5. Routes and Tours Sharra
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
BALKANS Briefing
BALKANS Briefing Skopje/Brussels, 27 July 2001 MACEDONIA: STILL SLIDING This ICG briefing paper continues the analysis of the Macedonian crisis begun in the ICG’s two most recent reports from Skopje: Balkans Reports No. 109, The Macedonian Question: Reform or Rebellion (5 April 2001) and No. 113, Macedonia: The Last Chance for Peace (20 June 2001). It analyses what has happened during the past five weeks, anticipates what may happen next, and describes the dilemma the international community faces if it is to improve the prospects of averting an open ethnic war. I. OVERVIEW almost nothing else separates the two sides, who have agreed on “95 per cent of those things that were to be negotiated”.1 Despite the ceasefire announced on 26 July 2001, and the promised resumption of political talks in Yet this is not how the matter appears inside the Tetovo on 27 July, Macedonia is still locked in country. Ethnic Macedonians believe the republic- crisis and threatened by war. Neither ethnic wide use of Albanian – as proposed by the Macedonian nor ethnic Albanian leaders have been international mediators – would pose a threat to converted to belief in a ‘civic’ settlement that their national identity that cannot be justified, would strengthen democracy by improving given that only one third to one quarter of the minority conditions, without weakening the population speaks the language. They are also integrity of the state. Ethnic Macedonians fear that convinced that all Albanians would refuse to civic reforms will transform the country communicate in Macedonian. Given that almost no exclusively to its, and their, detriment, while ethnic ethnic Macedonians can speak Albanian, they also Albanians are sceptical that any reforms can really fear that bilingualism would become necessary for be made to work in their favour. -
Revision of Western Palaearctic Species of the Oulema Melanopus Group, with Description of Two New Species from Europe (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae)
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 1.vi.2015 Volume 55(1), pp. 273–304 ISSN 0374-1036 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:597F0FC8-27B7-4A94-ABF4-EA245B6EF06E Revision of western Palaearctic species of the Oulema melanopus group, with description of two new species from Europe (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae) Jan BEZDĚK1) & Andrés BASELGA2) 1) Mendel University, Department of Zoology, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Five species of the Oulema melanopus group are recognized in the western Palaearctic Region: O. melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758), O. rufocyanea (Suffrian, 1847), O. duftschmidi (Redtenbacher, 1874), O. mauroi sp. nov. (nor- thern Italy), and O. verae sp. nov. (Spain and Portugal). The two new species are described and illustrated. The nomenclature of the group is discussed in detail. Oulema rufocyanea is proved to be a validly described species different to O. duftschmidi. To fi x the nomenclatural stability of the whole group and avoid sub- sequent misintepretations, neotypes are designated for Crioceris melanopoda O. F. Müller, 1776; Crioceris hordei Geoffroy, 1785; and Lema cyanella var. atrata Waltl, 1835 (all conspecifi c with O. melanopus). The primary type specimens or their photographs were examined if they exist. The spelling Oulema melanopus is fi xed as correct and explained. Variation in the cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) gene across specimens of all the species has been analysed. All species in the group had extremely similar haplotypes, with interspecifi c sequence similarities between 90.5–99.5 %, compared to intraspecifi c sequence similarities between 91.6–100 %. -
Social Conflicts, Changing Identities and Everyday Strategies of Survival in Macedonia on the Eve of the Collapse of Ottoman Central Power (1903–1912)
Gábor Demeter and Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics Social Conflicts, Changing Identities and Everyday Strategies of Survival in Macedonia on the Eve of the Collapse of Ottoman Central Power (1903–1912) Summary The present study aims to identify certain social dividing lines, fractures and motivations that accelerated the rise in political murders and everyday violence after the Ilinden Uprising. The contribution of foreign intervention (including both the attempts of the great powers to settle the question and the propagandistic activity of neighboring small states) and local traditions (customs) to the nature and extent of violence are also investigated. The authors will also consider the shift in the support policy of neighboring small states from construction to destruction—including the issues of economic benefit and local acceptance at a time when selection of an identity no longer entailed only advantages, but imposed threats as well. During this period the boundaries between the various types of violent action triggered either by religious and school conflict or customs gradually faded, while Chetas became highly organized and self-subsistent through cultivation and smuggling of opium and tobacco and expropriation of state and private property. In order to trace the territorial and cultural patterns of violence as well as specific and general motives, the authors conducted a statistical analysis of quantitative data regarding victims and perpetrators. The study is based on the comparison of Austrian and Bulgarian archival sources in order to check the reliability of data. The study area—the Sanjak of Skopje in Kosovo—is suitable for examining problems related to the birth of modern nations: the ethnic and religious diversity of this sanjak makes it possible to investigate both the tensions that existed within and between the Eastern Orthodox and Muslim religious communities as well as the impact of small states with territorial pretensions on this region. -
Life in Transition Survey II
Life in Transition Survey II DRAFT Technical Report June 2011 Legal notice © 2011 Ipsos MORI – all rights reserved. The contents of this report constitute the sole and exclusive property of Ipsos MORI. Ipsos MORI retains all right, title and interest, including without limitation copyright, in or to any Ipsos MORI trademarks, technologies, methodologies, products, analyses, software and know-how included or arising out of this report or used in connection with the preparation of this report. No license under any copyright is hereby granted or implied. The contents of this report are of a commercially sensitive and confidential nature and intended solely for the review and consideration of the person or entity to which it is addressed. No other use is permitted and the addressee undertakes not to disclose all or part of this report to any third party (including but not limited, where applicable, pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act 2000) without the prior written consent of the Company Secretary of Ipsos MORI. Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 2 1.1. Background and history ....................................................................... 2 1.2. Structure of this report ......................................................................... 2 1.3. Key specifications ................................................................................ 3 2. Questionnaire development and piloting ................................. 5 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... -
On the Basis of Article 65 of the Law on Real Estate Cadastre („Official Gazette of Republic of Macedonia”, No
On the basis of article 65 of the Law on Real Estate Cadastre („Official Gazette of Republic of Macedonia”, no. 55/13), the Steering Board of the Agency for Real Estate Cadastre has enacted REGULATION FOR THE MANNER OF CHANGING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CADASTRE MUNICIPALITIES AND FOR DETERMINING THE CADASTRE MUNICIPALITIES WHICH ARE MAINTAINED IN THE CENTER FOR REC SKOPJE AND THE SECTORS FOR REAL ESTATE CADASTRE IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Article 1 This Regulation hereby prescribes the manner of changing the boundaries of the cadastre municipalities, as well as the determining of the cadastre municipalities which are maintained in the Center for Real Estate Cadastre – Skopje and the Sectors for Real Estate Cadastre in Republic of Macedonia. Article 2 (1) For the purpose of changing the boundaries of the cadastre municipalities, the Government of Republic of Macedonia shall enact a decision. (2) The decision stipulated in paragraph (1) of this article shall be enacted by the Government of Republic of Macedonia at the proposal of the Agency for Real Estate Cadastre (hereinafter referred to as: „„the Agency„„). (3) The Agency is to submit the proposal stipulated in paragraph (2) of this article along with a geodetic report for survey of the boundary line, produced under ex officio procedure by experts employed at the Agency. Article 3 (1) The Agency is to submit a proposal decision for changing the boundaries of the cadastre municipalities in cases when, under a procedure of ex officio, it is identified that the actual condition/status of the boundaries of the cadastre municipalities is changed and does not comply with the boundaries drawn on the cadastre maps. -
Destruction and Preservation of Cultural Heritage in Former Yugoslavia, Part II
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 29 Issue 1 Article 1 2-2009 Erasing the Past: Destruction and Preservation of Cultural Heritage in Former Yugoslavia, Part II Igor Ordev Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Ordev, Igor (2009) "Erasing the Past: Destruction and Preservation of Cultural Heritage in Former Yugoslavia, Part II," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 29 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol29/iss1/1 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ERASING THE PAST: DESTRUCTION AND PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Part II (Continuation from the Previous Issue) By Igor Ordev Igor Ordev received the MA in Southeast European Studies from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. Previously he worked on projects like the World Conference on Dialogue Among Religions and Civilizations held in Ohrid in 2007. He lives in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. III. THE CASE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIA Just as everyone could sense that the end of the horrifying conflict of the early 1990s was coming to an end, another one was heating up in the Yugoslav kitchen. Kosovo is located in the southern part of former Yugoslavia, in an area that had been characterized by hostility and hatred practically ‘since the beginning of time.’ The reason for such mixed negative feelings came due to the confusion about who should have the final say in the governing of the Kosovo principality. -
Partners in Peace MNTF-E Nations Stand Together in Support of Kosovo
Fixing a Heart Best Warrior Recycle MP Shootout Match October 2009 Vol. 17, Issue 8 THE GUARDIANEAST Partners in Peace MNTF-E nations stand together in support of Kosovo Official magazine of Multi-National Task Force-East EIB Ukrainian 3-star A Healthy Kosovo Year of the NCO “Lessons Learned” “We Have Accomplished So Much” Col. Tom Loomis MNTF-E Deputy Commander of Maneuver This month, I have the pleasure of addressing you in the Guardian East since Brig. Gen. Jones is on leave during the month of September, and I am glad to have the opportunity to write a few lines about my impressions. First, I want to say how impressed I am by the performance of MNTF-E since February. Together, we have accomplished much toward the security of the area, and most importantly, contributed substantially to the future development of the people of Kosovo. From the daily missions across the breadth of the MNTF-E area of operations, to the many development projects you have undertaken, you all should be proud of your accomplishments so far. In the middle of September I was able to travel back to the U.S. to support the training of the MNTF-E headquarters and the subordinate elements which will be replacing the current U.S. contingent of MNTF-E later this year. I was impressed with the skills they are demonstrating early in their post-mobilization training. It is evident that the work many of the current MNTF-E Guardian East. He wrote about the importance of “Finishing Soldiers are doing to help prepare our replacements is paying Safe”. -
Annex 2: List of 'Mountainous' Areas
Annex 2: List of ‘Mountainous’ areas Settlements designated as ‘Mountainous’ areas (>700m) Municipality LAU 2 City: Berovo and villages: Budinarci, Vladimirovo, Dvorishte, Berovo Machevo, Mitrashinci, Ratevo, Rusinovo and Smojmirovo. Villages: Bratin Dol, Brusnik, Bukovo, Gopesh, Graeshnica, Dihovo, Dolenci, Dragos, Drevenik, Gjavato, Zlokukani, Kazani, Kisava, Bitola Krklino, Lavci, Lera, Lisolaj, Lopatica, Magarevo, Maloviste, Metimir, Nizepole, Oblakovo, Orehovo, Ostrec, Ramna, Rotino, Svinishte, Snegovo, Srpci, Staro Zmirnovo, Strezevo, Trnovo, Capari. Villages: Gorno Palchiste, Jelovjane, Novakje, Novo Selo, Rakovec, Bogovinje Selce Kec, Sinichane and Urvic. Brvenica Village: Gurgurnica Butel Village : Ljubanci Vasilevo Villages: Kushkulija, Nivichino. Vevchani Village: Vevchani Veles Village: Novo Selo Vinica Villages: Grljani, Kalimanci, Laki, Trshino. Villages: Vranovci, Gorjane, Novo Selo, Gurgjevishte, Kalishte, Vrapchishte Lomnica, Pozarane. Gevgelija Village: Huma Villages:Brodec, Vrutok, Gorno Jelovce, Gorna Djonovica, Dolno Jelovce, Dolna Djonovica , Zelezna Reka, Korito, Kunovo, Leshnica, Gostivar Merdita, Mitroj Krsti, Padalishte, Pechkovo, Simnica, Srbinovo, Strajane, Rechane, Trnovo, Kafa. Gradsko Village: Dvorishte Villages: Banishte, Gari, Gorno Kosovrasti, Krivci, Mogorche, Osoj, Debar Rajchica, Tatar Elevci, Hame, Dzepishte. Villages: Arbinovo, Brezani, Vrbjani, Godivje, Gorno Sredorecie, GrkoPole, Dolno Sredorecie, Zlesti, Klimeshtani, Laktinje, Mramorec, Debarca Slatino, Slatinski Ciflik, Slivovo, Soshani, Turje, -
Initial Indictment in the Case Boskoski and Tarculovski IT-04-82
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Case No.: IT-04-82 THE PROSECUTOR OF THE TRIBUNAL AGAINST LJUBE BOSKOSKI JOHAN TARCULOVSKI INDICTMENT The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, pursuant to her authority under Article 18 of the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia ("the Statute of the Tribunal"), charges: LJUBE BOSKOSKI JOHAN TARCULOVSKI with VIOLATIONS OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR, as set forth below: THE ACCUSED LJUBE BOSKOSKI 1. Ljube BOSKOSKI was born on 24 October 1960 in the town of Tetovo in the Republic of Macedonia of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. From May 2001 until November 2002, Ljube BOSKOSKI was the Minister of Interior of FYROM. At this time, he was a prominent member of the governing political party known as the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity ("VMRO- DPMNE"). JOHAN TARCULOVSKI 2. Johan TARCULOVSKI was born on 17 November 1974 in the city of Skopje in the Republic of Macedonia of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 2001, he was a police officer acting as an Escort Inspector in the President’s Security Unit. His duties included providing personal security for the President. At the same time he was a member of VMRO-DPMNE. INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY Article 7(1) of the Statute of the Tribunal 3. Johan TARCULOVSKI is individually criminally responsible pursuant to Article 7(1) of the Statute of the Tribunal for crimes referred to in Article 3 of the Statute of the Tribunal as alleged in this Indictment, which he committed, ordered, planned, instigated or aided and abetted. -
The OSCE and the Creation of Multi-Ethnic Police Forces in the Balkans
Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg Thorsten Stodiek The OSCE and the Creation of Multi-Ethnic Police Forces in the Balkans Working Paper 14 Thorsten Stodiek The OSCE and the Creation of Multi-Ethnic Police Forces in the Balkans CORE Working Paper 14 Hamburg 2006 2 Contents Preface and Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………6 Chapter 1 Introduction: Challenges of Police Reform in Post-Socialist War-Torn Societies ………………….. …………………………………….7 1.1 Police Reform in Ethno-Political Post-Conflict Situations ……… ……………7 1.1.1 The Ethno-Political Dimension of Police Reform …… ………………………..7 1.1.2 Structural Deficiencies of Post-Socialist Police Forces ………………………..9 1.1.3 Resource Problems and the Question of Reform Ownership .. ………………...9 1.2 Objectives and Methodology of the Study …………………………………... 10 1.2.1 The Written Survey …………………………………………………………...10 1.2.2 Research Questions and Variables of Analysis ……………………………… 13 1.2.3 Problems in Evaluating the Results of Police Reform ………………..………13 1.3 Structural Deficiencies within the Police System: The Yugoslav Legacy …... 14 1.4 The Legacies of Ethno-Political Violent Conflict …………………………… 16 Chapter 2 Kosovo ………………………………………………………………………18 2.1 Mandate ……………………………………………………………………… 18 2.2 Building up the Kosovo Police Service ……………………………………… 18 2.2.1 Recruitment ……………………………………………...……………………19 2.2.2 Academy Training …………………….…………………………………….. 20 2.2.2.1 Evaluation of Training by KPS Cadets ……………………………………… 22 2.2.2.2 Assessment of Qualification of the Cadets ……………………………… 23 2.2.3 Field Training ……………………………………………………………….. 24 2.2.4 Efforts to Win the Trust of the Local Population …………………………… 25 2.2.5 Excursus: Reform of the Judicial and Penal System ………………………… 26 2.2.6 Police-Related Law Reform …………………………………………………. -
A Study in the Theory and Practice of Destabilization: Violence and Strategies of Survival in Ottoman Macedonia (1903-1913)
Gábor Demeter Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics A Study in the Theory and Practice of Destabilization: Violence and Strategies of Survival in Ottoman Macedonia (1903-1913) 1 This study has been supported by the Bolyai János Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This book was produced under the auspices of the Research Centre for the Humanities of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and with the support of the National Bank of Hungary. Gábor Demeter, PhD (2007) in History and (2008) in Earth Sciences at Debrecen University is a research fellow at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of History (Budapest). His main research topics are: social and economic development on the Balkan Peninsula, diplomatic relations between Austria-Hungary and the Balkan States (1878-1914), historical geography of Hungary in 19th century. Secretary of the Bulgarian–Hungarian Joint Academic Commission of Historians and editor of the Hungarian Historical Review. Habilitated in 2017 at Debrecen University. Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics, PhD in History (2008, Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest) is a senior research fellow at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of History (Budapest), leader of the Department for Southeastern European Studies (2015-2017). Formerly he taught at the Eötvös Loránd University (2008-2012), he was an academic co-worker of the Südost-Institut in Munich (2003-2004) and of the Library of the Albanien-Institut at the Institute for East European History (University of Vienna, 2005-2006). Currently he deals with the Balkan-policy of Austria-Hungary, the nation- and state-building processes in the Balkans, Humanitarian Interventions in the Balkans and with the history of Albania, Serbia, Kosovo and Macedonia in the 19th and 20th century. -
Under Accent of the City Tetovo's Speech
DOI 10.20544/HORIZONS.A.19.1.16.P25 UDC 811.163.3’27 THE SPECIFICS OF THE REDUCED /Ă/ UNDER ACCENT OF THE CITY TETOVO’S SPEECH (HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC 1 APPROACHES) MA Dijana Petrovska University of Tetovo, [email protected] ABSTRACT The reduction of vowels under accent is not a common aspect in the Macedonian dialects. The specific of the city Tetovo’s speech is exactly in the identification of the social phenomena reduction of the vowels under accent. It is a result of phonetic reasons (dynamic accent, fast speech) or imitation of pronouncement of a prestigious language. The reduction appears in the beginning of the word, in the middle of the word and at the end of the word. Under the influence of reduction, the vowel /а/ in the city Tetovo’s speech in separate lexemes crosses in the semi-sound /ă/ in the syllable which is under accent. The object of this analysis will be the pronunciation of the reduced /ă/ under accent in certain lexemes of the city Tetovo’s speech observed from a modern perspective with historical and sociolinguistic approach. Key words: reduction, city Tetovo’s speech, history, sociolinguistics, reduced /ă/. INTRODUCTION The sound system of Tetovo’s speech is consisted of six vowels and twenty-six consonants. Besides the six vowels a, e, i, o, u which are 1 original scientific paper 287 characteristic for the standard language as well, and are pronounced in the same way as in the standard language, in Tetovo’s speech, the dark vowel which is noted with the sign /ă/ is also distinguished: и у е о + ñ ă а In this speech all the vowels regarding the distribution can stand in all the positions of the word, in the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the word.