DOCSLIB.ORG

Boosting the Tobacco Control Vaccine: Recognizing the Role of the Retail Environment in Addressing Tobacco Use Anddisparities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Boosting the Tobacco Control Vaccine: Recognizing the Role of the Retail Environment in Addressing Tobacco Use Anddisparities Special communication Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055722 on 23 September 2020. Downloaded from Boosting the Tobacco Control Vaccine: recognizing the role of the retail environment in addressing tobacco use and disparities Amanda Y. Kong ,1 Brian A. King2 1Department of Health Behavior, ABSTRACT the sales of combustible tobacco products.8 To date, Gillings School of Global Public Much of the progress in reducing cigarette smoking several countries have instituted varying smoking Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel and tobacco- related morbidity and mortality among prevalence endgame targets, including New Zealand Hill, North Carolina, USA youth and adults is attributable to population- level (5% smoking prevalence by 2025), Scotland (<5% 2Office on Smoking and Health, strategies previously described in the context of the by 2034) and Hong Kong (5% by 2022).7 Centers for Disease Control and Tobacco Control Vaccine. The retail environment is The USA has not set an endgame target, but Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, used heavily by the tobacco industry to promote and two of the primary strategies discussed in recent USA advertise its products, and variations in exposure to and Surgeon General Reports include POS- related strat- characteristics of the retail environment exist across egies, including bans on the sales of some catego- Correspondence to 9 10 Amanda Y. Kong, Department demographic groups. It is therefore also an essential ries of tobacco products. As the tobacco control of Health Behavior, Gillings environment for further reducing smoking, as well as landscape has evolved in recent decades, the retail School of Global Public Health, ameliorating racial, ethnic and socioeconomic tobacco- sector has become an increasingly prominent place University of North Carolina at related disparities. This commentary provides an overview for tobacco product access and marketing. Accord- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; of the importance of incorporating strategies focused ingly, retail- focused tobacco control strategies may on the tobacco retailer environment (availability; pricing be important levers for further reducing overall akong2@ live. unc. edu CDC Library. Protected by copyright. and promotion; advertising and display; age of sale; and cigarette smoking, and ameliorating observed Received 25 February 2020 retail licensure) as part of a comprehensive approach racial, ethnic and socioeconomic tobacco- related Revised 22 July 2020 Accepted 28 July 2020 to tobacco prevention and control. To reach tobacco disparities. endgame targets, such innovative strategies are a This commentary provides an overview of the complement to, but not a replacement for, long- standing importance of incorporating retail- focused strat- evidence- based components of the Tobacco Control egies as part of an integrated approach to help Vaccine. achieve the tobacco endgame. As the USA has just begun more robust discussions on retailer-focused endgame strategies, we use the USA as an under- lying framework, with the understanding that these BACKGROUND strategies may be applicable globally. Globally, substantial progress has been made in tobacco control, and much of this progress is a result of the implementation of evidence- and FEDERAL REGULATORY CONTEXT http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ population- based strategies, including those With the passage of regulations in the USA outlined in the WHO’s Framework Convention on addressing the manner in which tobacco products Tobacco Control (FCTC).1 2 The strategies that have can be advertised, including the 1998 Master Settle- been most impactful against the tobacco epidemic ment Agreement and the 2009 Prevent All Cigarette have recently been described in the context of the Trafficking Act, the tobacco industry has continued Tobacco Control Vaccine.3 The four components of to shift its advertising and promotion expenditures the Tobacco Control Vaccine include tobacco price towards less regulated areas, most notably the retail 11 12 increases, smoke- free policies, hard- hitting media environment. Tobacco industry documents and campaigns and access to cessation resources.3 interviews with tobacco retailers reveal the indus- However, while progress has been made in try’s use of contracts and retailer promotional incen- combating the tobacco epidemic globally, calls tive programmes to secure prime POS display space on October 6, 2020 at Stephen B. Thacker have been made to explore additional strategies to encourage high sales volumes.11 12 In the USA to further reduce the burden of tobacco use.4 5 alone, the tobacco industry spent approximately These ‘endgame’ strategies are defined as ‘Initia- $9.4 billion13 on the marketing of cigarette and tives designed to change/eliminate permanently the smokeless tobacco products in 2017, $7.3 billion14 structural, political and social dynamics that sustain of which was for marketing and promotion in the © Author(s) (or their the tobacco epidemic, in order to end it within a retail environment. The 2009 Family Smoking employer(s)) 2020. No 6 commercial re- use. See rights specific time’. The importance of considering Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA) and permissions. Published aspects of place (both locally and globally) when granted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by BMJ. implementing endgame strategies has been noted, authority to regulate several aspects of the tobacco especially as local context and endgame strategies retail environment, including tobacco advertising, To cite: Kong AY, King BA. 7 15 Tob Control Epub ahead of may impact various social groups differentially. marketing, sales and distribution. Importantly, the print: [please include Day For example, potential endgame strategies include FSPTCA does not pre- empt, or prohibit, states and Month Year]. doi:10.1136/ several actions focused on the point of sale (POS), communities from enacting more stringent retailer- tobaccocontrol-2020-055722 including licensing of tobacco retailers and banning focused strategies. Kong AY, King BA. Tob Control 2020;0:1–7. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055722 1 Special communication Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055722 on 23 September 2020. Downloaded from TOBACCO RETAILER ENVIRONMENT Product availability It is estimated that there are 375 000 retailers that sell tobacco One way to decrease the presence of the tobacco industry in the products across the USA.16 Both adults and youth regularly retail environment is to prohibit sales of the product. While the interact with tobacco retailers, and the average US store has FDA cannot prohibit entire tobacco product classes, states and nearly 30 tobacco marketing materials (eg, branded signs; localities are not pre-empted from prohibiting their sales.9 In branded shelving, such as power walls; branded functional 2019, Beverly Hills, California, became the first USA jurisdiction items).17 In the USA, gas and convenience stores are the most to vote to prohibit the sales of all tobacco products, including common type of tobacco retailer and also have a higher prev- e- cigarettes, effective January 2021; however, cigar lounges and alence of tobacco advertising than other retailer types.17 The hotels are exempt.33 In 2020, Manhattan Beach, California, majority of US adult smokers purchase their cigarettes at gas became the second USA jurisdiction to approve a similar regula- and convenience stores,18 and nearly half of youth visit conve- tion without carve- outs.34 However, in both places, all retailers nience stores weekly.19 Additionally, variations in exposure are able to apply for hardship exemptions that would allow them to the retail environment exist across demographic groups; to continue selling tobacco products for a limited time.33 34 for example, Black youth living in rural areas and those with greater neighbourhood deprivation (eg, poverty level, educa- tion, unemployment) are more likely to report weekly conve- Flavoured tobacco products nience store visits.19 Numerous jurisdictions have also taken actions to limit the availability of specific tobacco product types, namely flavoured tobacco products. Flavoured combustible tobacco products, Inequities in the tobacco retail environment including mentholated products, reduce the harshness of smoke, Examination of historical tobacco industry documents reveals the making it easier to inhale.22 35 36 As such, flavoured products are tobacco industry’s focus on the retail environment as a venue for particularly appealing to novice smokers such as youth.37 38 In targeting their products to certain groups. In 1984, an RJ Reyn- 2015, Nova Scotia, Canada, became the first jurisdiction in the olds consumer report indicated that the Black population was an world to implement a ban on the sales of menthol cigarettes, and ‘important target group’ and outlined strategies for reaching this there has been no evidence of increased illicit cigarette sales.39 In population, including encouraging menthol cigarette brands, October 2017, a federal Canadian menthol tobacco product ban CDC Library. Protected by copyright. increasing the availability of promotions and placing promo- was implemented.40 Turkey was the first country to implement a tions in specific store types.20 21 Additionally, flavoured cigars menthol ban on cigarettes and hand- rolled tobacco in 2015, and were designed to appeal to new tobacco users and women, with this regulation was fully implemented in May 2020.41
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Best Practices User Guides-Health Equity in Tobacco Prevention and Control
    User Guides Health Equity in Tobacco Prevention and Control Acknowledgements This guide was produced by the Center for Public Health Systems Science (CPHSS) at the Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis. Primary contributors: Laura Brossart, Sarah Moreland-Russell, Stephanie Andersen, Anne Shea, Heidi Walsh, Sarah Schell, Laura Bach, Jennifer Cameron, Anneke Mohr, Laura Edison, Megan Multack, Susan Vorkoper Valued input was provided by: Stephen Babb, Diane Beistle, Rebecca Bunnell, Gloria Bryan, Kevin Collins, Shanna Cox, Monica Eischen, John Francis, Bridgette Garrett, Carissa Holmes, Brian King, Brick Lancaster, Rod Lew, Tim McAfee, Jane Mitchko, Jeannette Noltenius, Janet Porter, Gabbi Promoff, Coletta Reid, Brenda Richards, William Robinson, Robert Rodes, Anna Schecter, Scout, Karla Sneegas, Anne Sowell Valued input for the case studies was provided by: Bob Gordon, California LGBT Tobacco Education Partnership Janae Duncan, Utah Tobacco Prevention and Control Program Other contributions: Photograph on page 12 from the collection of Stanford University (tobacco.stanford.edu) Photograph on page 14 courtesy of Jóvenes de Salud Photograph on page 15 courtesy of Counter Tobacco Photograph on page 22 courtesy of Oklahoma State Department of Health Photograph on page 32 courtesy of the Jefferson County Department of Health and the Health Action Partnership Photograph on page 34 courtesy of the LGBT Tobacco Education Partnership, California Table of Contents Guide to the Reader .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • American Indian Views of Smoking: Risk and Protective Factors
    Volume 1, Issue 2 (December 2010) http://www.hawaii.edu/sswork/jivsw http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12527 E-ISSN 2151-349X pp. 1-18 ‘This Tobacco Has Always Been Here for Us,’ American Indian Views of Smoking: Risk and Protective Factors Sandra L. Momper Beth Glover Reed University of Michigan University of Michigan Mary Kate Dennis University of Michigan Abstract We utilized eight talking circles to elicit American Indian views of smoking on a U.S. reservation. We report on (1) the historical context of tobacco use among Ojibwe Indians; (2) risk factors that facilitate use: peer/parental smoking, acceptability/ availability of cigarettes; (3) cessation efforts/ inhibiting factors for cessation: smoking while pregnant, smoking to reduce stress , beliefs that cessation leads to debilitating withdrawals; and (4) protective factors that inhibit smoking initiation/ use: negative health effects of smoking, parental and familial smoking behaviors, encouragement from youth to quit smoking, positive health benefits, “cold turkey” quitting, prohibition of smoking in tribal buildings/homes. Smoking is prevalent, but protective behaviors are evident and can assist in designing culturally sensitive prevention, intervention and cessation programs. Key Words American Indians • Native Americans • Indigenous • tobacco • smoking • community based research Acknowledgments We would like to say thank you (Miigwetch) to all tribal members for their willingness to share their stories and work with us, and in particular, the Research Associate and Observer (Chi-Miigwetch). This investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health under Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award T32 DA007267 via the University of Michigan Substance Abuse Research Center (UMSARC). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or UMSARC.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax, Price and Cigarette Smoking
    i62 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i62 on 1 March 2002. Downloaded from Tax, price and cigarette smoking: evidence from the tobacco documents and implications for tobacco company marketing strategies F J Chaloupka, K M Cummings, CP Morley, JK Horan ............................................................................................................................. Tobacco Control 2002;11(Suppl I):i62–i72 Objective: To examine tobacco company documents to determine what the companies knew about the impact of cigarette prices on smoking among youth, young adults, and adults, and to evaluate how this understanding affected their pricing and price related marketing strategies. Methods: Data for this study come from tobacco industry documents contained in the Youth and Marketing database created by the Roswell Park Cancer Institute and available through http:// roswell.tobaccodocuments.org, supplemented with documents obtained from http://www. See end of article for tobaccodocuments.org. authors’ affiliations Results: Tobacco company documents provide clear evidence on the impact of cigarette prices on ....................... cigarette smoking, describing how tax related and other price increases lead to significant reductions in smoking, particularly among young persons. This information was very important in developing the Correspondence to: F J Chaloupka, Department industry’s pricing strategies, including the development of lower price branded generics and the pass of Economics (m/c 144), through of cigarette excise tax increases, and in developing a variety of price related marketing efforts, University of Illinois at including multi-pack discounts, couponing, and others. Chicago, 601 South Conclusions: Pricing and price related promotions are among the most important marketing tools Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7121, USA; employed by tobacco companies.
    [Show full text]
  • Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) Is the First Treaty Negotiated Under the Auspices of the World Health Organization
    World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland WHO FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL World Health Organization WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. 1.Tobacco - supply and distribution 2.Tobacco industry - legislation 3.Tobacco smoke pollution - prevention and control 4.Tobacco use cessation 5.Treaties I.World Health Organization. ISBN 92 4 159101 3 (LC/NLM classification: HD 9130.6) © World Health Organization 2003, updated reprint 2004, 2005 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs: 2014
    Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs 2014 Suggested Citation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs — 2014. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014. Ordering Information To download or order copies of this report, go to www.cdc.gov/tobacco or to order single copies, call toll-free 1 (800) CDC-INFO 1 (800) 232-4636 Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs 2014 The following individuals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health (OSH), were primary contributors to the preparation of this publication: Brian King, PhD, MPH Terry Pechacek, PhD Peter Mariolis, PhD The following OSH staff also contributed to the preparation of this publication: Judy Ahearn, BS; Stephen Babb, MPH; Diane Beistle, BA; Rebecca Bunnell, PhD; Ralph Caraballo, PhD; Shanta Dube, PhD, MPH; Monica Eischen, BS; Jami Fraze, PhD; Erika Fulmer, MHA; Bridgette Garrett, PhD, MS; Karen Gutierrez, BA; Carissa Holmes, MPH; David Homa, PhD, MPH; Brandon Kenemer, MPH; Rene Lavinghouze, MA; Allison MacNeil, MPH; Ann Malarcher, PhD, MSPH; Kristy Marynak, MPP; Timothy A. McAfee, MD, MPH; Sarah O’Leary, MPH, MA; Gabbi Promoff, MA; Robert Rodes, MS, MBA, MEd; Patti Seikus, MPH; Shawna Shields, MPH; Kisha Smith, MPH; Karla S. Sneegas, MPH; Xin Xu, PhD; and Lei Zhang, PhD. OSH also gratefully acknowledges the contributions provided by the following individuals: David Abrams, PhD, Legacy; Rob Adsit, MEd, University of Wisconsin; Linda Bailey, MHS, JD, North American Quitline Consortium; Cathy Callaway, BS, American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network; Jennifer Cantrell, DrPH, MPA, Legacy; Thomas Carr, BA, American Lung Association; Julia Cartwright, BA, Legacy; Frank Chaloupka, PhD, University of Illinois–Chicago; K.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Control
    TOBACCO CONTROL Playbook World Health Organization ABSTRACT Tobacco control is difficult and complex and obstructed by the tactics of the tobacco industry and its allies to oppose effective tobacco control measures. This document was developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe by collecting numerous evidence-based arguments from different thematic areas, reflecting the challenges that tobacco control leaders have faced while implementing various articles of the WHO FCTC and highlighting arguments they have developed in order to counter and succeed against the tobacco industry. KEY WORDS TOBACCO CONTROL WHO FCTC HEALTH EFFECTS TOBACCO INDUSTRY ARGUMENTS © World Health Organization 2019 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry and Toxicology Dietrich Hoffmann and Ilse Hoffmann
    Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 9 Chemistry and Toxicology Dietrich Hoffmann and Ilse Hoffmann HISTORICAL Early information on the smoking of cigars originates from artifacts of NOTES the Mayas of the Yucatan region of Mexico. Smoking of tobacco was part of the religious rituals and political gatherings of the natives of the Yucatan peninsula as shown in the artwork on a pottery vessel from the 10th century (Figure 1) where a Maya smokes a string-tied cigar (Kingsborough, 1825). Five hundred years later, in 1492, when Christopher Columbus landed in America, he was presented with dried leaves of tobacco by the House of Arawaks. Columbus and his crew were thus the first Europeans who became acquainted with tobacco smoking. Early in the 16th century, Cortez confirmed that tobacco smoking was practiced by the Aztecs in Mexico. In addition, tobacco was grown in Cuba, Haiti, several of the West Indian Islands, and on the East coast of North America from Florida to Virginia (Tso, 1990). The Mayan verb sikar, meaning to “smoke,” became the Spanish noun cigarro. The form of cigar Columbus had first encountered was a long, thick bundle of twisted tobacco leaves wrapped in dried leaves of palm or maize. In 1541, the Cuban cigar appeared in Spain. The first person known to have grown tobacco in Europe was Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal. He introduced tobacco and tobacco smoke at the royal court of Paris, where Catherine de Medici and her son, King Charles IX, used it to treat migraine headaches (Jeffers and Gordon, 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Cigars, Little Cigars, and 3
    the truth about little cigars, cigarillos & cigars BACKGROUND • Cigars are defined in the United States (U.S.) tax code as “any roll of tobacco wrapped in leaf tobacco or in any substance containing tobacco” that does not meet the definition of a cigarette.1 • However, despite those definitions, cigars are a heterogeneous product category, with at least three major cigar products—little cigars, cigarillos and large cigars.2 • Little Cigars (aka small cigars) weigh less than 3 lbs/1000 and resemble cigarettes.3 Cigarettes are wrapped in white paper, CIGARETTE while little cigars are wrapped in brown paper that contains some tobacco leaf. Generally, little cigars have a filter like a LITTLE CIGAR cigarette.4 • Cigarillos weigh more than 3 lbs/1000 and are classified as “large” cigars by federal tax code.2 Cigarillos are longer, slimmer versions of large cigars. Cigarillos do not CIGARILLO (TIPPED AND UNTIPPED) usually have a filter, but sometimes have wood or plastic tips.2 • Traditional (aka large cigars) weigh more than 3 pounds/10002 and are also referred CIGAR to as “stogies.” • Little cigars, cigarillos, and large cigars are offered in a variety of flavors including candy and fruit flavors such as sour apple, cherry, grape, chocolate and menthol.5,6 • Until recently, cigars were not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, in May 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) finalized its “deeming” regulation, extending its authority to little cigars, cigarillos, and premium cigars, as well as to components and parts such as rolling papers and filters. This authority does not extend to accessories such as lighters and cutters.7 This means that FDA can now issue product standards to make all cigars less appealing, toxic and addictive, and it can issue marketing restrictions like those in place for cigarettes, in order to keep cigars out of the hands of kids.
    [Show full text]
  • How Tobacco Companies Fight Tobacco Control
    HOW TOBACCO COMPANIES FIGHT TOBACCO CONTROL …Tobacco use is unlike other threats to global health. Infectious diseases do not employ multinational public relations firms. There are no front groups to promote the spread of cholera. Mosquitoes have no lobbyists. —Thomas Zeltner, MD, David A. Kessler, MD, Anke Martiny, PhD, Fazel Randera, MD 1 The tobacco companies are among the world’s most sophisticated and successful marketers. They spend billions of dollars to promote their deadly products, prevent governments from protecting their people and mislead tobacco users and potential tobacco users regardless of the impact on public health. Tobacco use kills about five million people in the world each year and is set to kill one billion people this century. 2 The tools exist to reduce tobacco use and the number of people who die from tobacco use. Increased tobacco taxes, smoke-free workplace laws, mass media campaigns, tobacco advertising bans, and large, graphic warning labels have been proven to work when implemented and are endorsed by the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The tobacco companies recognize the impact of these approaches and actively fight against these efforts because they curb their sales. Time and time again they have used their resources to kill these policies, water them down when they cannot stop them altogether, and undermine their enforcement when they are passed. Their efforts take many forms. That is why governments should curtail tobacco companies’ involvement in public health policy. Article 5.3 of the FCTC obligates Parties to “protect these [public health] policies from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry.” World Health Assembly resolution 54.18, the FCTC preamble and FCTC articles 12(e) and 20.4(c) provide governments with the support of the international community to stand up to interference from the tobacco industry.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Tobacco Control 2021” Evaluating States on Whether They Have Prohibited the Sale of All Flavored Tobacco Products
    2 Lung.org American Lung Association “State of Tobacco Control” 2021 “State of Tobacco Control” 2021: Preventing and Reducing Tobacco Use During the Time of COVID-19 The 19th annual American Lung Association “State of Tobacco Control” report evaluates states and the federal government on actions taken to eliminate the nation’s leading cause of preventable death—tobacco use—and save lives with proven-effective and urgently needed tobacco control laws and policies. The COVID-19 pandemic was clearly the main story of 2020, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths and disrupting the lives of everyone in the country. The U.S. Surgeon General has conclusively linked smoking to suppression of the immune system, and smoking increases the risk for severe illness from COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). With the threat of COVID-19 in addition to the numerous tobacco-caused diseases, it is imperative to prevent youth from starting to use tobacco and to help everyone quit. Much like how COVID-19 has a disproportionate impact on certain communities, especially communities of color, so does tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke. Menthol cigarettes remain a key vector for tobacco-related death and disease in Black communities, with over 80% of Black Americans who smoke using them. Menthol cigarette use is Menthol in cigarettes plays also elevated among LGBTQ+ Americans, pregnant women and persons a significant role in youth with lower incomes. A recent study showed that while overall cigarette use declined by 26% over the past decade, 91% of that decline was becoming addicted to due to non-menthol cigarettes.1 This underscores what an FDA scientific cigarettes, masking the harsh advisory committee already found:2 menthol cigarettes are hard to quit, and taste of tobacco smoke and disproportionately affects Black communities.3 In addition, secondhand making the smoke easier to smoke exposure also occurs most often in hospitality establishments such as bars and casinos where people from Black and Brown communities more inhale.
    [Show full text]
  • Leech Lake Organizes Local Tobacco Advisory Councils
    Aanji Aadizookaanag - Change Stories Community-led Tobacco Policy Successes in Native Nations Leech Lake Organizes Local Tobacco Advisory Councils The Community CHANGE winter. All of the elders understand that, they’ve People arrived at the Bena community center on the been through it. They told me several years ago, morning of March 7, 2011, from villages around the there’s no hurry, there’s a right time for everything. Leech Lake Nation. But the people weren’t And we’ll get there. So I think the non Native gathering for the usual powwow, not a sporting timetable placed on the Natives and then another event or a community feast. Instead, they came for Native tries to place it on another Native, I think a two-day training in diverse community based that’s part of that oppression because we don’t live tactics – tobacco policy, media, community that way.” organizing – tactics that would help them stop the harms to their people caused by commercial tobacco. Tribal Tobacco Education and Policy (TTEP) Coordinator Spencer Shotley welcomed them to an event that represented the fruits of two years of effort. Spencer had used knowledge of his own tribal community, and skills he had learned from training and technical assistance, to patiently and respectfully bring dozens of people from five villages into the work on tobacco issues at Leech Lake. Process of creating CHANGE Leech Lake is a Nation of Ojibwe living around the 3rd largest lake in Minnesota. A majority of Leech Youth Director Gary Charwood, and TTEP Coordinator Spencer Shotley at the tobacco booth at a local powwow.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Tobacco Education & Policy
    Tribal Tobacco Education & Policy Findings from an advocacy initiative in Indian Country ClearWay MinnesotaSM works to promote health and reduce the harm of commercial tobacco in Minnesota’s American Indian communities, in partnership with tribal Nations, the Minneso- ta Department of Health and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota. In Minnesota, 59 per- cent of American Indian adults are current smokers (compared to 16 percent of all Minnesota adults).1,2 Further, 71 percent of American Indian adults in Minnesota are exposed to secondhand smoke at community locations on a regular basis (compared to 34 percent of all Minnesota adults).1,2 In 2008, ClearWay Minnesota launched the Tribal Tobacco Education and Policy (TTEP) initia- tive to provide resources and assistance to five tribal Nations to address commercial tobacco through policy and advocacy approaches. The goals of this initiative are to: Community 1. Educate American Indians about the health dangers of commercial tobacco use and Change Stories secondhand smoke. 2. Advance commercial tobacco-free tribal policies on tribal lands. White Earth Tribal Building Smoke-Free Buffer Zone Evaluation Background White Earth Smoke-Free Given the innovative nature of the TTEP initiative, ClearWay Minnesota recognized the im- Policy at Casino portance of a culturally-relevant, collaborative evaluation approach. An external evaluator worked with TTEP coordinators in a team approach to develop indicators of success for tobac- White Earth Cessation co advocacy work in tribal communities, recognizing that context is critical for advocacy evalu- Systems Change ation. The evaluation focused on a “co-learning” approach with annual discussions as a partici- patory method to better understand how advocacy took shape (e.g., activity, strategy, focus) Bois Forte Tribal and what successes and obstacles TTEP coordinators encountered.
    [Show full text]