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Multipurpose Development of the Eastern Nile, One–System Inventory Report on Water Resource Related Data and Information EGYPT

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Multipurpose Development of the Eastern Nile, One–System Inventory Report on Water Resource Related Data and Information EGYPT Multipurpose Development of the Eastern Nile, One–System inventory report on water resource related Data and information EGYPT ENTRO (Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office) Draft By Eng. Ahmen Fahmy Egypt July 2006 Disclaimer This Consultants report does not necessarily represent the views and opinions of Easter Nile technical Regional Office (ENTRO) or any institution of the Eastern Nile Countries. The designation employed in the maps and the presentation of the material in this document does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Eastern Nile Technical Office concerning the legal or constitutional status of any administrative region, state or Governorate ,country, or concerning the delimitation of any frontier. Draft Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................v 1- INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1 1-1 General.................................................................................................................1 1-2 Objectives ............................................................................................................2 1-3 Outlines................................................................................................................2 2- BASIN PHYSICAL FEATURES .............................................................................3 2-1 General.................................................................................................................3 2-2 Basin Physical Features: River Network Related................................................3 a) Major rivers, lakes and wetlands, and their basic features...............................3 b) River Network maps (scale 1:2,000,000) ..........................................................5 c) Longitudinal Profile of major Rivers (Scale 1:10,000,000) ..............................5 3-HYDROLOGY AND CLIMATE ..............................................................................6 3-1 Climate.................................................................................................................6 a) Mean Annual Rainfall patterns and its variability ............................................6 b) Annual Rainfall Trends......................................................................................7 c) Mean Annual Evaporation Rates.......................................................................7 d) Evaporation Rates at Lake Nasser ....................................................................7 3-2 Flow Characteristics ............................................................................................8 3-3 Sediment Transport..............................................................................................8 a) Historical reservoir sedimentation rates...........................................................8 b) Lake Nasser Sedimentation ...............................................................................9 c) Compilation of SedimentDraft problem ...................................................................11 d) AHD operation Strategy ..................................................................................11 e) Mitigation/ corrective measures ......................................................................12 3-4 Flood Peaks........................................................................................................12 a) Flood Management Prior To AHD.................................................................12 4- WATER INFRASTRUCTURE...............................................................................14 4-1 Water Utilization Overview...............................................................................14 4-2 Hydropower.......................................................................................................14 a) Existing hydropower schemes .........................................................................14 ii b) Electric Transmission Network .......................................................................16 c) Characteristics of Installed Hydropower Stations...........................................16 d) Total annual energy generated from existing schemes ...................................16 e) Value of power generated................................................................................17 f) Impact of low flows...........................................................................................17 4-3 Irrigation Schemes.............................................................................................17 a) Historical Overview.........................................................................................17 b) Irrigation Improvement ...................................................................................18 c) Locations and Features of existing Irrigation schemes...................................18 d) Diversion requirements for the schemes .........................................................18 e) Flow variability and associated impact on irrigation schemes.......................19 4-4 Navigation .........................................................................................................20 a) River reaches ...................................................................................................20 b) Vessel size, type, and classification.................................................................20 c) Navigation constrains......................................................................................21 4-5 Storage and Diversion Schemes ........................................................................22 a) Storage Capacity .............................................................................................22 b) Major off-take (diversion) infrastructure and their main features..................24 c) Other diversion schemes..................................................................................24 5- WATER RESOURCES OPPORTUNITIES...........................................................25 5-1 Hydropower Potentials ......................................................................................25 a) The Planned Hydropower plants on the Nile Barrages: .................................25 b) Possible Sites for Mini-Hydropower Installation:...........................................25 5-2 Irrigation PotentialsDraft ...........................................................................................25 6- MAJOR ISSUES IN WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN THE EASTERN NILE...........................................................30 6-1 Floods, Droughts, and Sea Intrusion .................................................................30 a) Major floods and damage assessment.............................................................30 b) Droughts ..........................................................................................................31 c) Sea Water Intrusion .........................................................................................33 ANNOTATED REFERENCE.....................................................................................34 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................39 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS AHD Aswan High Dam AHDA Aswan High Dam Authority AHDL Aswan High Dam Lake AMSL Above Mean Sea Level BCM Billion Cubic Meter CMPS Cubic Meter Per Second DWT Depth-Weight-Tonnage EN Eastern Nile ENSAPT Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program ENTRO Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office FAO Food and Agriculture Organization Feddan Area Unit equal to 4200 m2 = 1.038 acre. ha hectare JMP Joint Multipurpose Projects LN Lake Nasser MCM Million cubic meter MWRI Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation NBI Nile Basin Initiative NFP National Focal Person/Point NRI Nile Research Institute, NWRC NWRC National Water Resources Center, MWRI NWS Nile Water Sector OSI One SystemDraft Inventory PJTC Permanent Joint Technical Commission for Nile waters ppm Part per million RTA River Transport Authority SAP Subsidiary Action Program SVP Shared Vision Program SWECO Swedish commission for Technical Cooperation iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Under the Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENSAP), planning is underway for the multipurpose development of the region. As part of the initial activities in this exercise, the Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office (ENTRO), a joint establishment of the three Eastern Nile (EA) countries, Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan, is interested to conduct a preliminary assessment of the Nile Basin resources and development opportunities. The assessment, which is known as ‘One-System Inventory’ has three components dealing with Water Resources, Environment and Socio-economy. The objective of this consultancy report is to compile essential information on water and related resources of Egypt that can be used for proper planning of the initial activities in the Eastern Nile Sub-basin under the EN Multipurpose Development Program. The work also includes data compilation and report preparation, including comments on data quality, and annotated list of references. The main sources of the River Nile are found in the Ethiopian plateau and the Equatorial Lakes
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