PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 112(1), 2010, pp. 69–80

ORIUS (HETERORIUS) VICINUS (RIBAUT) (: : ) IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA, A CORRECTION OF THE PAST

TAMERA M. LEWIS AND JOHN D. LATTIN

(TML) USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951-9651, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (JDL) Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, U.S.A.

Abstract.—Collection records for the Palearctic flower bug (Heterorius) minutus (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in western North America date back to 1930. This species can be very similar in appearance to another Palearctic species, Orius (Heterorius) vicinus (Ribaut). Positive identification is made by examination of the genitalia. We now report O. vicinus from western North America. Over 250 specimens belonging to the subgenus Heterorius were examined from collections made between 1930–2008 in western Washington, western Oregon and western British Columbia. These specimens were identified as O. vicinus, suggesting that all previous records of O. minutus in North America are based on misidentifications of O. vicinus. We observe that O. vicinus can have more extensive darkening on the legs than has been reported in the literature, which may have been a factor contributing to confusion of this species with O. minutus. Key Words: introduced species, Orius minutus, misidentification, genitalia DOI: 10.4289.0013-8797.112.1.69

The genus Orius Wolff is global in ic to the Western Hemisphere, do not fit distribution and contains over 70 iden- well into the current classification tified species. These small are (Herring 1966, Woodward and Postle found on a variety of plant species, 1986, Herna´ndez and Stonedahl 1999). usually as predators of other Several species within the subgenus (Pe´ricart 1972). The genus is separated Heterorius Wagner are so similar in into seven subgenera—Orius s. str., external appearance that examination of Dimorphella, Heterorius, Microtrache- the genitalia is required for positive lia, Paraorius, Xylorius, and Trichorius identification (Pe´ricart 1972, Yasunaga (Wagner 1952; Pe´ricart 1972; Yasunaga 1997b). The left paramere in the genus and Miyamoto 1993; Yasunaga 1997a, Orius begins with a basal foot and then c). A revision of the subgenera appears spirals upward to a rather flattened main to be needed, as a number of Orius body which terminates in a cone (or species, including many species endem- lame). In the subgenus Heterorius a curved, sharpened flagellum and a tooth * Accepted by Michael W. Gates (dent) are attached near the base of the 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON cone. Species within this subgenus the earliest known specimen collected differ by length of the flagellum, size in 1930 from Seattle. and placement of the tooth, and shape Orius (Heterorius) vicinus (Ribaut) of the cone (Ribaut 1923, Pe´ricart may closely resemble O. minutus. The 1972). Orius (Heterorius) species may sculpture on the pronotum differs in the also be separated by the size, shape and two species, but viewing this feature segmentation of the copulatory tube in can be difficult and requires care with the female (Pe´ricart 1972). lighting. The posterior lobe of the Orius species recorded from the pronotum is finely, closely punctured continental United States and Canada and transversely wrinkled in O. vicinus, include six native species not assigned and coarsely punctured and less wrin- to a subgenus (Herring 1966), and two kled in O. minutus (Ribaut 1923, Palearctic species belonging to the Pe´ricart 1972). Coloration is sometimes subgenus Heterorius. Orius (Hetero- used to separate these two species. Both rius) majusculus (Reuter), was recently species may have entirely pale heme- reported from Ontario, Canada (Henry lytra and legs, or may have dark 2008). Orius minutus (Linnaeus), which markings, but O. minutus is more likely resembles several other Orius (Hetero- than O. vicinus to have darkening on the rius) species, has been recorded from hemelytra (Pe´ricart 1972), and the the western United States and western possible extent of darkening on the legs Canada for more than seven decades. of O. minutus exceeds that of O. vicinus Tonks (1953) was the first to report O. (Ribaut 1923, Pe´ricart 1972). Examina- minutus from North America, based on tion of the genitalia is often necessary specimens collected in southwestern for identification of these species. British Columbia. Anderson (1962) In this study, we present evidence added other records from British Co- that the previous North American lumbia; Seattle and Bothell, Washing- records for O. minutus actually refer ton; and Albany, Oregon. Downes to Orius vicinus. We first report on an (1957) and Anderson (1962) suggested intensive collection of Orius made in that the species had become established the Seattle area during 2007–2008. We in North America by introductions into then summarize results from our exam- the Pacific Northwest. Kelton (1963, ination of other specimens of Orius 1978) and Herring (1966) included O. collected from 1930 to 2007 from minutus in keys to New World Orius British Columbia, Oregon and Wash- after examining specimens from British ington. We compare the North Ameri- Columbia, Oregon, and Washington. can specimens to representatives of O. Henry (1988), Barnes et al. (2000), vicinus and O. minutus collected in Maw et al. (2000), and Scudder and Europe and Asia, and discuss characters Foottit (2005) based their records of O. used to separate the two species. North minutus from North America on these American plant records for O. vicinus earlier literature reports. Lattin et al. are listed. (1989) reviewed the history and geo- MATERIALS AND METHODS graphic distribution of O. minutus in North America. They provided diagno- Abbreviations.—MCAREC, Mid- ses and illustrations of the adult and the Columbia Agricultural Research and 5th instar nymph, reviewed feeding Extension Center, Hood River, Oregon; habits, and reported additional records OSAC, Oregon State Collec- from the Pacific Northwest, including tion, Oregon State University, Corvallis, VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 71

Oregon; PARC, Pacific Agri-Food Re- imens sent to us as O. minutus from search Centre, Agassiz, British Colum- Japan and specimens sent as unidenti- bia, Canada; YARL, Yakima Agricul- fied Orius from Turkey, Thailand, and tural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, England that we identified as O. minu- Wapato, Washington. tus or O. vicinus. Source of insects.—Over 200 speci- Examination of genitalia.—Dissec- mens of Orius (Heterorius) were col- tions were done under a stereomicro- lected from trees, shrubs, and herba- scope using pins as tools. Before ceous plants at four sites in King dissection, specimens were softened in County, Washington during 2007– hot water. To examine the copulatory 2008. Two sites are urban areas within tube of the female, the distal half of the the cities of Seattle and Issaquah; the abdomen was removed and placed in other two sites are in forested foothills 10% KOH at room temperature for near the towns of Preston and North about three hours, then rinsed and Bend. Each insect was examined under placed in a drop of water on a a stereo microscope at 503 for external microscope slide. The dorsal abdominal features used to help distinguish O. segments and any adhering internal vicinus from O. minutus. These features matter were removed to expose the included punctation of the pronotum, copulatory tube. The copulatory tube darkening of the legs, and dark mark- originates in the intersegmental mem- ings on the hemelytra. The specimens brane between ventral abdominal seg- were uniform in pronotal punctation but ments VII and VIII (Carayon 1972) and variable in extent of dark markings. The is appressed to the interior wall of collection was sorted by sex and by ventral segment VII. The ventral por- presence or absence of darkening on the tion of the abdomen was positioned cuneus and legs. A subset of specimens with the interior wall facing up, covered was then chosen for examination of with a glass slip, and the copulatory genitalia. This subset contained both tube examined under a compound darkened and undarkened representa- microscope at 2003. If excessively tives and included specimens collected cleared, the copulatory tube was dyed from various plant genera. with chlorazol black E suspended in Orius (Heterorius) collected in pre- 70% alcohol. Copulatory tubes of O. vious years and from other sites were vicinus (n ¼ 8, source U.S.A. and also examined. Lattin et al. (1989) Turkey) and O. minutus (n ¼ 8, source suggested the possibility of three sepa- Japan and Thailand) were photographed rate introductions of Orius minutus into at 2003 and measured with digital North America, as records are clustered software. around the localities of Vancouver For examination of the male genita- (British Columbia), Seattle (Washing- lia, the terminal abdominal segments ton) and Portland (Oregon). Represen- were removed and placed on a slide in a tatives were examined from all three drop of water. The paramere was areas. These specimens were found detached and adhering material was housed as O. minutus in collections at teased away from its basal foot. The YARL, OSAC, MCAREC, and PARC. paramere, flattened face upwards, was Finally, Orius collected from Europe floated on a drop of glycerol and and Asia were compared with the North examined under a compound micro- American insects. These included spec- scope at 2003. 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Species identification.—Identifica- as described in the European literature tion was made primarily by the use of for O. vicinus (Ribaut 1923, Pe´ricart Pe´ricart’s key to the Orius of the 1972), and not the coarse punctures western Palearctic (Pe´ricart 1972). We described for O. minutus (Fig. 2). Some also referred to keys and discussion in specimens had the hemelytra and legs Ribaut (1923), Elov (1976), and Bu and colored entirely light yellowish brown; Zheng (2001). Parameres and copulato- others had darkening on the cunei and ry tubes from our dissections were legs (usually confined to the hind compared with illustrations in the femora). Darkening differed between literature. Parameres of O. vicinus and sexes (Table 1). Blackish cunei ocurred in 87% of males; dark brown cunei O. minutus (and other Orius (Hetero- ocurred in 3% of females. The hind rius) species) are illustrated in Ribaut femora were dark in 89% of females (1923), Wagner (1952), Woodroffe and 11% of males. Of the 143 females ´ (1971), Pericart (1972), Elov (1976), with dark hind femora, 11 had the and Bu and Zheng (2001). Copulatory middle femora also darkened, and four tubes of Orius (Heterorius) species, of the latter had darkening on the basal including O. vicinus and O. minutus, half of the hind tibiae. Of the six males are illustrated in Pe´ricart (1972) and Bu with darkened hind femora, four also and Zheng (2001). Copulatory tubes of had darkening on the hind tibiae. The O. minutus and other Japanese Orius specimens with dark hind tibiae were of (Heterorius) species are shown in special note, as Ribaut (1923) and Yasunaga (1997b). Pe´ricart (1972) considered this degree of darkening to be possible for O. RESULTS minutus but not O. vicinus. Specimens of Orius collected from Specimens chosen for examination of King County, Washington in 2007– genitalia encompassed the range of 2008 included 161 females and 55 color variation, and included all of the males found on 20 genera and 14 insects having dark tibiae. All 35 families of plants. Plant records includ- females and 24 males that were dissect- ed Asteraceae (two unidentified spe- ed from our 2007–2008 samples were cies), Betulaceae (Alnus, Betula, Carpi- found to be O. vicinus. The parameres nus, Corylus), Buddlejaceae (Buddleja), of O. vicinus (Fig. 3) and O. minutus Caprifoliaceae (Viburnum), Fagaceae (Fig. 4) differ by the placement of the (Fagus, Quercus), Magnoliaceae (Lir- tooth and the length and shape of the iodendron), Malvaceae (Hibiscus), flagellum (Ribaut 1923, Pe´ricart 1972). Onagraceae (Fuchsia), Ranunculaceae The tooth of O. minutus originates near (Clematis), Rosaceae (Holodiscus, Ro- the base of the flagellum and follows sa, Rubus), Rutaceae (Zanthoxylum), the top edge of the cone, whereas the Salicaceae (Salix), Tiliaceae (Tilia), tooth of O. vicinus is located more and Urticaceae (Urtica). Orius nymphs centrally on the cone. The flagellum of (reared to adult stage for identification) O. minutus is longer than that of O. were found on Alnus, Fuchsia, Hibis- vicinus and more ventrally expanded at cus, Quercus, Rosa, Urtica, Viburnum the base. The copulatory tube of O. and Zanthoxylum. vicinus (Fig. 5) has three segments—a All specimens of Orius from the thick walled basal segment about 3 King County collections had fine punc- timesaslongasthediameter,an tures and transverse wrinkling on the intermediate segment about 60–70% as posterior lobe of the pronotum (Fig. 1), long as the basal segment, and a thinner, VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 73

Figs. 1–2. Orius spp. pronota, setae partially removed. 1, O. vicinus, British Columbia. 2, O. minutus, Japan. hooked apical segment (Pe´ricart 1972). about 5 times as long as wide and the The apical segment is about 80–100% apical segment is straight or slightly as long as the two basal segments arched (Pe´ricart 1972). There is a short combined. The copulatory tube of O. intermediate segment (in contradiction minutus (Fig. 6) has a basal segment to literature reports; see below) about 20% as long as the basal segment; the Table 1. Orius vicinus, King Co., Washington apical segment is about 50–90% as long 2007–2008. Presence of darkening on cunei and as the basal segments combined. femora. We then re-examined 48 specimens All femora pale Hind femora dark* of Orius collected from other western cunei dark 0/ 42? 5/ 6? North American sites, as well as 15 cunei pale 18/ 7? 138/ 0? specimens collected in earlier years from the Seattle, Washington area. * Includes 11 females and 4 males with additional darkening on legs. These insects included seven females 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 3–6. Orius spp. genitalia. 3–4, parameres: 3, O. vicinus, Washington. 4, O. minutus, Japan. 5–6, copulatory tubes: 5, O. vicinus, Washington (dyed). 6, O. minutus, Japan. f, flagellum; c, cone; t, tooth. and three males collected in western dark brown hemelytra. Among the re- British Columbia in 1954–2001, 33 examined insects were 10 females and females and five males collected in one male with an extent of leg darken- western Oregon (the Portland area, the ing that included the basal half of the mid-Willamette Valley and the Hood hind tibiae; one female had darkened River area of the Columbia River gorge) mid-tibiae as well. Specimens selected in 1957–2007, and 15 females collected for genitalia examination included three in or near Seattle in 1930–2005. The from British Columbia (Surrey 1999, specimens were similar in appearance Harrison Lake 2001, Sumas 2001), to the 2007–2008 King County, Wash- three from the Seattle area (1930, ington specimens except that a few 1938, and 2004), and nine from western examples from British Columbia had Oregon (Benton Co. 2007, Clackamas VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 75

Co. 1962, Columbia Co. 1967, Lane Seattle, 29 July 1930, M.H. Hatch, 1/ Co. 2000, Multnomah Co. 2000, Hood (1)[OSAC]; 7 May 1931, 1/ [OSAC]; River Co. 1971, 1981, 2002). All 2 July 1931, M.H. Hatch 1/ [OSAC]; dissected insects (which included the 27 May 1933, L.C. Snyder, 1/ darkest individuals) had copulatory [OSAC]; July 1961, 1/ [OSAC]; Seat- tubes or parameres matching those tle, University of Washington campus, illustrated for O. vicinus. 27 April 1937, 1/ [OSAC]; 7 April Specimens of Orius from Europe and 1938, Patterson, 1/ [OSAC]; 4 May Asia were examined for comparison to 1948, M.H. Hatch, 1/ [OSAC]; 8 April the North American material. These 1938, E. Dailey, 2/ (1) [OSAC]; 1 May included O. minutus from Japan and 1964, 1/ [OSAC]; 22 April 1968, 1/ Thailand and O. vicinus from Turkey [OSAC]; 26 August 2007, Alnus , T.M. and England. The genitalia and pronotal Lewis, 3? (3 ); Betula 8/ 1? (2); punctation of our North American specimens were dissimilar to those of Rubus 1/ 2? (2); Liriodendron tulipi- the Asian O. minutus, but were like fera,1/ 2? (1); Clematis 2/ (2); those of the European and Asian O. Seattle, Lake Washington,13 Sept 2008, vicinus. The female O. vicinus from Viburnum tinus [L.], L. Scaife, 3? (2); England, like some of the North Alnus,2/; flowering vine, 3? (2); American specimens, had darkening Seattle, Lake Washington, 13 Sept on all femoral pairs and the posterior 2008, Corylus avellana [L.], D. Broers, half of the hind tibiae. 7/ 2? (6); Salix 8/ 3? (4); Seattle, Material examined.—The number of Lake Washington, 13 Sept 2008, Zan- specimens dissected for examination of thoxylum piperitum [(L.) DC], D. genitalia is included here in parenthe- Broers, M. Bayer, 3/ (1); Tilia platy- ses. Unless indicated otherwise, all phyllos [Scop.], 5/ (3); Seattle, Lake specimens were from the collection at Washington, 13 Sept 2008, Carpinus YARL. Orius vicinus: CANADA. japonica [Blume], M. Bayer, 4/ (2); BRITISH COLUMBIA. 10 mi E Mis- Seattle, Lake Washington,13 Sept 2008, sion City, 31 July 1954, ex Hazel., N. Quercus, M. Bayer, L. Scaife, 28/ 5? Anderson, 1/ [OSAC]; Surrey, 30 Sept (6); Seattle, UW campus, 15 Aug 2008, 1999, ex sweep of clover, goldenrod, Tilia, D. Broers, 4/ 2? (1); Issaquah, D.M. Higginson, A. Sanchez, 1? 10 August 1996, Alnus rubra [Bong.] as [PARC]; Sumas, Dixon Rd, 27 Aug nymph, D. Horton, 1/; Issaquah, 20 2001, goldenrod, D. Quiring, 2? (1) July 2004, D. Horton, 1/ (1); Issaquah, [PARC]; Delta, 49803.9050N, 14 Sept 2007, Salix, D. Broers, M. 123800.2130W, 0 m, 31 July 2001, Bayer, 2/ 2? (3); Issaquah, 14 Sept Grindelia, yarrow, goldenrod, aster, 2007, Holodiscus, M. Bayer, 1/ 1? meadow above tideline, Gillespie, Quir- (2); 3 mi W Preston, 02 July 2008, ing, Goulet & Goulet, 2/ [PARC]; Urtica dioica [L.], D. Broers, M. Bayer, Harrison Lake, 30 July 2001, at fish 1/ 3? (2); 5 mi S North Bend, hatchery and on Hemlock Valley Rd, Rattlesnake Lake, 25 April 2005, Salix, Gillespie, Goulet & Goulet, 2/ (1) T.M. Lewis, M. Bayer, 1/; Clark Co.: [PARC]; Agassiz, Pacific Research Battleground, 20 June 2004, Salix, T.M. Centre, 30 July 2001, pasture, hayfield, Lewis, 1?; Skamania Co.: Wind River, clover, grasses, Gillespie, Goulet & blackberry, 30 Sept 2000, D. Broers Goulet, 2/ (1) [PARC]. UNITED 1/. OREGON. Benton Co.: Corvallis, STATES. WASHINGTON. King Co.: 10 May 1989, filbert, A. Asquith, 1/ 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

[OSAC]; Corvallis, 29 Sept 2007, vicinus collected in 2008 were deposit- ornamental flower, T.M. Lewis, 2/ ed in the Oregon State Arthropod 1? (3); Clackamas Co.: 8 mi E of Collection, Corvallis and the W. F. Barr Oregon City, 3 Aug 1962, sweeping Collection, University of Idaho, Mos- potatoes, H.E. Morrison, R.F. Koontz, cow. 2/ (1) [OSAC]; Columbia Co.: Beaver, DISCUSSION rose bloom, 6 July 1967, Kenneth Goeden, 2/ (1) [OSAC]; Hood River Orius (Heterorius) vicinus can be Co.: Hood River, 23 July 1971, ex. confused with several other Orius -infested apple leaf, R.W. Zwick, species, including Orius (Heterorius) 1/ (1) [MCAREC]; Hood River, Expt. minutus, Orius (Heterorius) horvathi Sta., 30 April 1981, ex pear, R.W.Z., (Reuter), Orius (Heterorius) sauteri 2/ (1) [MCAREC]; Hood River, 25 (Poppius), Orius (Heterorius) strigicol- April 2002, apple tree, D. Broers , 11/ lis (Poppius), Orius chinensis Bu and (2); Jefferson Co.: Culver, 20 July 1962, Zheng, and males of Orius (Heterorius) sweeping grass & potato, R.F. Koontz, laticollis (Reuter) (Pe´ricart 1972, Yasu- 1/ [OSAC]; Lane Co.: Elmira, 08 Sept naga 1993, Bu and Zheng 2001). For 2000, Quercus, T.M. Lewis, 3/; Ven- these species, examination of the male genitalia is required for positive identi- eta, 8 Sept 2000, oak tree, T.M. Lewis, fication. It is important during exami- 1? (1); Linn Co.: 7 mi NE Albany, 5 nation that the external face of the June 1957, ex raspberry, John D. Lattin, paramere is parallel to the plane of 3/ [OSAC]; Multnomah Co.: Portland, view; the apparent placement of the wood importer, 10 July 2000, funnel tooth will be altered by an oblique view trap w ethanol lure, 1? (1) [OSAC]; (Ribaut 1923). Misidentification of spe- Portland, wood importer, 24 July 2000 , cies belonging to the subgenus Hetero- funnel trap w ethanol lure, 1/ (1) rius has led to errors in the literature [OSAC]; Portland, port vicinity, 10 Sept and in labeling of museum holdings 2003 funnel trap w ethanol lure, 1/ (Woodroffe 1971, Pe´ricart 1972). [OSAC]; Bonneville Dam, #51–06, Pe´ricart (1972) described the copula- rural forest, 7 Aug 2002, EWB survey, tory tube of O. minutus as having two ex funnel traps with ethanol lure 1/; segments. The illustration in Bu and Washington Co: 5 mi N N. Plains, 10 Zheng (2001) also shows two segments. Aug 1960, ex Salix, J.D. Lattin, 1? However, the copulatory tubes of the O. [OSAC]; Yamhill Co.: McMinnville, minutus specimens that we examined, Peavine Ridge, 29 May 1958, ex viewed from the interior face of the Opulaster capitatus [Pursh], K. abdominal wall, actually had three McKay-Fender, 1/[OSAC]. UNITED segments (Fig. 6). We also found that KINGDOM, ENGLAND. Kent, July the copulatory tube of O. vicinus is 1998, J. Fitzgerald, 1/ (1). TURKEY. quite flexible at its attachment point and Antalya, 2000, pear orchard, F. Erler, in our dissections was often directed 4/ 2? (6). Orius minutus:THAI- nearly parallel with the midline of the LAND. Nakhon Pathom, 2006–2007, insect’s body (Fig. 5). In contrast, the eggplant,O.Kernasa,2/ 4? (6). base of the copulatory tube of O. JAPAN: Hokkaido¯, Obihiro City, 2009, minutus is more intimately attached to reared population, D. Musolin, 10/, the membrane at a 30 degree angle to a 10? (8). line drawn between abdominal seg- Vouchers of western Washington O. ments VII and VIII, with the basal VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 77 segment directed toward the side of the this may have been a factor in the abdomen (Fig. 6). original misidentifications in North Dark coloration on the legs is some- America. times used as an aid to separate species Orius vicinus and O. minutus are of Orius. The possible range of leg widespread in Europe and parts of Asia, darkening varies according to species although some distribution records may (Ribaut 1923). If legs are darkened, the be due to misidentifications, especially progression of darkening is from the in the earlier literature (Pe´ricart 1972). posterior pair to the anterior pair, and The two species overlap in distribution from the femora to the tibiae (Ribaut in much of Europe, but O. vicinus has a 1923). According to the literature, O. more restricted distribution in Asia. minutus can have a greater range of Orius vicinus has been reported from a darkening than O. vicinus. Orius minu- limited zone of latitude across several tus of both sexes may have entirely countries of the northern Middle East light-colored legs or may have darken- and central Asia, with the most eastern ing on as many as all pairs of femora records coming from Northern China and the hind tibiae (Ribaut 1923, and Mongolia (Pe´ricart 1996). Linna- Pe´ricart 1972). Yasunaga (1997b) stated vuori and Modarres (1998) added that Orius minutus always has dark records of O. vicinus for northeast Iran. markings on the hind femora. Orius Bu and Zheng (2001) provided addi- vicinus is usually uniformly yellowish tional distributional information for on the legs, although the hind femora both species in China. sometimes are darkened (Pe´ricart 1972, Orius vicinus is now known to be Larivie`re and Wearing 1994). Ribaut introduced in both North America and (1923) differed in his description, stat- New Zealand. The species has been ing that O. vicinus females may have all present in western North America since femora pairs darkened and the males at least 1930. It is currently found always have light femora. Ribaut (1923) mainly in the lowlands west of the and Pe´ricart (1972) agreed that the Cascade Mountain range and in the tibiae of O. vicinus are never darkened. western portion of the Columbia Gorge Our North American collections con- separating Washington and Oregon. The tained a number of specimens of O. species is not confined to a maritime vicinus that had darkening beyond the climate in its native Old World range range given for this species by either (see preceding paragraph), thus, it may Ribaut (1923) or Pe´ricart (1972). These spread eastward in North America. specimens included males with dark Orius vicinus was collected in New hind femora and females with dark mid Zealand in 1991 from orchards located femora. Most significantly, there were in the Otago region (Larivie`re and males and females with darkening on Wearing 1994), where it is now well the basal half of the hind tibiae—a established (Wearing and Colhoun coloration thought not to occur in O. 1999). vicinus (Ribaut 1923, Pe´ricart 1972). In In its native range, O. vicinus con- addition, a female from England had sumes mites, , thrips, and scale distinct darkening on the basal half of insects on trees, shrubs and herbaceous the hind tibiae and all femora. These plants (Fauvel 1971, 1974, 1999; Pe´ri- specimens had genitalia that clearly cart 1972; Elov 1976; Duso and Giro- identified them as O. vicinus. Orius lami 1983; Wearing and Colhoun 1999; vicinus may have darker markings than Lattin 2000). It may also feed on the has been published in the literature, and pollen of Rosacea flowers in the early 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON spring (Fauvel 1974). Orius vicinus has sity, Antalya, Turkey), Jean Fitzgerald been reported to be a potential source of (East Malling Research, Kent, United biological control in orchard ecosys- Kingdom), David Gillespie (PARC), tems. In European orchards, it has been Oraphan Kernasa (Kasetsart University, found on apple (Malus), pear (Pyrus), Nakhon Pathom, Thailand), and Dmitry plum (Prunus) and hazelnut (Corylus) Musolin (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Ja- (Pe´ricart 1972, Heitmans et al. 1986, pan). We thank Peter Shearer (MCAR- Fauvel 1999, Guidone et al. 2008). In EC) for a loan of Orius collected from New Zealand orchards, the species was Hood River, Oregon. Debra Broers, observed on apple and stonefruit, feed- Merilee Bayer, Lila Scaife, and David ing on mites, thrips, tortricid larvae, Horton (all YARL) contributed by nymphs, and leafcurling collecting specimens and identifying midges (Wearing and Colhoun 1999). plant material. We thank David Horton, In western North America, O. vicinus Thomas Henry (USDA-ARS, National (all misidentified as O. minutus) has Museum of Natural History, Washing- been reported from a variety of trees, ton, DC), Eugene Miliczky (YARL), shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Tonks and an anonymous reviewer for useful (1953) reported it on raspberry (Rubus) suggestions that improved the manu- and loganberry (Rubus loganobaccus script. We thank Christelle Gue´dot L.H. Bailey) in British Columbia, and (YARL) for assisting in translation of Anderson (1962) found it feeding on the French literature. mites on raspberry in Oregon. Kelton (1978) added British Columbia records LITERATURE CITED from Corylus, Spirea, Cytisus scoparius Anderson, N. H. 1962. Anthocoridae of the (L.) Link, Alnus, Humulus lupulus L., Pacific Northwest with notes on distributions, Trifolium, Prunus nigra Aiton, and life histories, and habits (Heteroptera). Ca- Malus. Booth (1992) reported adults nadian Entomologist 94: 1325–1334. and nymphs from pear trees in Hood Barnes, D. I., H. E. L. Maw, and G. G. E. River, Oregon. Lattin et al. (1989) Scudder. 2000. Early records of alien species of Heteroptera (Hemiptera: ) added Oregon records from Corylus, in Canada. Journal of the Entomological potatoes, rose bloom, apple leaf, oak Society of British Columbia 97: 95–102. and Opulaster capitatus (Pursh). Mate- Booth, S.R. 1992. The potential of endemic rial examined from a study by Gillespie natural enemies to suppress pear psylla, and Quiring (2006) in British Columbia Cacopsylla pyricola Fo¨rster in the Hood included specimens from goldenrod River Valley, OR. Ph.D. dissertation. Oregon Solidago State University, Corvallis, 142 pp. ( L.), and mixed clover and Bu, Wenjun and Leyi Zheng. 2001. Hemiptera. grasses. In King County, Washington, , , Anthocoridae. we collected O. vicinus from a number Fauna Sinica Insecta. Vol. 24. Science Press, of herbaceous and woody species of Beijing, China, 267 pp. plants, as summarized above. Possible Carayon, J. 1972. Caracte`res syste´matiques et prey observed on the plants included classification des Anthocoridae (Hemipt.). bark lice, psyllids, thrips, aphids, and Annales de la Socie´te´ Entomologique de France 8: 309–349. . Downes, W. 1957. Notes on some Hemiptera which have been introduced into British ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Columbia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 54: 11–13. We thank the following individuals Duso, C. and V. Girolami. 1983. Ruolo degli for donation of specimens from their Anthocoridi nel controllo del Panonychus countries: Fedai Erler (Akdeniz Univer- ulmi Koch nei vigneti. Bollettino dell’Istituto VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 79

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