Battery Recycling Batteries Are Essential to Our Mobile Lifestyle

Battery Recycling Batteries are essential to our mobile lifestyle. Phones, music Davis Street Resource DID YOU KNOW? Recovery Complex players, cameras and more make our lives convenient Davis Street collects over 2615 Davis Street because of the power supplied by batteries. However, the 125,000 batteries each year San Leandro, CA 94577 chemicals that give batteries their “juice” are considered for recycling. Hours of Operation: hazardous materials under California’s Universal Waste MON - FRI: 7:00 am - 5:00 pm SAT: 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Rule and are banned from the California landfills. MATERIAL MATTErs SUN: Closed The “juice” for batteries includes lead acid, nickel-cad- Today, 97% of automotive lead acid batteries are recycled in mium, and nickel-metal-hydride. These are found in the USA. As a result, over 50% common household items like surge protectors, batteries, of the lead supply comes from (AAA, AA, B, C, D), cell phones, and button batteries for recycled batteries. davisstreet.wm.com cameras. Rechargeable batteries, while less hazardous, contain lithium-ion and are also recyclable. The main objective for recycling batteries is to prevent hazardous materials from entering landfills. Some residents have curbside services for recycling household batteries. Check with your city to find out if this recycling program is available in your community. Regardless, all residents of Alameda County can recycle their batteries at the Household Hazardous Waste facilities in Oakland, Hayward and Fremont. Once collected, recyclers sort batteries into like chemis- tries. The batteries are then broken apart and materials are separated for recycling. To learn more about the recycling process of each of these materials, visit: www.batteryrecycling.com/Battery+Recycling+Process. ©2011 Waste Management, Inc. Printed on post-consumer recycled paper..

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Workplace Recycling
SETTING UP Workplace Recycling 1 Form a Enlist a group of employees interested in recycling and waste prevention to set up and monitor collection systems Recycling Team to ensure ongoing success. This is a great team-building exercise and can positively impact employee morale as well as the environment. 2 Determine Customize your recycling program based on your business. Consider performing a waste audit or take inventory of materials the kinds of materials in your trash & recycling. to recycle Commonly recycled business items: Single-Stream Recycling • Aluminum & tin cans; plastic & glass bottles • Office paper, newspaper, cardboard • Magazines, catalogs, file folders, shredded paper 3 Contact Find out if recycling services are already in place. If not, ask the facility or property manager to set them up. Point your facility out that in today’s environment, employees expect to recycle at work and that recycling can potentially reduce costs. If recycling is currently provided, check with the manager to make sure good recycling education materials or property are available to all employees. This will help employees to recycle right, improve the quality of recyclable materials, manager and increase recycling participation. 4 Coordinate Work station recycling containers – Provide durable work station recycling containers or re-use existing training containers like copy paper boxes. Make recycling available at each work station. with the Click: Get-Started-Recycling-w_glass or Get-Started-Recycling-without-glass to print recycling container labels. Label your trash containers as well: Get-Started-Trash-with-food waste or janitorial crew Get-Started-Trash -no-food waste. and/or staff Central area containers – Evaluate the type and size of containers for common areas like conference rooms, hallways, reception areas, and cafes, based on volume, location, and usage.
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A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Anode and Cathode Materials Derived from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
sustainability Article A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Anode and Cathode Materials Derived from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Guangwen Zhang 1, Zhongxing Du 1, Yaqun He 1,2,*, Haifeng Wang 1, Weining Xie 2,3 and Tao Zhang 4 1 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; [email protected] (G.Z.); [email protected] (Z.D.); [email protected] (H.W.) 2 Advanced Analysis and Computation Center, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; [email protected] 3 Jiangsu Huahong Technology Stock Limited Company, Wuxi 214400, China 4 Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-516-8359-2928; Fax: +86-516-8399-5026 Received: 15 March 2019; Accepted: 15 April 2019; Published: 20 April 2019 Abstract: The recovery of cathode and anode materials plays an important role in the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Organic binders reduce the liberation efficiency and flotation efficiency of electrode materials derived from spent LIBs. In this study, pyrolysis technology is used to improve the recovery of cathode and anode materials from spent LIBs by removing organic binders. Pyrolysis characteristics of organics in electrode materials are investigated, and on this basis, the effects of pyrolysis parameters on the liberation efficiency of electrode materials are studied. Afterwards, flotation technology is used to separate cathode material from anode material. The results indicate that the optimum liberation efficiency of electrode materials is obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 ◦C, a pyrolysis time of 15 min and a pyrolysis heating rate of 10 ◦C/min.
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III . Waste Management
III. WASTE MANAGEMENT Economic growth, urbanisation and industrialisation result in increasing volumes and varieties of both solid and hazardous wastes. Globalisation can aggravate waste problems through grow ing international waste trade, with developing countries often at the receiving end. Besides negative impacts on health as well as increased pollution of air, land and water, ineffective and inefficient waste management results in greenhouse gas and toxic emissions, and the loss of precious materials and resources. Pollution is nothing but An integrated waste management approach is a crucial part of interna- the resources we are not harvesting. tional and national sustainable development strategies. In a life-cycle per- We allow them to disperse spective, waste prevention and minimization generally have priority. The because we’ve been remaining solid and hazardous wastes need to be managed with effective and efficient measures, including improved reuse, recycling and recovery ignorant of their value. of useful materials and energy. — R. Buckminster Fuller The 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) encapsulates well this life-cycle Scientist (1895–1983) approach to waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT << 26 >> Hazardous waste A growing share of municipal waste contains hazardous electronic or electric products. In Europe ewaste is increasing by 3–5 per Hazardous waste, owing to its toxic, infectious, radioactive or flammable cent per year. properties, poses an actual or potential hazard to the health of humans, other living organisms, or the environment. According to UNEP, some 20 to 50 million metric tonnes of e-waste are generated worldwide every year. Other estimates expect computers, No data on hazardous waste generation are available for most African, mobile telephones and television to contribute 5.5 million tonnes to Middle Eastern and Latin American countries.
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Waste Management
10 Waste Management Coordinating Lead Authors: Jean Bogner (USA) Lead Authors: Mohammed Abdelrafie Ahmed (Sudan), Cristobal Diaz (Cuba), Andre Faaij (The Netherlands), Qingxian Gao (China), Seiji Hashimoto (Japan), Katarina Mareckova (Slovakia), Riitta Pipatti (Finland), Tianzhu Zhang (China) Contributing Authors: Luis Diaz (USA), Peter Kjeldsen (Denmark), Suvi Monni (Finland) Review Editors: Robert Gregory (UK), R.T.M. Sutamihardja (Indonesia) This chapter should be cited as: Bogner, J., M. Abdelrafie Ahmed, C. Diaz, A. Faaij, Q. Gao, S. Hashimoto, K. Mareckova, R. Pipatti, T. Zhang, Waste Management, In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Waste Management Chapter 10 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................. 587 10.5 Policies and measures: waste management and climate ....................................................... 607 10.1 Introduction .................................................... 588 10.5.1 Reducing landfill CH4 emissions .......................607 10.2 Status of the waste management sector ..... 591 10.5.2 Incineration and other thermal processes for waste-to-energy ...............................................608 10.2.1 Waste generation ............................................591 10.5.3 Waste minimization, re-use and
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Download As Part of Our Toolkit
BUILDING VALUE TOGETHER BUILDING VALUE 3 TOGETHER Up Front The end-of-life for materials can often be the start of something new. That’s why we work not only to manage waste 19 responsibly, but also to collaborate with Waste Solutions our stakeholders to find ways to create new value—together. 49 Climate Change About This Report Waste Management is committed to consistent public disclosure and discussion of our progress through the publication of our Sustainability Report. In the past, we have published a comprehensive report every two years and an update of key data in between. Our last comprehensive report was published in 2018, with available data and key discussion items updated in 2019. Going forward, we are taking a new approach to reporting by publishing content in two different formats to further enhance reporting transparency: • Our annual Sustainability Report details the progress on our most material issues over the past year and is now available as an interactive website and PDF. 60 • Complementing our report is a new Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Workforce Resource Hub that houses easily accessible, detailed information and data related to many aspects of our ESG performance, policies and initiatives. The Hub also houses GRI and SASB Indexes and an archive of past reports. This report generally covers ESG performance for 2019 and early 2020 and, unless otherwise noted in the report, the report boundary is Waste Management’s wholly owned operations, which are in the United States, Canada and India. All data is for the year ended December 31, 2019, except where noted.
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EPA's Guide for Industrial Waste Management
Guide for Industrial Waste Management Protecting Land Ground Water Surface Water Air Building Partnerships Introduction EPA’s Guide for Industrial Waste Management Introduction Welcome to EPA’s Guide for Industrial Waste Management. The pur- pose of the Guide is to provide facility managers, state and tribal regulators, and the interested public with recommendations and tools to better address the management of land-disposed, non-haz- ardous industrial wastes. The Guide can help facility managers make environmentally responsible decisions while working in partnership with state and tribal regulators and the public. It can serve as a handy implementation reference tool for regulators to complement existing programs and help address any gaps. The Guide can also help the public become more informed and more knowledgeable in addressing waste management issues in the community. In the Guide, you will find: • Considerations for siting industrial waste management units • Methods for characterizing waste constituents • Fact sheets and Web sites with information about individual waste constituents • Tools to assess risks that might be posed by the wastes • Principles for building stakeholder partnerships • Opportunities for waste minimization • Guidelines for safe unit design • Procedures for monitoring surface water, air, and ground water • Recommendations for closure and post-closure care Each year, approximately 7.6 billion tons of industrial solid waste are generated and disposed of at a broad spectrum of American industrial facilities. State, tribal, and some local governments have regulatory responsibility for ensuring proper management of these wastes, and their pro- grams vary considerably. In an effort to establish a common set of industrial waste management guidelines, EPA and state and tribal representatives came together in a partnership and developed the framework for this voluntary Guide.
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Lead Recycling in the United States in 1998
FLOW STUDIES FOR RECYCLING METAL COMMODITIES IN THE UNITED STATES Lead Recycling in the United States in 1998 By Gerald R. Smith CONTENTS Abstract ..................................................................................................1 Introduction ...............................................................................................1 History and use patterns ...............................................................................1 Global geologic occurrence of lead ......................................................................2 Lead production process and global production ............................................................4 Lead market prices ...................................................................................5 Sources of lead scrap ........................................................................................5 Old scrap generated ..................................................................................5 New scrap .........................................................................................6 Disposition ................................................................................................6 Old scrap recycling efficiency .................................................................................6 Secondary lead infrastructure ..................................................................................7 Battery scrap collection system .........................................................................7 Trade .............................................................................................7
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Recycling Tips
RECYCLING TIPS www.KeepingVenturaCountyClean.com Recyclable Materials Paper Material Cardboard Plastic • Books (paperback and hard cover okay) • Cereal & Food Boxes (Flatten for more recycling) • Bottles, Jars, Jugs, Tubs (look for recycling • Catalogs / Brochures / Phone Books • Clean Pizza Boxes (no wax coating and or food logo on bottom labeled #1 - #7, no need to rinse) • Junk Mail & Envelopes (windows okay) waste) • Grocery Bags • File Folders Glass • Nursery Pots • Milk & Juice Cartons • Bottles & Jars- Green, Brown, Clear (lids & • Plastic Toys • Magazines & Newspappers labels okay, no need to rinse) • Yogurt Containers • Paper - All colors (staples in paper okay) Aluminum & Tin Cans Other • Paper Grocery Bags • Aluminum Food Trays • Shredded Paper (put in plastic bag and tie • Beverage Cans • Athletic Shoes securely) • Vegetable & Soup Cans Non-Recyclable Materials • Animal Waste • Liquids • Restaurant Grease/Oil • Bubble Wrap Packaging • Laminated Paper • Sharps • Chip Bags & Candy Wrappers • Napkins • Solar Panels • Electronic Waste (computers, monitors, lap tops, • Paper Towels • Tires mobile devices) • Plastic 3-Ring Binders • Used Paper Plates & Cups • Fluorescent Light Bulbs • Plastic Cups, Lids & Straws • Used Plastic Utensils • Food Waste (including fruit) • Plastic Food Wrapping • Window Pane Glass/Mirrors • Hazardous Waste (paint, automotive oil, • Polystyrene foam including foam cups, • Yard Waste (grass clippings, branches, batteries, solvents) plates, and packing materials leaves) WARNING! Electronic, Sharps, or Hazard
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On the Path to Zero Waste at ISTC
On the path to Zero Waste at ISTC 1 What is Zero Waste? “Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and visionary, to guide people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use. 2 What is Zero Waste? Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them. 3 What is Zero Waste? Implementing Zero Waste will eliminate all discharges to land, water or air that are a threat to planetary, human, animal or plant health.” As adopted by the Zero Waste International Alliance on August 12, 2009 4 What is Zero Waste? The idea that there is no such place as “AWAY” Nature has no trash can. 5 How can we do that? • Reduce • Rethink / Redesign • Reuse • Repair • Rot • Recycle 6 Where do we start? • Baseline waste stream characterization study – Building walkthrough – Document waste management system – Collect, sort, and categorize waste – Weigh and document waste – Examine data 7 Why? • Buckshot vs. laser scope • Know your waste • Provides a metric to compare 8 Building walkthrough • How is waste collected? – Container types & locations – Frequency – Responsible parties • What waste is collected? – Are there any known hazards? 9 How is waste collected? • Trash – (78) metal 7 gallon can in each office / lab – (8) metal 5 gallon can in each bathroom – (5) plastic 55 gallon
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Key Challenges and Opportunities for Recycling Electric Vehicle Battery Materials
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Disposal of End-Of-Life Lithium-Ion Plug-In Electric Vehicle Batteries
Disposal of End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Plug-In Electric Vehicle Batteries - Challenges and Open Questions GO-Biz Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Unit March 26, 2018 Introduction We are at the cusp of urgently needing to address disposal of lithium-ion plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) batteries.1 Current PEV batteries have a lifespan of about 8-10 years, which means that the batteries from the first boom in PEVs will be reaching end-of-life in their primary application around 2020, and continuing on an exponential growth pattern through to 2050.2 Bloomberg New Energy estimates that 311,000 metric tons of PEV batteries will have stopped working by 2025 alone — the same weight as almost 200,000 2018 Nissan Leafs.3 With massive PEV growth as a central component of our electric transportation future, end-of-life solutions for their lithium-ion batteries is necessary. Their size, and potential risks if mishandled, necessitate responsible disposal, recycling, and repurposing. Dumping these batteries into landfills is an unacceptable option, so feasible alternatives for disposal must be identified. Re-purposing of PEV batteries in home and commercial energy storage is being explored through case studies, and holds some promise, but has yet to be proven at the large scale that will be necessary. No large-scale specialized recycling facilities currently exist for lithium-ion PEV batteries, and current recycling processes have not been proven capable of extracting enough materials to make a profit. Re-purposing and recycling both have potential, but challenges include a lack of standardization across battery manufacturers, logistical and economic challenges, and an uncertain regulatory climate.
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What Does Waste Management Do with Trash, Anyway?
What does Waste Management do with trash, anyway? We collect it from nearly 20 million residential, business, industrial and commercial customers. We burn it to generate green energy. Here’s the inside story. We recycle paper, plastics, glass, and metals for a variety of new uses. We dispose of it safely. We use gas from the decomposition of trash in landfills as a renewable energy source. Paper Some mills are able to use 100% recycled paper, while in others, recycled paper (long fibers) is combined with wood scraps from lumber mills. This is mixed to a Paper recyclables are separated pulp and poured onto large rollers and drained. The sheet is lifted and fed through Follow the Waste Stream into four categories: heated rollers, then trimmed and rolled. The rolls are sent to printing plants. • Corrugated Boxes Old newspaper is de-inked The “waste stream” describes the entire life cycle of the garbage • Old Newsprint (ONP) Paper recyclables by washing and rinsing it in Paper Mill • Mixed Paper are baled and sold large vats of water. This process Paper we produce – from putting out the trash and recycling for pickup • Office Mix primarily to paper also separates the short fibers mills. from the long fibers. Recycled to disposal, energy production and the reuse of recycled materials. Let’s follow the journey . Plastics Mixed plastic containers are sorted by type and color. Baled, recycled plastics are sent to a plastics remanufacturing plant. Air is blown into the mix to separate heavier and The plastics are ground up, washed, melted and formed into plastic lighter plastics.
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