Archbishop W'ake was succeeded in the

a Primacy by Potter . Potter died of poplexy

t 1 0th 1 on Oc ober , 74 7, and was succeeded by Thomas Herring in the same year . The Dean and the new Archbishop had been w acquainted ith each other at the University, and this earlier acquaintance now ripened into friendship . Archbishop Herring d ied D EA N OF AN TER B R 1 70 S C U Y.

1 1 on March 3 th , 75 7, and soon after the “ a De n was seized with paralysis , which left ” the animal , but destroyed the man . As he was by this calamity rendered incapable of performing his duties , he obtained a dispensation from the King to excuse him from all duty . He remained at the Deanery ,

1 60 where he lingered until May , 7 , when he died , and was buried at Staple .

Todd gives him the character of a charitable man , and says he was much admired as a preacher . He published only

1 one sermon , which was delivered in 73 5 before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel . He left two sons , Sir William

1 8 Lynch , who died in 7 5 ; and John Lynch ,

a n d Canon Archdeacon of Canterbury , and rector of S . D ionis Backchurch .

In 1 73 7 the minister of the Walloon cong regation , Canterbury , stated before the Dean and Chapter that an inundation had ﬂowed into their place of worship in the

Cathedral Crypt , and that the said con

re atio n g g was unable to assemble there .

The minister , Mr . Forestier , desired to

1 72 D EAN S OE CAN TERB UR Y.

8 0 . Organ , £4 In the same year it was decided to remove the iron rails which then divided the nave from the other parts of

se t m the church , and to the up again in the two porches with as little alteration as need be .

1 In 75 5 Philip Weston , of Bostock , left forty marks to the Altar of the Cathedral . In the next year this money was ordered to be spent on the purchase of two patens for bread to be used in a dm i n ISte rmg the

Holy Sacrament . These patens are still in use . On each is inscribed the name of the donor , but there is no date .

During Dean Lynch ’ s time we have proofs of many charitable acts performed

1 by the Chapter . Thus , in 75 5 , it was a greed that the Dean an d such Canons as might be present should be authorized to use any sum not exceeding £3 00 in case of any public distress or calamity that may

happen before the next Chapter meeting .

: But Lynch had his troubles Mr . Talbot ,

’ Master of the King s School , was one , and he , after a time , resigned . Choir boys l H 9 0 z YN C . 173 were dismissed for ill behaviour in church ; “ and three were expelled for stealin g lead and other high crimes .

In 1 75 9 our Treasurer ordered to ‘ ’ send for the Ga z et te an d L loy d s Cﬁr omkle for the use of the members of the Church . WILLIAM F REIND .

1 760 1 766.

E Archbishop S C KER .

WILL IA M FR EIN D was the son of Dr .

Fre in d Robert , Head Master of Westminster

1 1 School . He was born in the year 7 5 , and was admitted a Scholar at Westminster

1 2 in 7 7, and four years later was elected to

Christ Church , Oxford , where he took his

B A 1 8 . . degree , and proceeded M . A . in 73 He d id n o t continue his studentship at the

University ; for his father , who was rector

of Witney in Oxfordshire , designed him

\ V1 LL IA M F R EIN D .

‘ c t’ 1 To f a ﬁ. 74 .

1 76 D EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y. i n stalled Dean of Canterbury on the 1 4 th of

1 60 . June , 7

’ Dean Fr e in d s career at Canterbury was

n u as u eventf l as it was brief. He seems to have left no record of his life in his

Cathedral city , beyond the fact that he was very fond of music , and that concerts were frequently given at the Deanery, while he resided there . The proceedings of the

Chapter , as recorded in their Minute Book ,

n o w are utterly without interest , except that in 1 761 they record a subscription of two guineas a year to the Rev . Mr . Kennicott towards carrying out his collation of the

Hebrew MSS . of the Old Testament . It may be quite true that few Deans have

F r in . e d been more esteemed than Dr ; that , as a scholar and a gentleman , his attain ments were eminent ; that , as a divine , his conduct was exemplary ; but why was he made Dean of Canterbu ry ? His eminent attainments found ven t in print in the form

a n d C of two sermons , a opy of verses on the marriage of the Prince of Orange with

. t Anne , daughter of George II , and no hing more . [VILLIAJ I FR EIzVD . 1 77

He was Chaplai n in Ordinary to

George I . and George II . , and Prolocutor of the Lower House of Convocation in 1 761 .

He married a sister of Richard Robinson , successively Bishop of Killala , Ferns and

Kildare , and Archbishop of Armagh . He

26th 1 66 died on the of November , 7 , and was buried in Witney church . He left three sons and one daughter . xvn .

JO HN POTTER .

1 — 766 1 77o .

: OR N W AL L I Archbishop C S .

J OH N PO TTER succeeded D ean Fr e in d at

o Canterbury . Dr . J hn Potter , father of the new Dean , was consecrated Bishop of Oxford

1 1 in 7 5 , and on the death of Archbishop

Wake , was translated to Canterbury . He thus attained a position which enabled him to confer favours on his son .

The Dean was Bishop Potter’ s eldest

1 1 son , and was born in 7 3 . He received , it is said , a private education , and was

J OH N PO TTER . ' u a r e 5 1 8 / [ 1 . 7

1 EAN B 80 D S OF CAN TER UR Y.

1 0 of September , 77 , and was buried in the

’ Dean s Chapel at Canterbury .

He married early in life and against the wishes of his father, who did not make him his heir .

D r . Potter was a man of no mark whatever . He owed all the preferment he

’ in received to his father , or his father s

ﬂu e n c e mu n iﬁce n tl ; and he , having y pro

’ v ide d of for him out the Church s revenues , could , with an easy conscience , afford to disinherit him .

1 6 Ml ne In 7 7 it was decided that one y ,

a an rchitect , should come to Canterbury to

a m ke an exact survey of the Cathedral , and give an account in writing of all repairs

Mln . e n ecessary y came , but apparently did

1 0 little or nothing ; for in 77 , Potter being

’ v still Dean , the architect s ser ices were dis continued ; the survey was found to be unnecessary .

XVIII .

H BROWNLOW NORT . — 1 77o 1 771 .

: O R N WAL L I Archbishop C S .

THE ON OUR AB L E B R O W N L ow O R TH H N , youngest son of Francis , Earl of Guilford ,

1 2 was born in 74 , and was educated at

Trinity College , Oxford . He graduated

B A . 1 62 . . in 7 , and took his M A degree

1 from All Souls College in 1 766. In 768 he was made a Canon of Christ Church ,

1 0 . . . Oxford , and in 77 became D C L

He was installed Dean of Canterbury

th 1 0 the on the 9 of October , 77 , and in 2 D EA N S OF TE 1 8 CA N RB UR Y. next year was consecrated Bishop of Lich

ﬂ l 1 e d and Coventry . In 774 he was trans

1 1 lated to the See of Worcester , and in 78 to that of Winchester, and became Prelate of the Most Noble Order of the Garter .

As a Bishop he belonged rather to the ornamental order . By an easy road , he entered upon the episcopal ofﬁ ce at the early age of thirty , when his elder brother ,

Lord North , was Prime Minister . Little can be said of him except that he was an honourable English gentleman , digniﬁed and courteous , amiable and generous . He did not aspire to anything beyond this . He was of a retiring disposition , and took little or n o part in political life . He has been commended for having discharged the duties of his diocese with zeal ; but this praise he hardly deserved , as he was absent for years in Contin e ntal travel . He was liberal in his contribution to charitable institutions , especially for the poorer clergy , and this he could well afford to be , for in addition to his episcopal revenues and his private

income , certainly while he was Bishop of

H o f R e on n e A n d h G e - S o o , . e a t e eo . . 26 2 t ught n ist ligi u d r nn rg s ii 7.

rx x .

JOHN MOORE .

1 771

Archbishop : C OR N WA LL IS .

O HN O OR E J M , who held the Deanery of

n Ca terbury for four y ears , was the son of

Thomas Moore of Gloucester , and was born in 1 73 0 . He was educated at Pembroke B A . College , Oxford , where he graduated

1 8 . . 1 1 in 74 , M A in 75 , and took the

D 1 B D D . 6 degrees of . . and . in 7 3 , when f he became Canon of Christ Church , Ox ord . Two years before this he had been pro moted to a Prebendal Stall in Durham

1 6 r Cathedral . In 7 9 the recto y of Ryton J O HN M OO R E.

V / E . J 8 7OH OOR . 1 5 in the county of Durham was conferred upon him .

On the elevation of Brownlow North to the Episcopate , D r. Moore was promoted to the Deanery of Canterbury , in which he

20th was installed on the of September ,

1 1 771 . In 775 he was consecrated Bishop of Bangor , and on the death of Archbishop

Cornwallis , was translated to Canterbury ,

f e to u after the Primacy had been of er d H rd ,

Bishop of Worcester , and to Lowth , Bishop of London . Hurd preferred the quietness of

Worcester , and Lowth , who was almost dying , recommended Moore .

In earlier life the n e w Dean had been tutor in the house of the Duke of Marl borough , and , in the absence of any a pparent qualiﬁcations for so exalted a position , rumour was busy with stories of the manner in which the Marlborough inﬂuence had been used to secure Moore ’ s

m a promotion . In these rumours there y have

’ been some truth ; and the Duke s r e co m m e n dation may have carried some weight ; for he was intimate with Shelburne the EA N 1 86 D S OF CA N TER B UR Y.

who Prime Minister of the day , would hardly be likely to disregard altogether the wishes of Marlborough .

Moore ’ s Archiepiscopate was far from being a notable one . He was a worthy man , of a religious turn of mind and of businesslike habits , but in nowise remarkable . He took a warm interest in the religious and philan thropical movements which were prominent in his day , and , besides being an earnest

c o - O supporter of Sunday schools , perated with Wilberforce in his efforts to promote a r n eformatio of manners at home , to improve the condition of the natives of India , and on

I behalf of the n egroes of B a rb ad oes . He

1 8 th 1 8 0 . d ied on the of January , 5

’ u Moore s ten re of ofﬁce , as Dean and

Archbishop , was uneventful . Church life

of England at that time was at a low ebb , and he did n othing to revive it , and passed away leaving little more than a name in the list of Deans and Archbishops .

H o f En - A e . . . h i i . 8 C . 20 bb y ist g 7 .

V J A M ES C O R N V A LLIS .

1 8 . To f ace 72. 7

EA N S OF A N TER B UR 1 88 D C Y.

College , from which he took his M . A .

1 degree in 766.

On ceasing to reside at Oxford he entered as a member of the Temple , with the intention of practising at the bar ; but his

an d uncle advised him to alter his mind ,

e ccl si he was ordained . He commenced his e a stic al career as chaplain to Lord Townsend ,

1 then Lord Lieutenan t of Ireland . In 769 the Archbishop collated him to the rectory of Ickham in Ken t , and in the following year the same patron bestowed u pon him the rectory of Adisham . Being the son of m an Earl , he was at the sa e time made a

Prebendary of Westminster, and rector of

’ Newington in Oxfordshire . The uncle s

1 1 generosity was not yet exhausted , so in 77 he collated his nephew to the rectory of

Wrotham in Kent , upon which he resigned

Six Ickham and Adisham , but mon ths later

dis en was again inducted to Ickham , a p sation having been granted to allow him to

ha hold \Vrot m and Ickham . But Ickham

was again resigned , this time that he might

take the living of Boughton Malherbe , which

he held until 1 779 . AJ IES OR N A LU 7 C W S. 13 9

On his promotion from Westminster to the Deanery of Canterbu ry he took the degree of D . C . L . He was installed Dean

2 th 1 on the 9 of April , 775 . With his Deanery he kept Boughton Malherbe until

1 1 8 1 779 , and Wrotham until 7 , when he was consecrated Bishop of Lichﬁeld and

Coventry . On the translation of Bishop

1 1 Douglas from Carlisle to Salisbury in 79 , the Deanery of Windsor , which Bishop

Douglas had held , was conferred upon

Lichﬁeld Cornwallis , Bishop of , and he held

u 1 it ntil 794 , when he exchanged it for the

Deanery of Durham . This and his Bishop ric he held until his death . He died at

1 8 2 Richmond , Surrey , in 4 , and was buried in Lichﬁe ld Cathedral .

In 1 8 23 the second Marquis Cornwallis e i di d , and the title becoming ext nct , the

Earldom reverted to James Cornwallis , late

Dean of Canterbury .

1 1 Cornwallis married in 77 Catharine , daughter of Geoffrey Mann of Boughton

Malherbe , by whom he had two daughters and one son , James , who succeeded to the title of Earl Cornwallis . XXI .

GEORGE HORNE .

1 1 —1 78 790 .

Archbishop M O OR E .

EOR GE O R N E G H was born at Otham ,

1 0 in Kent , in 73 , and was baptized there

1 t on the s of November in that year . His

was . father the Rev Samuel Horne , rector of Otham , who had been for some years a Tutor at Oxford University . He was a

man of an independen t mind , and used to say he would rather be a toad -eater to a

u mo ntebank , than ﬂatter any great man

against his conscience . He was rector of

1 Otham from 1 727 until his death in 768 .

MOOR E.

was bor i n am n Oth , was bmﬁz ed there h

is tha t yea r . H

i v He Was a

great man rector 01

1 in 768 . G G EO R E HO R N E. 70 fru t’

E N 1 92 D A S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

sen t to Maidstone , and placed under the

D od a l . e tus Rev Bye , Master of the Gram mar School there , and a man well learned

n d a w. in Latin , Greek Hebre When Bye examined his new scholar , he gave an opinion that the boy was more ﬁt to go from school than to come to one . At

Maidstone , George Horne remained two

’ o f le a rn in years , adding to his stock g and obtaining an element a ry knowledge of

Hebrew , which was of service to him after wards . When little more than ﬁfteen h e was admitted at Un iversity College , Oxford , having obtained a Scholarship from his

1 m school . In 74 9 Ho e took his degree

B . A . of , and in the following year was elected Fellow of Magdalen College , Oxford , under very gratifying circumstances . At this time the Kentish Fellowship became vacan t , and there was no Scholar of Magdalen from

Kent . The Senior Fellow of Un iversity

College , hearing of this , wen t to Magdalen

College , and told the Fellows there what an extraordinary young man they might ﬁnd at his own College , and recommended them

1 To B e e e e o of O e e he n o t n e dd says y had b n r ct r tt rd n , but was i duct d 8 H o 1 . e e e v in the e e to that re ct ry until 74 r sign d that li ing sam y ar . E GEOR G H OR N E. 1 93

to accept Horne . To this they agreed , and

George Horne , when only twenty years old , was Fellow of Magdalen College . He had previously become acquainted with Jones of Nayland , afterwards his chaplain and biographer , with Charles Jenkinson , after

of wards Earl Liverpool , and with Moore , afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury . Before he graduated he was deeply engaged in the study of poetry , history , philosophy and the Greek tragedians ; but soon became prominen t among a set of men who adhered on many points to the O pinions of Hutchinson . To these men the Bible , rightly studied , was the sum of all human knowledge , and they doubted whether the philosophy of Sir Isaac Newton were war ranted b v the Scriptures : the very name of natural religion was hateful to them . In 1 75 0 Hom e attracted considerable attention by his advocacy of the views held by

Hutchinson , and in the next year attacked

’ Newton s system , and published his remarks anonymously .

1 2 . In 75 he proceeded M . A , and , enter ing into a controversy on the subject of M 194 DEANS OF CAN TER B UR Y.

the Cherubim , fairly commenced a literary career which continued until nearly the end

x of his life . In the ne t year he was ordained , and preached his ﬁrst sermon at

Findon , Northamptonshire , of which parish

Athou h his friend Jones was curate . g he soon obtained the reputation of being the best preacher in England , he n either sought nor received any preferment ; probably be cause he loved the life of the Un iversity ,

and had no wish to leave it .

1 6 D . D . In 7 4 he took the degree of , four years later he was elected Presiden t

of his College , and soon after published his “ Considerations on the Life and Death of “ S . John the Baptist . These Considera tions ” had been delivered before the

o f members the University on S . John the Baptist ’ s Day from a stone pulpit which

then stood in the quadrangle of Magdalen , and was on that day decked round with

green boughs , that the preaching might more nearly resemble that of John in the

1 1 wilderness . In 77 he was appointed Chap

lain to the King , an appointment which he

n retai ed until his promotion to Canterbury .

196 D EAN S OF CAN TERBUR y _ either as a writer of pamphlets or of sermons ; but in 1 776 appeared his great “ work , A Commentary on the Psalms , on which he had been engaged for twenty years . The labour bestowed upon this work is said to have been prodigious ; his reading for many years was principally devoted to this subject ; and his study and meditation together produced as ﬁne a work , and as

ﬁnely written , as most in the English

‘ language . The work attained an immense

u popularity . The Introd ction to it by its tender beau ty continues to inspire admiration in the minds of many unprepared to accept

2 his comments .

After his promotion to the Deanery his time was divided between Oxford and Can te rbu ry ; at Oxford he was beloved a s the amiable President of Magdalen ; at Canterbury as the friendly and hospitable Dean ; he was always ready to assist by preaching or otherwise on public occasions . The opening of a new organ in his Cathedral , the institution and advancement of Sunday

1 Me o e . o . 1 21 . J n s m irs , p

1 S o o . R el . e A e e tc . 11 62 t ught n und r nn , , , . GEOR GE H OR N E . 1 97

’ schools , the yearly meeting of old King s Scholars and Archiepiscopal visitations gave him ample opportunities for displaying his taste in music , pleading the cause of poor children , contending for the Christian faith , and gratifying the public by his talents as a preacher .

’ Dr . Horne s stay at Canterbury wa s

Short . The See of Norwich was vacant by the translation of Dr . Lewis Bagot to

S . Asaph , and the Dean of Canterbury was

con se nominated his successor . He was

th 1 1 crated at Lambeth on the 7 of June , 79 , when he resigned not only his Deanery but d also his Mastership of Mag alen College ,

u and took p his residence at Norwich . His residence there was only for a very brief

a period . His health was r pidly failing , and he was advised to proceed to Bath , to which place he had previously paid two visits and received beneﬁt . The third journey had w been deferred too long , for hile on the road he was seized with paralysis . He reached Bath , but the end was near . For several days he had been unable clearly to

but express himself, the day before his EA N S OF N TE R 198 D CA R B U Y. death he joined in the prayers that were

’ read in his room , and repeated the Lord s Prayer with as much composure as ever he did in his life . After that he received the Sacrament with the various members of his family , and when it was over exclaimed

“ ” 1 Now am I blessed indeed . He died on

1 th 1 2 the 7 of January , 79 , and was buried

-in - in the family vault of his father law , in the churchyard of Eltham in Ken t .

In 1 768 Hom e married the only d a ughter of Philip Burton and by her had three daughters . His wife survived him .

f At the opening of the Radclif e Library ,

Oxford , it was said that when all were assembled , there was not then a more handsome young man in the Theatre . He “ S was above the middle ize , Todd tells

n ot us , but he was of a strong and museu

- lar constitution . He was near sighted , and helpless withou t the use of g lasses . Athletic amusements ga ve him more trouble than “ they were worth . It was of service to his mind , that he was no ﬁsherman , no shooter, l n o hunter , no horseman ; the cu tivation of

1 M o 1 o e . e . . J n s m irs , p 97

EA N F N T 200 D S O CA ERB UR Y.

order was given to Messrs . White to r e

’ pave the Nave . The old incised stones were removed to the South West Transept , the m Chapter House and elsewhere , and any were destroyed ; the ancient raised tombs were also removed , and were never rebuilt . There seems to have been some misgiving about this work , for the Chapter paid White three guineas for mapping the stones and “ ma inscriptions in the church , and this p may still be seen suspended in the Cathedral

1 Library . In 78 7 the staircase from the Baptistery to the Sermon House was ordered

i to be walled up , and the pa nted glass was taken from the same Sermon House , and placed in the West window of the Nave . In 1 78 8 there was a gleam of better things ;

a n d music by Pett , Ebden , Webb Boyce

‘ was bought for use in the Cathedral .

1 A a ituli cta C p .

E B U L L R . a ' 2 f u p . 0 1 .

XXII .

WILLIAM BULLER .

1 - 1 2 790 79 .

: O E Archbishop M OR .

IL L IA M UL L ER W B , fourth son of John

Francis Buller , of Morval , Cornwall , by d Rebecca , aughter of Sir Jonathan Trelawny ,

1 Bishop of Winchester , was born in 73 5 . d He was educated at Oriel College , Oxfor ,

B A . 1 . where he graduated in 75 7, M . A in

B D D . D . 1 1 . . 8 1 . 75 9 , and and in 7 In

1 60 A 7 he married nne , daughter of John

Thomas , Bishop of Winchester . The issue

s of thi marriage was three sons , William ,

Charles , and Richard .

1 e Ge r . Burke . Land d nt y ’ 202 D EAA S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

In 1 784 Dr . Buller was promoted to the Deanery of Exeter and to a Prebendal Stall in that Cathedral The Deanery of

w as 1 0 Canterbury conferred upon him in 79 , when he resigned his preferment at Exeter ; but two years later he was consecrated

Bishop of that See , and also accepted the

Archdeaconry of Exeter . Upon his elevation to the Episcopate he resigned the Deanery of Canterbury , but retained his Archdeaconry of Exeter until his death , which occurred h 1 2t 1 6. on the of December , 79

L LIO TT ER B ER W A K ER C O R N EW A L L FO H T L .

Tn 5 20 face 7. 3

204 D EA N S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

to add that Francis Walker , of Ferney Hall ,

Clungunford , Shropshire , was a grandson

S of Rebecca , another ister of Henry , Lord

Folliott , and that Walker bequeathed his

‘ rn ll estates to Dr . Co ewa .

’ He was educated at S . John s College ,

B A . Cambridge , where he graduated in

1 . . 1 80 777, and M A in 7 , an d became a

Fellow . In the same year , by the inﬂuence

W olfran of his second cousin , Charles

Co rn ewall , Speaker of the House of Com mons , he was appointed Chaplain to the

1 Commons . In 784 he was installed Canon of Windsor , and was made Master of

’

W i ston s 1 0 . g Hospital , Leicester, in 79 On

2 rd 1 the 3 of January , 793 , he was installed

Dean of Canterbury , and then resig ned his

1 Stall at Windsor . In 79 7 he was con se crated Bishop of Bristol , from which See he

1 8 0 was translated in 3 to that of Hereford . From Hereford he was translated to Wor

ste r 1 8 0 8 c e in , of which he remained Bishop until his death on the 5 th of

1 8 1 . was September , 3 He buried at Diddle bury .

1 Ma . . 2. Ge . nt g ci , part ’ EWALL 2 5 FOLLIOTT HERB ER T IVAL R ER C OR N . 0

He married Anne , daughter of the Hon . and Rev . Georg e Hamilton , Canon of

1 8 1 8 Windsor from 7 3 to 7 7, by whom he had two sons and one daughter .

He published a Sermon preached before the House of Com mons on the 3 oth of

1 8 2 January , 7 , and a Fast Sermon preached before the House of Lords in 1 79 8 .

He was an elegant scholar and a man

’ of polished manners . To Bishop Hurd s question “ What has raised him to this ?” dignity the an swer would be simple . He was nearly related to the Speaker, and had

‘ been Tutor to Lord Liverpool .

A h d B o 2. e . En . C . an 2 bb y g its ish ps , 7 XXIV .

THOMAS POWYS .

1 - 79 7 1 809 .

O O R E A N N ER S UTTON . Archbishops M , M S

H O MAS Pow v s T , son of Philip Powys , of Hardwick House , Oxfordshire , matri

’ c u late d . at S John s Colleg e , Oxford , on

2n d 1 the of July , 75 3 , being then sixteen

B A . 1 years old . He graduated in 75 7,

1 0 . and proceeded M . A . in 76 He was rector of Fawley, Buckinghamshire , and of

. 1 6 Silchester, Hampshire In 7 9 he was

made a Prebendary of Hereford , and in 1 779 was promoted to the Deanery of

1 Bristol . In 79 5 he took the degree of

A P W’ THOM S O YS . c 206 To fa e ﬁ. .

XXV .

GERRARD ANDREWES .

— 2 1 8 09 1 8 5 .

A r h i h A N N ER TT N c b s Op : M S S U O .

ER R A R D N D R EW ES G A , was the son of the Rev . Gerrard Andrewes , vicar of Syston and of S . Nicholas , Leicester . His mother was Isabella , daughter of John Ludlam of

Leicester, in which town young Gerrard

1 1 0 . was born on the 4th of April , 75 His father was also Master of the Grammar

School at Leicester , and there probably his

son received the rudimen ts of his education . In 1 764 the lad was elected to a Scholar

a t ship Westminster School , where he

U R ‘ D R A R U A L OU R IL ‘V 5 3 .

1 —1 809 8 25 .

A rchbishO : AN N ER p M S S UTTO N .

ER R AR D N D REW ES was 0 M G A , the 3 11 t he . re a Rev Gerrard And wes , vic r of 5 119 1011

md S o r o f . f c as e t . H n Ni hol , L ices er is

' i n lla I n

‘ 1 K I c 1 : W : 9 1 ”ﬂ a g Ge rra rd w: f r o 9 r use 1 . l H A r 1 . 1 p i , 75 0 is

r 13 0 Ma s ter of the Grammar

‘ Sc hoo a . l ei es te r an d o hi l , there pr bably s son rea med the u d ts f is d r imen o h e ucatio n .

‘ In 1 764 the lad was elec ted to a Schol a r ' a r We s m n s ter c ship t i S hool , where he

GER R D A J V E PVES AR D R . 209

1 6 remained until 7 9 , in which year he matriculated at Trinity College , Cambridge .

B A . 1 . 1 In 773 he graduated , and in 779 proceeded M . A .

The year before he graduated at Cam bri dge he returned to Westminster School as assistan t master , and remained there

1 8 . a n d until 7 4 After his ordination , while still engaged in his scholastic duties , he

’ was assistant preacher at S . Bride s church ,

Fleet Street , and was afterwards attached

’ to S . James s Chapel , Hampstead Road .

1 . In 78 0 he acted as chaplain to Sir E . C

Harto pp , then High Sheriff of Leicester .

1 8 8 In 7 his former pupil , Lord Barrington , presented him to the rectory of Zeal Mon a choru m v but in De onshire , , following the too common custom of the time , he appears to have enjoyed the emoluments arising from his b e n e ﬁce without residing upon I . n 1 1 it , or even near to it 79 he was appoin ted Preacher at the Magdalen , and in 1 79 9 held a similar position at the

Foundling Hospital . The next year Lady Talbot gave him the rectory of Mickleham

1 0 th near Dorking , and on the of August , 210 D EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

1 80 2 , Porteus , Bishop of London , collated him to the important rectory of S . James ,

Piccadilly .

In 1 8 09 Spencer Perceval nominated him to the Deanery of Canterbury , upon which he resigned the living of Mickleham . In 1 8 1 2 he was offered the Bishopric of

Chester, but this he declined on the plea of advancing age . He died at the rectory ,

2n d 1 8 2 Piccadilly , on the of June , 5 , and was buried at Great Bookham in Surrey .

1 8 8 In 7 he married Elizabeth Maria , daughter of the Rev . Thomas Ball , rector

of Wymondham , by whom he had one son

and three daughters .

In the pulpit he is said to have been

argumentative , but not conclusive ; a good

rather than a great preacher , and was often

‘ striking , but seldom moving .

1 e Ma x v 2 G nt . g . c . Part .

U HON . H GH PER CY . To face 1) 2 1 1 H UGH ER CY P , ﬁrs t Earl of Beve rl

r a daughte of Peter was born . i Londo n on the 29 th

W m sis ter tn Fra es u nc Julia B rrill ,

con n ectio ns. it was then only to be e x pec ted

refe rm o f l fe he 1 1 p i . choose

212 DEAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

degree at Trinity College , Cambridge , in

1 8 0 5 , and been ordained , he further ensured

1 80 6 his success in life by wedding , in ,

Mary , the eldest daug hter of Manners

Sutton , who had been raised to the Primacy after the death of Archbishop Moore . In 1 80 8 his father -in -law collated him to the rectory of Bish opsbourne and he was in

in . ducted the same year For some reason , not now apparent , he was inducted a second

1 80 time in 9 , and at the same time he was inducted to the rectory of Ivychurch , which

‘ he also received from Manners Sutton . In 1 8 1 0 he was appointed Chancellor and Pre

1 bendary of Exeter . In 8 1 2 he was installed

1 8 1 6 Chancellor of Salisbury , and in the A rchbishop conferred upon him a Canonry

r e in his own Cathedral , upon which he signed the positions he held a t Exeter . In the same year he was further promoted to

1 l e e - In ear ier tim s r signation and re induction were n ot unco mmon . The h olde r of a b en eﬁce above a c ertain value c ould n ot b ecom e a

if v e e e o ﬁ e he o . pluralist , but his li ing w r b l w a x d sum c uld

H e e the e v e e otTered he o e nc , if small r li ing w r , w uld , by arrang e e n the e for e an d et e to the m nt , r sig larg r, a tim , g induct d

e . T e a s the o e to a e e v small r h n , law all w d him cc pt a rich r li ing

in on to the oo e one he o b e e to additi p r r , w uld again induct d he had e e ho f It w as e that which r sign d s rtly be ore . a pitiabl

sln ft e e to e e him to e v e the . , m r ly nabl ad law H ON . H H ER 2 UG P C Y. 13 the enormously rich Stall of Finsbury at

’

. u S Paul s , which he held ntil his death .

In 1 8 22 he was appointed Archdeacon of Canterbury , when he resigned Bishops

1 8 2 bourne and Ivychurch , and in 5 became

2 Dean of Canterbury . In 1 8 7 he was consecrated Bishop of Rochester , but was , in the same year , translated to the See of

Carlisle , which he held until his death in

1 8 5 6.

While Dean of Canterbury he e n cou r aged the restoration o f the interior of the

an d Cathedral , devoted his time to a perso nal superintendence of the work . As a Bishop , though he fell far short of our own ideas of what a Bishop ought to do and to be , he was considered able and efﬁcient , and a new and better order of things began to stir the religious life of

a the diocese of Carlisle . This w s due in a measure to the inﬂuence of the Oxford movement , and to the fact that churchmen generally were tired of the old order , under which men of good position in life , but of o ordinary talents , practically had m nopolised

r u all the ewards the Ch rch had to give . F TE 214 D EAN S O CAN R B UR Y.

In 1 83 8 Percy established a Clergy Aid Society for his diocese ; an d in 1 8 5 5 a

D iocesan Education Society .

He is described as a genial specimen of a courtly country gentleman , a good judge of horses , and as being fond of farming . On his journeys to London to attend the House of Lords he used to drive his four horses himself, a feat which , I suspect , few of his episcopal successors in our days could perform even if they tried , and certainly would not attempt even if they had the opportun ity .

He died at Rose Castle on the 5 th of

1 8 6 February, 5 , and was buried in the

churchyard of Dalston in Cumberland .

By his ﬁrst wife he had three sons and

eight daughters . His eldest son , Algernon ,

married Emily , daughter of Reginald Heber , and afterwards assumed the n ame of Heber

in addition to his own . Bishop Percy

; 1 married his second wife in 840 . She

' William Ho e was Mary , daughter of Sir p

Johnstone .

R A R D BA . HON . I C H GOT

c 21 . To fa e f . 5 . HON R ICHARD BAGO T .

1 8 2

Am :

RICHAR O

l m rst Wil ia , ﬁ able Louisa se cond Lord

on th Novembe 1 8 2 D aven try r, 7 , and entered

There he

216 D EAN S OF CA N TER B UR Y. w hen he married Harriet Villiers , youngest daughter of the fourth Earl of Jersey . In

. . was the same year he proceeded M A , and presented by his father to the rectory of

. 1 8 0 Leigh , Staffordshire In 7 the same patron conferred upon him the rectory of i hﬁ ld Bl t e . 1 8 1 , also in Staffordshire In 7 he was appointed a Prebendary of Worcester ,

1 8 22 w and this he held until , hen he was appointed , by patent , Canon of Windsor .

In 1 8 27 the Honourable Hugh Percy was consecrated Bishop of Rochester, and

’ resigned the Deanery of Canterbury . Percy s successor was the Honourable Richard

Bagot , who was installed Dean on the

2n d 1 8 2 . 1 8 2 of September, 7 In 9 he was h consecrated Bishop of Oxford , whic position

1 8 he held until 4 5 , and with it held by

permission the Deanery of Canterbury . In 1 845 he was translated to Bath and Wells ; but the abuse of holding ecclesiastical pre

’ fermen t z n commen da m having been abolished

1 8 6 in England by Statute in 3 , the Deanery

of Can terbury became , by his translation , h vacant . He died at Brighton on the 1 5 t

f 1 1 o 8 . May , 5 4 , aged 7 I H ON . R CHA R D B A GO T. 217

While he held the See of Oxford T/ze

Tm rts or ﬁre Times . f were issued , and Dr

Bagot , contrary to his inclinations , was brought into prominence . He was charg ed with favouring those who were taxed with being Romanisers , and was urged by the press and by private correspondents to sus

o f Tr a cts pend the authors the famous , and to clear the University of all who inclined

wa to the views put for rd by the writers , who , on their part , looked upon him as a shield from the public indignation . The

a pressure brought to bear upon D r . B got induced him to require that the publication

Tr a cts of the should cease , and his wish had the desired effect . But the outc ry against them continued , and a charge de

1 8 2 livered by him in 4 , was considered as an apology for the authors .

To the excitement caused by the pub lication of T/re Tr a cts f or the Times was

’ Ba o t s added Bishop g failing health , and this was followed by an openly expressed opinion that the Bishopric of Oxford required to be administered by a younger and more

vigorous man ; and consequently , on the 218 DEAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

t death of Bishop Law, Bagot was transla ed to Bath and Wells , and Samuel Wilberforce was promoted to Oxford . His removal to Bath and Wells did not relieve him from trouble . He inducted the Rev . W . J . E . Bennett , a well known V High Churchman , to the icarage of Frome , and for this he was attacked in the House of Common s . This was the forerunner of

u the mental afﬂiction which fell pon him , and from which he never recovered . There was then no law by w hich a Bishop could relieve himself of his duties , and so the affairs of his diocese were admin istered by

Dr . Monk , Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol , u nder the provisions of an Act of Parlia ment passed for that purpose .

D r . Bagot , in his private life , is said to have been a most estimable man ; he was gentle and a lover of peace ; a mun iﬁcen t patron of church societies , and a generous friend to the poor . His only contributions to literature were a Sermon preached before the Society for the Propagation of the

l 1 8 Gospe in 3 5 , and four episcopal charges

1 8 1 8 1 8 2 1 . delivered in 3 4 , 3 7, 4 , and 84 7

XXVIII

WILLIAM ROWE LYALL .

1 —1 845 85 7.

: H OW L EY UMN ER Archbishops , S .

WIL L IA M R OW E LYA LL was the third son of John Lyall , of Findon , Sussex , and a younger brother of George Lyall , who sat in Parliament as one of the Members for London , and was for some time Chair

f . man o the Hon East India Company .

William R . Lyall was born in London on

1 1 th r 1 8 8 the of Februa y , 7 , and at the age

a of seventeen m triculated at Trinity College ,

Cambridge , where he obtained a Scholar

A . 1 1 B . 8 0 ship . He graduated in , and

1 8 1 6. M . A . in

l V/LLIAJ I R O WE 1. YALL . 221

He was ordained to the curacy of

1 8 1 2 Fawley , Hampshire , in , of which parish

Lord Walsingham , Archdeacon of Surrey , d was then rector . In 1 8 1 4 Rowe was a

’ mitte d to priest s orders . During the time he resided a t Fawley he began to contribute

ua r ter l R eview to the Q y , and two of his articles on “ The Philosophy of Dugald Stewart attracted considerable attention from the ability and learning which they displayed .

1 8 1 In 5 he removed to London , and

' succeeded to the editorship of the B r itts/z

1 1 Cr itic. In 8 7 he was appointed chaplain

’ t of S . Thomas s Hospital , and soon af er

’ became assistan t preacher at Lincoln s Inn .

1 8 20 In Howley , then Bishop of London , and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury ,

Blomﬁe ld and , afterwards Bishop of Chester and Bishop of London , invited Lyall to undertake the management of the “ Ency ” c lo ae dia p Metropolitana , a literary work of considerable interest , which had fallen into abeyance . The duties connected with this he performed with great ability and with his usual zeal , and , having ensured the 222 D EAN S OF CA zVTER B UR Y.

success of the work , he transferred the management to other hands , and devoted himself to his clerical duties .

In 1 8 2 2 he accepted the appointment of examining chaplain to the Bishop of

London , and in the next year was inducted

1 2 to the rectory of Weeley in Essex . In 8 4 he was nominated to the Archdeaconry of

Colchester , and then quitted London , only return ing to it for the delivery of the “ W a rbu rton ian Lectures on the Prophetical ” Evidences of Christianity . He resided at

Br adﬁeld 1 8 2 in Essex until 7, when he was

Fa irsted the made rector of in same county . In 1 83 3 he exchanged the livings of Weeley and Fairsted for the recto ry of Hadleigh in Suffolk ; and in that disorganised and neglected district he contributed by his advice , assistance and example , to allay

animosities , to heal dissensions , and to promote the moral and material welfare of

. 1 8 0 all within his reach In 4 , the last year of his residence at Hadleigh , he published his “ ” Pro a dia Pro hetica p p , which elicited from Archbishop Howley and others the warmest expression of admiration and approval .

221 D EAN S OF CA N TER B UR Y.

1 th e 1 8 7 of F bruary , 5 7 and was buried in the churchyard of Harbledown near

‘ Canterbury .

His intellectual qualities were of a very high order , combining great dialectical skill with great acuteness ; great quickness of apprehension with great powers of analysis ; great justness of observation with great accuracy of thought ; and these qualities e n abled him to bring to the discussion of con

tr ov e rsial questions a mind qualiﬁed to sift and weigh the value of opposite arguments

and conﬂicting evidence . He was a sound classical scholar ; his knowledge of ancien t and modern literature was extensive ; and his acquaintance with divinity was remark

able both for depth and accuracy . His

sermons , composed in terse and manl y

En g lish , were replete with wisdom and

good sense , and were , for the most part ,

eminently practical .

1 8 1 t In 7 he married Catherine , younges d daughter of Joseph Bran reth , M . D . , of

t Liverpool , but lef no family .

’ 1 F or som e further particulars of D ean Lyall s li fe see Th e ' ' — Esse zerc . v 2 20 222. x R a iii . pp .

H EN R Y A LF O R D . To ja c k p 224

XXIX .

R HEN Y ALFO RD . — 1 8 5 7 1 8 71 .

: UMN ER ON GLEY A IT Archbishops S , L , T .

The appointment of HEN R Y AL F OR D to the Deanery of Canterbury marks a new era in the history of its famous Cathedral . Previously the Dean had preached three sermons a year from its pulpit , and there was but one sermon on a Sunday , and that always in the morning . On his arrival he made up his mind to alter that custom , an d at once com menced his attack on the old state of things . As we shall see later on , he met with opposition , but he carried his 0 D EAN F AN TERB 226 S O C UR Y. point the afternoon sermon was agreed upon , and the Dean was to be the preacher .

2 Henry Alford was born at 5 , Alfred th Place , Bedford Row , London , on the 7

1 8 1 0 . of October , He was the only child

' of Henry Alford , by his wife Sarah Eliza

Paget , whose father was a banker at Tam

. 1 8 1 1 worth She died in January , , leaving

her child , who , three years later, was

described as a tender delicate plant , whose

extreme sensibility often made him ill .

Notwithstanding , he was a precocious child , whose chief amusemen t consisted in the

making of little books , in which he wrote “ ” histories , the Travels of S . Paul , a ” C History of the Jews , or simply opied texts from the Bible All this was done

before he was n ine years old . At the time of his birth his father was a lawyer ; but the death of his wife led him to leave his

profession , and , after ordination , he became

curate of Steeple Ashton , and acted as

tutor and companion to his son . From Steeple Ashton the father went as curate to Wraxall ; but this he resigned on account

228 D EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y.

“ was elected secretary to the Fifty, a small society which met for true practice in speaking ; he also became a member of the “ Apostles , another society of reading and thinking men who met weekly at each

’ other s rooms . About this time he decided to read for

’ a Bell s Scholarship , and this he obtained

1 8 1 . r 1 8 2 in March , 3 In Janua y , 3 , he

’ th W graduated 3 4 rangler , and in the next month , when the Classical Tripos came out , Henry Alford ’ s name appeared eighth in

1 the First Class . In 8 3 3 he was ordained w to the curacy of Ampton , of hich parish his father was the incumbent ; in 1 8 3 4 he obtained his Fellowship at Trinity College ,

Cambridge , and in the same year was

1 ordained priest . In 8 3 5 he was presented im to the living of Wymeswold , and me di ately married his cousin , Frances Oke

Alford .

At Wymeswold his time was fully ocen pied ; he there continued to take pupils , and to devote his attention to his parochial duties and to poetry , of which he had long been a diligent writer . In 1 83 8 he was asked HENR Y A LEOR D . 229

whether , in the event of the appoin tment being offered , he would accept the proposed

Bishopric of N e w Zealand . This he declined on account of his age , and three years later it was offered to and accepted by Selwyn , who was consecrated the ﬁrst Bishop of New

t Zealand . Seven years af erwards similar overtures were made to Alford when the diocese of Fredericton was about to be created .

He was now fairly launched on his career as an author , and was soon recog n ise d as a preacher of no mean ability . In

’ ’ 1 83 9 he accepted the editorship of D ea r a en s

Mitre/la } m, a monthly magazine , for which he wrote articles on ancien t and modern poets , and contributed to it some of his

1 own poems . In 840 he preached the sermon at the primary visitation of Bishop Davys ; and in 1 8 4 1 and 1 84 2 was appointed Hulsea n Lecturer at the Un iversity of Cam bridge . These lectures were published in

1 8 6 two volumes , and were followed in 4 by “ a volume of Plain Village Sermons . All this time he was working hard with Six h pupils and at his Greek Testament , whic 230 EAN OF CA N TERB UR D S Y.

occupied so many years of his life . In

1 8 8 4 he gave up his pupils , as he foun d the occupations of tutor, parish clergyman and commentator on the entire New Testa ment were scarcely compatible . He now sought a change of situation , and made up

as his mind to leave Wymeswold , as soon an opportunity should present itself.

B . D 1 8 . In 49 he took the degree of , and was a candidate , though an unsuccessful one , for the Regius Professorship of Divinity at Cambridge . His life at Wymeswold was

1 8 2 thus prolonged , and it was not until 5 that a proposal was made to him with reference to the incumbency of Quebec Chapel . This

1 8 . he accepted in May, 5 3 He had been eighteen years at Wymeswold , and no offer of actual promotion seems to have been made to him ; now , no sooner had he accepted Quebec Chapel , than the Bishop of Worcester offered him the V icarage of

Grimley with Hallow . This came too late , and was declined .

At Quebec Chapel he Spent nearly four

u years . His work there was m ch to his

n liking . His morn i g congregation was of

23 2 D EAN S OF CAN TERB UR Y. this innovation was received is exempliﬁed in the fact that , while on a tour in the

West of England , the Dean returned to Canterbury every Saturday to preach the

1 sermon on Sunday afternoon . In 8 5 9 he

D 1 . D . 8 61 proceeded , and in , after a visit

to Rome , a plan for extensive repairs to

the Cathedral came under consideration , and

caused him much anxiety . This restoration he carried through ; he removed all the old

houses from the north side of the Church , and laid bare that extensive range of ruins which extends from the “ Dark Entry” eastward to the house now occupied by

n e w - Canon Rawlinson . A school house and

’ Head Master s house were also built . Be sides these there was general overhauling

o f the fabric , and much work was done ,

including the erection of the present Library . The date of the last Report on the

- restoration , and the Balance sheet , showing the expenditure of all the money which had passed through his hands as Treasurer 8 th of the Fabric Fund , is dated December ,

1 8 0 : 1 2 1 8 1 7 on the th of January , 7 , Dean

Alford died . HEN Y A L FOR R D . 23 3

In considering the life of Dean Alford there are some points which seem to call for special remark .

1 . His Cambridge life was eminently happy and successful . His acquain tances there embraced the Ten nysons , Arthur

Hallam , Trench , afterwards Dean of West minster and Archbishop of Dublin , Charles

S eddin B rookﬁeld Merivale , p g , , Thompson , afterwards Master of Trinity College , Cam bridg e , an d Christopher Wordsworth . With such men for his companions and friends , he must have been then a man of more than ordinary promise .

II. The amount of literary work he

. 1 8 0 accomplished is almost amazing In 3 , when only twenty years of age , he was writing hymns , which were sen t to

' ' ' the Cﬁr istza rz Oéser r/er and the C/z r zstza n

Gu a r dia n . 1 8 In 3 3 , besides an article on “ Ancient Music , he published Poems and ”

. 1 8 Poetical Fragments In 3 5 , two volumes of Poems from his pen were published . In

’ 1 8 3 9 he edited Dr . John Donne s Works “ 1 1 in six volumes . In 84 appeared The ” Mu cheln a Abbot of y , Sonnets , etc and 23 4 D EAN S OF CAN TER B UR Y.

Chapters on the Poets of Ancient Greece . “ In 1 84 1 and 1 84 2 he issued his Hulsean ” “ . 1 8 6 n Lectures In 4 , a volume of Plai ” 1 Village Sermons . In 849 the ﬁrst volume “ of his Greek Testament , and four Lectures on the Inﬂuence of the Fifth Command ” ment . These were followed by a volume

e of S rmons , the second volume of his Greek

all Testament , and other books and articles , while he was at VVymeso d . At Quebec Chapel his literary work seems to have increased ; while there he issued six volumes of Sermons ; A Memoir of his Father ; a second edition of the first and second volumes of the Greek Testament ; a third edition of the second volume ; a first and second edition of the third volume ; a volume of Homilies on the first ten Chapters of the Acts of the ” Apostles , and various single Sermons . At

Canterbury he continued his work with , if

possible , increased vigour, and continued it until the end . In addition to his literary labour he had all the work , and some of the worry , attached to his position as Dean of the Metropolitical Cathedral , as well as to bear the attacks which were made

D EAN OF AN TER B 23 6 S C UR Y.

the 1 1 th . On the next day he died peace fully and without pain . He was buried in

’ S . Martin s churchyard , and on his tomb , d at his own request , are inscribed the wor s “ diverso riu m v iator is Hie rosolymam pro ” ﬁcisce n tis The resting place of a

‘ traveller on his way to Jerusalem .

1 8 8 By his wife , who died in 7 , he had four children ; two sons , who died in child hood , and two daughters , Alice Oke Alford , who married the Rev . William Thomas

1 8 62 Bullock in , and Mary Oke Alford , who married the Rev . Hen ry Edmond

Tilsley Cruso in 1 8 67.

L ife by his W id ow .

R O B ER T PAYN E SM ITH . 2 To f ace p . 3 7.

XXX .

ROBERT PAYNE SMITH . — 1 8 71 1 8 9 5 .

: AIT EN ON . Archbishops T , B S

R OB ER T PAYN E SMITH was born at

a 1 8 1 . Chipping C mpden in 9 His father ,

R 1 8 2 obert Smith , who died in 7, was a land agent , directly descended from the Thomas Smith to whom Queen Elizabeth granted the manor of Campden . Robert Payne Smith ’ s mother was Esther Argles

Payne , a native of Surrey .

Young Robert , whose mother was of limited means , was educated at the Grammar

1 8 School of his native place until 3 7, when EAN F AN T 23 8 D S O C ER B UR Y. it was his good fortune to obtain a Scholar ship at Pembroke College , Oxford , under i Dr . Jeune , to whose friendsh p the young Scholar owed much of his promotion later

u on . While an ndergraduate , Payne Smith , in addition to the ordinary classical studies

of his College , devoted himself to Oriental

languages , and gained a Sanskrit Scholar

in 1 8 0 ship 4 , and the Pusey and Ellerton

Hebrew Scholarship three years later . At this time an offer was made to him to

proceed to Benares , but his mother ex pressed a wish that he would remain in

England , and the post at Benares was

declin ed .

1 8 r In 43 , afte he had given up the

Benares project , he obtained a Fellowship

at his College , and was ordained a deacon . At ﬁrst ministerial work occupied his atten

W in chen den tion , while he was curate of Long ,

and afterwards of Thame . In his parochial work in these two parishes he Spent four

years , and then accepted a Classical Master

in ship the Royal High School , Edinburgh ,

with which , having been ordained priest in

1 8 u 44 , he held the inc mbency of Trinity

240 D EAN S OF CA N TER B UR Y.

While engaged in the preparation of these works , all of which displayed accurate scholarship , Payne Smith became fully aware of the imperfections of the Syriac Dictionary of Castell and Michaelis , which was then the only one obtainable by students . In

1 8 5 9 he had proposed to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press a scheme for a n e w

Syriac Dictionary . His proposal was favour ably received , and he commenced to work on his Thesaurus Syriacus , the composition and publication of which formed the chief literary occupation of the remaining thirty six years of his life . This work was divided into ten parts , nine of which had appeared at the time of his death .

He was a voluminous writer on con tr v e rs ial o theology , and was uniformly of the Evangelical party . Like his predecessor and successor in the Deanery of Canterbury , he was very far from being a favourite with High Churchmen . The course of ser mons , in which he vindicated the authenticity and Messianic I n terpretation of the Prophe

Of 1 8 62 cies Isaiah , published in , led to his appointment three years later to the R OBER T A YN E SMITH P . 241

v Regius Professorship of Di inity at Oxford , chieﬂy through the inﬂuence of Lord

Shaftesbury and Dr . Jeune , then Bishop of

Peterborough . At the same time he was

D . D . made and Canon of Christ Church ,

Oxford , and rector of Ewelme .

In 1 8 69 he delivered the Bampton Lectures on “ Prophecy a Preparation for ” Christ . He was a member of the Com mittee for the revision of the Old Testament

1 8 0 1 8 8 from 7 to 5 .

As Dean of Canterbury , although he was not considered a great or an attractive preacher , his Christian courtesy and affable manners won the affections of Churchmen and Nonconformists alike ; to all he was ever ready to afford help ; and n otwith standing the urgency of the work that awaited him in his own study , n o one invoked his aid in vain . He added to his many labours by inaugurating a Sunday evening service in his Cathedral . When Alford came to Canterbury as Dean he found the Sunday services were morning

e prayer with sermon , and evening pray r at

’ three o clock without a sermon ; when Payne 242 D EAN OF CA N TER B UR S Y.

Smith came he found two services and two sermons ; when he died he left three full services ; and the changes introduced by hi m and Alford have been fully justiﬁed .

Payne Smith died suddenly on Sunday ,

l s t 1 8 the 3 of March , 9 5 , and was buried

’ i n S . Martin s churchyard , Canterbury , near to his wife who died in 1 8 94 . She was the second daughter of the Rev . William George

Freeman , rector of M ilton , Cambridgeshire .

They left two sons and four daughters . One of the daughters was associated with her father in editing the later parts of the

’ Thesaurus .

W A FA R R A R F R ED ER I C ILLI M .

70 5 2 f ace 1 . 43

244 D EAN S OF CA N TER B UR Y. where he was entered at King William ’ s

College as a day pupil . On the return of his father and mother to India their son became a boarder in the house of the

x Rev . Dr . D i on , then Head Master of the

College .

o f At the age sixteen , h is parents being again in England , he left the Isle of Man and j oined them in London , and was entered

’ at King s College . He was there trained

e lf by teachers so eminen t as D r . J , Pro fe sso r Maurice , Professor Brewer , Archdeacon

Plu N h n Browne and Dean mptre . V e n ineteen

A . years old he graduated B . at the London

o University , and won both the Matriculati n

B A . an d the Scholarships , as well as Classical and Divinity Scholarships at King ’ s

College . Two years later he entered at

Trinity College , Cambridge , of which he

a a n d was successively Schol r Fellow . At

’ the Un iversity he gained the Chancell or s Medal for the English Poem (1 8 5 2) and the

1 Le Bas and N orr isian Essay Prizes . In 8 5 4

B . a A . n d he graduated at Cambridge , was bracketed fourth i n the ﬁrst class of the

Classical Tripos , and was at once offered a FR ED ER IC PVILLIAIII FAR R A R 245

Mastership at Marlborough College by Dr .

Cotton , afterwards Bishop of Calcutta . In the same year he was ordained deacon , and

1 8 . priest in 5 7, when he proceeded M A .

From Marlborough he wen t by the invitation of D r . Vaughan as an assistan t w master to Harro , at which School he

1 8 1 remained until 7 , when he returned to

Marlborough College as Head Master . While at Harro w he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society . In 1 8 73 he became Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen ; in 1 8 76 he resigned his Mastership on being a p pointed Canon of Westminster and rector of

’ S . Margaret s , Westminster . He afterwards succeeded to the Archdeacon ry of West

1 8 0 minster . In 9 he was made Chaplain to the House of Commons , and examining chaplain to the Bishop of Worcester .

’ He was a n Honorary Fellow of King s

College , London , and has frequen tly been Select Preacher both at Cambridge and at

. u 1 8 0 Oxford He was H lsean Lecturer in 7 ,

1 and Bampton Lecturer at Oxford in 8 8 5 . D 2 D . . B . 1 8 D . He was made in 7 , and in 4 D EA N S OF A N TER B R 2 6 C U Y.

1 8 73 . Since 1 8 5 7 he has been constantly

u before the public as an a thor , and his books are very widely read .

In 1 8 9 5 he was i nstalled Dean of

Canterbury , and at once devoted himself to the improvement of the services in his Cathe dral , and to its restoration , for which object he raised a Subscription of With this sum the Crypt and Chapter House have been restored to something of their pristine beauty , and many parts of the Cathedral which were decayed have been rendered safe . He has also established the

’ custom of annually obser ving the Founder s

Day on the 26th of May .

’ The ﬁve years Since Dr . Farrar s appointment have been signalized by several

Royal visits to Canterbury . He procured from the Home Secretary permission to bury

the Archbishop Benson in Cathedral , within which no Archbishop of the Reformed

Church had ever before been buried . Can te rbu ry Cathedral contains the graves of ﬁfty -two Pre - Reformation Prelates ; the last

Archbishop buried there , before Archbishop

1 8 . Benson , was Cardinal Pole in 5 5

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