Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Identification with Insect Families

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Identification with Insect Families MiCorp Site ID#___________________ Identification verified by:_________________(optional) AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION WITH INSECT FAMILIES Use letter code [R (rare) = 1-10, C (common) = 11 or more] to record the approximate numbers of organisms in each taxa found in the stream reach. Only use the blank by the main taxa heading (i.e. ANNELIDA, COLEOPTERA) when there are organisms that cannot be identified to the lower taxonomic levels. Enter both the family level data as well as the order level data into the Michigan Data Exchange. ANNELIDA— Segmented Worm______ DIPTERA— continued Hirudinea Syrphidae Oligochaeta Tabanidae Tipulidae COLEOPTERA — Beetles___________ Chrysomelidae EPHEMEROPTERA — Mayflies____ Curculionidae Acanthametropodidae Dryopidae Ameletidae Dytiscidae Ametropodidae Elmidae Arthropleidae Gyrinidae Baetidae Haliplidae Baetiscidae Hydraenidae Caenidae Hydrophilidae Ephemerellidae Lampyridae Ephemeridae Lutrochidae Heptageniidae Noteridae Isonychiidae Psephenidae Leptohyphidae Ptilodactylidae Leptophlebiidae Scirtidae Metretopodidae Staphylinidae Neoephemeridae Oligoneuridae COLLEMBOLA — Springtail_________ Polymitarcyidae Potamanthidae CRUSTACEA— Crustaceans________ Pseudironidae Amphipoda Siphlonuridae Decapoda Tricorythidae Isopoda GASTROPODA — Snails, Limpets__ DIPTERA — True Flies______________ Ancylidae Athericidae Physidae Blephariceridae Planorbidae Ceratopogonidae Right-handed snail Chaoboridae Chironomidae HEMIPTERA — True Bugs_________ Culicidae Belostomatidae Dixidae Corixidae Dolichopodidae Gelastocoridae Empididae Gerridae Ephydridae Hebridae Muscidae Hydrometridae Phoridae Mesoveliidae Psychodidae Naucoridae Ptychopteridae Nepidae Sarcophagidae Notonectidae Sciomyzidae Pleidae Simuliidae Saldidae Stratiomyidae Veliidae MiCorp Site ID#___________________ AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION WITH INSECT FAMILIES (PAGE 2) HYDRACARINA — Water mites______ TRICHOPTERA — Caddisflies_______ Apataniidae LEPIDOPTERA — Moths and Butterflies_____ Brachycentridae Cosmopterigidiae Dipseudopsidae Nepticulidae Glossosomatidae Noctuidae Goeridae Pyralidae Helicopsychidae Tortricidae Hydropsychidae Hydroptilidae MEGALOPTERA — Alderflies,Dobsonflies___ Lepidostomatidae Corydalidae Leptoceridae Sialidae Limnephilidae Molannidae ODONATA — Damselflies, Dragonflies____ Odontoceridae Aeshnidae Philopotamidae Calopterygidae Phryganeidae Coenagrionidae Polycentropodidae Cordulegastridae Psychomyiidae Corduliidae Rhyacophilidae Gomphidae Sericostomatidae Lestidae Uenoidae Libellulidae Macromiidae Petaluridae PELECYPODA — Bivalves___________ Corbiculidae Dreissenidae Sphaeriidae Unionidae PLATYHELMINTHES— Flatworms____ Turbellaria PLECOPTERA— Stoneflies__________ Capniidae Chloroperlidae Leuctridae Nemouridae Perlidae Perlodidae Pteronarcyidae Taeniopterygidae Datasheet checked for completeness by:________________________ Datasheet version 6/6/08 Data entered into MiCorps database by:_________________________ Date:________________.
Recommended publications
  • Arctic Biodiversity of Stream Macroinvertebrates Declines in Response to Latitudinal Change in the Abiotic Template
    Arctic biodiversity of stream macroinvertebrates declines in response to latitudinal change in the abiotic template Joseph M. Culp1,2,5, Jennifer Lento2,6, R. Allen Curry2,7, Eric Luiker3,8, and Daryl Halliwell4,9 1Environment and Climate Change Canada and Wilfrid Laurier University, Department Biology and Department Geography and Environmental Studies, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3C5 Canada 2Canadian Rivers Institute, Department Biology, University of New Brunswick, 10 Bailey Drive, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 6E1 Canada 3Environment and Climate Change Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 6E1 Canada 4National Hydrology Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5 Canada Abstract: We aimed to determine which processes drive patterns of a and b diversity in Arctic river benthic macrofauna across a broad latitudinal gradient spanning the low to high Arctic of eastern Canada (58 to 81oN). Further, we examined whether latitudinal differences in taxonomic composition resulted from species replacement with organisms better adapted to northerly conditions or from the loss of taxa unable to tolerate the harsh envi- ronments of higher latitudes. We used the bioclimatic envelope concept to provide a first approximation forecast of how climate warming may modify a and b diversity of Arctic rivers and to identify potential changes in envi- ronmental variables that will drive future assemblage structure. Benthic macroinvertebrates, environmental sup- porting variables, and geospatial catchment data were collected to assess drivers of ecological pattern. We compared a diversity (i.e., taxonomic richness) across latitudes and partitioned b diversity into components of nestedness and species turnover to assess their relative contributions to compositional differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Lazare Botosaneanu ‘Naturalist’ 61 Doi: 10.3897/Subtbiol.10.4760
    Subterranean Biology 10: 61-73, 2012 (2013) Lazare Botosaneanu ‘Naturalist’ 61 doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.10.4760 Lazare Botosaneanu ‘Naturalist’ 1927 – 2012 demic training shortly after the Second World War at the Faculty of Biology of the University of Bucharest, the same city where he was born and raised. At a young age he had already showed interest in Zoology. He wrote his first publication –about a new caddisfly species– at the age of 20. As Botosaneanu himself wanted to remark, the prominent Romanian zoologist and man of culture Constantin Motaş had great influence on him. A small portrait of Motaş was one of the few objects adorning his ascetic office in the Amsterdam Museum. Later on, the geneticist and evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky and the evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr greatly influenced his thinking. In 1956, he was appoint- ed as a senior researcher at the Institute of Speleology belonging to the Rumanian Academy of Sciences. Lazare Botosaneanu began his career as an entomologist, and in particular he studied Trichoptera. Until the end of his life he would remain studying this group of insects and most of his publications are dedicated to the Trichoptera and their environment. His colleague and friend Prof. Mar- cos Gonzalez, of University of Santiago de Compostella (Spain) recently described his contribution to Entomolo- gy in an obituary published in the Trichoptera newsletter2 Lazare Botosaneanu’s first contribution to the study of Subterranean Biology took place in 1954, when he co-authored with the Romanian carcinologist Adriana Damian-Georgescu a paper on animals discovered in the drinking water conduits of the city of Bucharest.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 4: EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)
    Guide to Aquatic Invertebrate Families of Mongolia | 2009 CHAPTER 4 EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies) EPHEMEROPTERA Draft June 17, 2009 Chapter 4 | EPHEMEROPTERA 45 Guide to Aquatic Invertebrate Families of Mongolia | 2009 ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA Mayflies 4 Mayfly larvae are found in a variety of locations including lakes, wetlands, streams, and rivers, but they are most common and diverse in lotic habitats. They are common and abundant in stream riffles and pools, at lake margins and in some cases lake bottoms. All mayfly larvae are aquatic with terrestrial adults. In most mayfly species the adult only lives for 1-2 days. Consequently, the majority of a mayfly’s life is spent in the water as a larva. The adult lifespan is so short there is no need for the insect to feed and therefore the adult does not possess functional mouthparts. Mayflies are often an indicator of good water quality because most mayflies are relatively intolerant of pollution. Mayflies are also an important food source for fish. Ephemeroptera Morphology Most mayflies have three caudal filaments (tails) (Figure 4.1) although in some taxa the terminal filament (middle tail) is greatly reduced and there appear to be only two caudal filaments (only one genus actually lacks the terminal filament). Mayflies have gills on the dorsal surface of the abdomen (Figure 4.1), but the number and shape of these gills vary widely between taxa. All mayflies possess only one tarsal claw at the end of each leg (Figure 4.1). Characters such as gill shape, gill position, and tarsal claw shape are used to separate different mayfly families.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study of the Zoobenthos of the Tsraudon River Basin (The Terek River Basin)
    E3S Web of Conferences 169, 03006 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016903006 APEEM 2020 The study of the zoobenthos of the Tsraudon river basin (the Terek river basin) Ia E. Dzhioeva*, Susanna K. Cherchesova , Oleg A. Navatorov, and Sofia F. Lamarton North Ossetian state University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia Abstract. The paper presents data on the species composition and distribution of zoobenthos in the Tsraudon river basin, obtained during the 2017-2019 research. In total, 4 classes of invertebrates (Gastropoda, Crustacea, Hydracarina, Insecta) are found in the benthic structure. The class Insecta has the greatest species diversity. All types of insects in our collections are represented by lithophilic, oligosaprobic fauna. Significant differences in the composition of the fauna of the Tsraudon river creeks and tributary streams have been identified. 7 families of the order Trichoptera are registered in streams, and 4 families in the river. It is established that the streamlets of the family Hydroptilidae do not occur in streams, the distribution boundary of the streamlets of Hydropsyche angustipennis (Hydropsychidae) is concentrated in the mountain-forest zone. The hydrological features of the studied watercourses are also revealed. 1 Introduction The biocenoses of flowing reservoirs of the North Caucasus, and especially small rivers, remain insufficiently explored today; particularly, there is no information about the systematic composition, biology and ecology of amphibiotic insects (mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies and dipterous) of the studied basin. Amphibiotic insects are an essential link in the food chain of our reservoirs and at the same time can be attributed to reliable indicators of water quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Fact Sheet
    SPECIES FACT SHEET Common Name: Scott’s apatanian caddisfly Scientific Name: Allomyia scotti Wiggins 1973 (Imania) Synonyms: Imania scotti Phylum: Mandibulata Class: Insecta Order: Trichoptera Family: Apataniidae Genus: Allomyia Conservation Status: Global Status (2005): G1 National Status (1999): N1 State Statuses: Oregon: S1 (NatureServe 2010). Type Locality: OREGON, Clackamas and Hood River counties, Mt. Hood, 1st to 3rd order streams originating from perennial seeps and springs supplied by permanent snowfields around Mt. Hood at elevations from 3,500 to 5,700 feet (Wiggins 1973b; Wanner and Arendt 2015). Water was clear and cold, temperature in July and August between 2 and 6ºC. Rocks in the stream bear dense growths of a wiry moss (Wiggins 1973b; Wanner and Arendt 2015). Technical Description (Wiggins 1973b): Adult: Length of forewing male 7.7-8.1 mm, female 7.7-9.0 mm. General structure typical of the genus and for tripunctata group; dark brown in color, forewings covered uniformly with dark brown hairs. Venation similar in two sexes, essentially as illustrated for Imania bifosa Ross by Schmid (1955, see fig 15). Wing coupling mechanism consisting of approximately eight stout, non- clavate, bristles at base of hind wing, and line of short, stout, hooked setae along costal margin of hind wing which engage upon long hairs arising from anal margin of forewing (as illustrated for Lepania cascadia by Wiggins 1973a, see fig 21). Male and female genitalia described in Wiggins 1973b. Adult Caddisfly (NC State 2005). 1 Larva: Generally similar to other larvae in this genus, but distinguished primarily by the prominent horns on the head.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Ecosystem Services of Trichoptera
    Review Diversity and Ecosystem Services of Trichoptera John C. Morse 1,*, Paul B. Frandsen 2,3, Wolfram Graf 4 and Jessica A. Thomas 5 1 Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, E-143 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, 701 E University Parkway Drive, Provo, UT 84602, USA; [email protected] 3 Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, 600 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, D.C. 20024, USA 4 BOKU, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstr. 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 5 Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York Y010 5DD, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-864-656-5049 Received: 2 February 2019; Accepted: 12 April 2019; Published: 1 May 2019 Abstract: The holometabolous insect order Trichoptera (caddisflies) includes more known species than all of the other primarily aquatic orders of insects combined. They are distributed unevenly; with the greatest number and density occurring in the Oriental Biogeographic Region and the smallest in the East Palearctic. Ecosystem services provided by Trichoptera are also very diverse and include their essential roles in food webs, in biological monitoring of water quality, as food for fish and other predators (many of which are of human concern), and as engineers that stabilize gravel bed sediment. They are especially important in capturing and using a wide variety of nutrients in many forms, transforming them for use by other organisms in freshwaters and surrounding riparian areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Mayfly Biodiversity (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of the Russian Far East
    Евразиатский энтомол. журнал. Том 11. Прил. 2: 27–34 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2012 Mayfly biodiversity (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of the Russian Far East Áèîðàçíîîáðàçèå ïîä¸íîê (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) ðîññèéñêîãî Äàëüíåãî Âîñòîêà T.M. Tiunova Ò.Ì. Òèóíîâà Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Far East Branch, 100 let Vladivostoku ave. 159, Vladivostok 690022 Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. Биолого-почвенный институт ДВО РАН, просп. 100 лет Владивостоку 159, Владивосток 690022 Россия. Key words: Ephemeroptera, mayfly, fauna, Russian Far East. Ключевые слова: подёнки, фауна, Дальний Восток, Россия. Abstract. The mayfly fauna of the Russian Far East Наибольшее сходство видового состава подёнок currently includes 176 species from 39 genera and 18 fami- Дальнего Востока России с прилегающими территория- lies (i.e. 70 % of the total number of species known in ми отмечено для Японии и Кореи. Russia). The greatest diversity of mayflies is recorded from В биогеографическом отношении в фауне подёнок the southern part of the Russian Far East, including the доминируют палеархеарктические виды, составляющие basins of the Ussuri River, Amur, and the Sea of Japan. более 43 % фауны подёнок Дальнего Востока России. Species with Palaearchearctic ranges represent 43 % of the Наиболее обильны по числу видов с палеархеарктичес- mayfly fauna of the Russian Far East. Mayfly species com- ким и восточно-палеарктическим типами ареалов водо- position of the Russian Far East is similar to surrounding токи бассейнов рек Уссури, Амура и Японского моря. territories of Japan and Korea. Резюме. Фауна подёнок Дальнего Востока России Introduction представлена 176 видами из 39 родов и 18 семейств, что Biological diversity presents balance between for- составляет около 70 % фауны подёнок России и около mation and extinction of species over the course of the 4 % мировой фауны.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomological News
    Vol. 109, No. 3, May & June, 1998 213 SCIENTIFIC NOTE: NEW DISTRIBUTIONS FOR RAPTOHEPTAGENIA CRUENTATA AND AMETROPUS NEAVEI (EPHEMEROPTERA: HEPTAGENIIDAE, AMETROPODIDAE)! 2 4 R.D. Waltz, G. F. Edmunds, Jr?, Gary Lester Large river habitats possess some of the least known mayfly species in North America (McCafferty et al. 1990). Difficulty in sampling such habitats has undoubtedly contributed to the report of widely disjunct distributions of large river species. Decline in the quality of large river habitat has also possibly contributed to localized extirpations and further increased the apparent disjunction of reported distributions (see Whiting and Lehmkuhl 1987, McCafferty et al. 1990). Herein, two large river species, which are rarely collected, are newly reported from Montana. One of these two species is also newly reported from Minnesota. Raptoheptagenia cruentata (Walsh) has been reported previously from nine states or prov- inces in North America based on available literature (see Whiting and Lehmkuhl 1987, Edmunds and Waltz 1995). Reports of larval collections cited in the preceding papers include Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Montana, Ohio, and Saskatchewan. McCafferty (1988) designated the neotype of R. cruentata based on a larva in Indiana, which is housed in the Purdue Entomological Re- search Collection (PERC), West Lafayette, IN. Adult collections have been reported from Illi- nois, Indiana, Nebraska, Tennessee, and Manitoba. Two R. cruentata larvae taken in the Powder River, by G. Romero, with the following col- lection data: MT: Custer Co., Powder R., 11 -XI- 1976(1 larva), and same locale, 11 -VIII -1976 (2 larvae) were the source of the previously unpublished Montana record reported by Edmunds and Waltz (1995).
    [Show full text]
  • New Jersey Amber Mayflies: the First North American Mesozoic Members of the Order (Insecta; Ephemeroptera)
    New Jersey amber mayflies: the first North American Mesozoic members of the order (Insecta; Ephemeroptera) Nina D. Sinitshenkova Paleontological Institute ofthe Russian Academy ofSciences, Profioyuznaya Street 123, Moscow 117647, Russia Abstract The following new genera and species of mayflies are described from Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) amber from Sayreville, New Jersey, U.S.A: Cretomitarcys lu=ii (imago male), (Polymitarcyidae: Cretomitarcyinae, new subfamily), Borephemera goldmani (imago male, Australiphemeridae), Amerogenia macrops (imago female) (Heptageniidae) and Palaeometropus cassus (subadult male) (Ametropodidae). Previously no mayflies were described from the Mesozoic of North America. Ametropodidae and Heptageniidae are newly recorded for the Mesozoic, and Australiphemeridae for the Upper Cretaceous. The mayflies in this amber probably inhabited a medium-sized or large river. Zoogeography of Upper Cretaceous mayflies is briefly discussed; with particular emphasis on significant faunistic differences between the temperate and subtropical areas. Introduction often abundant in drift of modern rivers, lotic nymphs seem to be very rare in the fossil record Through the kindness of Dr. D. Grimaldi like other insects inhabiting running waters (Department of Entomology, American Museum (Zherikhin, 1980; Sinitshenkova, 1987). The of Natural History, New York) I have had an alate mayflies are extremely short-lived, and the opportunity to examine five mayfly specimens probability is quite low of an occasional burial for found among a large collection of fossil insects the flying stages of a lotic species in lake sedi­ enclosed in Late Cretaceous amber of New Jersey. ments. Thus, probably the largest part of past This material is interesting and important in sev­ mayfly diversity became lost as a result of eral respects.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Calibrations for the Arthropod Tree of Life
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/044859; this version posted June 10, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. FOSSIL CALIBRATIONS FOR THE ARTHROPOD TREE OF LIFE AUTHORS Joanna M. Wolfe1*, Allison C. Daley2,3, David A. Legg3, Gregory D. Edgecombe4 1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK 3 Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PZ, UK 4 Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fossil age data and molecular sequences are increasingly combined to establish a timescale for the Tree of Life. Arthropods, as the most species-rich and morphologically disparate animal phylum, have received substantial attention, particularly with regard to questions such as the timing of habitat shifts (e.g. terrestrialisation), genome evolution (e.g. gene family duplication and functional evolution), origins of novel characters and behaviours (e.g. wings and flight, venom, silk), biogeography, rate of diversification (e.g. Cambrian explosion, insect coevolution with angiosperms, evolution of crab body plans), and the evolution of arthropod microbiomes. We present herein a series of rigorously vetted calibration fossils for arthropod evolutionary history, taking into account recently published guidelines for best practice in fossil calibration.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichoptera, Apataniidae) from China
    European Journal of Taxonomy 333: 1–20 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.333 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Xu J. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:60C69946-44B4-4A85-86EF-F63D489E1E4E Associations and a new species of the genus Apatidelia (Trichoptera, Apataniidae) from China Jihua XU 1, Yue XIE 2, Beixin WANG 3 & Changhai SUN 4,* 1, 2, 3, 4 Lab of Insect Taxonomy, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Email: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:8F03EA8B-8C81-48FD-8450-CD811CB220F6 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:7E32A66C-AE20-499D-90D3-D8D5B1645303 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:50CCADCC-F66A-49B2-8BAE-B12FE6229509 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:DD6E8DE5-3E20-4F9E-BC80-5FF92CE798F1 Abstract. Nine individuals of Apatidelia from Zhejiang Province, China were examined and their barcode sequences were generated and analyzed. A new species, A. morsei Xu & Sun sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The larva, male and female of A. acuminata Leng & Yang, 1998 and the male and female of A. morsei Xu & Sun sp. nov. are associated by mtCOI gene sequences. The male of A. acuminata Leng & Yang, 1998 is re-described and re-illustrated, and the female and the larva of the same species are also described and illustrated. Females and larvae of the genus are here reported for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of the V Leptophlebiidae of the ¥ West Indies (Ephemeroptera)
    WILLIAM L. PETE A Revision of the V Leptophlebiidae of the ¥ West Indies (Ephemeroptera) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 62 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Z0°l°gy Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. Each publica- tion is distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, institutes, and interested specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smith- sonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available.
    [Show full text]