HAUSTORIUM 78 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Plants Newsletter ISSN 1944-6969 Official Organ of the International Parasitic Plant Society (http://www.parasiticplants.org/)
July 2020 Number 78
CONTENTS
MESSAGE FROM THE IPPS PRESIDENT (Julie Scholes)………………………………………………..………2
INVITATION: GENERAL ASSEMBLY INTERNATIONAL PARASITIC PLANT SOCIETY, 25 AUGUST 2020, 3.00-4.30 pm cet (on-line)……………………………………………………………………………………… 2
FREE MEMBERSHIP OF THE INTERNATIONAL PARASITIC PLANT SOCIETY UNTIL JUNE 2021…3
STUDENT PROJECT Impact of soil microorganisms on the seedbank of the plant parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. Getahun Mitiku ………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
PROJECT UPDATES PROMISE: promoting root microbes for integrated Striga eradication………………………………………… 4 Parasites of parasites: the Toothpick Project……………………………………………………………………… 5
PROFILE Archeuthobium oxi-cedri – juniper dwarf mistletoe (Chris Parker)…………………………………………….. 6 OPEN SESAME (Lytton Musselman et al.)………………………………………………………………………. 7
PRESS REPORTS Some sorghum can ‘hide’ from witchweed………………………………………………………………………… 8 CRISPR replicates the mutations…………………………………………………………………………………... 8 Unique centromere type discovered in the European dodder …………………………………………………… 9 Action is needed to preserve a rare species of mistletoe in Dunedin’s Town Belt, a botany student says…….. 10
THESIS Kaiser, Bettina, 2020. Dodder and Tomato - A plant-plant dialogue…………………………………………… 11
MEETING REPORT Mistletoe in Tumour Therapy: Basic Research and Clinical Practice. 7th. Mistelsymposium, Nov. 2019…… 11
FUTURE MEETINGS 16th World Congress on Parasitic plants - Nairobi, Kenya. ……………………………………………………. 12 Symposium on Holoparasites. Namibia, September, 2022………………………………………………………. 12 Virtual Agbiol Conference 1-3 September 2020, Edirne, Turkey ……………………………………………… 12
GENERAL WEB SITES…………………………………………………………………………………………... 12
Literature…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
End notes……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
HAUSTORIUM 78 2
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PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE (https://forms.gle/kjukWEqFuHQvTXfX6). Again, these links can also be accessed from the Dear IPPS members website. Please note the closing date for both I hope you are all keeping well and managing to polls is Wednesday 12th August. continue your research in these difficult times. I would like to take this opportunity to thank As you will see, the new IPPS website is going Maurizio Vurro (Secretary), Airong Li (Member from strength to strength, thanks to the efforts of at Large and Harro Bouwmeester (Vice President) Harro, Susann and Luiza. I would like to for all the hard work they have done for the encourage everyone to look at and interact with Society over the last four years. the website, as it is continually updated with new Harro is now taking over as President, so this is information about members, the society, my last President’s message. It has been a great publications and news items. Two important news pleasure and an honour to serve as Vice President items I would like to bring to your attention are and President of this Society over the last eight the venue for the 16th World Congress on years. I would like to thank everyone who has Parasitic Plants and the current round of IPPS contributed to the society, including members of elections. the Executive committee, organisers of the WCPP As outlined in the last issue of Haustorium, we Congresses and members of the society. I feel that had two excellent offers to host the 16th World parasitic plant research is becoming more main Congress on Parasitic Plants, from Steven Runo stream with increasing numbers of young and Damaris Odeny (Nairobi, Kenya) and Hannan researchers interested in parasitic plants, which and colleagues (Jerusalem, Israel). Both venues bodes well for the future of the Society. I look were very popular but the next meeting will be forward to maintaining links with the society and held in Nairobi, Kenya in July 2021, if conditions to meeting everyone at the next Congress in allow. The date of the congress will be reviewed Nairobi, hopefully in 2021. towards the end of the year, if COVID-19 is still With very best wishes widespread. Julie Scholes It is also time for election of a new Vice President and Secretary. All the positions on the Executive IPPS President Committee are four-year positions which are staggered so that different officers are elected every two years to provide continuity. However, INVITATION: GENERAL ASSEMBLY the Vice President position is different as the Vice INTERNATIONAL PARASITIC PLANT President will automatically become the next SOCIETY 25 AUGUST 2020 3.00-4.30 pm cet President of the Society, so it is an eight year (on-line) commitment. Dear IPPS member, We have excellent candidates for both the Vice
President and Secretary positions. For Vice We want to invite you to the first online General President the candidates are Professor Markus Assembly of the IPPS on Tuesday 25 August Albert, Dr Steven Runo, Dr Jonne Rodenburg, Dr 2020 3.00-4.30 pm cet. As the Executive Satoko Yoshida and Dr Chris Thorogood. Committee, we have decided that it would be Candidates for Secretary of the society are: good to organize our General Assembly more Professor Airong Li, Professor Ahmet Auludag regularly, as indicated on the IPPS Constitution. and Dr Dr Mónica Fernández-Aparicio. Therefore, we will organize an online General Biographies of all the candidates are available on Assembly meeting every two years, alternated the IPPS website, so please have a look at these. with the occurrence of in-person General The link to the Election Google Poll for Vice Assembly meetings during the World Congress of President is Parasitic Plants (WCPP). (https://forms.gle/zRouFZvSbbxZw14g9) and for Secretary of the Society the link is HAUSTORIUM 78 3
For our first online meeting this year, we would membership fee either through your attendance at like to update you and get your opinion on a the WCPP or via the IPPS website. If you would number of IPPS matters: like to become a member, please send an email to - The new IPPS website [email protected]. You will receive an - The new IPPS Executive Committee, email inviting you to confirm your membership results of the elections by logging in on the IPPS website member area. - Changes to the Society’s Constitution After doing so, we kindly ask you to update your - Membership and membership fee member profile on the website with a short description of your scientific interest and a picture payment of yourself as well as an image representing your Installation IPPS Advisory Board - institution. Through the website member area, you We hope to see all of you on Tuesday 25 August can also post news and vacancies, access high- 2020 3.00-4.30 pm CET on https://uva- resolution pictures of parasitic plants, and live.zoom.us/j/91346420541 communicate with other members.
The current IPPS Executive Committee (Julie I hope that many of you use this opportunity to Scholes, Harro Bouwmeester, Maurizio Vurro, become a member and support our society! Philippe Simier, Susann Wicke, Airong Li, Luiza Teixeira-Costa) Julie Scholes, president of the IPPS
NB You can only attend the General Assembly if you are a member of the IPPS. All who attended STUDENT PROJECT the WCPP in Amsterdam are current members. However, we are inviting everyone who is Impact of soil microorganisms on the seedbank interested in the IPPS to become a member free of of the plant parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. charge until June 2021 (see Society news in Getahun Mitiku (PhD candidate) and Haustorium and at www.parasiticplants.org). If collaborators: you would like to become a member, please send Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands an email to [email protected]. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia FREE MEMBERSHIP OF THE Institute of Biology, Leiden University, INTERNATIONAL PARASITIC PLANT Netherlands SOCIETY UNTIL JUNE 2021 Control of S. hermonthica remains challenging Membership of the International Parasitic Plant due to the enormous amounts of seeds produced Society (IPPS) is traditionally associated with per plant and high seed survival rates in soils. To participation in the World Congress on Parasitic date, few efforts have been made to explore the Plants (WCPP), as the registration for these events functional potential of the soil and sorghum root includes the IPPS membership fee. Formally, this microbiome as a complementary strategy to implies that only the attendants of the most recent reduce the Striga seedbank and Striga infections WCPP are members of the IPPS. Taking of the host plants. Hence, the overall aims of my advantage of recent changes in the IPPS PhD study are i) to investigate the importance of Constitution and Executive Committee, we have soil microbes in diminishing the S. hermonthica decided to establish a more constant form of seedbank and ii) to unravel the relationship membership. Membership registration and fee between soil physicochemical properties, soil payment will still be coupled to the WCPP, but microbiome composition, Striga seedbank and members who do not attend the WCPP will be Striga incidence in sorghum-growing enabled to continue their membership by paying a agroecological zones of Ethiopia. membership fee via the IPPS website. To facilitate this transition, we are offering anyone who is The availability of fast, high-throughput and interested in becoming a member of the IPPS free robust techniques for the in-situ detection and membership until June 2021. quantification of Striga seeds in agricultural soils is a crucial step for investigating the impact of In June 2021 we will have the next WCPP, in edaphic factors on Striga seedbank dynamics. Nairobi, and you will be able to pay your Hence, we developed a new qPCR-based HAUSTORIUM 78 4 detection and quantification of Striga seeds in suppression of Striga and other root parasitic agricultural field soils. The efficiency of the weeds have focused on the activities of single technique was also assessed in proof-of-principle microbial species, mostly fungi and bacteria. In experiment involving introduction of known the PROMISE project, the ultimate goal is to numbers of Striga seeds in two Striga-free Dutch design synthetic microbial communities agricultural soils. By integrating density-based (SynComs) or identify microbial metabolites that extraction, size-dependent sieving approach and consistently suppress Striga infections or trigger DNA extraction, our results showed that very few suicidal germination of the Striga seed bank. The Striga seeds could be recovered, detected and design of SynComs should involve microbes with quantified. This new integrated detection method complementary modes of action that act together was also deployed for the detection and or synergistically, and preferably at different quantification of Striga seeds in a total of stages of the parasite’s life cycle. This reinforces approximately 50 naturally infested soils from the need to understand the taxonomic and sorghum-growing areas of Ethiopia. Multivariate functional diversity of the sorghum root analyses were performed to establish the microbiome and the dynamic changes in the relationship between Striga incidence monitored microbiome during plant and parasite in the field, Striga seedbank, soil physicochemical development as well as their interaction. characteristics and microbial composition in the Moreover, a microbiome-mediated strategy for same areas of the country. We are currently Striga control should take into account how each investigating the survival rates of Striga seeds in microbial member of the consortium behaves these ±50 field soils with the goal to identify and across different soil conditions, how their characterize the microorganisms that trigger activities are influenced by the genotypic diversity suicidal germination of Striga seeds or affect their of the host and parasite as well as by other viability in agricultural soils. commonly used agricultural practices used to control Striga (e.g. crop rotation, trap/catch crop).
PROJECT UPDATES
PROMISE: promoting root microbes for integrated Striga eradication
The PROMISE project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation aims to harness soil and root microbiomes to control Striga infection of sorghum and other crop species. To this end a multidisciplinary team with expertise in agronomy, microbiology, mycology, plant chemistry, plant development, molecular biology and bioinformatics were brought together to Figure 1: a sorghum field site in Ethiopia sampled develop new complementary approaches to control in the PROMISE project to map the Striga this devastating parasitic weed. seedbank and to characterize the soil and sorghum root microbiome (photo courtesy: Dr. Taye Microbes can directly and indirectly interfere with Tessema, EIAR). the Striga life-cycle, either by deterring the parasite or by triggering processes that impair In the past 2-3 years of the PROMISE project, we infection of the host roots (Masteling et al., 2019). have developed a highly sensitive molecular Direct modes of action include i) pathogenicity detection method that allows accurate towards Striga, ii) antagonism via secondary quantification of Striga seeds in field soils. This metabolites or volatile organic compounds, and technique is now applied in the project to i) iii) interference with host-Striga signalling. quantitatively map the geographic distribution of Indirect modes of action by which microbes could the Striga seedbank in soils from Ethiopia and suppress Striga include a) enhancement of nutrient other sub-Saharan countries, ii) assess the relation (P, N) acquisition by the host, b) induced systemic between Striga seedbank and incidence in resistance (ISR), and c) alteration of root sorghum fields across different agro-ecologies in exudation or root architecture (Masteling et al., Ethiopia, and iii) investigate the impact of existing 2019). To date, most studies on microbe-mediated and new (microbiome-based) approaches that HAUSTORIUM 78 5 target the Striga seedbank. To identify Striga- - Netherlands Institute of Ecology – Prof. antagonistic microbes or microbial metabolites, Jos Raaijmakers we developed an automated computer vision tool for image analysis and high-through-put For more detailed information on the team bioassays. To isolate potential members of a members, objectives and accomplishments, please microbial SynCom, we determined the core and visit the PROMISE website: accessory root microbiome of sorghum. Defining https://www.promise.nioo.knaw.nl the core microbiome allows us to target microorganisms and traits that are consistently Reference associated with roots of different sorghum Masteling, R., Lombard, L., De Boer, W., genotypes growing in soils from different Raaijmakers, J. M., and Dini-Andreote, agroecological zones. To identify specific F. 2019. Harnessing the microbiome to microbial genera that interfere with the Striga life- control plant parasitic weeds. Current cycle we are screening a well-characterized and Opinion in Microbiology 49(June), 26- sequenced bacterial culture collection representing 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2019.09.0 multiple phyla, genera and species. We also 06 established and characterized a large fungal isolate collection (approximately 4,000 isolates) from Ethiopian field soils, sorghum roots and Striga PARASITES OF PARASITES – THE seeds. Several of these significantly interfere with TOOTHPICK PROJECT Striga seed germination. Similarly, we established a large collection of P-solubilizing bacteria which Plant pathogens have been studied for their are being tested for their abilities to affect the possible use in weed control. However, most strigolactone-based signalling between host and pathogens of weeds are not useful in their wild parasite. form because they are not sufficiently host- specific and/or virulent enough. In short, they In the context of host-parasite signalling, we have evolved a sort of ‘pathosymbiosis’ or identified new putative mechanisms by which the controlled coexistence with their host. A mere root microbiome can exert a suppressive effect on 40% damage isn’t enough if they are to compete Striga root infection by manipulation of the host against chemical herbicides. Through our project, (sorghum) physiology, host-Striga signalling and demonstrated in Kenya on Striga, we see that root cellular traits. These mechanisms are being these barriers can be overcome. further explored in the coming year. In this context, we also initiated collaborations with two Research out of the David Sands Lab at Montana other projects funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates State University has focused on the inhibitory Foundation, i.e. N2-Africa and ENSA. Together effects of certain amino acids on the growth and with team members of N2-Africa, experiments on development of specific plants. Pathogens that Striga seed bank detection in selected Kenyan overproduce these chosen amino acids can be soils were initiated. For ENSA, experiments were easily selected from a pool of spontaneous conducted to evaluate the impact of specific plant mutants. Such mutants can have increased genes on root microbiome assembly and Striga pathogenicity to their target weed and enhanced infection. field performance as biocontrol agents. Enhancement of biocontrol efficacy in pathogen– PROMISE consists of the following institutes and host systems can lead to obtaining biocontrol PI’s: agents capable of producing inhibitory levels of - Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural selected amino acids in situ. Research (EIAR) – Dr. Taye Tessema - University of California, Davis – Prof. The target we chose was Striga hermonthica, Siobhan Brady which continues to be a major parasite ofmaize, - University of Amsterdam – Prof. Harro sorghum, millet, rice and now wheat, grown by 40 Bouwmeester million subsistence farmers in Sub-Saharan - Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Africa. The pathogen should be endemic, and safe – Prof. Pedro Crous in its host specificity. It must be delivered to ‘that - AgBiome, Research Triangle Park, NC – last mile’ all the way to subsistence farmers where Dr. Tracy Raines they can see a solid return on their investment. To overcome these problems of cost, efficacy and HAUSTORIUM 78 6 safety we embarked on a decade long saga to Before going to Turkey (for my first time) I had develop a solution to the Striga problem. checked and found that A.oxy-cedri occurred on Mt Sypilos (Mt Spil) some 100km N. of Kusdasi. The Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae strains that Having a few extra days there after the Congress I we have selected are affordably delivered to the persuaded Lytton Musselman and Jay Bolin to village level on a toothpick (hence the name The join me on an expedition to find it. We hired a Toothpick Project) and then grown into a live, vehicle and set out having to ask our way several fresh inoculum by each farmer or as a group at the times but eventually winding our way up to an village level. In over 1000 paired-plot trials, crop elevation of about 1000m. yield has increased 42-56%. A social enterprise is now fully commercializing this innovation in Towards the end of the first day we had made Kenya, subject to completion of necessary several stops where we looked at junipers a regulation for a biocontrol product which should number of times but without success. In the be completed shortly after 5 years, sadly evening at our hotel overnight Lytton confessed interrupted by the COVID-19 outbreak. This that he had been guiding us to look at the wrong should then serve as a scale-up model for Striga species of juniper. Hence the next morning we and other weeds beyond that one country. very soon found J. oxy-cedrus on a steep rocky slope infested quite heavily by A. oxy-cedri. In parallel to the Kenya enterprise, we are focusing on capacity-building in twelve other African countries by setting up and training a team of scientists from these countries. With cultivation by the Toothpick Project, bioherbicides are a growth industry primed for international collaboration, using the team’s expertise to explore other methods of disbursement and distribution, expansion to other weeds, and commercialization innovations. Please visit www.toothpickproject.org for more information and to potentially get involved.
Dr. David Sands and Claire Baker
PROFILE Eureka!! (photo Chris Parker)
Archeuthobium oxi-cedri – juniper dwarf This species is distributed from Spain and mistletoe Morocco, to Lebanon and Syria, reaching Kurdistan in Iran, Iraq and the Caucasus Archeuthobium oxy-cedri is the one European mountains. Also the Himalayas in Pakistan, India, species of this vastly important and damaging and China. A. oxycedri differs from the North genus. Like so many species in the genus, it has a American species in having junipers as host narrow host specificity parasitizing just certain plants, and in its wide geographical distribution, Cupressaceae, mainly juniper species, and most mainly at moderate altitude, and in a relatively notably Juniperus oxy-cedrus, which is a source of mild Mediterranean climate. It is greener than cade oil, used in cosmetics and traditional most Arceuthobium spp. but is still largely medicine, but is otherwise relatively unimportant dependent on the host and has a debilitating economically. effect.
A. oxy-cedri is one of only three mistletoe species In common with other Arceuthobium spp. A. in Europe. As such, I had always wished to see it. oxycedri is dioecious, the male flowers 1.5-2 mm I had always been familiar with Viscum album and across, perianth mostly 3-merous. The mature had eventually seen Loranthus europaeus when on fruit is about 3 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide. a camping holiday in Italy. The latter we had also Pollination appears to be predominantly due to seen during a field trip organised during the 10th insects, especially ants and flies, but may also Parasitic Plant Congress in Kusadasi, in 2009. HAUSTORIUM 78 7 occur by wind (Hawksworth and Wiens, 1996). In Hawksworth, F.G. and Wiens, D. 1996. Dwarf A. oxycedri, anthesis occurs mostly in September- Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and October (August - September in China). Systematics. Agricultural Handbook 709. Following fertilization of the 'ovule', the fruit USDA Forest Service. 410 pp. matures 13 months later in October - November of the following year. Chris Parker – with warm thanks to Lytton and Jay for their companionship on this memorable trip, and for assistance in preparing this article.
OPEN SESAME
While conducting field work on Hydnora in northwestern Namibia we happened upon a population of a distinctive shrub, Sesamothamnus guerichii with the descriptive common name of Herero sesame bush. It grows almost exclusively in the region of the Herero peoples in Namibia and is in the same family, Pedaliaceae, as the familiar sesame plant, Sesamum indica the source of sesame seeds. What caught our eye was nothing familiar, however.
A. oxy-cedri on J. oxy-cedrus (photos Lytton Musselman)
No true seed is formed, as there is no testa, but the embryo is embedded in chlorophyllous endosperm, referred to as a seed for convenience, surrounded by viscin. The embryo is green, a few millimetres long, and has a meristematic radicular apex without a root cap. Dispersal of the seed is exceptional, involving a hydrostatic, explosive process which expels the seed at least 10 m The shrub Sesamothamnus guerichii (photo (CABI, 2020). It is included in this Invasive Lytton Musselman) Species Compendium due to its potential, if introduced, to damage North American species of At the base of the shrub we found what looked economic value. like Orobanche shoots. As we continued our search for Hydnora the next few days we came References: upon a few additional populations of Sesamothamnus and examined them for the CABI, 2020. CABI Invasive Species parasite and found some just coming into flower. Compendium It obviously was not a species of Orobanche but (https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/search/?s rather in the genus Alectra. Host selection cannot earchtype=advance-search&q=). be assumed by proximity of the parasite to a HAUSTORIUM 78 8 potential host as we have learned from decades of of hosts, including sorghum, the world’s fifth field work, but excavation showed a connection most important cereal crop. between roots. Changes to the LGS1 gene affect some of the crop’s hormones, making it harder for parasites to find in the soil, at least in some regions. The changes, however, may come at a cost, affecting photosynthesis-related systems and perhaps growth.
The new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences may eventually inform strategies for managing the parasite. ‘We wanted to know if sorghum plants in areas with high parasite prevalence were locally adapted by having LGS1 mutations,’ says Jesse Lasky, Alectra orobanchoides (photo Lytton Musselman) assistant professor of biology at Penn State and senior author of the paper. ‘We often think about Plants were not mature so we had difficulty local adaptation of agricultural crops with regard determining which species of the parasite it might to factors like temperature, drought, or salinity. be. A web search was not helpful nor was a search For example, if plants in a particularly dry region of herbarium specimens for potential helpful label were locally adapted to have genes associated data. In fact, there appear to be very few with drought-tolerance, we could potentially breed herbarium specimens of S. guerichii. However, plants with those genes to resist drought. We Visser in his 1982 classic South African Parasitic wanted to know if you could see this same kind of Flowering Plants (page 156) notes local adaptation to something biotic, like a Sesamothamnus, without giving the species, as a parasite.’ host for Alectra orobanchoides. Interestingly, he does not record the parasite in his distribution map Gail McCormick-Penn State. for Namibia. He does, however, list sesame as a February 12th, 2020 host though we have found no documentation of the parasite on this crop. CRISPR replicates the mutations
Alectra orobanchoides has the broadest host range The researchers modeled the prevalence of reported in the genus and its presence in the region witchweed across Africa and compared the should be noted in the unlikely spread to an presence of LGS1 mutations thought to confer agronomic host. some resistance in sorghum. They found that these mutations were more common in areas with high Lytton John Musselman, Old Dominion parasite prevalence, suggesting that sorghum University plants in those areas may locally adapt to deal Erica Maass, University of Namibia with the parasite. ‘The LGS1 mutations were Jay Bolin, Catawba College. widespread across Africa where parasites were most common, which suggests they are beneficial,’ says first author Emily Bellis, PRESS REPORTS postdoctoral researcher at Penn State at the time of the study and now an assistant professor of Some sorghum can ‘hide’ from witchweed bioinformatics at Arkansas State University. ‘But these mutations were not very common, and Sorghum crops in areas where the agricultural nearly absent outside of parasite-prone regions. parasite striga, also known as witchweed, is This indicates that there may also be a cost, or common are more likely to have genetic tradeoff, to having these mutations.’ adaptations to help them resist the parasite, researchers say. Witchweed, one of the greatest To better understand the effects of the LGS1 threats to food security in Africa, causes billions mutations, members of the research team at of dollars in crop losses annually and has a variety Corteva Agriscience used CRISPR-Cas9 gene- editing technology to replicate the mutations in HAUSTORIUM 78 9 the lab. The loss of LGS1 function did appear to confer resistance to witchweed in their Original study: DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908707117 experiments, as parasites had low or even zero Additional researchers are from Penn State; germination rates, suggesting the parasites were Corteva Agriscience; Sorbonne Université in not as successful at finding the crop to reproduce. France; the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in the But parasites collected from different geographic United Kingdom; the University of Texas; Kansas locations in Africa responded in different ways. State University; Uppsala University in Sweden; ‘Germination of parasites from a population in the University of Virginia; the International Crops West Africa was effectively shut down in both Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor conditions, but we Mali; and Kenyatta University in Kenya. still saw germination up to about 10% for a population in East Africa when nutrients were Penn State limited,’ Bellis says. ‘That is definitely an improvement, but there can be thousands of Unique centromere type discovered in the parasites in the soil, so even 10% germination can European dodder be problematic, especially in the smallholder farms where these crops are predominantly grown.’
Hiding from parasites:
Researchers know that LGS1 mutations affect strigolactone hormones that sorghum releases from its roots. Because the parasite uses these hormones to find sorghum, altering the hormones makes the plant mostly invisible to the parasite. But strigolactones are also important for communication with mycorrhizal fungi, which play an important role in the plant’s acquisition of nutrients. The new study shows that loss of LGS1 The holocentric european dodder (Cuscuta function in the modified plants also affects europaea) entwines a nettle. Photo: Jiri Macas systems related to photosynthesis and subtly affects growth. ‘It may be that plants with LGS1 Whenever the European dodder, Cuscuta mutations are better at hiding from the parasites, europaea, is under scientific scrutiny, it usually is but are less productive,’ Lasky says. ‘This due to its lack of chloroplasts and its concomitant potential tradeoff might explain the relatively low parasitic lifestyle. However, since the beginning prevalence of these mutations in sorghum across of this year its chromosomes became the new Africa.’ centre of attention, when researchers discovered a new type of centromere inherent to C. europaea. The researchers also identified several mutations Whilst the positioning of the centromeres on the in other genes related to parasite prevalence, chromosome is normally determined by the which might reflect local adaptation. The locations of CENH3 histones, the centromeres of researchers plan to investigate these genes—some C. europaea were positioned in some of which are involved in cell-wall strengthening, chromosomal regions also independently from the to see if they may also confer resistance to the plant's occurrence of CENH3. parasite. ‘We eventually would like to look at other agriculturally important host plants of striga C. europaea is mainly known as a parasitic plant - in Africa to ask similar questions,’ says Lasky. ‘If instead of doing photosynthesis, it grows on other we do indeed see local adaptation to the parasite plants and lives off their products. In some cases, and find genes that confer resistance with few it even lives as an epiparasite, living off related tradeoffs, we may be able to capitalize on that plant species. When looking into the plants' from a management perspective.’ cytogenetics, researchers from the Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Ceské The National Science Foundation, the Advanced Budejovice, in collaboration with researchers Research Projects Agency-Energy, and the US from the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Department of Energy funded the work. Crop Plant Research (IPK), recently discovered HAUSTORIUM 78 10 that C. europaea showcases a unique kind of Action is needed to preserve a rare species of centromere. mistletoe in Dunedin’s Town Belt, a botany student says. The centromere is a region on a chromosome, at which the kinetochore assembles. This, in turn, University of Otago student Zoe Lunniss, who is guides the attachment of the microtubules of the nearing completion of her master’s thesis, said spindle apparatus during the cellular processes change was needed to conserve the Tupeia mitosis and meiosis. In most eukaryotic species, antarctica species. the positioning of the centromere is determined by a centromere-specific histone H3 variant called CENH3, which also plays an essential role in the formation and function of kinetochores. Based on the distribution of centromeres on the chromosome, species are thought of as having either monocentric or holocentric centromere types. In monocentric species, CENH3 and thus centromere activity is confined to a single region per chromosome, whilst in holocentric species, both are found along the entire length of the chromosome.
In order to investigate traits associated with the transition from monocentric to holocentric chromosome organisation, researchers compare the phylogenetics of related species with differing centromere types. Species of the genus Cuscuta are already well documented. However, when investigating C. europaea as an additional representative holocentric species, the scientists came across unexpected discrepancies. Instead of creating the expected signals along the entire chromosome, in situ immunodetection patterns showed that CENH3 occurred in up to three Tupeia antarctica Photo: Chris Ecroyd distinct regions per chromosome. Later, super- resolution microscopy revealed that the It did not quite look like it should in the Dunedin centromeres still showed typical holocentric Town Belt, because of possums grazing and a lack activity, apparently independent of the unusual of light beneath the canopy, she said. Miss CENH3 distribution, proving that a new type of Lunniss has studied growths of the parasite on centromere had been found. host trees and placed collars on the trees to hinder
possum access. The mistletoe growths were still To date, only few species showing no correlation not fruiting, however. They were alive but not between CENH3 and kinetochore functionality, flourishing. Otago was once a stronghold for the mainly holocentric insects which are lacking species but the region was down to three CENH3 genes, have been found. But through the populations, she said. The others were at Tavora discovery of C. europaea's unique centromere Reserve, near Palmerston, and in the Catlins. type, this short list has now been extended by one already rather exceptional parasitic plant, which Miss Lunniss has a bachelor of science degree and will continue to inspire further research. has run experiments and examined T. antarctica
closely for almost two years. One curious Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant characteristic was that it grew on different hosts, Research depending on their location, she said. ‘It’s cool to
have it here in the Town Belt. It’s really rare.
‘Something needs to happen now, for the
conservation of the species.’
HAUSTORIUM 78 11
Grant Miller MEETING REPORT
(This species, endemic to New Zealand, will on Mistletoe in Tumour Therapy: Basic Research and occasion extend into beech forest where it has Clinical Practice. 7th. Mistelsymposium, 7–9 been found parasitic on red mistletoe (Peraxilla November 2019, Europäisches Bildungszentrum tetrapetala). Favoured indigenous hosts include Otzenhausen D-66620 Nonnweiler. Pseudopanax arboreus, Carpodetus serratus, Nestegis cunninghamii, Pittosporum eugenoides, Lucie Schröder, et al. - Special features of cellular P. tenuifolium, and Coprosma spp. At present the respiration in Viscum album. species has been recorded from 48 hosts (11 Uwe Pfüller and Udo Schumache - Lectins, exotic) spread through 32 genera and 20 families viscotoxins and low molecular weight active (from de Lange et al. 1997, though this figure components of mistletoe plants. needs revision as since that time many more hosts Gero Leneweit et al. - Colloidal formulation of have been reported. de Lange, P.J. 2020. Tupeia mistletoe extracts in a pharmaceutical flow antarctica Fact Sheet. New Zealand Plant process for targeted cancer therapy. Conservation Network. Tim Jäger et al.- Metabolic profiling as a tool for https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/tupeia- differentiating Viscum album ssp. album plants antarctica) growing on various host trees. Matthias Kröz et al. - Cancer-related Fatigue and Cancer-related Insomnia in breast cancer patients THESIS - clinic, diagnosis and evidenced-based therapies – an overview. Kaiser, Bettina, 2020. Dodder and Tomato - A Marcus Reif et al. - Association between fatigue and plant-plant dialogue . Universität Tübingen. laboratory parameters in a longitudinal Supervisor: Dr Marcus Albert. randomizedcontrolled mistletoe trial in breast http://hdl.handle.net/10900/97276 cancer patients. Gunver S. Kienle - Current developments of clinical Plants of the genus Cuscuta or dodder belonging research on mistletoe therapy in cancer care. to the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae) are Kathrin Wode et al. - Mistletoe therapy in primary obligate parasitic plants, so-called holoparasites, and recurrent inoperable pancreatic cancer. A meaning that they are fully host-dependent. Only phase III few plants can successfully resist a dodder attack. prospective, randomized, double blinded, The cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) multicenter, parallel group, placebo controlled however is among the resistant plants. It can clinical trial on overall survival and health-related successfully persist an attack of giant dodder quality of life (MISTRAL). (Cuscuta reflexa). In this work the perception André-Michael Beer - Do world history and history system of tomato and its corresponding elicitor of naturopathy influence the history of from giant dodder is investigated. Cultivated phytotherapy? tomato has many wild relatives and is with most Sonja Schötterl et a. - Mistletoe lectin I reduces of them intercrossable, which gives researchers an glioma cell motility by changing mainly the excellent opportunity for genetic investigations. It expression of shows a violent reaction when attacked by giant genes associated to TGF-β signaling. dodder. Thus the immune system of tomato is able Katrin Menke et al . - Preclinical investigation of to perceive a molecular pattern from giant dodder, interaction of mistletoe extract (Viscum album L.) whereas some wild tomatos cannot, which makes with radio- and chemotherapy in pediatric tumor them susceptible. This unknown molecular pattern cell lines. was characterized and an identification process Eva Jüngel et al. - Preclinical studies on the began, and in addition the corresponding receptor significance of mistletoe preparations in the was found. It was furthermore revealed how the therapy of urological tumors. findings of the interaction between dodder and Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd et al. - Does tomato can be used for plant protection. Mistletoe Interact with Tumor Immune-Escape Mechanisms? Catharina Delebinski et al.- Overview of viscumTT. André-Michael Bee et al. - On-site Integrative Oncology: The Bochum/Hattinger Model.
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Daniel Galun et al. - The impact of fever on overall Treated with a Fermented Viscum album L. survival after trans-catheter hepatic mistletoe Extract (Iscador) – an Update of Findings. therapy of patients with primary liver cancer. Theo Dingermann - Checkpoint inhibitors: A starter. Ulrike Weissenstein - Viscum album and FUTURE MEETINGS Immunotherapy. Harald Matthes - Reviews: Status of mistletoe therapy 16th World Congress on Parasitic plants - for breast and lung cancer. Nairobi, Kenya. July 2021 (to be confirmed). Christian Grah et al. - First prospective study of a combined immune therapy of checkpoint Symposium on Holoparasites. Namibia, inhibitors ± CTX plus Viscum album L. in non- September 2022. small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in UICC stage III B-IV B. We are writing to inform you of plans to hold a Burkhard Matthes et al. - Prolonged overall survival symposium on holoparasites in Namibia in in patients with metastasized non-small cell lung September 2022. The emphasis will be on carcinoma after combined treatment of African holoparasites but anyone working on chemotherapy and Viscum album L. versus holoparasitic angiosperms is welcome. This is a chemotherapy alone, a cancer registry analysis. very preliminary announcement based on our Friedemann Schad et al. - Psychosocial, cognitive, recent meeting in Windhoek earlier this month but and physical impact of Elaborate Consultation and we wanted to gauge interest before further Life Review in Female Patients with Non- planning. The symposium will be sponsored by Metastasized Breast Cancer. the University of Namibia, Old Dominion Anja Thronicke et al. - Financial burden of all-stage University, and Catawba College. A three-day lung and breast cancer patients as an early meeting is planned with additional opportunity for indicator for emotional and physical burden. field trips to see some of the most bizarre Harald Matthes - Psycho-oncology today: The same parasites in the world. approach for all patients? Or an organ-specific approach? We are seeking funds to help subvent the cost of Christian Grah - Psycho-oncological care in lung the meeting and it is anticipated that funds will cancer: are there site-specific features? also be available to support travel, especially Martin Flür et al. - A Single-Case Series on the students and African colleagues. Tolerability of Targeted Therapy and Concomitant Mistletoe Therapy in the Treatment of If you are interested and would like to receive Oncological Patients additional announcements, please respond to Karl Rüdiger Wiebelitz and André-Michael Beer - Lytton Musselman at [email protected] Intratumoral, intrapleural and intraperitoneal Comments and suggestions are encouraged. mistletoe therapy. Effects and adverse reactions. Juergen J. Kuehn - Viscum album induces Systemic Jay F Bolin, Catawba College Inflammatory Response Syndrome by intravenous Erika Maass, University of Namibia application - conditioning numeric cellular and Lytton J Musselman, Old Dominion University humoral immune stimulation and clinical efficacy. A prospective observational Virtual Agbiol Conference 1-3 September 2020, study in advanced cancer patients. Edirne, Turkey focusing on Agriculture, Biology Gil Bar-Sela - Intravenous application of mistletoe and Life Sciences topics. For more information: extract: review of the reported data and outline of http://agbiol.org/ a planned study with Iscador. Alessandra Longhi et al. - Long term results in osteosarcoma patients treated with Viscum album GENERAL WEB SITES Fermentatum P versus Etoposide as maintenance therapy after second relapse. For individual web-site papers and reports see Frank Meyer- Sources of Integrative Medicine. LITERATURE Marcus Reif et al. - Pain and use of analgesics in a * these websites may need copy and paste. randomized study of metastasized or locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma (MAPAC). For information on the International Parasitic Plant Thomas Ostermann et al. - A Systematic Review and Society, past issues of Haustorium, etc. see: Meta-Analysis on the Survival of Cancer Patients http://www.parasiticplants.org/ HAUSTORIUM 78 13
For Dan Nickrent’s ‘The Parasitic Plant Connection’ LITERATURE see: http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/ *For the Parasitic Plant Genome Project (PPGP) see: *indicates web-site reference only http://ppgp.huck.psu.edu/ Items in bold selected for special interest For Old Dominion University Haustorium site: see https://ww2.odu.edu/~lmusselm/haustorium/index. *Abbasvand, E., Hassannejad, S., Zehtab-Salmasi, shtml S. and Alizadeh-Salteh, S. 2020. Physiological For information on the new Frontiers Journal and biochemical responses of basil to some ‘Advances in Parasitic Weed Research’ see: allelopathic plant residues and dodder http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/3938/ad infestation. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum vances-in-parasitic-weed-research 42(1): 1. For a description of the PROMISE project (Promoting (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs Root Microbes for Integrated Striga Eradication), 11738-019-2990-y) [Studying the effects of see: http://promise.nioo.knaw.nl/en/about three allelopathic plant residues, namely *For PARASITE - Preparing African Rice Farmers Syrian bean-caper (Zygophyllum fabago), Against Parasitic Weeds in a Changing Calendula officinalis , and Datura stramonium Environment: see http://www.parasite-project.org/ on two cultivars of sweet basil (Ocimum For the Toothpick Project – see basilicum L.) plants infested by Cuscuta https://www.toothpickproject.org/ campestris. Concluding that Z. fabago residues For the Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of could be used for controlling dodder Orobanchaceae, see: infestation in basil plants, but quantities not http://www.farmalierganes.com/Flora/Angiosperm stated in abstract.] ae/Orobanchaceae/Host_Orobanchaceae_Checklis Abbes, Z., Trabelsi, I., Kharrat, M. and Amri, M. t.htm 2019. Intercropping with fenugreek For a description and other information about the (Trigonella foenum-graecum) enhanced seed Desmodium technique for Striga suppression, see: yield and reduced Orobanche foetida http://www.push-pull.net/ infestation in faba bean (Vicia faba). For information on the work of the African Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 35(4): Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) on 238-247. [Confirming reduced infestation by Striga control in Kenya, including periodical O. foetida and increased yield of faba bean as ‘Strides in Striga Management’ and ‘Partnerships’ a result of intercropping with fenugreek, newsletters, see: http://www.aatf-africa.org/ presumably as result of allopathic effects but For Access Agriculture (click on cereals for videos on these not confirmed in this study.] Striga) see: http://www.accessagriculture.org/ *Adewale, S.A., Badu-Apraku, B., Akinwale, *For information on future Mistel in R.O., Paterne, A.A., Gedil, M. and Garcia- derTumortherapie Symposia see: Oliveira, A.L. 2020. Genome-wide association http://www.mistelsymposium.de/deutsch/- study of Striga resistance in early maturing mistelsymposien.aspx (NB see above re 7th white tropical maize inbred lines. BMC Plant Symposium) Biology 20(203): For a compilation of literature on Viscum album (https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articl prepared by Institute Hiscia in Arlesheim, es/10.1186/s12870-020-02360-00) [Reporting Switzerland, see: the identification of loci on chromosomes 9 http://www.vfk.ch/informationen/literatursuche (in and 10 of maize that are closely linked to German but can be searched by inserting author ZmCCD1 and amt5 genes, respectively, name). apparently related to plant defence For an excellent publication by the Universidade mechanisms against parasitism by S. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul on Southern hermonthica.] Brazilian Mistletoes (Dettke, G.A. and Waechter, Adriano Funez, L., Ribeiro-Nardes, W., J.L. 2013) see: Kossmann, T., Peroni, N. and Drechsler- https://fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/fi Santos, E.R. 2019. Prosopanche demogorgoni: les/rapid-color-guides-pdfs/493.pdf a new species of Prosopanche For the work of Forest Products Commission (FPC) (Aristolochiaceae: Hydnoroideae) from on sandalwood, see: southern Brazil. Phytotaxa .422(1): 93-100. http://www.fpc.wa.gov.au/sandalwood [Describing P. demogorgoni which is similar to P. bonacinae but differs in having anthers
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composed of 3-4 thecae, synandrium 5-6 × 3-4 University of Craiova - Agriculture, mm and tepals 15-20 × 5-8 mm .] Montanology, Cadastre Series 49(1): 16-19. Adu, G.B., Badu-Apraku, B., Akromah, R., [Evaluating 24 populations, derived from Haruna, A., Amegbor, I.K. and Amadu, M.K. crosses of 4 wild Helianthus species with 2019. Grain yield and stability of early- cultivated sunflower. Resistant interspecific maturing single-cross hybrids of maize across populations were derived from crosses with contrasting environments. Journal of Crop the annual species Helianthus debilis and the Improvement 33(6): 776-796. [150 hybrids perennial species H. maximiliani. Tests of were derived from 30 inbred parent and these interspecific populations indicate the hybrids TZEI 3A × TZdEI 192, TZdEI 216 × possibility to obtain sources of resistance to TZEI 3A and TZEI 379 × TZdEI 272 were broomrape populations present in Romania.] identified as high yielding and most stable Aoki, K., Fujiwara, D. and Shimizu, K. 2019. across environments. With tolerance to both (Connecting vine: an interspecific plant Striga and low-N these hybrids should be connection established by a stem parasitic further tested on-farm for potential release in plant Cuscuta.) (in Japanese) Japanese Journal Ghana and other West African countries.] of Ecology 69(2): 99-107. [Title only. No *Alencar, J., de Sá Cordeiro, W.P.F., Staples, G. abstract available.] and Buril, M.T. 2019. (Convolvulaceae Juss. in Araújo, A.A.R., Lemos, R.N.S., Araújo, J.R.G., the Sete Cidades National park, Piauí State, Silva, P.R.R., França, S.M., Corsato, C.D.A., Brazil.) (in Portuguese) Hoehnea 46(4): No.4. Mondego, J.M. and Lopes, G.daS. 2019. (https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_ar Bioecology of Anastrepha alveata Stone ttext&pid=S2236- (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with wild 89062019000400202&tlng=pt) [Species plum fruits Ximenia americana L. recorded included Cuscuta partita.] (Olacaceae). Australian Journal of Crop Aly, R., Bari, V.K., Londner, A., Nassar, J.A., Science 13(6): 1025-1030. [A detailed study of Lati, R., Taha-Salaime, L. and Eizenberg, H. the fruit fly A. alveata, its mating behaviour, 2019. Development of specific molecular and its life cycle which is closely tied to the markers to distinguish and quantify broomrape fruiting season of its main host X. americana.] species in a soil sample. European Journal of Asare, E.K., Avicor, S.W., Dogbatse, J.A. and Plant Pathology 155(4): 1367-1371. [Specific Anyomi, E.W. 2019. Occurrence of mistletoes molecular markers were developed to help on shea trees in northern Ghana. African Crop locating and distinguishing between seed Science Journal 27(4): 679-686. [Recording and/or tissue of broomrape species Tapinanthus bangwensis and Agelanthus (Phelipanche aegyptiaca, Orobanche cumana dodoneifolius on shea butternut trees, A. and O. crenata) in the soil . ] dodoneifolius being the more dominant.] Ančić, M., Pernar, R., Bajić, M., Krtalić, A., *Aybeke, M. 2020. Aspergillus alliaceus infection Seletković, A., Gajski, D. and Kolić, J. 2020. fatally shifts Orobanche hormones and (Spectral signatures (endmembers) some of phenolic metabolism. Brazilian Journal of forest species in the Republic of Croatia.) (in Microbiology. Croatian) Å umarski List 144(3/4): 119-127. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00283-4) [Studying the spectral signatures of oak, beech, [Concluding that A. alliaceus infection reduces silver fir, Norway spruce, Viscum album ssp. the effect of defence hormones (jasmonic acid, abietis and Loranthus europaeus.] ABA and salicylic acid ) leading to slow death Andrada, A.R., de los Ángeles Páez, V. , Caro, of Orobanche (not specified in abstract).] M.S. and Kumar, P. 2019. Meiotic Baine, Q. and Looney, C. 2019. Plant associations irregularities associated to cytomixis in for three sawfly species (Hymenoptera, Buddleja iresinoides (Griseb.) Hosseus. Tenthredinidae) in the Pacific Northwest. (Buddlejaceae) and Castilleja arvensis Schltdl. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74: 27-33. & Cham. (Orobanchaceae). Caryologia 72(4): [Recording eggs of Rhogogaster lateraria on 41-50. [Describing, and discussing, the Castilleja sp., which has no previously occurrence of cytomixis in C. arvensis in the recorded sawfly associations.] Northwest Region of Argentina.] Baltazár, T., Varga, I. and Pejchal, M. 2019. Anton, F.G. and Rîşnoveanu, L. 2019. Using (Investigation of relationship between sunflower wild species to improve resistance dendrometric variables of infected host trees of cultivated species to the parasite broomrape by European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) with (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Annals of the dependence of infection intensity.) (in HAUSTORIUM 78 15
Hungarian) Erdészettudományi Közlemények stimulant 1) and finding their frequency 29(1/2): 69-85. [A study involving Viscum greater in sorghum populations subject to high album on Acer, Crataegus, Juglans, Robinia intensity of infestation by Striga hermonthica. and Tilia spp. Establishing that as the infection See also Press Reports above.] intensity increases, the relationship between Bilgili, E., Coskuner, K.A., Baysal, I., Ozturk, M., the height and DBH decreases proportionally. Usta, Y., Eroglu, M. and Norton, D. 2020. The However, the exact modelling of this distribution of pine mistletoe (Viscum album relationship is more complicated, because the ssp. austriacum) in Scots pine (Pinus negative effect of mistletoe may differ within sylvestris) forests: from stand to tree level. host species.] Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research *Banasiak, J., Borghi, L., Stec, N., Martinoia, E. 35(1/2): 20-28. [Surveying the occurrence of and Jasiński, M. 2020. The full-size ABCG V. album ssp. austriacum in Scots pine in the transporter of Medicago truncatula is involved Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, showing in strigolactone secretion, affecting arbuscular 46% of trees to be infected. The life span of mycorrhiza. Frontiers in Plant Science pine mistletoe was about 24 years and biomass 11(February) distribution gradually increased from lower to (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/f upper part of the crowns.] pls.2020.00018/full) [Showing that a mutant Bokov, D.O. and 13 others. 2020. Lathraea M. trunculata with excess ABCG expression squamaria L. (Orobanchaceae): a review of its increases arbuscular mycorriza and botany, phytochemistry, traditional uses and germination of Phelipanche ramosa.] pharmacology. Pharmacognosy Journal 12(3): Banerjee, A. 2020. Inter-plant communication via 667-673. [L. squamaria is apparently used in parasitic bridging. Journal of Experimental antitumoral, biligenic, infertility-treatment and Botany 71(3): 749-750. [Commenting on the diuretic drugs in Russia. A range of chemical paper by Li ShaLan et al. – see below.] components are identified, with possible roles Banerjee, A. and Stefanović, S. 2019. Caught in in their therapeutic effects.] action: fine-scale plastome evolution in the Borkowski, J., Machlańska, A., Dyki, B., parasitic plants of Cuscuta section Kowalczyk, W. and Felczyńska, A. 2018. (The Ceratophorae (Convolvulaceae). Plant influence of branched broomrape on growth Molecular Biology 100(6): 621-634. and yielding of tomato 'Growdena F1'.) (in [Complete plastome sequences reveals exactly Polish) Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu which genes have been lost and pseudogenized Ogrodnictwa 26: 119-126. [An inconclusive in members of this section. Three species, C. study as the control plants (in pots) were boldinghii, C. erosa, and C. strobilacea, have affected by blossom-end rot.] the smallest plastomes and are holoparasites.] Brown, M.R., Frachon, N., Wong, E.L.Y., Bayé-Niwah, C., Hamawa, Y., Loura, B.B., Fawa, Metherell, C. and Twyford, A.D. 2020. Life G. and Mapongmetsem, P.M. 2019. history evolution, species differences, and (Production of litter and supply of bioelements phenotypic plasticity in hemiparasitic from four local fruit species of the high eyebrights (Euphrasia). American Journal of Guinean savannas of Cameroon.) (in French) Botany 107(3): 456-465. [Describing the Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences (JAPS) phenotypic variation and plasticity exhibited 42(1): 7162-7174. [Ximenia americana was by Euphrasia species depending on host and the richest species in bio elements with environment, leading to the blurring of species 2378.12 mg/100 g of dry matter. X. americana differences and suggesting rapid evolution and Parkia biglobosa were the richest species within the genus.] in nutrient with 666 mg/100 g and 354 mg/100 Bunsick, M., and 11 others. 2020. SMAX1- g of dry matter respectively. These results dependent seed germination bypasses GA show that these species of fruit trees produce a signalling in Arabidopsis and Striga. Nature fertilizing foliar litter and their integration in Plants 6, 646–652. agro systems could contribute to soil (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-020- restoration.] 0653-z) [GA acts as the dominant hormone for Bellis, E.S. and 17 others. 2020. Genomics of stimulation of non-parasitic plants by sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant. inhibiting a set of DELLA repressors. In Proceedings of the National Academy of parasitic plants strigolactone receptors Science 117(8): 4243-4251. [Exploring the circumvent the GA requirement. The receptors variations in gene LGS1 (low germination co-opt and enhance signalling through the HAUSTORIUM 78 16
HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT/KARRIKIN [Noting a serious increase in infestation of INSENSITIVE 2 (AtHTL/KAI2) pathway, carrot by O. crenata in carrots in Morocco to which normally plays only a rudimentary role the extent of 80% of fields being infested with in Arabidopsis seed germination. tHTL/KAI2 densities up to 110/m2.] negatively controls the SUPPRESSOR OF Chen Jie, Ma YongQing, Guo ZhenGuo and Xue MAX2 1 (SMAX1) protein, and loss of QuanHong. 2019. (Effect of Penicillium SMAX1 function allows germination in the griseofulvum on control of Orobanche presence of DELLA repressors. The data aegyptiaca and microorganisms in rhizosphere suggest that ligand-dependent inactivation of soils of tomato.) (in Chinese) Zhongguo SMAX1 in Striga and Arabidopsis can bypass Shengtai Nongye Xuebao / Chinese Journal of GA-dependent germination in these species.] Eco-Agriculture 27(5): 766-773. [Results Bürger, M. and Chory, J. 2020. The many models suggest that a cell-free extract of P. of strigolactone signaling. Trends in Plant griseofulvum inhibited growth of O. Science 25(4): 395-405. [Reviewing recent aegyptiaca and full inoculum applied in pot developments in the strigolactone field and the experiments reduced parasite infestation by crystal structures that gave rise to various 76% and increased tomato fruit yield by 50%.] models of receptor activation. Also *Chen Jie, Xue QuanHong, Ma YongQing, Chen highlighting the increasing number of LianFang and Tan XinYu. 2020. Streptomyces discovered molecules with activity in varying pactum may control Phelipanche aegyptiaca contexts.] in tomato. Applied Soil Ecology 146: CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 2019. pp.103369. Managing Striga weed poster. Miscellaneous (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article Leaflet, CABI, 1p. [Illustrating S. /abs/pii/S0929139319302185?via%3Dihub) hermonthica, describing how it is spread, by [From 88 actinobacterial strains, assayed for wind, rain water, implements and their effects on germination of P. aegyptiaca contaminated crop seed; and how it may be seeds, Streptomyces pactum Act12 was controlled, by rotation, intercropping with selected for detailed laboratory, greenhouse legumes and using herbicide-resistant varieties and field studies. A cell-free culture filtrate Longe 7H-IR, NARO Maize 58-IR, NARO inhibited seed germination and germ tube Maize 59-IR and NARO Maize 60-IR in elongation of P. aegyptiaca by 94% and 97%, combination with herbicide. Also by respectively. In potted plants S. pactum preventing seeding.] reduced P. aegyptiaca emergence and dry Canelón, D.S., Niño, S.M., Dorr, L.J. and weight by 86% and 55%, respectively and Caraballo-Ortiz, M.A. 2020. Two new species increased tomato biomass. In the field it of Dendrophthora (Viscaceae) from the decreased P. aegyptiaca emergence by 32% Venezuelan Andes. PhytoKeys 140: 1-10. [D. and increased tomato fruit yield by 57%.] apiculata and D. coronata are described. *Chen JingFang, Yu RunXian, Dai JinHong, Liu Confined to subpáramo and páramo Ying and Zhou RenChao. 2020. The loss of ecosystems of the Venezuelan Andes, they are photosynthesis pathway and genomic locations at present, only known from Guaramacal of the lost plastid genes in a holoparasitic plant National Park. Ecological aspects and possible Aeginetia indica. BMC Plant Biology 20(199): taxonomic affinities are discussed.] (https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articl *Cao Bo and 11 others. 2020. Wetlands rise and es/10.1186/s12870-020-02415-2) [The study fall: six endangered wetland species showed suggests the loss of photosynthesis-related different patterns of habitat shift under future functions in A. indica in both the nuclear and climate change. Science of the Total plastid genomes. The lost plastid genes are Environment 731(20 August 2020): 138518. transferred into its nuclear and/or (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article mitochondrial genomes, and exist in very /pii/S0048969720320313?via%3Dihub) small fragments with no expression and are [Including predictions of the effects of climate thus non-functional. The A. indica plastome change on the distribution of Pedicularis also provides a resource for comparative longiflora in China.] studies on the repeated evolution of Chedadi, T., Idrissi, O., Haddioui, A. and holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae.] Elhansali, M. 2019. Evaluation of the spread of *Chen LanLan, Zhu ZaiBiao, Guo QiaoSheng, Orobanche crenata in carrot (Daucus carota Guo Jun, Huang ZhiGang, Shi YongTao and L.). Indian Journal of Ecology 46(4): 792-795. Wen ZhenCui. 2020. Effects of one HAUSTORIUM 78 17
haustorium-inducing quinone DMBQ on glaucum. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection growth and development of root hemiparasitic 14(1): 83-92. [Comparing the response of 15 plant Monochasma savatieri. Ciência Rural collections of S. hermonthica, from sorghum 50(3): and millet, to exudates from millet, and (https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_ar finding a clear indication of specificity.] ttext&pid=S0103- Danil, S, Pacureanu-Joița, M., Anton, F.G. and 84782020000300202&tlng=en) [Showing that Dan, M. 2019. Sunflower hybrids with DMBQ increased haustorium formation in M. resistance at sulfonilureea herbicide and at savaitieri in the absence of a host; also imidazolinone herbicide created at NARDI increased density of planting. Of interest for Fundulea. Annals of the University of Craiova the cultivation of this species as a traditional - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series medicine in China.] 49(1): 138-142. [Cataloguing the sunflower *Chesterfield R.J., Whitfield, J.H., Pouvreau, B., hybrids developed and released by NARDI Da Cao, Beveridge, C.A. and Vickers C.E. Fundulea in Romania, FD15CL44, FD16CL50 2020. Rational design of novel fluorescent and FD18CL58, resistant to imidazoline enzyme biosensors for direct detection of herbicide, and FD15E27 and FD18E41, strigolactones, BioRxiv resistant to sulfonilurea herbicides, listing their (https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.986562) oil content period to maturity, ideal planting [[Development of fluorescent biosensors for density, and range of O. cumana races to detection of strigolactones in high-throughput which they are resistant.] screening analyses] Danzeng, Zhang Li and Luo Jian. 2019. (Newly *Choi InSu, Schwarz, E.N., Ruhlman, T.A., recorded species of angiosperm from Tibet, Khiyami, M.A., Sabir, J.S.M., Hajarah, N.H., China.) (in Chinese) Acta Botanica Boreali- Sabir, M.J., Rabah, S.O. and Jansen, R.K. Occidentalia Sinica 39(8): 1509-1512. 2019. Fluctuations in Fabaceae mitochondrial [Pedicularis scolopax recorded.] genome size and content are both ancient and Das, T.K., Ghosh, S., Gupta, K., Sen, S., Behera, recent. BMC Plant Biology 19: 448. B. and Raj, R. 2020. The weed Orobanche: (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2064-8) species distribution, diversity, biology and [An exhaustive analysis of Fabaceae management. Journal of research in Weed mitogenomes providing further insight into Science 3(2): 162-180. [A general review with horizontal gene transfer between emphasis on India.] Caesalpinioideae hosts and the hemiparasitic *de Saint Germain, A., Jacobs, A. and 15 others. Lophophytum (Balanophoraceae)] 2020. A Phelipanche ramosa KAI2 protein *Clarke, C.R., So-Yon Park. Tuosto, R., Xiaoyan perceives enzymatically strigolactones and Jia, Yoder, A., Van Mullekom, J. and isothiocyanates. bioRxiv June 2020; preprint Westwood, J. 2020. Multiple immunity-related (10.1101/2020.06.09.136473) [Identifying five genes control susceptibility of Arabidopsis putative SL receptors in P. ramosa, of which thaliana to the parasitic weed Phelipanche PrKAI2d3 is involved in seed germination aegyptiaca. Peer Journal 8(5423): e9268. stimulation. PrKAI2d3 enzymatic activity (https://peerj.com/articles/9268/) [In a study of confers hypersensitivity to strigolactones. 46 mutant lines of A. thaliana, host plants with Additionally, demonstrating that mutations in genes involved in jasmonic acid methylbutenolide-OH binds PrKAI2d3 and biosynthesis/signaling or the negative stimulates P. ramosa germination with a regulation of plant immunity were less bioactivity comparable to that of ITCs. All susceptible to P. aegyptiaca parasitization. In suggesting that P. ramosa has extended its contrast, A. thaliana plants with a mutant allele signal perception system during evolution, a of the putative immunity hub gene Pfd6 were fact to be considered in the development of more susceptible to parasitization. While most specific and efficient bio-control methods.] tested A. thaliana lines were fully susceptible *Dejene, T., Agamy, M.S., Agúndez, D. and to P. aegyptiaca parasitization, this work Martin-Pinto, P. 2020. Ethnobotanical survey revealed several host genes essential for full of wild edible fruit tree species in lowland susceptibility or resistance to parasitism.] areas of Ethiopia. Forests 11(2): Dafaallah, A.B., Babiker, A.E.T. and Hamad (https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/2/177) Elneel, A.H. 2019. Variability and host [Including reference to the use of the roots of specificity of Striga hermonthica in response Ximenia americana as a food.] to in situ root exudates of Pennisetum HAUSTORIUM 78 18
Delavault, P. 2020. Are root parasitic plants like 2020. Broomrape infestation in carrot (Daucus any other plant pathogens? New Phytologist carota): changes in carotenoid gene expression 226(3): 641-643. and carotenoid accumulation in the parasitic (https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16504) [A weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca and its host. detailed commentary on the article by Su et al. Scientific Reports 10: 324. (see below), emphasising how that study (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57298-7) demonstrates clear parallels between parasitic [Decrease in carotenoid levels of the different plants and other plant pathogens and the ways carrot cultivars when parasitized by in which they can evolve to overcome Phelipanche aegyptiaca and accumulation of resistance.] different carotenoids in parasite tubers] Đokić, D., Stanisavljević, R., Terzić, D., *Ennami, M., Mbasani-Mansi, J., Briache, F.Z., Milenković, J., Jevtić, G., Štrbanović, R. and Oussible, N., Gaboun, F., Ghaouti, L., Koprivica, R. 2019. The influence of different Belqadi, L., Ghanem, M.E., Aberkani, K., purity of natural alfalfa seeds on the processing Westwood, J. and Mentag, R. 2020. Growth- efficiency. AGROFOR International Journal defense tradeoffs and source-sink relationship 4(2): 5-11. [Unspecified Cuscuta sp. seeds during both faba bean and lentil interactions were found in 8 of 10 samples of alfalfa seed with Orobanche crenata Forsk. Crop in Serbia. Treatment by mixing with Nutra Protection 127: pp.104924. Fine RS steel powder and passing through a (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article magnetic separator serves to eliminate Cuscuta /pii/S0261219419302704) [During the first seed from the alfalfa.] stage of infection, reductions in host biomass Domina, G., Scafidi, F. and Gargano, M.L. 2018. were observed on susceptible and resistant Typification of the name Orobanche ebuli faba bean cultivars (54 and 27%, respectively Huter & Rigo (Orobanchaceae) and its for Lobab and Misr 3) and on susceptible lentil taxonomic implications. Phytotaxa 344(2): cultivar (Zaaria). Considering biomass 198-200. [Orobanche ebuli is an Italian partitioning over the various host parts, O. endemic, exclusive to Lazio and Abruzzo. It crenata parasitism on susceptible faba bean grows on the edge of beech woods at 1200- and lentil cultivars greatly increased host root 1300 m, host Sambucus ebulus. ‘This name, as dry mater, but delayed and reduced host far as we are aware, is not yet typified.’] reproduction. Source-sink relationships Dor, E., Plakhine, D., Joel D.M. and Larose, H. explained the dry weight diversion from host 2020. A new race of sunflower broomrape to parasite during the last phases of the (Orobanche cumana) with a wider host interaction.] range due to changes in seed response to Esquivel, J., Park ByungBae, Casanoves, F., strigolactones. Weed Science 68(2): 132-142. Delgado, D., Park GoEun and Finegan, B. [Identifying a new race of O. cumana with 2020. Altitude and species identity drive leaf ability to attack tomato and tobacco as well litter decomposition rates of ten species on a as sunflower, being able to respond to 2950 m altitudinal gradient in Neotropical rain strigolactones and dehydrocostus lactone forests. Biotropica 52(1): 11-21. [Identifying while most O. cumana only responds to the Minquartia guianensis among the slower latter and O. cernua only to strigolactones. decomposing species in the forest of Costa It is ‘currently spreading and posing a Rica.] threat to processing tomato in Israel’.] Expósito, A.B., Siverio, A., Bermejo, L.A. and El-Fatah, B.E.S.A. and Nassef, D.M.T. 2020. Sobrino-Vesperinas, E. 2018. Checklist of Inheritance of faba bean resistance to alien plant species in a Natural Protected Area: broomrape, genetic diversity and QTL Anaga Rural Park (Tenerife, Canary Islands); mapping analysis. Molecular Biology Reports effect of human infrastructures on their 47(1): 11-32. [Six faba bean parents and their abundance. Plant Ecology and Evolution F1 and F2 generations were used to study the 151(12): 142-152. [Cuscuta campestris among genetic system controlling resistance of faba 216 alien species posing threats to the endemic bean (Vicia faba L.) to Orobanche crenata. flora.] The population P5 × P6 (Assiut 125 × Romy Fadini, S.R.M.C., Barbosa, R.I., Rode, R., Corrêa, 12) gave the highest value of relative yield and V. and Fadini, R.F. 2020. Above-ground tolerance index.] biomass estimation for a shrubby mistletoe in *Emran, S., Nawade, B., Yahyaa, M., Abu Nassar, an Amazonian savanna. Journal of Tropical J., Tholl, D., Eizenberg, H. and Ibdah, M. Ecology 36(1): 6-12. [The biomass of HAUSTORIUM 78 19
Psittacanthus plagiophyllus constituted less Gholizadeh, R. and Hemmati, R. 2019. than 0.15% (0.5-22 kg ha-1) of the total above- Occurrence and pathogenicity of some fungal ground biomass, suggesting that this life-form species on broomrape. Iranian Journal of Plant is irrelevant to the local biomass stock despite Pathology 55(1): Fa83-Fa86. [46 fungal its unequivocal biological importance.] isolates from unhealthy Phelipanche ramosa *Ferrenberg, S. 2020. Dwarf mistletoe infection were studied. These included Aspergillus interacts with tree growth rate to produce ochraceus and F. fujikuroi recorded for the opposing direct and indirect effects on resin first time on broomrape. Also Macrophomina duct defenses in lodgepole pine. Forests 11(2): phaseolina, F. acuminatum and F. equiseti for (https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/2/222) the first time in Iran. F. acuminatum, F. [A study aiming to disentangle the influences fujikuroi and F .proliferatum caused the most of tree age, growth rate, and Arceuthobium disease severity on tubercles.] americanum infection on resin duct defences Gulwaiz Akhter and Khan, T.A. 2020. Survey of in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta, concluding parasitic weeds (Orobanche spp.) associated that there was an increase in resin duct with brinjal (Solanum melongena) in Banda formation only partially offset by the negative District of Uttar Pradesh India. Pakistan effect of the mistletoe on overall growth. And Journal of Weed Science Research 26(1): 93- discussing the potential influence of this on 101. [The brinjal crop in Banda district is most susceptibility to natural enemies.] commonly infested with Phelipanche Flores-Sánchez, I.J. and Garza-Ortiz, A. 2019. Is aegyptiaca, followed by Orobanche cernua there a secondary/specialized metabolism in and lastly P. ramosa. Noting the risk of spread the genus Cuscuta and which is the role of the and the lack of effective management host plant? Phytochemistry Reviews 18(5): programmes.] 1299-1335. [‘This review attempts to discuss Guo AnMin, Li YuHuic, Wang JunGang and Liu the host plants' influence on the ChengJiang. 2019. (Study on fermentation phytochemistry and pharmacology of parasitic technology of fresh Cistanche tubulosa wine.) plants like Cuscuta, from the evidence that has (in Chinese) Food Research and Development been published until recent years in specialized 40(20): 59-64. [Precise recipe for production literature’. Not altogether clear how successful of ‘typical high-quality Cistanche tubulosa that attempt has been.] low-grade wine.’!] Francisco-Gutiérrez, A., Castillo-Campos, G. and Guzmán-Guzmán, S. 2019. A new species of García-Franco, J.G. 2018. A new rare species Ombrophytum (Balanophoraceae), a genus not of Agalinis (Orobanchaceae) from the coast of previously recorded for Colombia. Phytotaxa Veracruz, México. Phytotaxa 349(3): 265-272. 424(1): 61-66. [A detailed description of O. [A new species of Agalinis is described, villamariensis from the Central Cordillera, in illustrated (but not named?) and compared Andina region of Colombia.] with A. flexicaulis, A. harperi, A. maritima var. Haan, N.L., Bakker, J.D., Dunwiddie, P.W. and grandiflora, and A. peduncularis. The new Linders, M.J. 2018. Instar-specific effects of taxon was found in a single locality on the host plants on survival of endangered butterfly northern coast of Veracruz, Mexico, near to a larvae. Ecological Entomology 43(6): 742- mangrove-swamp.] 753. [Survival of Euphydryas editha ssp. Fujii, S. 2019. (An examination of confidence in taylori (Taylor's checkerspot) was lower on open data of specimens: Cuscuta australis Castilleja levisecta and C. hispida than on (Convolvulaceae).) (in Japanese) Japanese Plantago lanceolata.] Journal of Ecology 69(2) 127-131. [Title only. *Hamad, M.A., Babiker, A.G.T. and Mohamed No English summary.] Osman A.A. 2019. Striga resistance/tolerance Gholamreza Mohammad. 2019. Can soil in sorghum: an outcome of interactive intrinsic microorganisms reduce broomrape and extrinsic factors. Journal of Agricultural (Orobanche spp.) infestation in cropping and Veterinary Sciences 20(1): systems? In: Kumar V., Prasad R., Kumar M. (http://repository.sustech.edu/handle/1234567 and Choudhary D. (eds) Microbiome in Plant 89/23348) [A project to transfer Striga Health and Disease. Springer, Singapore. pp. resistance genes from the donor parents, 385-402. IS9830, 555, SAR33, Framida, N13, (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F ICSV006, ICSV007, PQ-34, Brhan and 978-981-13-8495-0_17) [A review.] SRN39, and its derivatives P401, P402 and P405, to the improved elite Sudanese sorghum HAUSTORIUM 78 20
cultivars, Wad Ahmed, Tabat, Butana and Ota, T., Asami, T. and Al-Babili, S. 2020. A Arfagadamek-8 as recurrent parents. new series of carlactonoic acid based Resistance to S. hermonthica in the crosses strigolactone analogs for fundamental and varied from 12% to 89%.] applied research. 2020. Frontiers in Plant *Hamad, M.A., Babiker, A.G.T. and Mohamed Science: 15 April 2020. Osman A.A. 2019. Yield adaptability and (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00434) stability of grain sorghum crosses across [Describing the development and environments under S. hermonthica infestation characterisation of a new series of easy-to- in Sudan. Journal of Agricultural and synthesise methyl phenolactones which Veterinary Sciences 20(2): resemble the non-canonical strigolactone (http://repository.sustech.edu/handle/12345678 carlactonoic acid. Some show higher 9/24358) [Studying the genetic x environment activity than GR-24 in triggering interaction in a range of crosses. Based on germination of parasitic weeds and offer Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative potential for control of Striga hermonthica.] Interaction (AMMI) analysis the crosses Jiang Di, Ma Rui, Li JiaLiang, Mao QiYun, Miao Framida x AG-8, PQ-34 x BU, ICSV006 x Ning and Mao KangShan. 2019. BU, ICSV007 x BU, SAR33 x BU, SAR33 x Characterization of the complete chloroplast TA, P402 x TA, PQ-34 x WA, P405 x WA, genome of Scurrula parasitica. Mitochondrial P401 x WA, Framida x WA, SAR33 x WA DNA Part B 4(1): 247-248. [The genome and Brhan x WA were identified as the most contains 106 genes, including 66 protein- stable, endowed with S. hermonthica coding genes, 28 tRNA genes, 8 ribosomal resistance and/or tolerance and high grain yield RNA genes and 4 pseudogenes. Phylogenetic (1139-1548 kg ha-1).] analysis revealed that S. parasitica is closely Hayat, S.A., Farrukh Hussain, Zhu HaiFeng and related to Taxillus (3 spp.), with strong support Fayaz Asad. 2019. Floristic composition and values.] ecological characteristics of plants of Tehsil *Jost, M., Naumann, J., Rocamundi, N., Cocucci, Razar, Swabi District, Pakistan. Silva A.A. and Wanke, S. 2020. The first plastid Balcanica 20(2): 95-108. [Recording Cuscuta genome of the holoparasitic genus reflexa.] Prosopanche (Hydnoraceae). Plants 9(3): *Imarhiagbe, O. and Aigbokhan, E. I. 2019. (https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/3/306) Studies on Thonningia sanguinea Vahl. [First report of plastid genome of the (Balanophoraceae) in Southern Nigeria. Range holoparasitic Prosopanche, showing clear and host preference. International Journal of signs of functionality. Evolutionary Conservation Science 10(4): 721-732. [A hypotheses are further discussed in the paper.] paper based on the senior author’s PhD thesis *Julio, E., Malpica, A., Cotucheau, J., Bachet, S., – see Haustorium 73 – recording the hosts of Volpatti, R., Decorps, C. and de Borne, F.D. T. sanguinea which include the native Guarea 2020. RNA-Seq analysis of Orobanche cedrata, Lophira alata, Musanga cecropiodes, resistance in Nicotiana tabacum: development Myrianthus arboreu and Ricinodendron of molecular markers for breeding recessive heudelotii, and the introduced rubber and tolerance from 'Wika' tobacco variety. cacao. L. alata was the most susceptible host, Euphytica 216(1): pp.6. while M. cecropiodes had the highest (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs percentage occurrence with 32%. This species 10681-019-2544-9) [The tobacco variety is currently ‘Not Evaluated’ by IUCN, but 'Wika' induces lower or delayed germination conservation is recommended.] of Phelipanche ramosa seeds, thanks to a *Inayat-ur-Rahman and 12 others. 2020. Response single recessive gene. An F2 population of plant physiological attributes to altitudinal segregating for 'Wika' recessive tolerance was gradient: plant adaptation to temperature then used for marker validation and mapping. variation in the Himalayan region. Science of All candidates were situated on chromosome the Total Environment 706: pp.135714. 14. Other potential tolerant lines were then (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article identified and markers for conventional gel /pii/S0048969719357092?via%3Dihub) electrophoresis are now available facilitating [Including study of response of Pedicularis the transfer of 'Wika' recessive tolerance into punctata to altitude and hence cold stress.] elite lines.] *Jamil, M., Kountche, B.A., Jian You Wang, *Kaga, Y., Yokoyama, R., Sano, R., Ohtani, M., Haidar, I., Kun-Peng Jia, Takahashi, I., Demura, T., Kuroha, T., Shinohara, N. and HAUSTORIUM 78 21
Nishitani, K. 2020. Interspecific signaling State University. Advisor: Timothy John between the parasitic plant and the host plants Dalton. (http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39591) regulate xylem vessel cell differentiation in [Showing that the impact of Striga control haustoria of Cuscuta campestris. Frontiers in technology (regrettably not specified in the Plant Science 11(March): abstract!) on farmer’s welfare in ten different (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/f scenarios. In all the ten scenarios, producers pls.2020.00193/full) [Findings suggest the will have a negative surplus even though the involvement of host-derived signals in the Striga control technology is assumed to regulation of non-autonomous xylem vessel increase sorghum production by 65%. differentiation in C. campestris and suggest However, the consumer surplus is positive. that its connection to the Arabidopsis host Since sorghum producers are also consumers, xylem during haustorium development the net benefit of adopting the new technology activates a set of key genes for differentiation is positive. Confusing?] into xylem vessel cells.] Kirilova, I., Hristeva, T. and Denev, I. 2019. Kalinova, S., Marinov-Serafimov, P., Golubinova, Identification of seeds of Phelipanche ramosa, I. and Encheva, V. 2020. Allelopathic effect of Phelipanche mutelii and Orobanche cumana sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana in the soils from different agricultural regions Wallr.) on the development of sunflower in Bulgaria by molecular markers. (Helianthus annuus L.). Bulgarian Journal of Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment Agricultural Science 26(1): 132-140. 33(1): 520-528. [56 soil samples were assayed [Describing the apparent allelopathic effect of using PCR-based assay for detection of a range of O. cumana samples on germination broomrape seeds with methods to distinguish of sunflower.] species based on nuclear ITS sequences. 22 *Kamara, A.Y., Menkir, A., Chikoye, D., contained O. cumana and 6 contained P. Solomon, R., Tofa, A.I. and Omoigui, L.O. ramosa. The analyses surprisingly revealed 2020. Seed dressing maize with imazapyr to that the isolated sequences from supposedly P. control Striga hermonthica in farmers' fields in mutelii seeds diverge from those annotated by the savannas of Nigeria. Agriculture 10(3): other authors on 16 different nucleotide (https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/3/83) positions and were almost identical with P. [Reporting the results of trials from 2014/2015 rosmarina. It is hypothesized that P. in which seed dressings on herbicide-resistant mutelii/P. rosmarina populations are in a hybrid and open-pollinated maize with period of active expansion] imazapyr + pyrithiobac substantially reduced *Kosonen, Juho Aleksi. 2019. Structure activity emergence of S. hermonthica but failed to give investigations of XTH inhibitors. MSc, consistent increases in yield.] Universitetet i Tromsø. Advisor: Tore Lejon. Kaplan, Z. and 11 others. 2019. Distributions of http://hdl.handle.net/10037/16067) [XTHs vascular plants in the Czech Republic. Part 8. regulate xyloglucan cross-linking in cell walls Preslia 91(4): 257-368. [Noting that and play an essential role in regulation of plant Orobanche artemisiae-campestris, O. growth. It is thought that XTHs play an coerulescens, Phelipanche arenaria and P. integral role in the way the parasitic vine plant caesia have declined in distribution in the Cuscuta is able to penetrate host plant cell Czech Republic, and O. teucrii has been walls. Another study to synthesise analogues reduced to a single site, while O. minor is of the triphenylmethyl food colorant Brilliant present as an alien species.] Blue R250 with increased activity – see Karlík, P. and Poschlod, P. 2019. Identifying plant Petersen, 2019 below.] and environmental indicators of ancient and Kuijt, J. and Delprete, P.G. 2019. A new species recent calcareous grasslands. Ecological of Ombrophytum (Balanophoraceae) from Indicators 104: 405-421. [Comparing recent Chile, with notes on subterranean organs and and ancient grasslands in Central Europe and vegetative reproduction in the family. identifying the few species which can Phytotaxa 420(4): 264-272. [Describing O. distinguish them, Noting that Melampyrum chilensis from the Chilean desert, closely arvense is mostly a relic of cultivation in related to O. subterraneum. Including critical recent grassland.] comments on the underground organs and *Kassie, Mengistu. 2019. An ex-ante impact reproduction in Neotropical Balanophoraceae.] assessment of Striga control technology for Kumar, T.G.A. and Mathew, L. 2020. A short sorghum production in Ethiopia. MSc, Kansas survey for new hosts of Helicanthes elastica HAUSTORIUM 78 22
(Desr.) Danser and its morphological diversity pedunculate, and sessile oaks, as well as on selected hosts. Indian Forester 146(2): 143- coniferous admixture species, were found to 147. [Noting that H. elastica (Loranthaceae) be free from the parasite.] occurs on a wide range of hosts including Lee, D.C., Powell, V.J. and Lindsell, J.A. 2019. some gymnosperms (un-specified in abstract). Understanding landscape and plot-scale Its host selection is influenced by bark habitat utilisation by Malayan sun bear characteristics and peripheral tissue system of (Helarctos malayanus) in degraded lowland hosts. The host may also influence the forest. Acta Oecologica 96: 1-9. [Noting the spreading of epicortical runners, branching of importance of Olacaceae (unspecified in haustoria and their penetration into the host.] abstract) as a food source for the endangered Lamilla, L.A., Robayo, C.A., Castaño, F., H. malayensis.] Marquínez, X. and Raz, L. 2020. Floral Letemariam Desta, Ibrahim Fitiw, Alemu Araya anatomy of Tristerix longebracteatus and Dawit Fisseha. 2020. Chlorsulfuron and (Loranthaceae). Revista de Biología Tropical nitrogen rates effect on striga and sorghum 68(1): 87-97. [‘The gynoecium with a single varieties yield at Humera, North West ovarian cavity and central mamelon is a Ethiopia. International Journal of Agriculture condition shared by Tristerix (subtribe and Biosciences 9(2): 74-82. [Providing Ligarinae) and all the genera of the subtribe results of an elaborate split plot experiment Psittacanthinae, except Tripodanthus. The involving 4 levels of N, 4 levels of herbicide base of the style forms a nectary similar to that and 3 sorghum varieties. Yields were highest found in the sister genus Ligaria. This type of with var. Deber, treated with chlorsulfuron at stylar nectary is of taxonomic value for rates of 10-20 g/ha and with added N at 23 grouping species of the subtribe Ligarinae and kg/ha. Striga hermonthica numbers were least differs from the annular nectary of subtribe on the relatively resistant variety Brihan, but Psittacanthinae.’] yields were lower with this local variety as *Lati, R.N., Filin, S., Elnashef, B. and Eizenberg, also with var. wediaker. An integrated H. 2019. 3-D image-driven morphological crop approach was best for control of Striga and for analysis: a novel method for detection of optimum yield, using N fertilizer, herbicide, sunflower broomrape initial subsoil parasitism. and variety.] Sensors 19(7): pp.1569. *Li JuanJuan, Liu Hui, Yang Chong, Wang Jian, (https://www.mdpi.com/.../pdf) [Using effects Yan GuiJun, Si Ping, Bai QuanJiang, Lu on height of the host and length of first ZhanYuan, Zhou WeiJun and Xu Ling. 2020. internode to indicate early infection of Genome-wide identification of MYB genes and sunflower by Orobanche cumana and hence expression analysis under different biotic and time to apply herbicide.] abiotic stresses in Helianthus annuus L. Le Ngoc Han, Tran The Bach, Bui Hong Quang, Industrial Crops and Products 143: pp.111924. Do Van Hai, Bui Thu Ha, Averyanov, L.V. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article and Nuraliev, M.S. 2019. Taxonomic notes on /pii/S0926669019309343) [Identification and Tolypanthus and Taxillus (Loranthaceae) in characterization of myeloblastosis genes in Vietnam, including lectotypifications and new sunflower indicate their involvement with national records. Phytotaxa 424(3): 167-176. abiotic and biotic stresses, possibly including [New records for the mistletoe flora of responses to infestation by Orobanche Vietnam, with detailed descriptions and cumana.] illustrations.] Li ManRu and Zhang Ling. 2019. (Reproductive *Lech, P., Żółciak, A. and Hildebrand, R. 2020. phenological characteristics and impact factors Occurrence of European mistletoe (Viscum of Macrosolen cochinchinensis in album L.) on forest trees in Poland and its Xishuangbanna.) (in Chinese) Guangxi Zhiwu dynamics of spread in the period 2008-2018. / Guihaia 39(9): 1252-1260. [Finding that the Forests 11(1): pp.83. flowering period of M. cochinchinensis and its (https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/1/83) host Schima superba were closely correlated [Noting that V. album has become an and overlapped in time. In light of other important agent of damage to forest trees in findings it is concluded that ‘the reproductive Central Europe. Reporting on 10 years of phenological characteristics of mistletoe surveys, finding infestation worst on silver fir species may be influenced by many factors, and Scots pine, much less often on birches and and it is essential to consider comprehensively deciduous admixture species. Common beech, combination of multiple factors such as many HAUSTORIUM 78 23
biotic and abiotic factors to understand the P. mayanus provide an opportunity to reproductive phenological characteristics of investigate further the evolution of Mexican those hemiparasite mistletoes in the lowland forest biodiversity.] ecosystem.’] Liu Nian and 10 others. 2020. Extensive inter- Li ShaLan, Zhang JingXiong, Liu Hui, Liu Nian, plant protein transfer between Cuscuta Shen GuoJing, Zhuang HuiFu and Wu parasites and their host plants. Molecular Plant JianQiang. 2020. Dodder-transmitted mobile 13(4): 573-585. [More than 1500 proteins are signals prime host plants for enhanced salt shown to be transferred between Cuscuta and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany hosts Arabidopsis and soybean. Such an 71(3): 1171-1184. [Transcriptomic analysis intensive protein traffic may play an important indicated that 24 h after salt treatment of one role in host-parasite interactions.] cucumber, the transcriptome of another Liu XiaoQing and 11 others. 2020. Diverse Cuscuta-connected cucumber largely trajectories of plastome degradation in resembled that of the salt-treated one, which holoparasitic Cistanche and genomic location showed reduced leaf withering and cell death of the lost plastid genes. Journal of in response to subsequent salt stress. Salt Experimental Botany 71(3): 877-892. treatment of one of the cucumbers also induced [Assembling the complete plastomes of three physiological changes, including altered C. salsa, C. mongolica, and C. sinensis. proline contents, stomatal conductance, and Compared to Orobanche, they some plastid- photosynthetic rates, in both of the dodder- derived genes with diverse genomic locations.] connected cucumbers.] Lobachev, Y.V., Kudryashov, S.P., Kurasova, Li WenJun, Guan KaiYun, Abduraimov, O. and L.G. and Bandurina, Y.Y. 2020. (The source Feng Ying. 202. Pedicularis multicolor material for the selection of decorative (Orobanchaceae), a new replacement name for sunflower.) (in Russian) Agrarnyy nauchnyy the Pedicularis inconspicua. Phytotaxa 437(2): zhurnal 2020(4): 28-30. [Seven lines of 118-118. [Concluding that P. inconspicua is an decorative sunflowers derived from YuV-28B invalid name for the plant described from with different coloured leaves were assessed Uzbekistan and correcting it to P. multicolour.] and all found to be resistant to local races of Li YuanJie and Zhang Ling. 2019. (Preliminary Orobanche cumana in SE Russia.] studies on effects of host functional traits on Madany, M.M.Y., Obaid, W.A., Wael Hozien, host specificity of mistletoe species.) (in AbdElgawad, H., Hamed, B.A. Saleh, A.M. Chinese) Journal of Tropical and Subtropical 2020. Salicylic acid confers resistance against Botany 27(2): 187-195. [Surveying the broomrape in tomato through modulation of C occurrence of mistletoes Dendrophthoe and N metabolism. Plant Physiology and pentandra, Scurrula chingii var. yunnanensis, Biochemistry 147: 322-335. [Concluding that S. chingii, Helixanthera parasitica, salicylic acid-induced resistance against Macrosolen cochinchinensis, Viscum unspecified Orobanche/Phelipanche sp. relies monoicum and V. ovalifolium in monocultures on the rational utilization of C and N of citrus, mango and Pouteria australis and in assimilates in a manner that disturbs the sink mixed forest in a Yunnan botanical garden. D. strength of the parasite and/or activates the pentandra had the highest number of different defence pool of the host.] hosts (258) while the Viscum spp. had only 4 Malagon, M.delP, Mendoza-Cifuentes, H., or 5.] Gómez-Parra, S. and Uribe-Convers, S. 2019. Licona-Vera, Y., Ortiz-Rodriguez, A.E. Vásquez- Neobartsia matuy (Orobanchaceae), a new Aguilar, A.A. and Ornelas, J.F. 2018. Lay species from the Colombian Andes. Phytotaxa mistletoes on the Yucatán Peninsula: post- 424(2): 87-96. [Describing N. matuy, from the glacial expansion and genetic differentiation of an elevation of c. 3500 m., belonging to Psittacanthus mayanus (Loranthaceae). section Orthocarpiflorae and morphologically Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society characterized by floral bracts light green with 186(3): 334-360. [Results from ecological glandular hairs, corolla yellowish green, the niche modelling (ENM) and approximate galea cucullate, longer than the lip, retrorsely Bayesian computation (ABC) highlight the glandular-puberulous, the lip three-lobed, influence of Pleistocene events in shaping the glabrous and the corolla tube decurved.] geographical distribution of genetic variation *Malaník, M., Daňková, I., Pokorná, M., in Neotropical lowland forest. The Gazdová, M. and Šmejkal, K. 2019. Iridoid phylogeographic and environmental patterns in aglycones from the underground parts of HAUSTORIUM 78 24
Lathraea squamaria. Biochemical Systematics (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00166) and Ecology 86: pp.103928. [Describing a sequential selection scheme (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article which offers an opportunity to accumulate /pii/S0305197819302601) [ Two epimeric desirable stress-related traits in parents pairs of iridoid aglycones isolated and their contributing to superior agronomic structures confirmed from L. squamaria. The performance in hybrids across Striga chemophenetic significance and possible hermonthica- and drought-affected reasons for the occurrence of such iridoid environments.] aglycones in holoparasitic plants are Mounde, L.G., Anteyi, W.O. and Rasche, F. 2020. discussed.]. [ Tripartite interaction between Striga spp., Martignoni, M., Banfi, E. and Galasso, G. 2019. cereals, and plant root-associated Vascular flora of Milan Malpensa airport microorganisms: a review. CAB Reviews (Lombardy, Italy). Part I: Checklist. Natural 15(005): 1-17. [Reviewing in detail the History Sciences 6(2): 3-10. [Including a influence of Striga sp. on the growth of cereal record for Euphrasia cisalpina, an endemic to crops and the possible contribution of plant the Alps.] growth regulating rhizobacteria in growth Martinčová, M., Kaštier, P., Krasylenko, Y.A., promotion of the host to strengthen its Gajdoš, P., Čertík, M., Matušíková, I. and tolerance; and discussing necessary research Blehová, A. 2019. Species-specific differences towards the greater exploitation of these in architecture and chemical composition of interactions.] dodder seeds. Flora (Jena) 256: 61-68. Mrema, E., Shimelis, H., Laing, M.and [Recording differences in the structure and Mwadzingeni, L. 2020. Integrated chemical composition of the seeds of Cuscuta management of Striga hermonthica and S. europaea and C. monogyna in Europe which asiatica in sorghum: a review. Australian may influence their germination behaviour.] Journal of Crop Science 14(1): 36-45. Matveeva, T.V. and Otten, L. 2019. Widespread [Reviewing the problems from S. hermonthica occurrence of natural genetic transformation of and S. asiatica in East Africa and discussing plants by Agrobacterium. Plant Molecular the available management options. Breeding Biology 101(4/5): 415-437. [Describing the sorghum for Striga resistance, and role of Agrobacterium in the horizontal genetic compatibility to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. transfer of bacterial DNA into 10% of over strigae are highlighted as key components of 200 dicot species including Cuscuta.] an integrated management strategy.]. Meng Sengm, Ma HaiBin, Wang ShengKun, Li *Mudereri, B.W., Abdel-Rahman, E. M., Dube, ZhenShuang, Zhao Zhong and Lu JunKun. T., Landmann, T., Khan, Z., Kimathi, E., 2019. Cloning and the haustorium-inducing Owino, R, and Niassy, Saliou. 2020. Multi- factor response analysis of SaRbohA gene in source spatial data-based invasion risk Santalum album Linn. (in Chinese) Acta modeling of Striga (Striga asiatica) in Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 39(12): Zimbabwe, GIScience and Remote Sensing, 2132-2137. [‘Tissue-specific expression DOI: 10.1080/15481603.2020.1744250 [Using analysis showed that the SaRbohA gene had vegetation phenology from remote sensing , low expression in stems, high expression in bioclimatic and other variables to model the young leaves and apical buds, especially in likelihood of S. asiatica infestations, and roots of S. album. 2, 6-dimeth oxy-ρ- finding seasonal warmth and precipitation to benzoquinoe (an important haustorium- most useful.] inducing factor) can strongly induce the Mudereri, B.W., Abdel-Rahman, E. M., Dube, T., expression of SaRbohA. SaRbohA may play Landmann, T. and Kimathi, E. 2019. important roles in the development of ROS- Leveraging on the strength of remote sensing mediated haustorium development and be for climate-smart "Push-Pull" upscaling. In: induced by the chemical factor.’] 23rd Meeting and Conference of the African *Menkir, A., Crossa, J., Meseka, S., Bossey, B., Association of Insect Scientists (AAIS), Muhyideen, O., Roberio, P.F., Coulibaly, M., Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 2019. [See previous Olaoye, G. and Haruna, A. 2020. Stacking item.] tolerance to drought and resistance to a *Mudereri, B.T., Dube, T., Niassy, S., Kimathi, parasitic weed in tropical hybrid maize for E., Landmann, T., Khan, Z. and Abdel- enhancing resilience to stress combinations. Rahman, E.M. 2020. Is it possible to discern Frontiers in Plant Science 2020: striga weed (Striga hermonthica) infestation HAUSTORIUM 78 25
levels in maize agro-ecological systems using 58(3): 1201-1218. [Five genotypes with good in-situ spectroscopy? International Journal of protein quality (MH1416, MQ623, SC643, Applied Earth Observation and SC527, and SC535) produced higher and more Geoinformation 8: stable grain yields than most of the lower (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article quality protein checks in Striga‐infested fields /pii/S0303243419305689?via%3Dihub) [Using in Zimbabwe.] in-situ FieldSpec® Handheld 2™ analytical Ohlson, E.W. and Timko, M.P. 2020. Race spectral device to discriminate among different structure of cowpea witchweed (Striga levels of S. hermonthica infestations in maize gesnerioides) in West Africa and its fields in western Kenya. The ‘random forest’ implications for Striga resistance breeding of algorithm was superior to others. Discussing cowpea. Weed Science 68(2): 125-133. [A many other details and results but concluding study of the virulence of 58 populations of S. that there is potential for use of hyperspectral, gesnerioides on 7 varieties of cowpea revealed resampled Sentinel-2 multispectral datasets 6 races of the parasite. No cowpea line was and machine learning discriminant algorithms resistant to all; and none of the S. gesnerioides as a tool to accurately discern Striga.] races was able to overcome the resistance of Nboyine, J.A., Boyer, S., Saville, D.J. and all 7 varieties. A novel race SG6 from Kudu, Wratten, S.D. 2019. Identifying plant DNA in Nigeria, was found to overcome more cowpea the faeces of a generalist insect pest to inform resistance than any previously reported race. trap cropping strategy. Agronomy for Proposing the need to stack multiple resistance Sustainable Development 39(6): pp.57. [Using genes.] DNA to identify food plants of the New *Oliveira, L., Neumann, P. Tae-Soo Jang, Zealand weta Hemiandrus sp. as a means to Klemme, S., Schubert, V., Koblížková, A., reduce its damage to crops. Species Houben, A. and Macas, J. 2019. Mitotic represented in the faeces included Pedicularis spindle attachment to the holocentric spp.] chromosomes of Cuscuta europaea does not *Nickrent, D.L. 2020. Parasitic angiosperms: How correlate with the distribution of CENH3 often and how many? Taxon chromatin. Frontiers in Plant Science 2019: (https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12195) [Haustorial (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P angiosperm parasites evolved 12 times MC6992598/) [see Press Report above.] resulting in over 290 genera and 4700 species. *Olszewski, Magdalena. 2019. Diversity and This comprehensive review summarizes the evolution of seeds in Cuscuta (dodders, molecular phylogenetic information available Convolvulaceae): morphology and structure. for all 12 clades.] MSc, Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Nickrent, D.L. 2020. Gymnosiphon syceorosensis Canada. Advisor: Dr. Mihai Costea (Burmanniaceae), the second new species for (https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2186) [A study of the Philippines. PhytoKeys 146: 71-87. [This 104 species of Cuscuta, looking at seed coat new mycoheterotrophic plant is described from morphology, embryo shape, mechanism of Mt. Hamiguitan on the island of Mindanao. Its water entry, seed size, seeds per capsule and morphology suggests an alliance with G. hilar region morphology, from which an affinis.] identification key for 16 species present and of *Nie LiPing, Cui YingXian, Wu LiWei, Zhou concern in Canada is prepared.] JianGuo, Xu ZhiChao, Li YongHua, Li Oltra Benavent, J. E. and Navarro Peris, A. 2020. XiWen, Wang Yu and Yao Hui. 2019. Gene (Some new vascular plants from La Safor losses and variations in chloroplast genome of (Valencia, Spain).) (in Spanish) Flora parasitic plant Macrosolen and phylogenetic Montiberica 76: 139-146. [Recording localities relationships within Santalales. International for Parentucellia viscosa.] Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(22): Onisan, E., Petrescu, I. and Sarac, I. 2019. The pp.5812. (https://www.mdpi.com/.../pdf) [In difficulties in obtaining Orobanche cumana this study, the complete chloroplast genome sunflower resistance hybrids. Annals of the sequences of M. cochinchinensis, M. tricolor University of Craiova - Agriculture, and M. bibracteolatus are reported.] Montanology, Cadastre Series 49(2): 125-130. Nyakurwa, C., Gasura, E., Setimela, P.S., Mabasa, [Noting that the development of new S., Rugare, J.T. and Mutsvanga, S. 2018. sunflower varieties resistant to O. cumana has Reaction of new quality protein maize become more difficult because the interaction genotypes to Striga asiatica. Crop Science of the female line with the genes from the HAUSTORIUM 78 26
restore line must fit perfectly in order to have a Phelipanche ramosa and other weeds, and complete resistance to the parasite, due to the revealed that weeds may regulate broomrape. very fast development of new and more See also Haustorium 77: Pointurier et al. virulent races. Commenting that ‘there are also 2019.] reported two dominant genes, one recessive *Qasem, J.R. 2020. Control of branched gene, double dominant epistasis and dominant broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) in tomato recessive epistasis, leading to the conclusion (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) by olive cake that resistance must be incorporated into both and olive mill waste water. Crop Protection parental lines for developing resistant hybrid’. 129: pp.105021. The paper presents some strategic conclusions (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article from the past 5 year of their sunflower /abs/pii/S0261219419303679?via%3Dihub) breeding program in Romania.] [Olive mill waste water at 400 ml per pot Pan Da, Hülber, K., Willner, W. and Schneeweiss, reduced shoot number and dry weight of O. G.M. 2020. An explicit test of Pleistocene ramosa by 70% and 74%. It was more survival in peripheral versus nunatak refugia in selective and effective against O. ramosa than two high mountain plant species. Molecular olive cake and of a ‘high potential use for Ecology 29(1): 172-183. [In Pedicularis parasite control in tomato’.] asplenifolia the peripheral plus nunatak *Queijeiro-Bolaños, M.E., Malda-Barrera, G.X., survival hypothesis was supported by Bayes Carrillo-Angeles, I.G. and Suzán-Azpiri, H. factors, consistent with current habitat 2020. Contrasting gas exchange effects on the preferences.] interactions of two mistletoe species and their *Pelser, P.B., Nickrent, D.L., van Ee, B.W. and host Acacia schaffneri. Journal of Arid Barcelona, J.F. 2020. A phylogenetic and Environments 173: pp.104041. biogeographic study of Rafflesia (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article (Rafflesiaceae) in the Philippines: limited /abs/pii/S0140196318319037) [This study dispersal and high island endemism. Molecular evaluated gas exchange (photosynthetic net Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106555. rate (A), stomatal conductance (G) and (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106555) intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE)) of [These analyses indicate that dispersal between uninfected A. schaffneri trees, compared to islands is rare resulting in high island trees infected by two mistletoe species, endemism. BioGeoBEARS analyses suggest Psittacanthus calyculatus and Phoradendron Borneo as the ancestral range of the genus and brachystachyum, in a semi-arid zone in central that divergences occurred earlier than Mexico. Stomatal conductance in trees previously assumed.] infected with P. brachystachyum was *Pettersen, Martin. 2019. Synthesis of XTH significantly lower, particularly on severely inhibitors. PhD, Universitetet i Tromsø. infected trees. But results suggest that overall, Advisor: Prof. Tore Lejo. seasonality effect is more important than (http://hdl.handle.net/10037/16065) [XTHs mistletoe infection in the physiological (xylogclucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases) performance of the host.] are a group of enzymes possibly involved in *Qin Yan, Zhang JingXiong, Hettenhausen, C., the infection of tomato plants by Cuscuta spp. Liu Hui, Li ShaLan, Shen uoJing, Cao This study shows that Brilliant Blue R250 GuoYan and Wu JianQiang. 2019. The host works as a good inhibitor for these enzymes, jasmonic acid pathway regulates the and attempts to synthesise structurally similar transcriptomic changes of dodder and host molecules to potentially increase water plant under the scenario of caterpillar feeding solubility and inhibitor activity. Compounds on dodder. BMC Plant Biology 19(No.540). with sulfonate groups replaced with (https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articl phosphonate showed desired activity.] es/10.1186/s12870-019-2161-8) [Finding that *Pointurier, O., 2019. (Modelling cropping system during caterpillar attack on C. campestris, the effects on branched broomrape dynamics in JA pathway of the tobacco host plant is interaction with weeds.) (in French) Doctorat required for the proper transcriptomic de Sciences agronomiques, Université de responses of both dodder and host. This study Bourgogne, Dijon, France. highlights the importance of the host JA (http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK058) [The pathway in regulating the inter-plant systemic model allowed identification of promising signaling between dodder and hosts.] combinations of techniques to control both HAUSTORIUM 78 27
Radu, I., Manole, D., Gurau, L.R. and Jinga, V. global warming may tend to decrease the 2019. Phytosanitary status and yield capacity distribution of C. chinensis in China, both of some sunflower hybrids in south Dobrogea. through direct effects on the parasite and Romanian Journal for Plant Protection 12: 61- through adverse effects on the main host 66. [Noting that sunflower is an immensely soyabean.] important crop in Romania. Twenty hybrids Ripoche, A. Autfray, P. and Marnotte, P. 2019. were screened for resistance to several (Control of Striga asiatica using 2-4-d in pathogens. Hybrids Aurimi, Centros and rainfed rice in middle-western Madagascar.) Rubisol proved susceptible to Orobanche (in French) 24e Conférence du COLUMA : cumana (race unspecified), but a number of Journées internationales sur la lutte contre les others showed excellent resistance.] mauvaises herbes, Orleans, France, 3, 4 et 5 *Rafferty, N.E., Agnew, L. and Nabity, P.D. 2019. décembre 2019. [Noting that S. asiatica can Parasitism modifies the direct effects of cause severe crop loss in rain-fed rice in warming on a hemiparasite and its host. PLoS Madagascar and that pre-emergence 2,4-D had ONE 14(10): e0224482. proved helpful elsewhere for control of S. (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10 hermonthica, 2,4-D was applied at 4 stages, at .1371/journal.pone.0224482) [In studies with 30 days after planting (prior to S. asiatica Castilleja sulphurea and its host Bouteloua emergence) and at 45, 60 and 75 days after gracilis, the host produced more root biomass planting. The two earliest applications reduced relative to shoot biomass when grown with a Striga emergence by 80 and 50% respectively parasite and when warmed (without parasite). and provided significant increases in yields.] Warmed parasite had lower root:shoot ratios Robayo, C., Marquínez, X. and Nickrent, D. L. but only when grown with a host. Under 2020. Floral anatomy of the plant elevated temperatures, C. sulphurea Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae). aboveground biomass was marginally greater, Revista de Biología Tropical 68(1): 1-11. [The and plants produced significantly more floral anatomy is generally like that of other haustoria.] Psittacanthinae. The morphological Ramarumo, L.J., Maroyi, A. and Tshisikhawe, comparison of pedicel, bracteole and calyculus M.P. 2020. Plant species used for birdlime- provides support for the interpretation of the making in South Africa. Bangladesh Journal of calyculus as a reduced calyx. The septate Botany 49(1): 117-124. [The fruits of locules of the anther are here considered an Erianthemum dregei, E. ngamicum, adaptation for releasing pollen over an Tapinanthus forbesii and T. rubromarginatus extended time period.] were all recorded being used for making bird Runo, S. 2019. Modern breeding approaches for lime but were not among the most favoured.] durable resistance against the parasitic plant Randle, C.P. and 10 others. 2018. Host cues Striga. Afrika Focus 32(2): 109-115. mediate growth and establishment of oak (https://ojs.ugent.be/AF/article/view/15770/13 mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum, 336) [Reviewing technologies for a new Viscaceae), an aerial parasitic plant. Castanea approach to Striga resistance breeding that 83(2): 249-262. [Studies to determine why P. incorporates host resistance breeding while leucarpum favours Quercus nigra and certain taking account of the tendency for Striga to other species as hosts demonstrated that light, evolve virulence – by genotyping the parasite host physiochemistry, and volatiles released in different eco-geographical regions and from potential host trees serve as cues identifying fingerprints unique to these regions affecting the viability and establishment of and subsequently linking that to genetic mistletoe seedlings. In particular, 3 common markers.] monoterpenes, limonene, β-myrcene, and β- Rusch, D., Kope, H., Murray, M., Yurkewich, J. phellandrene induce a positive growth and Zeglen, S. 2019. Dwarf mistletoe response of P. leucarpum radicles.] management in British Columbia. Land *Ren ZiChun, Zagortchev, L., Ma JunXia, Yan Management Handbook - British Columbia Ming and Li JunMin. 2020. Predicting the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural potential distribution of the parasitic Cuscuta Resource Operations No.73: 13 pp. chinensis under global warming. BMC [Describing the serious losses from Ecology 20(28): (09 May 2020). Arceuthobium spp. in BC, Canada. Noting that (https://bmcecol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10 removal of susceptible host trees through .1186/s12898-020-00295-6) [Concluding that harvesting and eradication of susceptible HAUSTORIUM 78 28
natural regeneration is the best way to reduce low soil fertility, but high cost limits the use of future losses. Also discussing the possible fertilizer. They mostly grow local landraces of effects of climate change.] maize which are chosen for their taste and *Safoora Amini, Khadijah Rosli, Mohd-Faizal maturity. Striga is removed by hand. Abu-Bakar, Halimah Alias, Mohd-Noor Mat- Emphasising the need for the breeding of Isa, Mohd-Afiq-Aizat Juhari, Jumaat Haji- resistant varieties of maize.] Adam, Goh HoeHan and Wan KiewLian. *Sawadogo, P., Batieno, T.B.J., Dieni, Z., 2019. Transcriptome landscape of Rafflesia Sawadogo, N., Ouedraogo, T.J. and cantleyi floral buds reveals insights into the Sawadogo, M. 2020. Geographical roles of transcription factors and distribution and alternate hosts of Striga phytohormones in flower development. PLoS gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke in Burkina Faso. ONE 14(12): pp.e0226338. Journal of Applied Biosciences 145: 14955 – (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10 14964. .1371/journal.pone.0226338) [Comparative (https://doi.org/10.35759/JABs.v145.10) gene expression analysis of different floral bud [Cassia mimosoides, Alysicarpus ovalifolius, stages identifies various transcription factors Ipomea eriocarpa, Ipomea sp. and Tephrosia related to flower development, providing new pedicellata were identified as hosts of S. resouces for molecular studies in the flower gesnerioides in addition to cowpea. Four development process in the large-flowered R, morphotypes were also distinguished, but the cantleyi.] host range of the different populations was not Salama, A., Shukla, M.R., Popova, E., Fisk, N.S., determined.] Jones, M.P. and Saxena, P.K. 2018. In vitro *Sanogo, S. and Lujan, P. 2018. Rarity of a fungal propagation and reintroduction of golden pathogen and a parasitic flowering plant paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta), a critically versus the commonness of a mycorrhizal imperilled plant species. Canadian Journal of fungus in pecan orchards in New Mexico. Plant Science 98(3): 762-770. [Concluding that Plant Health Progress 2018(August): PHP-05- in-vitro cultures from nodal explants, in 18-0024-S. combination with reintroduction efforts, offers (https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/ph an excellent opportunity for conserving the p/elements/sum2.aspx?id=11042) [Recording endangered C. levisecta and facilitating in situ Phoradendron tomentosum at very low levels conservation efforts by providing plants for on pecan trees in New Mexico and suggesting reintroduction.] that its occurrence should be closely Salifou, M., Souleymane, O., Hamidou, M., monitored.] Tignegre, J.B.L.S., Tongoona, P., Offei, S. and *Sarfowaa, Adwoa. 2019. Activity of xyloglucan Ofori, K. 2019. Screening of cowpea endotransglucosylases/hydrolases XTHs germplasm for resistance to Striga during host plant infection by the parasitic gesnerioides in Niger. African Crop Science plant Cuscuta. MSc, Universitetet i Tromsø. Journal 27(4): 641-652. [Recording immunity Supervisors: Prof. Kirsten Krause and Dr. to S. gesnerioides in lines IT93K-693- 2, Stian Olsen IT99K-573-1-1 and IT98K-205-8.] (http://hdl.handle.net/10037/15947) [The Sánchez-Villegas, R. and 14 others 2019. action of XTHs in haustoria formation, Chorological novelties for the vascular flora of previously observed in Cuscuta reflexa was the Gredos range (Central System, Spain). (in studied in C. campestris and C. platyloba Spanish) Flora Montiberica 75: 101-110. infecting Pelargonium zonale. The expression [Including comment on the distribution of of Cp-XTH1 was well regulated in the Cytinus ruber.] haustoria of C. platyloba, but not in C. Sangare, S., Coulibaly, M., Doumbia, I., Sanogo, campestris, while the expression of Cc-XTH2 O., Kwadwo, O. and Gracen, V. 2020. was greatly regulated in C. campestris but not Breeding opportunities and varietal in C. platyloba. Concluding that the high preferences as per farmers' perceptions for levels of XTHs, xyloglucan development of striga (Striga hermonthica) endotransglycosylase enzymes (XET) and resistant varieties and hybrids in maize. xyloglucan work synergistically to modify the Journal of Genetics, Genomics and Plant parasitic plant leading to the formation of the Breeding 4(1): 37-46. [Surveys in Mali show specialized structures called haustoria.] that farmers are all too aware of the danger Sari, R., Huda, M., Susandarini, R. and Astuti, I. from S. hermonthica and its association with P. 2019. Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar HAUSTORIUM 78 29
(Rafflesiaceae): a new record to Kalimantan, DAS, reduced the infestation of P. aegyptiaca Indonesia. Reinwardtia 18(2): 65-70. [R. significantly throughout the growing season hasseltii recorded for the first time from and proved best in increasing yield as well as Sambas District, West Kalimantan and oil content in Indian mustard. Neem cake, describing the detailed characteristics of the pendimethalin and metalaxyl, alone or in flowers.] combination with glyphosate, exhibited Saric-Krsmanovic, M., Uludag, A., Bozic, D., control of P. aegyptiaca at early growth stages Radivojevic, L., Gajic-Umiljendic, J. and only.] Vrbnicanin, S. 2020. The effect of glyphosate *Shimels, Mahdere Z. 2019. The mechanism on anatomical and physiological features of underlying strigolactone diversification in alfalfa infested with field dodder (Cuscuta sorghum and its role in resistance against the campestris Yunck.). Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. PhD, 26(2): 181-189. [Showing that glyphosate at Wageningen University. Advisors: H.J. 288 and 360 g/ha caused recovery of the Bouwmeester, C.P. Ruyter-Spira. harmful effects of C. campestris on alfalfa, (http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/554 confirming that glyphosate can control field 879) [Sorghum lines with high Striga dodder at early stages of infestation on alfalfa.] germination stimulant activity predominantly *Scharenberg, F., Stegemann, T., Çiçek, S.S. and produce 5-deoxystrigol while the low Zidorn, C. 2019. Sequestration of pyridine germination stimulant lines produce alkaloids anabasine and nicotine from orobanchol. Evidence is provided for the Nicotiana (Solanaceae) by Orobanche ramosa functional loss of an enzyme annotated as a (Orobanchaceae). Biochemical Systematics sulfotransferase (Sobic.005G213600, and Ecology 86: pp.103908. SbSOT4A) and it is hypothesized that it is (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article responsible for the stereospecific difference of /pii/S0305197819301553?via%3Dihub) [O. strigolactones between low- and high- ramosa is capable of sequestering natural germination stimulant sorghum lines. It is thus products from different species of Nicotiana concluded that in high germination stimulant hosts. These products, namely pyridine lines, SbSOT4A is intact; after sulfation of alkaloids anabasine and nicotine, are not C18-hydroxycarlactone it is further oxidized at synthesized by the parasite itself.] the C19 position to form a carboxy group and *Scott, D. Scholes, J.D., Randrianjafizanaka, upon the loss of the sulfate group ring closure M.V., Randriamampianina, J.A., Autfray, P. occurs which results in the formation of 5- and Freckleton, R.P. 2020. Mapping the deoxystrigol. Also studying the synthesis and drivers of parasitic weed abundance at a role of sorgomol.] national scale: a new approach applied to *Silberg, T.R., Richardson, R.B. and Lopez, M.C. Striga asiatica in the mid‐west of Madagascar. 2020. Maize farmer preferences for Weed Research 25 June. intercropping systems to reduce Striga in (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.111 Malawi. Food Security 1/wre.12436) [Surveying the occurrence of S. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01013-2) asiatica across Madagascar, where it is a [Noting that repeated droughts have serious parasite of rice and finding its density exacerbated the problem of S. asiatica in related to crop variety, companion crop and southern Africa, affecting 80% farmers in previous crop , as well as density in Malawi. This paper discusses the potential neighbouring fields and socio-economic benefits from inter-cropping with legumes and factors, suggesting some readily available reports on a survey to establish the extent to control options, rather than novel technologies which farmers are prepared to sacrifice some requiring introduction.] yield of maize for suppression of Striga. Sharma, R., Amarjeet and Punia, S.S. 2019. Noting differences between male and female Response of various chemicals, neem cake and farmers.] hand pulling on growth and development of Șİn, B., Öztürk, L., Sİvrİ, N., Avcı, G.G. and Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) Kadıoğlu, İ. 2019. Weed flora of cherry, in Indian mustard. Journal of Crop and Weed walnut, apple, almond and pear orchards in 15(2): 126-131. [Application of recommended northwestern Marmara region of Turkey. doses of fertilizer (N and P), plus foliar sprays Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science of glyphosate at 25 and 50 g/ha, plus 1.0% and Technology 7(12): 2252-2258. [Viscum solution of ammonium sulphate at 25 and 55 album was widespread among pear trees while HAUSTORIUM 78 30
Cuscuta campestris was detected only on Subhashini, K., Kumar, P.K.R. and Gaddeyya, G. emerged suckers in apple and cherry orchards.] 2019. A comprehensive review on Singh, P., Těšitel, J., Plesková, Z., Peterka, T., Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Hájková, P., Dítě, D., Pawlikowski, P. and (Loranthaceae). Tropical Plant Research 6(3): Hájek, M. 2019. The ratio between bryophyte 514-520. [A general review of D. falcata, functional groups impacts vascular plants in commonly occurring on mango and forest rich fens. Applied Vegetation Science 22(4): trees in India.] 494-507. [Although non-sphagnaceous Sultan, A., Robertson, A.W., Callmander, M.W., bryophytes, especially so-called brown Phillipson, P.B., Meyer, J-Y. and Tate, J.A. mosses, prevail over sphagna under alkaline 2019. Widespread morphological parallelism conditions, in sub-alkaline conditions, rich fens in Korthalsella (Santalaceae, tribe Visceae): A allow the co-occurrence of both these molecular phylogenetic perspective. Taxon functional groups. Then sphagna tend to be 68:1204-1218. [Nuclear ribosomal ITS and dominant over the brown mosses and over plastid trnL-F phylogenies show that historical seedlings of vascular plants. Hence the sectional classifications based on morphology importance of brown mosses in the are not supported and that geographical preservation of endangered species including distribution is a better indicator of Pedicularis palustris.] relationships in these mistletoes.] *Skrypnik, L., Maslennikov, P., Feduraev, P., Suonan DengDeng, Chen WeiDong and Lin Pungin, A. and Belov, N. 2020. Ecological and PengCheng. 2020. (Habitat and factors of landscape factors affecting the spread of endangerment of wild and endangered European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in medicinal herb Dactylorhiza hatagirea in urban areas (a case study of the Kaliningrad Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.) (in Chinese) Guangxi city, Russia). Plants 9(3): Zhiwu / Guihaia 39(9): 1166-1179. [Noting (https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/3/394) the presence of Pedicularis longiflora var. [The commonest hosts of V. album in tubiformis alongside the myco-heterotrphic Kalingrad were Tilia cordata, Acer orchid D. hatagirea in certain habitats.] platanoides, and Populus nigra with up to 10 Susatya, A. 20120. The growth of flower bud, life parasites per tree, but those with the heaviest history, and population structure of Rafflesia infestations, up to 50 per tree were Populus × arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Bengkulu, Sumatra, berolinensis, Populus nigra, and Acer Indonesia. Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological saccharinum. Levels of infestation were not Diversity 21(2): 792-798. [Measurements were correlated with soil or air pollution, but were made on 17 flowers from two host vines and with tree age.] the growth rates calculated. Despite the title, Steševič, D., Küzmič, F., Stanišić-Vujačić, M. and little information is given on actual population Šilc, U. 2020. Coastal sand dune vegetation of structure and life history of this holoparasite Velika plaža (Montenegro). Acta Botanica (e.g. nothing about host infection.] Croatica 79(1): 43-54. [Describing a new *Swarnalatha, G., Sarala, K., Prabhakara Rao, ecological association Cuscuto cesatianae- K., Baghyalakshmi, K., Baghyalakshmi, K., Phyletum nodiflorae involving C. cesatiana.] Sambasiva Rao, K.R.S. and Bindu, J.P. 2020. Su, Chun, Hai Liu, Wafula, E.K., Honaas, L., de Parasitic interactions of Orobanche with Pamphilis, C.W. and Timko, M.P. 2020. selected Nicotiana species and identification SHR4z, a novel decoy effector from the of effective resistant genotypes. Genetic haustorium of the parasitic weed Striga Resources and Crop Evolution gesnerioides, suppresses host plant immunity (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00900-z) New Phytologist 226(3): 891-908. [Of 7 wild relatives, N. benthamiana-repanda (https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16351) [A study and N. nesophila showed tolerance, while N. with cowpea var B301 which is resistant to umbratica-nesophila showed some resistance.] most races of S. gesnerioides but susceptible to Tang DanDan, Wu Yi, Liu WenYao, Hu Tao, race SG4z, revealed the presence of secreted Huang JunBiao and Zhang TingTing. 2019. effector protein ‘SHR4z’ which has homology (Ecological stoichiometry of two common to the SERK family of proteins which bind to hemiparasite plants and their relationship with VuPOB1 which is shown to be a regulator of host trees in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan, China.) host resistance. This is silenced in B301 (in Chinese) Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology allowing parasitism by SG4z.] 43(3): 245-257. [Analysis of chemical proportions of carbon, nitrogen and HAUSTORIUM 78 31
phosphorus in branches and leaves of Protection 51(17-18): 1-14. [Confirming that Loranthus delavayi and Taxillus delavayi and both dried powder and aqueous extracts of E. their hosts, providing data for the study of hirta stimulated germination of P. ramosa and nutrient utilization strategies in these parasites] also suppressed haustorium initiation when Tedoradze, G., Nakhutsrishvili, G., Seip, M., applied during conditioning. They also ‘have Theissen, T., Waldhardt, R., Otte, A. and potential as spot treatments also for control of Magiera, A. 2020. Terrain impacts the Striga hermonthica.’] composition of the persistent soil seed bank: a *Tippe, Dennis Erro. 2019. Developing parasitic case study of steep high mountain grasslands weed control strategies for rainfed rice in the Greater Caucasus, Georgia. production environments. PhD, Wageningen Phytocoenologia 50(1): 47-63. [Including University. Supervisors: N.P.R. Anten, L. reference to Rhinanthus minor but no detail in Bastiaans and J. Rodenburg. abstract.] (https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/555 Teixeira-Costa, L. and Ocampo, G,G.C. 2020. 308) [Studying three options for control of Morphogenesis and evolution of mistletoes’ Striga asiatica and Rhamphicarpa fistulosa in haustoria. In: Demarco D, (Ed.) Plant rain-fed rice in Tanzania – delayed sowing, ontogeny: studies, analyses and evolutionary short-duration cultivars and fertilizer. Delayed implications. Hauppauge, New York: Nova sowing reduced infection by S. asiatica, Science. Pp 108-157. [Studies on the especially when combined with a short- morphogenesis of mistletoes haustoria were duration rice variety, but increased that by R. used for a phylogenetic analysis of ancestral fistulosa. Application of fertilizer showed only character state reconstruction coupled with a small and inconsistent benefit. Farmers’ divergence time estimations for all clades experience indicated that the early sowing within Santalales. From an ancestor with either time under lowland conditions favoured the root or epicortical root haustoria, drier climates traditional late maturing rice variety. Under may have driven the expansion and upland conditions, farmers were more specialization of mistletoe’s endophytic tissue, impressed with a newly developed, early leading to the evolution of cortical strands.] maturing, resistant rice variety. Organic Testi, V., Delvago, C., Colla, R., Boselli, R., fertilizers, particularly rice husks, in Tabaglio, F.A.V. and Montemurro, P. 2018. combination with mineral fertilizers were the (Results of Phelipanche ramosa control trials preferred soil amendment. Conclusion – no on processing tomato.) (in Italian) Conference simple solutions! (See also papers by Tippe et paper: Atti, Giornate Fitopatologiche, al. 2017 in Haustorium 72).] Chianciano Terme (SI), Italia, 6-9 marzo 2018, Tippe, D.E, Bastiaans, L., van Ast, A., Dieng, I., Volume primo 2018: 573-578. Cissoko, M., Kayeke, J., Makokha, D.W. and (http://www.giornatefitopatologiche.it... ) [An Rodenburg, J. 2020. Fertilisers differentially ill-defined ‘sostanze vegetali’ with and without affect facultative and obligate parasitic weeds a zinc product, controlled P. ramosa better of rice and only occasionally improve yields in than rimsulfuron, but no indication of safety to infested fields. Field Crops Research 253 (1 tomatoes.] September 2020): 107845. Tigist Beyene and Meseret Chimdessa Egigu. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article 2020. Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth has /abs/pii/S0378429019316028?via%3Dihub) dual negative effect on its host Sorghum [Reporting the results as described in Tippe, bicolor (L.) Moench. Turkish Journal of 2019 above.] Agriculture - Food Science and Technology Ugbaa, M., Omoigui, L. and Bello, L. 2020. 8(1): 165-170. [Suggesting that extracts of leaf Phenotypic screening of cowpea (Vigna and flower of S. hermonthica could cause unguiculata) genotypes in response to parasitic reductions in germination and early root weed Alectra vogelii. Asian Journal of growth of sorghum in petri dishes, but subject Agriculture 4(10):14-17. [Screening of local to the usual doubts surrounding studies of cowpea varieties in Nigeria confirmed allelopathy.] resistance in B301, IT98K-573-1-1 and Tilal, S.A., Babiker, A.G.T. and Finckh, M.R. IT98K-205-8.] 2019. Effects of powder and aqueous extracts Üstüner, T. 2020. (The effect of field dodder of Euphorbia hirta on Phelipanche ramosa (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on the germination and haustorium initiation. phenological and pomological characteristics Archives of Phytopathology and Plant of Dila pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).) (in HAUSTORIUM 78 32
Turkish) Harran Tarim ve Gida Bilimleri *Wei XuePing, Guo HaoJie, Che Peng, Zhang Dergisi / Harran Journal of Agricultural and BenGang, Liu HaiTao and Qi YaoDong. 2019. Food Science 24(1): 53-63. [A ‘very dense’ The complete chloroplast genome sequence of infestation of C. campestris shown to cause Viscum coloratum (Viscaceae), a semiparasitic 17% yield loss in Dila pepper in Turkey.] medicinal plant. Mitochondrial DNA Part B Vacher, C., Gatard, L., Guinchard, L., Reibel, C., 4(2): pp.2904-2905. Gautheron, N., Dessaint, F., Delye, C., Edel- (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080 Hermann, V., Steinberg, C. and Gibot-Leclerc, /23802359.2019.1660923 ) [Phylogenetic S. 2019. (Tobacco branching broomrape analysis were performed based on 30 shared (Phelipanche ramosa L.): identifying new genes of 12 species in Santalales using conventional and biocontrol solutions.) (in maximum likelihood method. The results French) 24e Conférence du COLUMA : showed a close relationship between V. Journées internationales sur la lutte contre les coloratum and V. album.] mauvaises herbes, Orleans, France, décembre Wimolsakcharoen, W., Dumrongrojwatthana, P. 2019. [The herbicides rimsulfuron, and Trébuil, G. 2020. Production of non- sulfosulfuron and clethodim did not provide timber forest products (NTFPS) and diversity fully satisfactory control. Some results with of harvesters' practices and decision-making Fusarium collections proved promising but processes in northern Thailand community require further evaluation.] forests. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques 343: 39- *Wang Dan, Cui BoChao, Duan SuSu, Chen 52. [Young shoots of Melientha suavis JiJun, Fan Hong, Lu BinBin and Zheng (Opiliaceae), were found to be one of the three JiangHua. 2019. Moving north in China: the main non-timber forest products collected, habitat of Pedicularis kansuensis in the context with productivity of 2 kg/ha/year.] of climate change. Science of the Total Wolfe, A.D. 2018. Hyobanche hanekomii Environment 697: pp.133979. (Orobanchaceae), a new species from the (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article Western Cape of South Africa. Phytotaxa /pii/S004896971933949X?via%3Dihub) 340(1): 93-97. [H. hanekomii is described and [Modelling the potential of climate change to illustrated, somewhat intermediate in affect the distribution of P. kansuensis and appearance between H. sanguinea and H. concluding that increased populations to the atropurpurea. It occurs in the Cape Fold Belt north by 2070 would only amount to about Mountains of the northwest part of the 0.5%.] Western Cape. Host not identified in the *Wang JianYou, Salim Al-Babili and 16 others. abstract.] 2019. The apocarotenoid metabolite zaxinone *Xiaoxin Ye, Meng Zhang, Manyun Zhang and regulates growth and strigolactone Yongqing Ma. 2020. Assessing the biosynthesis in rice. Nature Communications performance of maize (Zea mays L.) as trap 10(2): pp.810. crops for the management of sunflower (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019- broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) 08461-1) [Mutants (zas) containing less Agronomy 10(1): 100. zaxinone, exhibit retarded growth and show (https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010100) elevated levels of strigolactones, confirming [Finding that maize stimulated germination of that zaxinone is a key regulator of rice O. cumana germination. Varieties differed in development and biotic interactions and has effectiveness, cultivar N314 being best and potential for increasing crop growth and greatly reducing infestation after 3 years, combating Striga.] leading to a doubling of sunflower yield.] *Wang XiangTao, Niu Ben, Zhang XianZhou, He *Yakubu, Mohammed Nuru. 2019. Physiological YongTao, Shi PeiLi, Miao YanJun, Cao and genetic study of the three-way interactions YaNan, Li Meng and Wang ZhiPeng 2020. between rice, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Seed germination in alpine meadow Steppe and the parasitic weed Striga. PhD, University plants from central Tibet in response to of Aberdeen. Advisors: Adam Price, Ahmad experimental warming. Sustainability 12(5): Abdulhameed. 1884. (https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051884) (https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl. Finding that germination of Pedicularis ethos.794127) [This study screened diverse kansuensis would be higher (but slightly rice cultivars for Striga resistance, evaluating slower) with increased temperatures of 3oC.] the influence and nature of mycorrhizal (Rhizophagus intraradices)-induced protection HAUSTORIUM 78 33
against S. hermonthica using a split-root Phylogenetic analysis shows that Tolypanthus technique, assessing activity on Striga seed is sister to Macrosolen within Loranthaceae.] germination, and examining evidence that *Yue Guo. Li Cheng , Weihua Long Jianqin variation in the presence or absence of the Gao, Jiefu Zhang, Song Chen, Huiming Pu MAX1 ortholog gene is implicated in and Maolong Hu. 2020. Synergistic mutations resistance.] of two rapeseed AHAS genes confer high Yan JiaKun, Zhang NingNing and Duan YiZhong. resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides for weed 2019. The complete chloroplast genome control. Theoretical and Applied Genetics sequence of Tribulus terrestris, an important (2020). traditional Chinese medicine. Mitochondrial (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs DNA Part B 4(2): 3108-3109. [A total of 129 00122-020-03633-w) [Describing the genes were annotated, including 37 tRNA, 8 development of a line of rapeseed with rRNA, and 84 protein-coding genes. exceptionally high resistance to herbicides Phylogenetic analysis showed T. terrestris with potential to control weeds including clustered with Krameria lanceolata and Phelipanche ramosa.] Krameria bicolor.] Zagorchev, L., Traianova, A., Teofanova, D, Li, Yanev, M. and Kalinova, S. 2019. Influence of J., Kouzmanova, M. And Goltsev, V. 2020. glyphosate on leaf gas exchange and Special issue in honour of Prof. Reto J. photosynthetic pigments of broomrape-infested Strasser – Influence of Cuscuta campestris tobacco plants. Bulgarian Journal of Yunck. on the photosynthetic activity of Agricultural Science 26(2): 435-440. Ipomoea tricolor Cav. - in vivo chlorophyll a [Glyphosate is used for partial control of fluorescence assessment. Photosynthetica Phelipanche ramosa and P. mutelii in tobacco 58(2): 422-432. [Effect of C. campestris on the in Bulgaria, but has to be applied at the precise photosynthetic apparatus of I. tricolor hosts dose of 144 g/ha and only to the lower leaves depends on the physiological age of the host if the yield is not be adversely affected. This plant leaves.] study confirms that application to the upper Zaheer Abbas, Khan, S.M., Jan Alam, Zainul leaves reduces photosynthesis via a reduction Abideen and Zahid Ullah. 2020. Plant in chlorophylls while application to the lower communities and anthropo-natural threats in leaves does not.] the Shigar valley, (Central Karakorum) Yao RuiFeng, Li JiaYang and Xie DaoXin. 2018. Baltistan-Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany Recent advances in molecular basis for 52(3): 987-994. [Recording the rare strigolactone action. Science China Life Pedicularis staintonii.] Sciences 61(3): 277-284. [A short review.] Zázvorka, J., Sánchez Pedraja, Ó., Moreno Moral, Yildiz, Ü.C., Kiliç, C., Gürgen, A. and Yildiz, S. G., Carlón Ruiz, L., Domina, G., Laínz Gallo, 2020. Possibility of using lichen and mistletoe M. and Piwowarczyk, R. 2019. Orobanche extracts as potential natural wood preservative. centaurina Bertol. the correct name for O. Maderas: Ciencia y Technologia 22(2): 179- kochii F.W. Schultz (Orobanchaceae). Flora 188. [Extraction of Viscum album in water or Montiberica 75: 52-56. [Concluding, after methanol has good potential to prevent fungal comparison with O. kochii and other rotting of wood.] specimens, that O. centaurina Bertol. is the *Yoneyama, K. 2020. Recent progress in the correct name for the plant parasitizing chemistry and biochemistry of Centaurea paniculata in the Czech Republic.] strigolactones. Journal of Pesticide Science Zeid, M.M. and Hemeid, M.M. 2019. Effect of (10.1584/jpestics.D19-084) [Reviewing the glyphosate on performance of faba bean subject 50 years since the identification of varieties under heavy infestation of Orobanche strigol and summarising the recent crenata. Alexandria Science Exchange 40(1): advances in chemistry and biology of the 169-176. [Field trials with glyphosate sprays at strigolactones.] 86 g/ha in Morocco reduced O. crenata but Yu RunXian, Zhou SongYan, Zhou QiuJie, Liu failed to increae faba bean yield and is not Ying and Zhou RenChao. 2019. The complete recommended. Variety Misr 3 was seen as the chloroplast genome of a hemiparasitic plant most promising variety combining generally Tolypanthus maclurei (Loranthaceae). good yield and low number of emerged O. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4(1): 207-208. [All crenata compared to older varieties Giza 843 the ndh genes except ndhB are lost and five and Misr 1.] protein-coding genes are pseudogenized. HAUSTORIUM 78 34
Zeid, M.M. and Komeil, D.A. 2019. Same-hill genes and the phylogenetic relationships intercropping of different plant species with within Orobanchaceae. Frontiers in Genetics faba bean for control of Orobanche crenata. 10(May): pp.444. Alexandria Science Exchange 40(2): 228-238. (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/f [Radish interfered with O. crenata gene.2019.00444/full) [First complete germination, fenugreek had a small effect and chloroplast genome of E. regelii, which is fennel, none. Interplanted in the field, more conserved when compared to other fenugreek reduced the crop when in the same hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae genera. hill but sometimes reduced O. crenata when Structural rearrangements or gene losses were planted separately in the ridge. Effects in not detected.] heavily infested fields were generally Zhuo Zhou, Jin‐Jin Hu, Jun Wen and Hang Sun. disappointing.] 2019. Morphometric, phylogenetic and Zhang YingYing, Wang DaWei, Shen YueQuan biogeographic analyses of Pyrularia and Xi Zhen. 2020. Crystal structure and (Santalales), a parasitic disjunct lineage biochemical characterization of Striga between eastern Asia and eastern North hermonthica HYPO-SENSITIVE TO LIGHT America. Taxon 68: 47-71. [Pyrularia is a 8 (ShHTL8) in strigolactone signaling small genus that displays the well-known pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical intercontinental disjunct distribution between Research Communications 523(4): 1040-1045. eastern Asia and eastern North America. [Striga has eleven different kinds of ShHTL Molecular phylogenetics and dating indicate hydrolases. The study indicates that on there are two species in the genus that ShHTL8, L125, M147, M154 and I194 are diverged in the late Miocene.] important binding sites, and of which L125 be especially important. The corresponding residue, Y124 of ShHTL1 and F135 of HAUSTORIUM 78 ShHTL2 may also play a significant role.] has been edited by Chris Parker, 5 Royal York Zhang YingYing, Wang DaWei, Shen YueQuan Crescent, Bristol BS8 4JZ, UK (Email and Xi Zhen. 2020. Crystal structure and [email protected]), Lytton biochemical characterization of Striga Musselman, Parasitic Plant Laboratory, hermonthica HYPO-SENSITIVE TO LIGHT Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion 8 (ShHTL8) in strigolactone signaling University, Norfolk Virginia 23529-0266, USA pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical (fax 757 683 5283; Email [email protected]) Research Communications 523(4): 1040-1045. and Luiza Teixeira-Costa, Department of [Determination of the crystal structure of a Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard Striga hydrolase, a protein that responds to the University Herbaria, USA. presence of strigolactones in the soil. The work ([email protected]) with valued shows specific structural residues that play a assistance from Dan Nickrent, Southern Illinois role in substrate recognition. ] University, Carbondale, USA. It has been *Zhou Nong. 2019. Characterization of the produced and distributed by Chris Parker and complete chloroplast genome of Boschniakia published by Old Dominion University (ISSN himalaica J. D. Hooker & Thomson 1944-6969). (Orobanchaceae), a medicinal species in southwest China. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4 Send material for publication to any of the editors. No.2(2) pp.3064-3065. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080 /23802359.2019.1664952) [ The chloroplast genome contained 84 genes, including 50 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis indicated B. himalaica was closely related to Cistanche deserticola.] *Zhou Tao, Ruhsam, M., Wang Jian, Zhu HongHong, Li WenLi, Zhang Xiao, Xu YuCan, Xu FuSheng and Wang XuMei. 2019. The complete chloroplast genome of Euphrasia regelii, pseudogenization of ndh