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WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Pre-Review ……………
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Pre-Review …………….. Cannabis plant and cannabis resin Section 5: Epidemiology This report contains the views of an international group of experts, and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization 1 © World Health Organization 2018 All rights reserved. This is an advance copy distributed to the participants of the 40th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, before it has been formally published by the World Health Organization. The document may not be reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced, transmitted, distributed, translated or adapted, in part or in whole, in any form or by any means without the permission of the World Health Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. -
Cannabis Dictionary
A MEDICAL DICTIONARY, BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND ANNOTATED RESEARCH GUIDE TO INTERNET REFERENCES JAMES N. PARKER, M.D. AND PHILIP M. PARKER, PH.D., EDITORS ii ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1 Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. -
EMCDDA Cannabis Reader
ISSN 1606-1691 A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences 05 06 15 TD-32-07-001-EN-C About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level. The Centre’s publications are a prime source of information for a wide range of audiences including policy-makers and their advisers; professionals and researchers working in the drugs field; and, more broadly, the media and general public. EMCDDA monographs are comprehensive scientific publications containing thematic papers prepared in the context of the Centre’s activities. Topics cover a wide range of issues relating to science, policy, epidemiology and best EMCDDA practice. MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 20 per volume MONOGRAPHS EMCDDA VOL. I VOL. 8 8 I VOLUME EMCDDA MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Perspectives on cannabis controversies, treatment and regulation in Europe Editors Sharon Rödner Sznitman, Börje Olsson, Robin Room 8 I VOLUME Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. -
2020 Global Report on Cannabis Policy
2020 Global Report on Cannabis Policy October 2020 2 i Contents INTRODUCTION II U.S.A. - OREGON 101 BRAZIL 1 U.S.A. - WASHINGTON 106 CANADA 12 OUR MEMBERS 111 CHINA 20 CONTRIBUTORS 112 COLOMBIA 25 DENMARK 31 ENGLAND 37 GERMANY 45 ITALY 51 PARAGUAY 56 PERU 60 SLOVENIA 68 SOUTH AFRICA 74 SPAIN 79 THAILAND 85 URUGUAY 90 U.S.A. - CALIFORNIA 96 Global Report on Cannabis Policy theworldlawgroup.com 3 ii WLG CANNABIS GUIDE INTRODUCTION We are very pleased to announce the release of the World Law Group (“WLG”) Cannabis Guide 2020. In recent years, cannabis and products with cannabis components are one of the “hot topics” in the life sciences industry. Many countries now allow the medical use of cannabis to treat numerous conditions, including chronic pain, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and many others. Additionally, more and more countries have recently allowed the recreational use of cannabis. Finally, hemp (cannabis grown without mind-altering substances), is another burgeoning industry worldwide. Though there are international treaties in place, the production, distribution, and consumption of controlled substances (including cannabis) are still traditionally regulated by each country individually (even within the EU). Some countries still consider cannabis a dangerous illicit substance. Thus the legal landscape on cannabis and cannabis products is very fragmented and complicated, making it hard to get involved in the cannabis industry. The aim of this guide is to provide a brief overview of laws and policies regarding the use of cannabis in various jurisdictions. It briefly outlines information on the most important legal issues, from relevant legislation and general information to special requirements and risks. -
EMCDDA Monographs Are Comprehensive Scientific Publications Containing Thematic Papers Prepared in the Context of the Centre’S Activities
ISSN 1606-1691 A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences 05 06 15 TD-32-07-001-EN-C About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level. The Centre’s publications are a prime source of information for a wide range of audiences including policy-makers and their advisers; professionals and researchers working in the drugs field; and, more broadly, the media and general public. EMCDDA monographs are comprehensive scientific publications containing thematic papers prepared in the context of the Centre’s activities. Topics cover a wide range of issues relating to science, policy, epidemiology and best EMCDDA practice. MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 20 per volume MONOGRAPHS EMCDDA VOL. I VOL. 8 8 I VOLUME EMCDDA MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Perspectives on cannabis controversies, treatment and regulation in Europe Editors Sharon Rödner Sznitman, Börje Olsson, Robin Room 8 I VOLUME Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. -
EMCDDA Monographs Are Comprehensive Scientific Publications Containing Thematic Papers Prepared in the Context of the Centre’S Activities
ISSN 1606-1691 A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences 05 06 15 TD-32-07-001-EN-C About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level. The Centre’s publications are a prime source of information for a wide range of audiences including policy-makers and their advisers; professionals and researchers working in the drugs field; and, more broadly, the media and general public. EMCDDA monographs are comprehensive scientific publications containing thematic papers prepared in the context of the Centre’s activities. Topics cover a wide range of issues relating to science, policy, epidemiology and best EMCDDA practice. MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 20 per volume MONOGRAPHS EMCDDA VOL. I VOL. 8 8 I VOLUME EMCDDA MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Perspectives on cannabis controversies, treatment and regulation in Europe Editors Sharon Rödner Sznitman, Börje Olsson, Robin Room 8 I VOLUME Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. -
Sources of Value in the Cannabis Industry: the Case of Canadian Public Companies
UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MASTER’S THESIS SOURCES OF VALUE IN THE CANNABIS INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF CANADIAN PUBLIC COMPANIES Ljubljana, December 2019 MARK MALIS AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT The undersigned Mark Malis, a student at the University of Ljubljana, School of Economics and Business, (hereafter: SEB LU), author of this master’s thesis with the title THE SOURCES OF VALUE IN THE CANNABIS INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF CANADIAN PUBLIC COMPANIES, prepared under supervision of Professor Aljoša Valentinčič, PhD, DECLARE 1. this master’s thesis to be based on the results of my own research; 2. the printed form of this master’s thesis to be identical to its electronic form; 3. the text of this master’s thesis to be language-edited and technically in adherence with the SEB LU’s Technical Guidelines for Written Works, which means that I cited and / or quoted works and opinions of other authors in this master’s thesis in accordance with the SEB LU’s Technical Guidelines for Written Works; 4. to be aware of the fact that plagiarism (in written or graphical form) is a criminal offence and can be prosecuted in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Republic of Slovenia; 5. to be aware of the consequences a proven plagiarism charge based on the this written final work could have for my status at the SEB LU in accordance with the relevant SEB LU Rules; 6. to have obtained all the necessary permits to use the data and works of other authors which are (in written or graphical form) referred to in this master’s thesis and to have clearly marked them; 7. -
From Repression to Regulation: Proposals for Drug Policy Reform
From Repression to Regulation: Proposals for Drug Policy Reform José Carlos Campero • Horacio Barrancos • Ricardo Vargas Eduardo Vergara • Daniel Brombacher • Heino Stöver • Maximilian Plenert Hans Mathieu • Catalina Niño Guarnizo / Editors José Carlos Campero • Horacio Barrancos • Ricardo Vargas Eduardo Vergara • Daniel Brombacher • Heino Stöver • Maximilian Plenert Hans Mathieu • Catalina Niño Guarnizo / Editors José Carlos Campero • Horacio Barrancos • Ricardo Vargas Eduardo Vergara • Daniel Brombacher • Heino Stöver • Maximilian Plenert Hans Mathieu • Catalina Niño Guarnizo / Editors From Repression to Regulation: Proposals for Drug Policy Reform Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), Regional Security Cooperation Program Calle 71 nº 11-90 Bogota-Colombia Telephone (57 1) 347 30 77 Fax (57 1) 217 31 15 Email: [email protected] Commercial use of all media published by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is no permitted without consent of the FES. First edition Bogota, May 2013 ISBN 978-958-8677-19-4 Editorial coordination Juan Andrés Valderrama Design and layout Ángela Lucía Vargas Cover photograph Lucas Rodríguez Translation Silvia Varela Ian Mount Matt Chesterton Printed by Mavarac The opinions expressed in this volume are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the thinking of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Table of Contents FOREWORD / Hans Mathieu 19 INTRODUCTION A FEW ASPECTS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION WITH ILLEGAL DRUGS Hans Mathieu / Catalina Niño The failure of prohibitionism: A growing consensus 21 -
Cannabis in the City: Developments in Local Cannabis Regulation in Europe
Cannabis in the City: Developments in local cannabis regulation in Europe ideas into movement AUTHORS: Tom Blickman, Katie Sandwell, and Dania Putri; Xabier Arana, Tom Decorte, Vibeke Asmussen Frank, Dirk J. Korf, Ingo Ilja Michels, Maj Nygaard-Christensen, Tim Pfeiffer-Gerschel, Heino Stöver, Bernd Werse, Frank Zobel This report draws on, and in parts reproduces, country reports written by Tom Decorte (Belgium); Vibeke Asmussen Frank & Maj Nygaard-Christensen (Denmark); Ingo Ilja Michels, Tim Pfeiffer-Gerschel, Heino Stöver & Bernd Werse (Germany); Dirk J. Korf (Netherlands); Xabier Arana (Spain); and Frank Zobel (Switzerland). These reports were produced as part of the New Approaches in Harm Reduction Policies and Practices project. EDITOR: Deborah Eade DESIGN: Guido Jelsma - www.guidojelsma.nl PUBLICATION DETAILS: Contents of the report may be quoted or reproduced for non-commercial purposes, provided that the source of information is properly cited. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. TRANSNATIONAL INSTITUTE (TNI) De Wittenstraat 25, 1052 AK Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel: +31-20-6626608, Fax: +31-20-6757176 E-mail: [email protected] www.tni.org/drugs @DrugLawReform Drugsanddemocracy Amsterdam, March 2019 2 | Cannabis in the City: Developments in local cannabis regulation in Europe transnationalinstitute Contents Cannabis and -
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Critical Review
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Critical Review …………….. Cannabis and cannabis resin This report contains the views of an international group of experts, and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization © World Health Organization 2018 All rights reserved. This is an advance copy distributed to the participants of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, before it has been formally published by the World Health Organization. The document may not be reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced, transmitted, distributed, translated or adapted, in part or in whole, in any form or by any means without the permission of the World Health Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. -
EMCDDA Insights: Cannabis Production and Markets in Europe
ISSN 1606-1683 ISSN TD -XD -12- 012- EN - C productionCannabis and markets Europe in About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level. The EMCDDA’s Insights are volumes conveying the findings of study and research on topical issues in the drugs field. EMCDDA INSIGHTS EMCDDA Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 15 INSIGHTS Cannabis production and markets in Europe 12 12 How to obtain EU publications Free publications: • via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu); • at the European Union’s representations or delegations. You can obtain their contact details on the Internet (http://ec.europa.eu) or by sending a fax to +352 2929-42758. Priced publications: • via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu). Priced subscriptions (e.g. annual series of the Official Journal of the European Union and reports of cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union): • via one of the sales agents of the Publications Office of the European Union (http://publications.europa.eu/others/agents/index_en.htm). EMCDDA INSIGHTS Cannabis production and markets in Europe 12 Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright.