Organic Solid State Lasers for Sensing Applications
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New Materials and Device Architectures for Organic Solid-State Lasers Hadi Rabbani-Haghighi
New materials and device architectures for organic solid-state lasers Hadi Rabbani-Haghighi To cite this version: Hadi Rabbani-Haghighi. New materials and device architectures for organic solid-state lasers. Optics [physics.optics]. Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2011. English. tel-00643467 HAL Id: tel-00643467 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643467 Submitted on 22 Nov 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 13 INSTITUT GALILÉE LABORATOIRE DE PHYSIQUE DES LASERS THÈSE présentée pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 13 Discipline : Physique par Hadi Rabbani-Haghighi Nouveaux matériaux et architectures de dispositifs pour les lasers organiques à l’état solide Soutenue le 26 octobre 2011 devant le jury composé de : M. Alain Siove, LPL, Université PARIS 13 Directeur de thèse Mme Isabelle Ledoux-Rak, LPQM, ENS Cachan Rapportrice M. Patrick Georges, LCF, Institut d’Optique Graduate School Rapporteur Mme Sophie Bouchoule, Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures M. Jean-Jacques Simon, IM2NP, Université Paul Cézanne Aix –Marseille III Mme Elena Ishow, CEISAM, Université de Nantes M. Frédéric du Burck, LPL, Université PARIS 13 M. Sébastien Chénais, LPL, Université PARIS 13 To my beloved family and the important persons in my life ii Acknowledgements The current dissertation is the result of a three-year work that has been realized in the organic photonics and nanostructures group, part out of eight groups at Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), university of Paris 13. -
Electrically-Pumped Organic-Semiconductor Coherent Emission: a Review
1 Electrically-Pumped Organic-Semiconductor Coherent Emission: A Review F. J. Duarte Interferometric Optics, Rochester, New York, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA 1. Introduction Organic lasers came into existence via the introduction of the pulsed optically-pumped liquid organic dye laser by Sorokin and Lankard (1966) and Schäfer et al. (1966). An additional momentous contribution was the discovery of the continuous wave (CW) liquid organic dye laser by Peterson et al. (1970) which opened the way for the development of narrow-linewidth tunability in the CW regime plus the eventual introduction of femtosecond lasers (see, for example, Dietel et al. (1983) and Diels, (1990)). The narrow- linewidth tunable pulsed dye laser was demonstrated by Hänsch (1972) and improved by Shoshan et al. (1977), Littman and Metcalf (1978), Duarte and Piper (1980, 1981). All these developments in practical organic tunable lasers, spanning the visible spectrum, “created a renaissance in diverse applied fields such as medicine, remote sensing, isotope separation, spectroscopy, photochemistry, and other analytical tasks” (Duarte et al. (1992)). An early development, in the field of tunable lasers, was also the discovery of solid-state pulsed optically-pumped organic dye lasers by Soffer and McFarland (1967) and Peterson and Snavely (1968). However, it was not until the 1990s that, due to improvements in the dye-doped polymer gain media, this class of lasers would again be the focus of research attention (see, for example, Duarte (1994), Maslyukov et al. (1995), Costela et al. (2003)). An additional effort in optically-pumped tunable laser research is the work on organic semiconductor lasers based on thin-film conjugated polymers (see, for example, Holzer et al. -
Organic Lasers – Recent Developments on Materials, Device
Organic Lasers – Recent Developments on Materials, Device Geometries, and Fabrication Techniques Alexander J.C. Kuehne1* and Malte C. Gather2* 1DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Germany 2Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom *Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Organic dyes have been used as gain medium for lasers since the 1960s—long before the advent of today’s organic electronic devices. Organic gain materials are highly attractive for lasing due to their chemical tunability and large stimulated emission cross-section. While the traditional dye laser has been largely replaced by solid-state lasers, a number of new and miniaturized organic lasers have emerged that hold great potential for lab-on-chip applications, bio-integration, low-cost sensing and related areas, which benefit from the unique properties of organic gain materials. On the fundamental level, these include high exciton binding energy, low refractive index (compared to inorganic semiconductors) and ease of spectral and chemical tuning. On a technological level, mechanical flexibility and compatibility with simple processing techniques such as printing, roll-to-roll, self-assembly and soft-lithography are most relevant. Here, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the developments in the field over the past decade, discussing recent advances in organic gain materials — today often based on solid-state organic semiconductors — optical feedback structures, and device fabrication. Recent efforts towards continuous wave operation and electrical pumping of solid-state organic lasers are reviewed and new device concepts and emerging applications are summarized. -
Modeling of Threshold and Dynamics Behavior of Organic Nanostructured Lasers
Modeling of threshold and dynamics behavior of organic nanostructured lasers Song-Liang Chua∗,1, 2 Bo Zhen,1 Jeongwon Lee,1 Jorge Bravo-Abad,3 Ofer Shapira,1, 4 and Marin Soljaciˇ c´1 1Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 2DSO National Laboratories, 20 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118230, Singapore. E-mail: [email protected] 3Departamento de F´ısica Teorica´ de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma´ de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. 4QD Vision Incorporation, 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA. Abstract Organic dye molecules offer significant potential as gain media in the emerging field of optical amplifi- cation and lasing at subwavelength scales. Here, we investigate the laser dynamics in systems comprising subwavelength-structured cavities that incorporate organic dyes. To this end, we have developed a com- prehensive theoretical framework able to accurately describe the interaction of organic molecules with any arbitrary photonic structure to produce single-mode lasing. The model provides explicit analytic expres- sions of the threshold and slope efficiency that characterize this class of lasers, and also the duration over which lasing action can be sustained before the dye photobleaches. Both the physical properties of the dyes and the optical properties of the cavities are considered. We also systematically studied the feasibility of achieving lasing action under continuous-wave excitation in optically pumped monolithic organic dye lasers. This study suggests routes to realize an organic laser that can potentially lase with a threshold of only a few W=cm2. Our work puts forward a theoretical formalism that could enable the advancement of nanostructured organic-based light emitting and sensing devices. -
Optofluidic Dye Lasers
Optofluidic Dye Lasers Thesis by Zhenyu Li In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 2007 (Defended July 17, 2007) ii c 2007 Zhenyu Li All Rights Reserved iii To my wife, Lun iv v Acknowledgements First, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Professor Demetri Psaltis, for his support and guidance throughout my graduate studies at Caltech. I’ll be forever indebted to him for offering me the opportunity to pursue my PhD degree at the same school as my wife, not to mention it’s Caltech. His contagious enthusiasm, keen intuition and objective attitude have been a constant source of inspiration. As one of his last students at Caltech, I wish him all the good luck for his new challenging position at EPFL, and hope always to have the chance to work with him in the future. I would also like to thank Professor Axel Scherer, Zhaoyu Zhang, Teresa Emery and Yan Chen for the fruitful collaborations that led to much of the work presented here. Over the years, I have learned a lot from my collaborators at various stages of my research, in particular, Prof. Changhuei Yang of Caltech; Prof. George Barbastathis and Dr. Kehan Tian of MIT; Dr. Annmarie Eldering, Dr. Gregory Bearman and William Johnson of JPL; Dr. Harvey Kasdan of Iris Diagnostics; Dr. Wenhai Liu and Dr. Christophe Moser of Ondax. Thanks are also due to the members of Psaltis group: Jose Mumbru, Yunping Yang, Dr. Zhiwen Liu, George Panotopoulos, Hung-Te Hsieh, Martin Centurion, Hua Long, James Adleman, Mankei Tsang, Baiyang Li, Jae-Woo Choi, George Cadena, Chia-Lung Hsieh, Dr. -
Organic Semiconductor Lasers and Tailored Nanostructures for Raman Spectroscopy
XIN LIU ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS AND TAILORED NANOSTRUCTURES FOR RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Xin Liu Organic Semiconductor Lasers and Tailored Nanostructures for Raman Spectroscopy Organic Semiconductor Lasers and Tailored Nanostructures for Raman Spectroscopy by Xin Liu Dissertation, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 2015 Bildnachweis Umschlag Prism Refraction von dgdean (Eigenes Werk) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons Impressum Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) KIT Scientific Publishing Straße am Forum 2 D-76131 Karlsruhe KIT Scientific Publishing is a registered trademark of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Reprint using the book cover is not allowed. www.ksp.kit.edu This document – excluding the cover – is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 DE License (CC BY-SA 3.0 DE): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/ The cover page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 3.0 DE License (CC BY-ND 3.0 DE): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/ Print on Demand 2015 ISBN 978-3-7315-0370-5 DOI 10.5445/KSP/1000046874 Organic Semiconductor Lasers and Tailored Nanostructures for Raman Spectroscopy zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTOR-INGENIEURS von der Falkutät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte Dissertation von M.Sc. Xin Liu geb. in Harbin/China Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 11. Februar 2015 Hauptreferent: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Uli Lemmer Korreferent: Prof. María A. Díaz-García Kurzfassung Organische Verstärkermaterialien ermöglichen durch ihre breiten Verstär- kungsspektren und effiziente Energieumwandlung kostengünstige und kom- pakte organische Laserlichtquellen, die vielversprechend für Anwendungen in der Spektroskopie sind. -
Advance Technical Program Conferences + Courses: 26–30 August 2007 Exhibition: 28–30 August 2007 San Diego Convention Center San Diego California USA
Advance Technical Program Conferences + Courses: 26–30 August 2007 Exhibition: 28–30 August 2007 San Diego Convention Center San Diego California USA OPTICAL ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONS NANOSCIENCE NANOENGINEERING ORGANIC PHOTONICS AND ELECTRONICS DETECTORS AND IMAGING PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS SOLAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Advance Technical Program Conferences + Courses: 26–30 August 2007 Exhibition: 28–30 August 2007 San Diego Convention Center San Diego California USA PRESENT YOUR RESEARCH — PUBLISH IN THE WORLD BODY OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Where optics meets emerging technologies With over 3,100 technical presentations, 70 courses, 280 exhibitors and over 5,000 scientists, engineers, managers and salespeople, Optics + Photonics offers you both classic and cutting-edge optics and photonics research, training and product information. Keep abreast of emerging technologies like organic photovoltaic energy sources, nanotechnology, solid state lighting, and solar and alternate energy. Hear top-level speakers and over 1,000 technical presentations that focus on these exciting new developments. Left cover photo: Courtesy of National Institute of Standards and Technology. Get the kind of technical information, professional training, hardware Quantum Daisy. Twelve cobalt and market intelligence that is key to success in today’s changing job atoms arranged in a circle on a surface of copper produce a daisy- and technology landscape. like pattern from the interference of electron waves. This image was made with a one-of-a-kind instrument that, acting We welcome your participation! autonomously, picks up and places individual atoms anywhere on a surface. NIST scientists are studying the quantum properties of different atom arrangements to help improve the design and fabrication of nanoscale devices. -
Organic Semiconductor Lasers with Two-Dimensional Distributed Feedback
Organic semiconductor lasers with two-dimensional distributed feedback Dissertation der Fakultät für Physik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von Stefan Riechel aus München München, den 11. Februar 2002 1. Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Jochen Feldmann 2. Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Khaled Karrai Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15. Mai 2002 Front page: Photograph of a mechanically flexible 2D-DFB laser made from the conjugated polymer MeLPPP. The laser is optically pumped well above the threshold for amplified spontaneous emission. The complex far-field emission pattern (blue-green) results from a large detuning between the resonance wavelength and the gain maximum. The picture was taken in the course of the documentation for the Philip-Morris Forschungspreis 1999 awarded to Prof. Dr. J. Feldmann and Dr. U. Lemmer (Courtesy by the Philip Morris Stiftung, Fallstraße 40, D-81369 München). Scientific publications of results presented in this work • A nearly diffraction limited surface emitting conjugated polymer laser utilizing a 2D photonic bandstructure S. Riechel, C. Kallinger, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, A. Gombert, V. Wittwer, and U. Scherf, Applied Physics Letters 77, 2310 (2000). • Lasing modes in organic solid state distributed feedback lasers S. Riechel, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, T. Benstem, W. Kowalsky, U. Scherf, A. Gombert, and V. Wittwer, Applied Physics B 71, 897 (2000). • Very compact tunable solid-state laser utilizing a thin-film organic semiconductor S. Riechel, U. Lemmer, J. Feldmann, S. Berleb, A. G. Mückl, W. Brütting, A. Gombert, and V. Wittwer, Optics Letters 26, 593 (2001). • Conjugated Polymers: Lasing and Stimulated Emission U. Scherf, S. Riechel, U. Lemmer, and R. F. -
Review PI Organic Lasers
RECENT ADVANCES IN SOLID-STATE ORGANIC LASERS Sébastien Chénais and Sébastien Forget Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Institut Galilée Université Paris 13 / C.N.R.S. 99 avenue J.-B. Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France Organic solid-state lasers are reviewed, with a special emphasis on works published during the last decade. Referring originally to dyes in solid-state polymeric matrices, organic lasers also include the rich family of organic semiconductors, paced by the rapid development of organic light emitting diodes. Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources are potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. In this review, we describe the basic photophysics of the materials used as gain media in organic lasers with a specific look at the distinctive feature of dyes and semiconductors. We also outline the laser architectures used in state-of-the-art organic lasers and the performances of these devices with regard to output power, lifetime, and beam quality. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments in terms of wavelength coverage, wavelength agility, efficiency and compactness, or towards integrated low-cost sources, with a special focus on the great challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping. Finally, we discuss the very recent demonstration of new kinds of organic lasers based on polaritons or surface plasmons, which open new and very promising routes in the field of organic nanophotonics. 1 INTRODUCTION Since the first demonstration of laser oscillation, now more than fifty years ago[1], applications using lasers have spread over virtually all areas, e.g . research, medicine, technology or telecommunications.