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A Monograph by MAJOR Gregory W. Mclean U.S. Army School Of A Monograph by MAJOR Gregory W. McLean U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas AY 2012-001 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-01 88}, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of lew, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 12. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From- To) 17-05-2012 Master's Thesis JUL 2011- MAY 2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Sa. CONTRACT NUMBER Leadership Principles for the new ADP 6-22 Sb. GRANT NUMBER Sc. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Sd. PROJECT NUMBER MAJOR Gregory W. Mclean/ Se. TASK NUMBER Sf. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORG REPORT U.S. Army Command and General Staff College NUMBER ATTN: ATZL-SWD-GD Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2301 9. SPONSORING I MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT What can we learn from past leaders that is important enough to be included in the new Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 6-22? Leadership principles the Army has used to date are inadequate. This monograph reviews some of the most revered generals in military history, to study their leadership principles and determine the commonality among them. The Army is in a state of transition after 10 years of war, and history has shown leadership lessons can be lost during a transition period to a more garrison Army. The purpose of this monograph is to reflect on leadership lessons and use criteria based upon some ofthe great generals from military history. The Army has the chance, like General George C. Marshall did during the interwar period between 1919-1941, by creating a new leadership manual that can save lives and create leadership principles for the Am1y to strive for. These changes to the new ADP can help leaders face the unknown by giving them a road map to handle issues based on principles which are proven trom past revered leaders. Leadership principles are essential to leadding soldiers in the United States Anny, which is why choosing the correct material to fill ADP 6-22 is so important. 1S. SUBJECT TERMS Leadership 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES a. REPORT Ib. ABSTRACT Ic. THIS PAGE 19b. PHONE NUMBER (include area code) (U) (U) (U) (U) 37 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES MONOGRAPH APPROVAL MAJOR Gregory W. McLean Title of Monograph: Leadership Principles for the New ADP 6-22 Approved by: __________________________________ Monograph Director Nathan W. Toronto,Ph.D. __________________________________ Second Reader Derek D. Basinger, LCoL (Canadian Army) ___________________________________ Director, Thomas C. Graves, COL, IN School of Advanced Military Studies ___________________________________ Director, Robert F. Baumann, Ph.D. Graduate Degree Programs Disclaimer: Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author, and do not represent the views of the US Army School of Advanced Military Studies, the US Army Command and General Staff College, the United States Army, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. i Abstract MONOGRAPH by MAJOR Gregory W. McLean U.S. Army, 37 pages. What can we learn from past leaders that is important enough to be included in the new Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 6-22? Leadership principles the Army has used to date are inadequate. This monograph reviews some of the most revered generals in military history, to study their leadership principles and determine the commonality among them. The Army is in a state of transition after 10 years of war, and history has shown leadership lessons can be lost during a transition period to a more garrison Army. The purpose of this monograph is to reflect on leadership lessons and use criteria based upon some of the great generals from military history. The Army has the chance, like General George C. Marshall did during the interwar period between 1919-1941, by creating a new leadership manual that can save lives and create leadership principles for the Army to strive for. These changes to the new ADP can help leaders face the unknown by giving them a road map to handle issues based on principles which are proven from past revered leaders. Today’s leaders have the same responsibility as General Marshall to revise the new leadership doctrine in preperation for the next war using the examples which have been proven from its past. ii Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. ii Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 Literature Review ............................................................................................................... 4 Army Leadership Lessons .................................................................................................. 9 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 33 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 39 iii Introduction Leadership is intangible, and therefore no weapon ever designed can replace it. General Omar Bradley.1 What can we learn from past leaders that is important enough to be included in the new Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 6-22? Leadership principles the Army has used to date are inadequate. Leadership principles are essential for the success of the United States Army in every action it undertakes. This monograph reviews some of the most revered generals in military history, to study their leadership principles and determine the commonality among them. General George C. Marshall’s insight that man is the fundamental instrument in war should be examined to determine if it is still relevant today. Leadership principles are essential to leading soldiers in the United States Army, which is why choosing the correct material to fill ADP 6-22 is so important. The Army is in a state of transition after 10 years of war, and history has shown leadership lessons can be lost during a transition period to a more garrison Army. The purpose of this monograph is to reflect on leadership lessons and use criteria based upon some of the great generals from military history. These generals decorate the United States currency; have cities, towns, states, schools, and monuments named after them. History has demonstrated common traits of perseverance, discipline, understanding your men, calmness under pressure, being an example, and concise orders among these famous generals. These traits are common among all 1 II John T. Nelson, General George C. Marshall: Strategic Leadership and the Challenges of Reconstituting the Army 1939-41, ed. Strategic Studies Insitute (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, 1993), 1. 1 great generals since the conception of the United States Military. General George C. Marshall’s leadership principles contained in Field Service Manual (FSR) 100-5 from 1939 are a good model for the new ADP. The changes, which occurred during the interwar period between 1919-1941, can be a valuable insight to what future challenges the Army faces. The operational environment of 2012 is challenging, but the principles of General Marshall still apply, and should be the bedrock for the new ADP FM 6-22. Soldiers deserve good leaders. The Army has great examples to use from leaders who had well-defined leadership principles. Leaders who are equipped with these leadership principles will serve soldiers as better leaders. Leaders when training for combat, and deployed to combat, do not have time to read leadership principles which are over-explained in length. Non­ commissioned officers and officers revert to using simplicity during combat and maxims based on General Marshall’s principles are easy to understand and proven useful. The Army’s senior leaders understanding how leaders where in search of doctrine which was shorter and easier to reference, introduced a new concept for doctrine in 2009 called “Doctrine 2015” at the Doctrine Re-engineering Conference in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. A significant finding by the Mission Command Center of excellence was that U.S.
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