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Republic of Mozambique Study for Poverty Profile (Africa) Final Report

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Republic of Mozambique Study for Poverty Profile (Africa) Final Report Republic of Mozambique Study for Poverty Profile (Africa) Final Report March 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co. Ltd. POVERTY INDEX Basic data Population, Population GDP, PPP GDP per GDP Year total growth (billion capita PPP growth (million) (annual) US$) (US$) (annual) Mozambique 2008 20.747 2.7 18.3 885.2 6.8 Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook Database April 2010 Population growth rate is data in 2007. Source: MPD (2010) “Understanding Poverty and Well-being Mozambique: Third National Poverty Assessment" GDP growth rate data in 2009 Source: Republic of Mozambique (2010) "Report on the Development Goals" Poverty Inequality Poverty Incidence (%) Poverty Gap Survey Gini Source Year National Urban Rural Index Year Coefficient (national) POVERTY AND WELLBEING IN MOZAMBIQUE: 54.7 49.6 56.9 21.2 2008/09 0.414 2008/09 THIRD NATIONAL POVERTY ASSESSMENT Source: Third National Poverty Assessment (2010) NATIONAL MAP TANZANIA ZAMBIA Carbo Delgado NIassa MALAWI Nampula Tete Zambezi MOZAMBIQUE Manica ZIMBABWE Sofara Inhambane Gaza SOUTH AFRICA Maputo Maputo CIty SWAZILAND Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs "aid program according to Mozambique" SOCIAL INDICATOR MAP POVERTY RATE Incidence of poverty by province in 2009 in Mozambique Legend 50% or less 50% - 70% Not less than 70% National Average: 54.7% (2009) Source: UNDP (2010) Report on the Millennium Development Goals SCHOOL ATTENDANCE by province [6 to 12 years olds] Net EP enrolment rate for 6-12 year old children, by province in 2008 National Average: 81%（2008） Source: UNDP (2010) Report on the Millennium Development Goals INFANT MORTALITY RATE (for the past ten years) (death toll per 1 000 persons) aged 5 and under Under-five mortality rate by province (average in 10 years prior to the survey) National Average: 138（2008） Source: UNDP (2010) Report on the Millennium Development Goals CHRONIC MALNUTRITION: infants aged 5 years and under Percentage distribution by province of the prevalence of chronic malnutrition in children five years and under in Mozambique, 2008 Malnutrition National Average: 43.7%（2008） Source: UNDP (2010) Report on the Millennium Development Goals ROAD NETWORK IN MOZAMBIQUE Source: African Development Fund TABLE OF CONTENTS Poverty index National map Social indicator map Table of contents Abbreviation list I.National poverty information and basic information............................................................ 1 1.1 Data for poverty analysis ................................................................................................................1 1.2 National Poverty Information .........................................................................................................1 1.2.1 Macroeconomic Indicators and Poverty Indicators......................................................................1 1.2.2 Basic Information.........................................................................................................................2 1.2.3 Poverty measured by Non-economic aspects...............................................................................6 II.Poverty reduction strategy ................................................................................................... 13 2.1 National Poverty Reduction Strategy............................................................................................13 2.2 Policies in each sector...................................................................................................................14 2.2.1 Agricultural Sector.....................................................................................................................14 2.2.2 Health Sector..............................................................................................................................14 2.2.3 Educational Sector .....................................................................................................................15 2.2.4 Rural Development and Economic Promotion ..........................................................................16 2.2.5 Infrastructure Development Sector ............................................................................................16 2.2.6 Water Supply Sector...................................................................................................................17 III.Poverty Analysis................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Analysis by Income Poverty ......................................................................................................17 3.1.1 Analysis of income poverty .......................................................................................................17 3.1.2 National and Provincial poverty situation..................................................................................19 3.2 Unequal Index and its trend .......................................................................................................23 3.2.1 Gini coefficient ..........................................................................................................................24 3.3 Poverty analysis by other methodology other than Income Poverty..........................................25 3.3.1 Designated areas/groups by the Government.............................................................................25 3.3.2 Vulnerability Analysis................................................................................................................26 3.4 Factor Affecting Poverty............................................................................................................28 3.4.1 Domestic Factors .......................................................................................................................28 3.4.2 Poverty Reduction by Geopolitical Factor and Private Investment ...........................................34 3.4.3 Factors in Globalisation .............................................................................................................35 IV Medical insurance and service targets people in poverty................................................. 35 V. Financial service which the poor can use............................................................................ 36 5.1 Microfinance.................................................................................................................................36 5.2 Mobile Banking ............................................................................................................................39 IV.Livelihood Support to people and households in poverty................................................. 39 V. Poverty reduction monitoring.............................................................................................. 40 VI.Methodology to update poverty profile in Mozambique.................................................. 48 THE INDEX OF CHARTS Table1-1 Macroeconomic indicators and a poverty related index (1999-2010) ........................2 Table1-2 Population by Regions and Provinces (1997-2011).................................................4 Table1-3 GDP ratio classified by sector (2005 and 2008) (unit: %)........................................5 Table1-4: The record on assistance form for Mozambique by modality (2005-2011) ...............6 Table1-5 Trend of HDI and composition index from 1970 to 2010 (five years intervals)..........7 Table1-6 Enrollment rate (ER) in basic and secondary education by regions...........................8 Table1- 7 Number of schools, teachers and students (2008-2009)..........................................9 Table1-8 Share of households with less than 45 minutes walk to the nearest primary health facility ...................................................................................................................10 Table1- 9 Share of Households with access to safe water....................................................10 Table1-10 Index of HIV/AID in Mozambique ...................................................................12 Table 1-11 Life expectancy at birth (2000-2009) (unit: age)................................................12 Table1-12 Components of GII .........................................................................................12 Table2- 1 Infrastructure support for Mozambique (unit: 1 million dollars)............................16 Table2-2 Share of households with access to a safe water source, 2002/03 and 2008/09.........17 Table2-3 Assistance by international organizations to the water sector (unit: 1 million dollars)17 Table 3-1 Overview of poverty line..................................................................................18 Table3- 2 The poverty line according to area (unit: metical (Mt)) ........................................19 Table3-3 Transition of a poverty rate ................................................................................21 Table3-4 Poverty Gap Trends ..........................................................................................22 Table3-5 Trend of Square poverty gap..............................................................................23 Table3-6 Trend of Gini coefficient (1996-2008) ................................................................24 Table3-7 The result of the general election in Mozambique (1994, 2004, 2009) (unit: %) ......26 Table3-8 The list of local governing parties in major
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