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COVID-19 Rush Journal Club COVID-19 Rush Journal Club NOVEL CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2. Transmission electron micrograph of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, iso- lated from a patient. Image captured and color-enhanced at the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Credit: NIAID Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/niaid/49597768397/in/al- bum-72157712914621487/. Accessed April 19, 2020. This document is a collection of efforts from students of Rush University. It provides brief reviews of research articles regarding COVID-19. We hope that this will be helpful to clinicians, students, community leaders, and the general public. This document, however, does not act as a replacement of the original source documents. Please use the DOI on each page to read more. Student Editors Blake Beehler, MD Alyssa Coleman, MS3 Kelsey Danley, MD Shyam Desai, MD Joshua Doppelt, MD Lindsay Friedman, MS3 Danesha Lewis, PhD student John Levinson, MS2 Luke McCormack, MS2 Diana Parker, MS2 Ayesan Rewane, MSCR Lance Shaull, MD Audrey Sung, MS3 Jackie Urban, MD Student Editors in Chief Beth Hall, MD Bijan Zarrabi, MS2 Faculty Editors and Mentors Frank Cockerill, MD - Adjunct Professor of Medicine Mete Altintas, PhD - Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Graphic design Sam Auger, MD Beth Hall, MD Is there a study you’d like us to review? Do you have questions or feedback? Please email: [email protected] COVID-19Reviews are provided by students at Rush University and edited by Rush Rushfaculty. Journal Level Club of evidence in each study, if applicable, was assessed us- ing the Oxford guidelines as presented below. More information can be found at http://www.cebm.net/2016/05/ocebm-levels-of-evidence/ Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence Question Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 (Level 5) (Level 1*) (Level 2*) (Level 3*) (Level 4*) How common is the Local and current random sample Systematic review of surveys Local non-random sample** Case-series** n/a problem? surveys (or censuses) that allow matching to local circumstances** Is this diagnostic or Systematic review Individual cross sectional Non-consecutive studies, or studies without Case-control studies, or Mechanism-based monitoring test of cross sectional studies with studies with consistently consistently applied reference standards** “poor or non-independent reasoning accurate? consistently applied reference applied reference standard and reference standard** (Diagnosis) standard and blinding blinding What will happen if Systematic review Inception cohort studies Cohort study or control arm of randomized trial* Case-series or case- n/a we do not add a of inception cohort studies control studies, or poor therapy? quality prognostic cohort (Prognosis) study** Does this Systematic review Randomized trial Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up Case-series, case-control Mechanism-based intervention help? of randomized trials or n-of-1 trials or observational study with study** studies, or historically reasoning (Treatment Benefits) dramatic effect controlled studies** What are the Systematic review of randomized Individual randomized trial Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up Case-series, case-control, Mechanism-based COMMON harms? trials, systematic review or (exceptionally) observational study (post-marketing surveillance) provided or historically controlled reasoning (Treatment Harms) of nested case-control studies, n- study with dramatic effect there are sufficient numbers to rule out a studies** of-1 trial with the patient you are common harm. (For long-term harms the raising the question about, or duration of follow-up must be sufficient.)** observational study with dramatic effect What are the RARE Systematic review of randomized Randomized trial harms? trials or n-of-1 trial or (exceptionally) observational (Treatment Harms) study with dramatic effect Is this (early Systematic review of randomized Randomized trial Non -randomized controlled cohort/follow-up Case-series, case-control, Mechanism-based detection) test trials study** or historically controlled reasoning worthwhile? studies** (Screening) * Level may be graded down on the basis of study quality, imprecision, indirectness (study PICO does not match questions PICO), because of inconsistency between studies, or because the absolute effect size is very small; Level may be graded up if there is a large or very large effect size. ** As always, a systematic review is generally better than an individual study. How to cite the Levels of Evidence Table OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group*. "The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence". Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=5653 * OCEBM Table of Evidence Working Group = Jeremy Howick, Iain Chalmers (James Lind Library), Paul Glasziou, Trish Greenhalgh, Carl Heneghan, Alessandro Liberati, Ivan Moschetti, Bob Phillips, Hazel Thornton, Olive Goddard and Mary Hodgkinson Table of Contents: Public Health Section Manuscript Reviewer (Date Posted) Viner RM, et al. School closure and management practices during Joshua Doppelt coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid systematic (4/25) review. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020 [Epub ahead of print]. Berger ZD, et al. Covid-19: Control measures must be equitable Laura Hurley and inclusive. BMJ 368:m1141, 2020. (4/25) Yancy CW. Covid-19 and African Americans. JAMA 2020 [Epub Eiftu Haile ahead of print]. (4/27) Public Health Kim, S et al. (2020). A Brief Telephone Severity Scoring System and Josh Doppelt Therapeutic Living Centers Solved Acute Hospital-Bed Shortage (5/3) during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Daegu, Korea. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 35(15). Rosenbaum, L. (2020). The Untold Toll—The Pandemic’s Effects on Laura Hurley Patients without Covid-19. NEJM. (5/3) Atchison CJ et al. Perceptions and behavioural responses of the Katherine Tehaney general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional (5/4) survey of UK adults. medRxiv 2020.04.01.20050039, 2020. Table of Contents: Biology Section Manuscript Reviewer (Date Posted) Lu R, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 Beth Hall novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor (4/23) binding. Lancet 395:565-574, 2020. Chan JF, et al. Comparative replication and immune activation Jacqueline A Urban profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human lungs: an ex vivo (4/24) study with implications for the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis 2020 [Epub ahead of print]. Wang Q, et al. Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry Emily Hejna by using human ACE2. Cell 2020 [Epub ahead of print]. (4/24) Liu Z, et al. Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike pro- Alexandra L teins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts Feldner of SARS‐CoV‐2. J Med Virol 2020 [Epub ahead of print]. (4/26) Ou X, et al. Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 Abigail M Bawden on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV. Nat (4/26) Commun 11(1):1620, 2020. Biology Wrapp D, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the Luke R McCormack prefusion conformation. Science 367(6483):1260-1263, 2020. (4/26) Jin Z et al. Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of Luke R McCormack its inhibitors. bioRxiv 2020.02.26.964882, 2020. (4/26) Gao Y, et al. Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase from Ndubisi Onah COVID-19 Virus. Science 2020 [Epub ahead of print]. (4/29) Abouhashem AS, et al. Is low alveolar type II cell SOD3 in the lungs Jackie Urban of elderly linked to the observed severity of COVID-19? Antioxid (4/29) Redox Signal 2020 [Epub ahead of publication]. Anfinrud P, et al. Visualizing speech-generated oral fluid droplets Khatcher with laser light scattering. N Engl J Med 2020 [Epub ahead of Margossian publication]. (4/29) Yuan M et al. A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the recep- Luke McCormack tor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Science 2020 (4/29) [Epub ahead of print]. Table of Contents: Epidemiology Section Manuscript Reviewer (Date Posted) Choi SH, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus Alice Burgess disease 2019 in children. Clin Exp Pediatr 63:125-132, 2020. (4/23) Tang X, et al. Comparison of hospitalized patients with acute Bryant Yu respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19 and H1N1. (4/24) Chest 2020 [Epub ahead of print]. Liu Y, et al. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher com- Conor Flavin pared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med 27:taaa021, 2020. (4/24) Fang L, et al. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes melli- Joseph Dodson tus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med (4/24) 8:e21, 2020. Leung K, et al. First-wave COVID-19 transmissibility and severity Connor J Wakefield in China outside Hubei after control measures, and second-wave (4/24) scenario planning: A modelling impact assessment. Lancet 2020 [Epub ahead of print]. Fan J, et al. Epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus disease-19 Antonios Skondras in Gansu Province, China, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 26(6), 2020. (4/25) Gudbjartsson DF, et al. Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic Gary Wu population. New Eng J Med 2020 [E-pub ahead of print]. (4/25) He X, et al. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissi- Steven Heidt Epidemiology bility of COIVD-19. Nature: Medicine 2020. [Epub ahead of print]. (4/28) Garg S, et al. Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Elena Perkins Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus (4/28) Disease 2019 – COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:458–464, 2020. Dong Y, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in Grace Alexander China. Pediatrics e20200702, 2020. (4/28) Rothan, H & Byrareddy S. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of Alice Burgess coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmu- (4/28) nity. 109:102433, 2020 Liang K.
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