DOCSLIB.ORG

LIP and ORAL CAVITY STAGING FORM – 8Th Ed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LIP and ORAL CAVITY STAGING FORM – 8Th Ed LIP AND ORAL CAVITY STAGING FORM – 8th ed. Tumor Size __________________ Laterality [ ] Bilateral [ ] Left [ ] Right CLINICAL STAGE CATEGORY OF DEFINITIONS PATHO- LOGIC PRIMARY TUMOR (T) ( ) Tx Primary tumor cannot be assessed ( ) Tx ( ) Tis Carcinoma in situ* ( ) Tis ( ) T1 Tumor ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension, ≤ 5 mm depth of invasion (DOI not tumor thickness) ( ) T1 OR tumor > 2 cm but ≤ 4 cm, and ≤ 10 mm DOI ( ) T2 Tumor ≤ 2 cm, DOI > 5mm and ≤ 10 mm ( ) T2 OR tumor > 2 cm but ≤ 4 cm and ≤ 10 mm DOI ( ) T3 Tumor > 4 cm OR any tumor > 10 mm DOI ( ) T3 ( ) T4 Moderately advanced or very advanced local disease ( ) T4 ( ) T4a Moderately advanced local disease ( ) T4a (Lip) Tumor invades through cortical bone or involves the inferior alveolar nerve, floor of mouth, or skin of face, (i.e., chin or nose) (Oral Cavity) Tumor invades adjacent structures only (e.g., through cortical bone of the mandible or maxilla, or involves the maxillary sinus or skin of the face) Note: Superficial erosion of bone/tooth socket (alone) by a gingival primary is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4 ( ) T4b Very advanced local disease ( ) T4b Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery CLINICAL REGIONAL LYMPH NODES (N) ENE – extranodal extension ( ) Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed ( ) N0 No regional lymph node metastasis ( ) N1 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N2 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, > 3 cm but 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ); OR mets in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ); OR mets in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N2a Metastasis in single ipsilateral lymph node > 3 cm but 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N2b Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N2c Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N3 Metastasis in a lymph node > 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ); OR metastasis in any lymph node(s) with clinically overt ENE ( + ) ( ) N3a Metastasis in a lymph node > 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N3b Metastasis in any lymph node(s) with clinically overt ENE ( + ) Patient Name: _________________________________________ Medical Record Number: ____________________ Financial Number: _________________________ North Kansas City Hospital American Joint Committee on Cancer, pub 2017 2800 Clay Edwards Drive AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th edition North Kansas City, MO 64116 form revised by North Kansas City Hospital 2017 LIP and ORAL CAVITY STAGING FORM – page 2 PATHOLOGIC REGIONAL LYMPH NODES (N) ENE – extranodal extension Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed ( ) Nx No regional lymph node metastasis ( ) N0 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N1 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( + ); ( ) N2 OR mets in single ipsilateral lymph node, > 3 cm but 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ); OR mets in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) OR mets in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) Metastasis in single ipsilateral or contralateral lymph node < 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( + ); ( ) N2a OR metastasis in a single ipsilateral node, > 3 cm but 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ); Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N2b Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N2c Metastasis in a lymph node > 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ); ( ) N3 OR metastasis in a single ipsilateral node > 3 cm and ENE ( + ); OR metastasis in multiple ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral lymph node(s) and any with ENE (+) Metastasis in a lymph node > 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE ( – ) ( ) N3a Metastasis in a single ipsilateral node > 3 cm and ENE ( + ); ( ) N3b OR metastasis in multiple ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral lymph node(s) and any with ENE (+) CLINICAL DISTANT METASTASIS (M) PATHOLOGIC ( ) M0 No distant metastasis (no pathologic M0; use clinical M to complete stage group) ( ) M1 Distant metastasis ( ) M1 AJCC PROGNOSTIC STAGE GROUPS CLINICAL T N M PATHOLOGIC GROUP GROUP ( ) 0 Tis N0 M0 ( ) 0 ( ) I T1 N0 M0 ( ) I ( ) II T2 N0 M0 ( ) II ( ) III T3 N0 M0 ( ) III T1, T2, T3 N1 M0 ( ) IVA T4a N0, N1 M0 ( ) IVA T1, T2, T3, T4a N2 M0 ( ) IVB T4b Any N M0 ( ) IVB Any T N3 M0 ( ) IVC Any T Any N M1 ( ) IVC ( ) Stage unknown Physician signature Date & Time North Kansas City Hospital American Joint Committee on Cancer, pub 2017 2800 Clay Edwards Drive AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th edition North Kansas City, MO 64116 form revised by North Kansas City Hospital 2017 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Series 1100TDM Tandem MEGALUG Mechanical Joint Restraint
    Series 1100TDM Tandem MEGALUG® Mechanical Joint Restraint High Pressure Restraint for Ductile Iron Pipe Features and Applications: • For use on Ductile Iron Pipe 4 inch through 54 inch • High Pressure Restraint • Torque Limiting Twist-Off Nuts • Mechanical Joint follower gland incorporated into the restraint • MEGA-BOND® Coating System For more information on MEGA- BOND, visit our web site at www. ebaa.com • Minimum 2 to 1 Safety Factor Series 1112TDM restraining a mechanical joint fitting. • Constructed of A536 Ductile Iron Post Pressure Rating • EBAA-Seal™ Mechanical Nominal Pipe Shipping Assembly (PSI) Joint Gaskets are provided Size Weights* Deflection with all 1100TDM MEGALUG 4 21.6 3° 700 restraints. These are required 6 33.0 3° 700 to accommodate the pressure ratings and safety factors 8 40.0 3° 700 shown. 10 60.2 3° 700 12 75.0 3° 700 • New: High strength heavy hex 14 112.7 2° 700 machine bolts with T-nuts are 16 131.6 2° 700 provided to facilitate easier assembly due to the fittings 18 145.2 1½° 500 radius area prohibiting the use 20 166.6 1½° 500 longer T-bolts. 24 290.2 1½° 500 30 457.9 1° 500 • T-Nuts constructed of High 36 553.63 1° 500 Tensile Ductile Iron with Fluropolymer Coating. 42 1,074.8 1° 500 48 1,283.1 1° 500 For use on water or wastewater 54 1,445.32 ½° 400 pipelines subject to hydrostatic NOTE: For applications or pressures other than those shown please pressure and tested in accordance contact EBAA for assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. Bilateral Cleft Anatomy 19
    BILATERAL CLEFT ANATOMY IS ATTACHED TO THE SINGLE CLEFT THE PREMAXILLA NORMALLY ROTATED OUTWARD MAXILLA ON ONE SIDE AND THIS ENTIRE COMPONENT IS THE CLEFT SIDE MAXILLA IN AN VARYING DEGREES FROM ASYMMETRICAL DIFFERENT DISTORTION DOUBLE CLEFTS PRESENT AN ENTIRELY CONFIGURA TION IN THE COMPLETE BILATERAL CLEFT THE PREMAXILLA IS UNATTACHED THREE WHICH TO EITHER MAXILLA THUS THERE ARE SEPARATE COMPONENTS IN THEIR DISTORTION THE MAXILLAE ARE MORE OR LESS SYMMETRICAL TWO WHILE THE ARE USUALLY EQUAL TO EACH OTHER IN SIZE AND POSITION FORWARD ITS IN CENTRAL PREMAXILLARY ELEMENT PROCEEDS ON OWN WITHIN ITSELF FOR DIFFERENT DEGREES BUT WITH SYMMETRY EXCEPT IJI POSSIBLE DEVIATION FRONTONASAL THE COMPLETE SEPARATION OF THE CENTRAL COMPONENT OF PROLABIUM AND PREMAXILLA FROM THE LATERAL MAXILLARY SEGMENTS THE VASCULAR ABNORMALLY INFLUENCES NOSE PHILTRUM MUSCULATURE AND OF ALL THREE ELEMENTS ITY NERVE SUPPLY GROWTH DEVELOPMENT WHERE THE CLEFT IS INCOMPLETE ON BOTH SIDES THE DEFORMITY IS LESS AND IS STILL SYMMETRICAL IN SUCH CASE THERE IS USUALLY MORE OR LESS INTACT ALVEOLUS AND LITTLE OR NO PROTRUSION OF THE PRE THE MAXILLA THE COLUMELLA IS LIKELY TO BE LONGER THAN IN COMPLETE CLEFT BUT NOT OF NORMAL LENGTH SOMETIMES SOMETIMES THE DEGREE OF CLEFT VARIES ON EACH SIDE SIDE THE INCOMPLETENESS SHOWS AS ONLY THE SLIGHTEST NOTCH ON ONE SIDE OR THERE CLEFT ON THE OPPOSITE AND HALFWAY OR THREEQUARTER ON THE CLEFT ONE SIDE AND AN INCOMPLETE ONE CAN BE COMPLETE ON OF THE EXASPERATING ASPECT OTHER WHICH CONDITION EXAGGERATES THE ROTATION OF THE IN THE AND NOSE
    [Show full text]
  • Tongue -Tie (Ankyloglossia) and Lip -Tie (Lip Adhesion)
    Tongue -Tie (Ankyloglossia) and Lip -Tie (Lip Adhesion) What is Tongue-Tie? Most of us think of tongue -tie as a situation we find ourselves in when we are too excited to speak. Actually, tongue- tie is the non medical term for a relatively common physical condition that limits the use of the tongue, ankyloglossia. Lip -tie is a condition where the upper lip cannot be curled or moved normally. Before we are born, a strong cord of tissue that guides development of mouth structures is positioned in the center of the mouth. It is called a frenulum. As we develop, this frenulum recedes and thins. The lingual (tongue) or labial (lip) frenulum is visible and easily felt if you look in the mirror under your tongue and lip. In some children, the frenulum is especially tight or fails to recede and may cause tongue/lip mobility problems. The tongue and lip are a very complex group of muscles and are important for all oral function. For this reason having tongue tie can lead to nursing, eating, dental, or speech problems, which may be serious in some individuals. When Is Tongue and Lip- Tie a Problem That Needs Treatment? Infants A new baby with a too tight tongue and/or lip frenulum can have trouble sucking and may have poor weight gain. If they cannot make a good seal on the nipple, they may swallow air causing gas and stomach problems. Such feeding problems should be discussed with Dr. Sierra. Nursing mothers who experience significant pain while nursing or whose baby has trouble latching on should have their child evaluated for tongue and lip tie.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 14. Anthropometry and Biomechanics
    Table of contents 14 Anthropometry and biomechanics........................................................................................ 14-1 14.1 General application of anthropometric and biomechanic data .....................................14-2 14.1.1 User population......................................................................................................14-2 14.1.2 Using design limits ................................................................................................14-4 14.1.3 Avoiding pitfalls in applying anthropometric data ................................................14-6 14.1.4 Solving a complex sequence of design problems ..................................................14-7 14.1.5 Use of distribution and correlation data...............................................................14-11 14.2 Anthropometric variability factors..............................................................................14-13 14.3 Anthropometric and biomechanics data......................................................................14-13 14.3.1 Data usage............................................................................................................14-13 14.3.2 Static body characteristics....................................................................................14-14 14.3.3 Dynamic (mobile) body characteristics ...............................................................14-28 14.3.3.1 Range of whole body motion........................................................................14-28
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropometrical Orofacial Measurement in Children from Three to Five Years Old
    899 MEDIDAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS OROFACIAIS EM CRIANÇAS DE TRÊS A CINCO ANOS DE IDADE Anthropometrical orofacial measurement in children from three to five years old Raquel Bossle(1), Mônica Carminatti(1), Bárbara de Lavra-Pinto(1), Renata Franzon (2), Fernando de Borba Araújo (3), Erissandra Gomes(3) RESUMO Objetivo: obter as medidas antropométricas orofaciais em crianças pré-escolares de três a cinco anos e realizar a correlação com idade cronológica, gênero, raça e hábitos orais. Métodos: estudo transversal com 93 crianças selecionadas por meio de amostra de conveniência consecutiva. Os responsáveis responderam a um questionário sobre os hábitos orais e as crianças foram submetidas a uma avaliação odontológica e antropométrica da face. O nível de significância utilizado foi p<0,05. Resultados: as médias das medidas antropométricas orofaciais foram descritas. Houve diferença estatística nas medidas de altura da face (p<0,001), terço médio da face (p<0,001), canto externo do olho até a comissura labial esquerda/direita (p<0,001) e lábio inferior (p=0,015) nas faixas etárias. O gênero masculino apresentou medidas superiores na altura de face (p=0,003), terço inferior da face (p<0,001), lábio superior (p=0,001) e lábio inferior (p<0,001). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na altura do lábio superior em sujeitos não brancos (p=0,03). A presença de hábitos orais não influenciou os resultados. O aleitamento materno exclusivo por seis meses influenciou o aumento da medida de terço médio (p=0,022) e da altura da face (p=0,037). Conclusão: as médias descritas neste estudo foram superiores aos padrões encontrados em outros estudos.
    [Show full text]
  • Updates in Assessment of the Breast After Neoadjuvant Treatment
    Updates in Assessment of The Breast After Neoadjuvant Treatment Laila Khazai 3/3/18 AJCC, 8th Edition AJCC • Pathologic Prognostic Stage is not applicable for patients who receive neoadjuvant therapy. • Pathologic staging includes all data used for clinical staging, plus data from surgical resection. • Information recorded should include: – Clinical Prognostic Stage. – The category information for either clinical (ycT and ycN) response to therapy if surgery is not performed, or pathologic (ypT and ypN) if surgery is performed. – Degree of response (complete, partial, none). AJCC • Post -treatment size should be estimated based on the best combination of imaging, gross, and microscopic histological findings. • The ypT is determined by measuring the largest single focus of residual invasive tumor, with a modifier (m) indicating multiple foci of residual tumor. • This measurement does not include areas of fibrosis within the tumor bed. • When the only residual cancer intravascular or intralymphatic (LVI), the yPT0 category is assigned, but it is not classified as complete pathologic response. A formal system (i.e. RCB, Miller-Payne, Chevalier, …) may be offered in the report. Otherwise, description of the distance over which tumor foci extend, the number of tumor foci present, or the number of tumor slides/blocks in which tumor appears might be offered. AJCC • The ypN categories are the same as those used for pN. • Only the largest contiguous focus of residual tumor is used for classification (treatment associated fibrosis is not included). • Inclusion of additional information such as distance over which tumor foci extend and the number of tumor foci present, may assist the clinician in estimating the extent of residual disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Terminology Abbreviations Medical Terminology Abbreviations
    34 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS The following list contains some of the most common abbreviations found in medical records. Please note that in medical terminology, the capitalization of letters bears significance as to the meaning of certain terms, and is often used to distinguish terms with similar acronyms. @—at A & P—anatomy and physiology ab—abortion abd—abdominal ABG—arterial blood gas a.c.—before meals ac & cl—acetest and clinitest ACLS—advanced cardiac life support AD—right ear ADL—activities of daily living ad lib—as desired adm—admission afeb—afebrile, no fever AFB—acid-fast bacillus AKA—above the knee alb—albumin alt dieb—alternate days (every other day) am—morning AMA—against medical advice amal—amalgam amb—ambulate, walk AMI—acute myocardial infarction amt—amount ANS—automatic nervous system ant—anterior AOx3—alert and oriented to person, time, and place Ap—apical AP—apical pulse approx—approximately aq—aqueous ARDS—acute respiratory distress syndrome AS—left ear ASA—aspirin asap (ASAP)—as soon as possible as tol—as tolerated ATD—admission, transfer, discharge AU—both ears Ax—axillary BE—barium enema bid—twice a day bil, bilateral—both sides BK—below knee BKA—below the knee amputation bl—blood bl wk—blood work BLS—basic life support BM—bowel movement BOW—bag of waters B/P—blood pressure bpm—beats per minute BR—bed rest MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS 35 BRP—bathroom privileges BS—breath sounds BSI—body substance isolation BSO—bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy BUN—blood, urea, nitrogen
    [Show full text]
  • About Your Knee
    OrthoInfo Basics About Your Knee What are the parts of the knee? Your knee is Your knee is made up of four main things: bones, cartilage, ligaments, the largest joint and tendons. in your body Bones. Three bones meet to form your knee joint: your thighbone and one of the (femur), shinbone (tibia), and kneecap (patella). Your patella sits in most complex. front of the joint and provides some protection. It is also vital Articular cartilage. The ends of your thighbone and shinbone are covered with articular cartilage. This slippery substance to movement. helps your knee bones glide smoothly across each other as you bend or straighten your leg. Because you use it so Two wedge-shaped pieces of meniscal cartilage act as much, it is vulnerable to Meniscus. “shock absorbers” between your thighbone and shinbone. Different injury. Because it is made from articular cartilage, the meniscus is tough and rubbery to help up of so many parts, cushion and stabilize the joint. When people talk about torn cartilage many different things in the knee, they are usually referring to torn meniscus. can go wrong. Knee pain or injury Femur is one of the most (thighbone) common reasons people Patella (kneecap) see their doctors. Most knee problems can be prevented or treated with simple measures, such as exercise or Articular cartilage training programs. Other problems require surgery Meniscus to correct. Tibia (shinbone) 1 OrthoInfo Basics — About Your Knee What are ligaments and tendons? Ligaments and tendons connect your thighbone Collateral ligaments. These are found on to the bones in your lower leg.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
    Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails ­proficiency­in­communicating­with­healthcare­professionals­such­as­physicians,­nurses,­ or dentists.
    [Show full text]
  • Head and Neck
    DEFINITION OF ANATOMIC SITES WITHIN THE HEAD AND NECK adapted from the Summary Staging Guide 1977 published by the SEER Program, and the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Fifth Edition published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging. Note: Not all sites in the lip, oral cavity, pharynx and salivary glands are listed below. All sites to which a Summary Stage scheme applies are listed at the begining of the scheme. ORAL CAVITY AND ORAL PHARYNX (in ICD-O-3 sequence) The oral cavity extends from the skin-vermilion junction of the lips to the junction of the hard and soft palate above and to the line of circumvallate papillae below. The oral pharynx (oropharynx) is that portion of the continuity of the pharynx extending from the plane of the inferior surface of the soft palate to the plane of the superior surface of the hyoid bone (or floor of the vallecula) and includes the base of tongue, inferior surface of the soft palate and the uvula, the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars, the glossotonsillar sulci, the pharyngeal tonsils, and the lateral and posterior walls. The oral cavity and oral pharynx are divided into the following specific areas: LIPS (C00._; vermilion surface, mucosal lip, labial mucosa) upper and lower, form the upper and lower anterior wall of the oral cavity. They consist of an exposed surface of modified epider- mis beginning at the junction of the vermilion border with the skin and including only the vermilion surface or that portion of the lip that comes into contact with the opposing lip.
    [Show full text]
  • Six Steps to the “Perfect” Lip Deborah S
    September 2012 1081 Volume 11 • Issue 9 Copyright © 2012 ORIGINAL ARTICLES Journal of Drugs in Dermatology SPECIAL TOPIC Six Steps to the “Perfect” Lip Deborah S. Sarnoff MD FAAD FACPa and Robert H. Gotkin MD FACSb,c aRonald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY bLenox Hill Hospital—Manhattan Eye, Ear & Throat Institute, New York, NY cNorth Shore—LIJ Health Systems, Manhasset, NY ABSTRACT Full lips have always been associated with youth and beauty. Because of this, lip enhancement is one of the most frequently re- quested procedures in a cosmetic practice. For novice injectors, we recommend hyaluronic acid (HA) as the filler of choice. There is no skin test required; it is an easily obtainable, “off-the-shelf” product that is natural feeling when skillfully implanted in the soft tissues. Hyaluronic acid is easily reversible with hyaluronidase and, therefore, has an excellent safety profile. While Restylane® is the only FDA-approved HA filler with a specific indication for lip augmentation, one can use the following HA products off-label: Juvéderm® Ultra, Juvéderm Ultra Plus, Juvéderm Ultra XC, Juvéderm Ultra PLUS XC, Restylane-L®, Perlane®, Perlane-L®, and Belotero®. We present our six steps to achieve aesthetically pleasing augmented lips. While there is no single prescription for a “perfect” lip, nor a “one size fits all” approach for lip augmentation, these 6 steps can be used as a basic template for achieving a natural look. For more comprehensive, global perioral rejuvenation, our 6-step technique can be combined with the injection of neuromodulating agents and fractional laser skin resurfacing during the same treatment session.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring Methods of Human Body Joints: State-Of-The-Art and Research Challenges
    sensors Review Monitoring Methods of Human Body Joints: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges Abu Ilius Faisal 1, Sumit Majumder 1 , Tapas Mondal 2, David Cowan 3, Sasan Naseh 1 and M. Jamal Deen 1,* 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; [email protected] (A.I.F.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (S.N.) 2 Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; [email protected] 3 Department of Medicine, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-905-5259-140 (ext. 27137) Received: 26 April 2019; Accepted: 4 June 2019; Published: 10 June 2019 Abstract: The world’s population is aging: the expansion of the older adult population with multiple physical and health issues is now a huge socio-economic concern worldwide. Among these issues, the loss of mobility among older adults due to musculoskeletal disorders is especially serious as it has severe social, mental and physical consequences. Human body joint monitoring and early diagnosis of these disorders will be a strong and effective solution to this problem. A smart joint monitoring system can identify and record important musculoskeletal-related parameters. Such devices can be utilized for continuous monitoring of joint movements during the normal daily activities of older adults and the healing process of joints (hips, knees or ankles) during the post-surgery period. A viable monitoring system can be developed by combining miniaturized, durable, low-cost and compact sensors with the advanced communication technologies and data processing techniques.
    [Show full text]