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AUTHOR Maxey, Gale E. TITLE Elementary Music Course of Study K-8. A Guide for Excellence in Music Education. INSTITUTION Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. PUB DATE 1994-07-00 NOTE 88p.; Printed on colored paper. AVAILABLE FROM Idaho Department of Education, P.O. Box 83720, Boise, Idaho 83720-0027. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Elementary Education; *Elementary School Curriculum; *Music; *Music Education; State Curriculum Guides; State Standards IDENTIFIERS *Idaho

ABSTRACT This guide outlines content requirements needed to satisfy K-8 proficiency expectations in music in Idaho. Local school districts are to produce an instructional guide based upon the defined course of study. The brief outlines are in skeletal form allowing local autonomy in teaching the course of study. This publication includes basic goals and objectives of a music program for Idaho elementary schools. Each section (by grade level) addresses study in:(1) language and structure of music;(2) skills in performing, creating, and listening to music;(3) heritage and history of music; and (4) appreciation and evaluation.(EH)

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS CENTER (ERIC) OrThis document has been reproduced as BEEN GRANTED BY received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to &VA A)S improve reproduction quality.

Points of view or opinions stated in this TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES document do not necessarily represent INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) official OERI position or policy.

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00 O guidefor caceirencein ci) eclucatIon

JERRY L. EVANS STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION

BOOSE, ODANO

9 ID 0 ELEME Y USIC

COURSE OF STUDY

K-8

Gale E. Maxey

Fine Arts Consultant Idaho State Department of Education Len B. Jordan Office Building

Fourth Reprint July 1994

DARRELL K. LOOSLE JERRY L EVANS Associate State Superintendent State Superintendent Division of State-Federal of Public Instruction Instructional Services State Department of Education P.O. Box 83720 Boise, Idaho 83720-0027 FAX 208-334-2228

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

State Board of Education ii Forward iii Preface Elementary Music Committee iv Acknowledgements

PART I

Statement of Philosophy and Purpose vi

PART II Color Code

1 Kindergarten Dark Pink 7 First Grade Purple 15 Second Grade Pink 23 Third Grade Goldenrod 31 Fourth Grade Buff 39 Fifth Grade Yellow 47 Sixth Grade Salmon 55 Seventh-Eighth Grade Green

PART III

Scope and Sequence 61 Appendix A (Condensed Glossary) 71 73 Appendix B (General Glossary) 79 Appendix C (Resource Materials) Appendix D (State Songs) 81 IDAHO ELEMENTARY MUSIC COURSE OF STUDY K-8

Approved

1988

by the Idaho State Board of Education

MEMBERS

IDAHO STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

George Alvarez, President Boise Gary G. Fay, Vice President Twin Falls J. Ray Cox, Secretary Hayden Lake Diane Bilyeu, Member Pocatello Roberta Fields, Member New Meadows Charles M. "Tiny" Grant, Member Rexburg Colleen Mahoney, Member Lewiston Jerry L. Evans, Ex-Officio Member Boise FOREWORD

During the 1987-88 schoolyear, atwelve member curriculum committee was Music Course of Study, K-8. assembled to write the Idaho Elementary administrators and Elementary music teachers, classroom teachers, school college personnel, under theguidance of the State Departmentof Education, worked together to design andwrite the K-8 guide. Resources from various states, as well as input fromlocal school districts, were used in writing Idaho's guide.

This course of study guide hasbeen designedto helpteachers establish music curriculums and to assistin continuity intheir elementary school formulating realistic goals forthemselves and their students.. it as a basic It is recommended that allIdaho public school districts utilize is the responsibility of thelocal boards, administrators, and resource. It the teachers to ensure that their programsof music instruction follow, at minimum, the State guide. If used I commend each person whoparticipated in the writing of thisguide. it should serve the as a basic resourcefor the development of local guides, public schools well and ensurequality music instruction for Idahostudents.

At _, a ry L. E fans State Superintendent of Public Instruction

ii PREFACE

delineate content requirements The purpose of this courseof study guide is to Music. The State Department needed to satisfy K-8proficiency expectations in with the Elementary MusicCurriculum Committee, has of Education, in concert It now becomes the defined and set forth this courseof study for grades K-8. instructional guide responsibility of the localschool district to produce an based upon the defined courseof study. of study Although educators sometimes usethe terms interchangeably, a course To compare the two as usedin is not an instructional orcurriculum guide. this document, thefollowing may be helpful: INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE COURSE OF STUDY Describes how the given sub- Prescribes what is to betaught 1. 1. ject or program may be in a given subject orprogram. taught.

Makes suggestions as to Defines the subject or program 2. 2. instructional aides, mater- in terms of purpose,definition, student goals and objectives. ials, learning experiences, and methods of teaching.

Is revised, adapted, changed Can be changed only byaction of 3. 3. as needed at thediscretion the State Board of Education. of school educators.

outlines in skeletal form. study will generally be brief Courses of and supplement courses of Instructional guides shouldbe developed to augment study. administrators to place this The State Departmentof Education encourages in grades K-8. course of studywith educators who teach music need to provide In order to fully utilizethis course of study, districts may Education can in-service assistance to theirstaffs. The State Department of assist in meeting thisneed.

iii ELEMENTARY MUSIC COMMITTEE

people for their dedication Grateful appreciation isextended to the following in writing this guide. Without their expertise and and professional expertise in Idaho, this projectcould desire to improve thequality of music education not have beencompleted. Bert Burda Betty Aschenbrenner Elementary Music Consultant Music Consultant Committee Chair Boise Public Schools State Department of Education Boise, Idaho Boise, Idaho

Cheryl Frazier Evelyn Cairns Elementary Education Consultant Music Instructor Meridian Middle School State Department ofEducation Meridian, Idaho Boise, Idaho Joy Hummer Duane Harrison Elementary Music Teacher Principal Council Elementary School Butte View ElementarySchool Council, Idaho Emmett, Idaho Virginia Neal Melissa Kleinert Elementary Music MethodsInstructor Classroom Teacher Valley View Elementary School Lionel Hampton School ofMusic Boise, Idaho Moscow, Idaho Jerry Shively Dr. Michon Rozmajzl Coordinator of Music and Art Associate Professor Idaho Falls School District Music Department Idaho Falls, Idaho David Weeks Teddy Snow Elementary Music Teacher. Elementary Music Teacher Lakeland Public Schools Twin Falls Public Schools Rathdrum, Idaho Twin Falls, Idaho

Elementary Music thanks go toDuaneHarrison, a member of the Special Idaho State Committee, for his cover design;and to Susan Oehler, Secretary, hard work intyping this DepartmentofEducation, forher patience and document.

iv 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS for permission to use their Grateful acknowledgementis made to the following Study, K-8: material in the IdahoElementary Music Course of

Iowa Iowa State Departmentof Education, Des Moines, Material taken from: A Guide to Curriculumin the Arts - Music Patricia Sink,Pamela Gross,Mark Authors: Judith Svengalis,Laura Magee, Lehman, Francis Robinson,Guy Blair Minnesota Minnesota State Departmentof Education, St. Paul, Material taken from: Some Essential LearnerOutcomes in Music Education

Oregon State Departmentof Education, Salem, Material taken from: Grades 1-6 Self Evaluation Checklistfor Elementary Music, Columbia, South Carolina South Carolina StateDepartment of Education, Material taken from: The South Carolina Frameworkfor Music Education Utah Utah State Department ofEducation, ,. Material taken from: A Course of Study forVocal and General Music inUtah

Music Educators NationalConference, Reston, Virginia Material taken from: The School Music Program: Description and Standards

9 PHILOSOPHY AND PURPOSE

Human beings use the languageof music to transcend the mundaneand make life events and activities memorable. ErnestBoyer, President of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement ofTeaching,emphasized this power of the language of music when he wrote: "Verballanguage skill was not the only development of early civilizations. There were human experiences that could For the not be captured by the soundsand visual impressions we callwords. most intimate, most profoundlymoving universalexperiences, they created a the more subtle, more sensitiveset of symbols a 'richer language wecall the arts. Music,dance,and the visualarts transmitted most effectively joys and heritage of a people and expressedmost profoundly the deepest human sorrows."

To fully develop thecapacity toappreciate,understand, or express the language of music, it is vital thatall children begin their experience with Such a it in a quality program of instructionat the elementary level. students (1) gain program should becomprehensive in nature, designed to help develop skills in an understanding ofthe language and structure of music, (2) performing, creating and listening tomusic,(3) brbaden their understanding of of mankind's music heritage, and (4)deepen their appreciation and valuing music.

The publication, IDAHO ELEMENTARYMUSIC COURSE OF STUDY, K-8, includes basic in the goalsand objectives of a music programdesigned tofoster growth Idaho school program described above. It is hoped, that its use by administrators and teachers will assist inproducing graduates who: (1) are able to make music, alone and withothers, (2) are able to improvise and (4) create music,(3) are able to use the vocabularyand notation of music, are able to respond tomusic aesthetically, intellectually,and emotionally, (5) are acquainted with a wide varietyof music, (6) understand the role music has played and continues to play inthe lives of human beings, (7) are able to make aesthetic judgments based oncritical listening and analysis, (8) have developed a commitment to music, and (9) areable to continue their musical development independently. a vehicle to Above all, it is hoped that the publication willbe used as enhance the lives of Idaho elementary-agechildren by instilling in them a genuine love and appreciation for the artof music.

viio Grade K of Music I. Language and Structure the elements of music, Students willperceive and understand Goal: Tempo-Dynamics, Form, and including Rhythm, Melody, Harmony, Timbre. and understand featuresof Rhythm. A. Students will perceive

Objectives Students will

steady beat in environmental 1. identify and describe sounds, such as a clockticking. beat through such activities aspatting, 2. move to a steady tapping, and walking. long and short soundsthrough a 3. identify and respond to variety of movements.

and understand featuresof Melody. B. Students will perceive

Objectives Students will speaking and singing voices. 1. distinguish between their ability to sing, in tune, songshaving a 2. grow in their narrow range. of folk and composed songs. 3. sing from memory a variety pitches through a varietyof 4. explore high and low mediums. betweensmooth melodies and 5. demonstrate the difference disconnected melodies.

understand features of Harmony. C. Students will perceive and

Objectives Students will concentrate on two things at 1. demonstrate an ability to and clappingor oncebysuch activities as singing singing and stepping. being accompanied by theteacher. 2. sing a melody while

and understand features of D. Students will perceive Tempo-Dynamics.

Objectives Students will

and slow tempo. 1. demonstrate an awareness of fast soft sounds. 2. distinguish between loud and of Form. E. Students will perceive and understand features

Objective Students will

1. develop a general awareness of musical structurethrough a wide variety of musicalexperiences.

features of Timbre. F. Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will of sound that a I. experiment with the different qualities single object can produce. another. 2. distinguish one sound-producing source from

Listening to Music. II Skills in Performing, Creating, and Creating, and Goal: Students will develop skills in Performing, Listening to Music.

A. Students will develop skills in Singing.

Objectives Students will

through such I. explore high and low voice registers activities as imitating a siren. 2. grow in ability to singin tune a variety of songs. loud-soft and 3. demonstrate the difference between fast-slow when chanting and singing. through a 4. develop their awareness of musical structure variety of singing activities, such ascall and response songs andantiphonalsongs (dividingthesong between teacher and the class).

B. Students will develop skills in Playing.

Objectives Students will of rhythm I. demonstrate sensitivity to beat through use instruments. and loud-soft 2. demonstrate understandingof long-short through the use of appropriate classroominstruments. exploring 3. demonstrate an understandingof high-low by sounds on melody instruments. disconnected sounds 4. demonstrate a knowledge of smooth and by playing examples on melody instruments. 5. show increasing ability to playboth beats and rhythm patterns of fast and slow songsand chants on classroom instruments. quality of a variety of sound 6. experiment with the sound sourcesand classroom sources, including environmental instruments.

in Moving. C. Students will develop skills

Objectives Students will by theteacher on a 1 move to a steady beat produced percussion instrument. using appropriate body 2. move to long-short sounds movements and locomotor activitiessuch as walking versus running. and identify melodic direction 3. interpret high-low sounds through bodily movement. 4. move to smooth anddisconnected melodic phrases. experiences by moving rhythmicallyin 5. prepare for harmony different ways while singing. loud-soft chants andmusic 6. respond tofast-slow and through a variety of movements. in musical 7. experience form through participation activities which have bodilymovements that highlight the structure.

in Reading and Writing. D. Students will develop skills

Objective Students will

and lowsoundsby 1. demonstrate an awarenessof high interpreting rising and fallinglines of melodic contour.

Creating. E Students will develop skills in

Objectives Students will showina steady beat with the 1. explore different ways of body. showing long and short sounds. 2. explore different ways of low sounds and to the rise 3. Move creatively to high and and fall of a melodic line. 4. create smooth and disconnectedmovements. fast-slow and loud-soft through 5. develop understanding of creative activities involvingsinging, playing, moving, and pantomime. F Students will develop skills in Listening.

Objectives Students will

1. discover and demonstrate the beat as heard in recorded music of different styles. 2. be exposed to recorded music of children's voices from a similar age group. 3. have repeated opportunities to hear expressive singing by the teacher or other adult singer. 4. be exposed to listening examples containing fast-slow and loud-soft components. 5. listen to music having harmonic accompaniment. 6. distinguish between the sound qualities of different sound sources.

III. Heritage and History of Music

Goal: Students will gain an understanding of mankind's rich heritage of music and its development throughout history.

A. Students will gainan understanding of our national music heritage.

Objectives Students will

1. sing and performsinginggames anddances which are representative of our country's folk heritage and culture. 2. be exposed to Native American music.

B. Students willgain anunderstanding of the music of many historical periods and cultures.

Objectives Students will

I. becomeaware of music from various cultures(example: Irish songs for St. Patrick's Day). 2. recognize that music can belong to a different time.

C. Students will gain an understanding of the relationship of music to other areas of the arts and humanities. Objective Students will arts, dance, stories, and 1. interpret music through visual drama.

of common musical D. Students will gain an understanding structures, small and large.

Objective Students will structures such as 1. develop some familiarity withsmall songs, dances, games,marches, and lullabies.

of the different purposes E. Students will gain an understanding for which music is created andhow that will affect its style and form.

Objectives Students will a certain lifestyle 1. become aware of how music reflects through work, play, and emotion(example: cowboy songs, farm songs). musical sounds of 2. become aware of the contrasting classical, popular, and .

IV. Appreciation and Evaluation. enjoyment, and discrimination Goal: Students will grow in appreciation, of music. the feelings A. Students willfind enjoyment in responding to music can evoke.

Objective Students will

1. be aware of happy and sad songs.

for excellence in B. Studentswill develop an appreciation performance.

5 15 Objectives Students will

1. determine if the musicians enjoyed performing. 2. listen to quality performances by children's choirs. 3. work to develop beauty and clarity of their own sound.

C. Students will gain an understanding of musical careers.

Objectives Students will

1. become aware of music as a life vocation and that musicianswork as do carpenters, doctors, lawyers, teachers, etc.

D. Students will seek out additional performing andlistening opportunities.

Objectives Students will

1. be made aware of quality musical programs on television. 2. be made aware of quality recording, song collections,and arts programs for children.

E. Students will exhibit proper and appreciative audience behavior.

Objectives Students will

1. not talk during a concert. 2. sit in one place during an entire concert. 3. will clap at the appropriate time, length,and dynamic level.

F. Students will evaluate individual and group performancesand defend judgments in musical terms.

Objective Students will

1. describe a performance in their own words. Grade 1

of Music I. Language and Structure the Elements ofMusic, Students willperceive and understand Goal: Tempo-Dynamics, Form and including Rhythm, Melody, Harmony, Timbre. and understand featuresof Rhythm. A. Students will perceive

Objectives Students will

define and distinguishbetween beat and rhythm. 1. short sounds and onelong sound 2. distinguish between two within 2/4 meter. , etc. identify and respond to el 9 3. accent or stress as adevice for 4. define and experience grouping strong and weakbeats. be used to create measures 5. understand that barlines can containing a strong 4nd aweak beat. or to designate the groupingof 6. use a symbol-a. or two beats per measure.

and understand featuresof Melody. B. Students will perceive

Objectives Students will difference between high andlow 1. identify and describe the sounds in a variety ofmediums. understanding of the pitchesSo, Mi, 2. demonstrate their and La. skip, and repetition. 3. identify intervals by step,

understand features of Harmony. C. Students will perceive and

Objectives Students will to concentrate on twothings at 1. grow in theirability once in preparationfor harmony activities. two-part speech exercises, 2. develop the ability to perform including chants with accompanyingostinati patterns, and spoken rounds. provide harmonic accompaniment, 3. identify instruments that such as piano, autoharp, andguitar.

1'7

7 D. Students will perceive and understand features of Tempo-Dynamics.

Objectives Students will

1. distinguish between getting faster and getting slower. 2. distinguish between getting louder (' )and getting softer( >').

E. Students will perceive and understand features of Form.

Objectives Students will

1. identify where phrases begin and end in a simple song. 2. identify phrases as being the same or different. 3. recognize two-part sectional form: AB 4. participate in two-part spoken rounds. 5. perform correctly music containing a repeat symbol (gll ).

F. Students will perceive and understand features of Timbre.

Objectives Students will

1. experimentwith a varietyofbody sounds, such as clapping, snapping, and mouth sounds. 2. experiment with "found sounds" in their environment. 3. distinguish between adult and children's voices. 4. distinguish between soprano and bass voices. 5. identify by sight and sound traditional classroom rhythm instruments. 6. identify by sight and sound familiar orchestra instruments,such as the violin,flute, trumpet, snare drum, and bass drum.

II. Skills in Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music

Goals: Students will develop skills in Performing, Creating and Listening to Music.

A. Students will develop skills in Singing

Objectives Students will

1. verbalize and demonstrate where one longor twoshort sounds occur when singing the words of a song or chanting word rhythms. A . sing songs containingthe rhythmic concepts 2. of where the accent orstress 3. demonstrate an awareness occurs in duplemeter, when singing orchanting. to sing on pitch, using avoice that 4. grow in the ability strain within a is natural and produced without comfortable range. and low sounds. 5. sing songs having high patterns and songs containing 6. sing a variety of melodic So, Mi, and La. teacher accompanies them ona 7. sing a melody while the harmonic instrument. increase and decrease in tempo 8. sing songs that gradually and dynamics. defined phrases. 9. sing songs having clearly 10. chant two-part spokenrounds. simple repeat sign(gll ). 11. sing songs containing a

in Playing. B. Students will develop skills

Objectives Students will of the difference between 1. demonstrate an understanding beat and rhythm by_performing on aclassroom instrument. ) soundsin duple 2. perform short( JD )and long( J meter on classroominstruments. in duplemeterthrough 3. experience accent orstress playing classroom instruments. high and low sounds. 4. play melodic patterns demonstrating 5. play simple So-Mi melodicpatterns. of step, skip, and 6. demonstrate an understanding repetition by playing examples on amelodic instrument. to well-known songs. 7. play simple ostinato patterns of getting faster/slower 8. demonstrate their understanding and getting louder/softer byperforming these concepts on classroom instruments. and different phrases by 9. show an understanding of same accompanying on like instrumentsphrases that are the that are same, butchanging instruments forphrases different.

C. Students will develop skills inMoving.

Objectives Students will difference between rhythm 1. experience through movement the and beat. duple meter. 2. move creatively toshort and long sounds in the accent is placed 3. demonstrate through movement where in duple meter. to demonstrate the 4. use appropriate body movements

-9 difference between high and low sounds. 5. move appropriately to demonstrate steps, skips, and repetitions. 6. useappropriate movements to accompany two-part spoken rounds. 7. move appropriately to demonstrate gettingfaster/slower and getting louder/softer. 8. use appropriate movements to show where onephrase ends and another begins. 9. use like movements for phrases that arethe same, but change movements for phrases that are different. 10. move creatively to show the changeof mood between the A and B sections in two-part form.

D. Students will develop skills in Reading and Writing.

Objectives Students will

1. read icons and symbols representing silence ( ) and long andshortsounds inrelation tothe beat. For example:

icons 11. 6 a

J symbols J 01 Rain; rain, goen a- way

2. place the accent symbol and barlines in the proper places in a 2/4 meter. 3. read and place icons to show the difference betweenhigh and low sounds. For example: (6)

C6) Rain rain go a- way

4. read and write patterns and melodies containing So, Mi, and La. 5. use handsigns to reinforce theirreading of So, Mi, La. 6. identify So, Mi, La intervals as steps, skips, or repetition. 7. read and write the symbols< ands> . 8. designate phrases that are the same or different through use of pictures and icons. For example:

20 10- Different Same Same Different

pictures: Zly -O-

icons: A A = (::11) 9. write the repeat symbolcorrectly.

in Creating. E. Students will develop skills

Objectives Students will

phrasesusing j , , 1. create theirown rhythmic in 2/4 meter. low sounds using their voices 2. experiment with high and and classroom instruments. containing So, Mi, and La. 3. create their own melodies patterns to demonstrate 4. create rhythmic and melodic getting louder/softer and gettingfaster/slower. sameanddifferent 5. createtheir ownmelodieshaving phrases. sounds, environmental 6. create sound piecesusingbody sounds, and simple classroominstruments.

in Listening. F. Students will develop skills

Objectives Students will

) and long ( ) and 1. distinguish between silence ( J short ( fl )sounds in listening experiences. during listening activities. 2. identify high and low sounds simple music. 3. identify So, Mi, and La in 4. identify steps, skips, andrepetitions. containing harmony. 5. experience a variety of music faster/slower and 6. identify the concepts of getting getting louder/softer through a varietyof listening experiences. having clearly defined 7. listen to many examples of music phrase structure. and the B section 8. recognizewhen the Asection ends recorded begins in a variety of simple, two-part compositions. flute, trumpet, snare 9. recognize the sound of a violin, drum, piano and guitar when heard onrecordings having clearly defined examples. both adult and 10. listen to examples of music containing children's voices. and basses. 11. listen to a variety of songs sung by sopranos III. Heritage and History of Music

Goal: Students will gain an understanding of mankind's rich heritage of music and its development throughout history.

A. Students will gain an understanding of our nationalmusic heritage.

Objectives Students will

I. sing and perform singing games and dances which represent our country's heritage and culture. 2. sing patriotic songs and songs associated withnational holidays and special celebrations.

B. Students willgainan understanding of the music of many historical periods and cultures.

Objectives Students will

1. singand perform singing gamesand dances fromother countries. 2. listen toand discuss music from different historical periods.

C. Students will gain an understanding of important composers and their music.

Objectives Students will

1. study the lives and music of several composers, appropriate to the age level; such as:

Prokofief "Peter and the Wolf" Saint-Saens "Carnival of the Animals" Copland "Billy the Kid" Bartok "From the Diary of a Fly"

D. Students will gain an understanding of the relationshipof music to other areas of the arts and humanities.

Objective Students will

1. experiment with a variety of sound sources to accompany stories, dances, dramas, and choral readings. ofcommon musical E. Students will gain an understanding structures, small and large.

Objective Students will

of small I. continue to develop their understanding structures, such as songs, marches, anddances.

of the different purposes F. Students will gain an understanding for which music is created and howthat will affect its style and form.

Objective Students will different life styles I. perform and discuss music used for and settings, such as play party songsand games.

IV. Appreciation and Evaluation and discrimination Goal: Students will grow in appreciation, enjoyment, of music.

A. Students willfind enjoymentin responding to the feelings music can evoke.

Objectives Students will

I. explore fast and slow, loud and soft, asthey affect the mood of a composition. 2. listen to music having a variety of moods.

in B. Students will develop an appreciation for excellence performance.

Objectives Students will

I. develop beauty and clarity of their own sound. 2. listen to quality examples of children's choirs.

C. Students will gain an understanding of musical careers.

Objective Students will 1. be aware of music as a career, especially the careers of singers and dancers.

D. Students willseek out additional performing andlistening opportunities.

Objective Students will

1. be made aware of quality musical programs on television. 2. be encouraged to purchase music recordings and books, and to attend area arts performances.

E. Students will exhibit proper and appreciative audience behavior.

Objective Students will

1. sit as quietly as possible during a concert and not talk while the music is being performed.

F. Students will evaluate individual and group performances and defend judgments in musical terms.

Objectives Students will

1. describe a performance in their own words. 2. discuss how to improve their own performances. Grade 2

I Language and Structure of Music Elements of Music, Goal: Students willperceive and understand the Form, and including Rhythm, Melody, Harmony,Tempo-Dynamics, Timbre. understand features of Rhythm. A. Students will perceive and

Objectives Students will

, tied notes,Jrj S. I. identify and experienceJ 2. increase their facility to use2/4 meter.

features of Melody. B. Students will perceive and understand

Objective Students will

pentatonic scale - 1. demonstrate an understanding of the Do, Re, Mi, So, and La, and of"Do" clef;

IappolgaNI features of Harmony. C. Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will

1. experience harmony with simple two-partrounds. 2. use a simple ostinatowith well-known melodies.

features of D. Students will perceive and understand Tempo/Dynamics.

Objective Students will

1. express slow and fast,soft and loud in musical terms, such as largo, presto, piano (p), andforte (f). E. Students will perceive and understand features of Form.

Objectives Students will

I. distinguish between phrases that are the same and those that are different. 2. distinguish between two-part (AB)and three-part (ABA) forms. 3. participate in two-part spoken and sung rounds. 4. perform correctly asong having a first and a second ending.

F. Students will perceive and understand features of Timbre.

Objectives Students will

1. experiment with body sounds and "found sounds" from their environment. 2. distinguish betweensoprano and alto, tenor andbass voices. 3. identify by sight and sound traditional classroom rhythm and melody instruments. 4. identify by sight and soundthe string bass, tuba, bassoon, cymbals, and clarinet. 5. perform choral readings of favorite poems.

II Skills in Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music

Goals: Students will develop skills in performing, Creating and Listening to Music.

A. Students will develop skills in Singing.

Objectives Students will

I. be able to sing and chantcl >AIL, tied notes,1.1 tin 2/4 meter. 2. sing on pitch, using a voice that is natural and produced without strain within a comfortable range. 3. sing a variety ofsongs, including folk, patriotic, ethnic, and children's fun songs. 4. develop facility in singing different combinations of tonalpatterns containing Do, Re, Mi, So,and La within well-known songs and solfege exercises. 5. sing simple two-part rounds and ostinati to well-known songs. 6.' demonstrate their understanding of piano (p), forte (f), largo and presto when singing. 7. singa variety of songscontaining sameand different phrases. having first and second endings. 8. sing correctly songs 9. chant choral readings offavorite poems.

Playing. B. Students will develop skills in

Objectives Students will

tied notes,.1%1 Son a 1. be able to perform01'Jot. , variety of classroom instruments. 2's and 3's by clapping, 2. perform rhythmic patterns in stepping or playing rhythminstrumentsin echo to the teacher. Do, Re, Mi, So, and La on 3. play simple melodies containing melodic instruments. melodic instruments as 4. perform simple ostinati on accompaniments to well-known songs. to simple songs 5. play aharmonic instrument (autoharp) that have a two-chord accompaniment. (p), forte (f), 6. demonstrate an understanding ofpiano largoand presto throughtheirplaying of classroom instruments. show the difference 7. use appropriate instruments to between same and differentphrases. effects for 8. use instruments tocreate appropriate sound choral readings.

C Students will develop skillsin Moving.

Objectives Students will to the beat and 1. continue to refine their ability to move to explore ways of moving toc4 -MK_ tied notes, 1-1 show the rise and fall of 2. respond with body movements to melodies containing Do, Re, Mi, So,and La. 3. move in a variety ofsinging games. understanding of 4. express throughbody movement their piano/forte -- (tip-toe/stomp) and largo /presto -- (strolling /running). 5. usea variety of movementsto distinguish phrases that are the same from thosethat are different. understanding of AB and ABA 6. move creatively to show an sectional forms. two-part rounds. 7. use appropriate actions to accompany D. Students will develop skills in Reading and Writing.

Objectives Students will

1. be able to read and writeJ , MOO , tiednotes,ncrin 2/4 meter. 2. read and write patterns and melodies containing Do, Re, Mi, So, and La. 3. use hand signs to reinforce theirreading of Do, Re, Mi, So, and La.

4. develop facility in using the "Do" clef.

5. read when a chord change is necessary in simpletwo-chord songs. 6. interpret symbols for soft (p) and loud (f), largo and presto within music performed. 7. label soft with "p" and loud with "f", slow with"largo" and fast with "presto" when appropriate within a song. 8. designate phrases that are the same and different through use of letters: a, b, c, etc.; for example:

Same Same Different Different

a a b b

9. use letters to designate the formof two-part and three-part sectional compositions: AB and ABA.

E. Students will develop skills in Creating.

Objectives Students will

rhythmic 1. useJAIL , tied notes,n no create patterns which they can perform by clapping orplaying on classroom instruments. 2. create their own melodies with Do,Re,Mi, So,and La, using their voices or melodic instruments. 3. experiment with finding chordsthat could accompany a simple harmonic song. 4. create simple ostinati for well-known songs. 5. explore ways of using different dynamics and tempi when singing, playing, or moving. 6. create melodies having same and different phrases. 7. create their own rhythm rounds. 8. create soundpiecesusingbody sounds, environmental sounds, and simple classroom instruments. 9. arrange simple choral readings, usingfavorite poems and decide on appropriate sound effects using classroom instruments or other sound-producing sources. in Listening. F. Students will develop skills

Objectives Students will notes,a1Traurally, through 1. identify cj tern , tied listening experiences. 2's and 3'sin a 2. identify beat, accent,and meter in variety of music. that move by steps, skips, 3. aurally identify melodic lines or repetition. scale when it is sung or 4. recognize the Do, Re, Mi, So, La played on melodic instruments. changes when accompanying a 5. recognize the need for chord simple melody on a harmonicinstrument. occurring in simple music. 6. aurally identify chord changes dynamics or tempo heard 7. identify and describe a change in in listening exercises. music having clearly defined 8. listen to many examples of phrase structure. and ABA 9. listen to avariety of compositions using AB sectional forms. tuba, bassoon, 10. recognize the sound of a string bass, cymbals, and clarinet. by sopranos, altos, 11. listen toa variety of songs sung tenors, and basses.

III Heritage and History of Music of mankind's rich heritage of Goal: Students will gain .an understanding music and its developmentthroughout history. of our national music A. Students will gainan understanding heritage.

Objectives Students will

and dances which are 1. sing and performsinginggames representative of our country's heritageand culture. associated with national 2. sing patriotic songs and songs holidays and special celebrations in native American 3. discuss musical characteristics found music and other .

B. Studentswill gain an understanding of the music of many historical periods and cultures.

Objectives Students will from other 1. singand perform singing gamesand dances countries.

19- 2 9 2. discuss musical characteristics found in music from other countries. 3. listen to and discuss music from different historical periods.

C. Students will gain in understanding of important composers and their music.

Objectives Students will

1. study the lives and music of several composers appropriate to grade level, such as

Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker" Dukas' "Sorcerer's Apprentice" Grieg's - Peer-Gynts Suites" Schuman's "Scenes from Childhood" Copland's "Rodeo"

D. Students will gain an understanding of therelationship of music to the other areas of the arts andhumanities.

Objectives Students will

1. experiment with a variety of sound sourcesto accompany stories, dances, dramas, and choral readings. 2. become aware of principles and elements of musicwhich are also common to visual arts,dance, and poetry, such as repetition, contrast, rhythm,etc.

musical E. Students will gain an understanding of common structures, small and large.

Objective Students will

1. gain a simple awareness of the structureof an oratorio, asassociated with Handel's Messiah and ofballet,as associated with Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker".

F. Students will gain an understanding of thedifferent purposes for which music is created and how thatwill affect its style and form.

Objectives Students will 40 -20- settings and purposes of classical, I. discuss the different popular, and folk music. used for different life styles 2. perform and discuss music and settings, such asrailroad songs, sea chanties, etc.

IV. Appreciation and Evaluation enjoyment, and discrimination Goal: Students will grow in appreciation, of music. in responding to the feelings A. Students willfind enjoyment music can evoke.

Objectives Students will

moodof music by using I. experimentwithaltering the gradual tempo changes and differentdynamic levels. of moods. 2. listen to music having a variety

for excellence in B. Students will develop an appreciation performance.

Objectives Students will

their own performances. I. continue to develop excellence in children's choruses. 2. listen to quality examples of

of musical careers. C. Students will gain an understanding

Objective Students will those of composers I. be aware of musical careers, such as and conductors.

listening D. Students willseek out additional performing and opportunities.

Objectives Students will

I. be made aware of quality programs ontelevision. 2. be encouraged to purchase musicbooks and recordings, and to attend various arts performances. E. Students will exhibit proper and appreciative audience behavior.

Objective Students will

1. use respectful concert manners duringschooland other performances, such as sitting quietly and applauding at appropriate times.

F. Students will evaluate individual and group performancesand defend judgments in musical terms.

Objectives Students will

1. share their impressions and feelings about concerts and assemblies. 2. discuss how they might improve their own performances.

2 Grade 3

I. Language and Structure of Music and understand the Elements of Music, Goal: Students willperceive Formand including Rhythm, Melody,Harmony, Tempo- Dynamics, Timbre. features of Rhythm. A. Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will

in 1. recognize andrespond to beats and rhythm patterns music, using body percussion,instruments, and movement. 2. identify, read,and respond to basic rhythmic notation learned in previous grades. J71-7 3. aurally and visually be introducedton=71, ) reinforced cz) ,177E- , cL , withunderstanding through a varietyofreading,writingand performing experiences. (triple) beat meters, 4. experience songs in 2 (duple) and 3 stressing accented and unaccentedbeats.

features of Melody. B. Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will

directionof a 1. respondaurally and visually tothe melodic line, including repeated notes, steps,and skips. 2. recognize and read pitch syllables/numbers/intervals learned in previous grades,using visualreinforcement, i.e., hand signals used by teacher orstudents. of limited range, 3. learn note names for melodic patterns i.e., mrd in key of G (BAG), F (AGF),and C (EDC). (4-8, P 5th) 4. be introduced aurally to interval fa-do using hand signals. and pentatonic 5. hear, sing, and play inmajor,minor, (d,r,m,s,l) tonalities. 6. continue to demonstrate understandingof melodic phrases through body movement, singing, and breathing phrase-wise.

C. Students will perceive and understandfeatures of Harmony.

Objectives Students will

1. experience harmony by singing rounds,ostinati, descants, and partner songs.

23 33 2. experience harmony by playing instrumental rounds, ostinati, descants, and chords on tone-bar; keyboard, and- chording instruments (autoharp).

D. Students will perceive and understand features of Tempo-Dynamics.

Objectives Students will

1. showincreasingability todifferentiateamong wider variations in tempi. 2. respond to common dynamic markings, written or indicated by' the teacher, such as crescendo decrescendo F,P.

E. Students will perceive and understand features of Form.

Objectives Students will

I. identify simpleAB form(verse-refrain) and ABA form (verse-refrain-verse) by listening forrepetition and contrast. 2. recognize andidentify structure found in rounds and canons.

F. Students will perceive and understand features of Timbre (tone color).

Objectives Students will

1. perceive differences in instrumental tone colors, including pitched and non-pitched rhythm instruments, and orchestra instruments. 2. identify vocalsound sources such as adult male,adult female, or children's voices.

II. Skills in'Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music.

Goal: Students will develop skills in Performing, Creating and Listening to Music.

A. Students will develop skills in Singing.

Objectives Students will 34 -24- musical phrases produced vocally 1. match pitches of short by the teacher. descants, 2. sing harmony in 2-3 part canons or rounds, ostinati, and partner songs. 3. sing with a physicallycomfortable body. accompanied as well as 4. have opportunities to sing unaccompanied.

B. Students will develop skills inPlaying.

Objectives Students will rhythm instruments. 1. play beats and rhythm patterns on and harmony on tone 2. play melody lines, rhythmpatterns, mallet bells and tone-bar instruments, using proper technique. autoharp using one or two chords. 3. accompany songs on the

C. Students will develop skills inMoving.

Objectives Students will

ideas such as 1. moveappropriately to expressmusical high-low, soft -loud, and fast-slow. 2. move to simple folkdances and singing games. 3. move to illustratemusical forms, such as AB, ABA.

Reading and Writing Music. D. Students will develop skills in

Objectives Students will

playing instruments, 1. read, write, and perform by singing, and using body percussion,rhythm patternslearned in previous grades, including J rTi , 4 CI- and 2. read, write, and performsimple melodic patterns phrases in the treble clef, usingsyllables, numbers, or letter names. 3. read and perform music with attentionto its expressive markings and qualities (tempo, dynamics,style). 4. perceive musical form (AB, ABA) asthey read and produce music. E. Students will develop skills in Creating.

Objectives Students will

I. improvise andcompose rhythmicpatterns and ostinati using body percussion, speech, singing, pitched and non-pitched rhythm instruments. 2. improvise descants and ostinati accompaniments on melody instruments. 3. select by ear appropriate chords for song accompaniment on the autoharp. 4. create dramatizations using vocal sounds, instruments, or body percussion. 5: use creative body movements to respondto tempo,form; and style.

F. Students will develop skills in Listening.

Objectives Students will

1 identify by ear melodic patterns, including repeated notes, steps, and skips. 2. experience hearing, singing and playing, in major, minor, and pentatonic tonalities. 3. recognize the sound of two part (AB) and three part(ABA) form. 4. identify by sound the orchestral family groups - percussion, string, woodwind, brass. 5. listen for differences in mood, style, tempo, and dynamics of live and recorded music. 6. recognize the difference in duple andtriple meter in music. 7. learn the themes from works of great composers, such as "In the Hall of the Mountain King" (Peer Gynt Suite) Grieg; "The Swan" from Carnival of the Animals Saent-Saen; "Barcarole" from Tales of Hoffman Offenbach

III. Heritage and History of Music

Goal: Students will gain an understanding of mankind's richheritage of music and its development throughout history.

A. Students willgain anunderstanding of our nationalmusic heritage.

Objectives Students will

to I. sing, listen to, and discuss music which is indigenous the United States, such asIndian music, Sousa marches,

26 36 folk music, songs ofthe West, etc. games and dances which are 2. singand executesinging folk heritage and representative of our country's culture.

of the music of many B. Students willgainan understanding historical periods andcultures.

Objectives Students will countries sing,listen to,and discuss music of other 1. musical with attention given to indigenous characteristics. and dances from other 2. singand execute singing games lands.

understanding of important composers C. Students will gain an and their music.

Objective Students will and lives of great composers 1. be exposed to the music appropriate to grade level,such as Grieg "Peer Gynt the Animals", Suite", Saint-Saens "Carnival of Offenbach "Barcarole".

understanding of the relationshipof D. Students will gain an music to other areas of thearts and humanities.

Objectives -Students will relationship to and commonality 1. become aware of music's with the other arts, includingvisual art, dance, drama, and literature. to the history, 2. performand listen to music relating geography and literature of our ownand other lands.

of musicalstructures, E. Students will gain an understanding small and large.

Objective Students will

musical structures 1. gain insights into some of the suchas associatedwiththeir classroom experiences, waltzes, suites, marches, overtures, program music, absolute music, ballet music.

F. Students will gain an understanding of the different purposes for which music is created and how that will affect itsstyle and form.

Objective Students will

I. improve their understanding of the music theyperform and listen to by exploring and discussing its backgroundand purpose.

IV. Appreciation and Evaluation.

Goal: Students will grow in appreciation, enjoyment, anddiscrimination of music.

A. Students will find enjoyment in responding to thefeelings music can evoke.

Objectives Students will

I. show increasing response to the expressive quality ofthe music as they perform or listen to it. 2. show increasing perception of how dynamicchanges can affect the feeling, mood,and message of music as they perform or listen to it.

in B. Students will develop an appreciation for excellence performance.

Objective Students will

I. be encouraged to strive for excellence inperformance, including singing on pitch, singingwith good tone quality and enunciation, accurately following the conductor, and showing good stage presence. 2. show increasing ability to perceive whatcontributes to excellence in the performance of others. 3. learn proper playing techniques and care of instruments.

C. Students will gain an understanding of musical careers.

Objective Students will musical careers, especially music 1. gain an awareness of teaching and performing.

additional performing and listening D. Students will seek out opportunities.

Objectives Students will

involve themselves in musical groupswhich are out of the 1. consideration to school setting, and which give proper children's needs and abilities. musical and fine arts 2. attend concerts and other presentations.

and appreciative audience E. Students will exhibit proper behavior.

Objectives Students will manners when attending 1. follow appropriate concert concerts and assemblies.

and group performances and F. Students will evaluate individual defend judgments in musicalterms.

Objectives Students will feelings 1. be encouraged toshare their impressions and theirown aboutconcerts and assemblies as well as performances.

39 -29- Grade 4

Music I. Language and Structure of Elements of Music, Goal: Students willperceive and understand the Tempo-Dynamics, Form, and including Rhythm, Melody, Harmony, Timbre. understand features of Rhythm. A. Students will perceive and

Objective Students will introduced to1 Y, Jr 1, 3/4 1. aurally and visually be meter, anacrusis (pick-upnote).. meter learned in previous 2. respond to rhythmic symbols and grades, using bodypercussion,/instruments and movement. play rhythm patterns presented on 3. sing, clap, chant, and flashcards, charts, etc.

understand features of Melody. B Students will perceive and

Objectives Students will

and visual direction of melodic 1 respond totheaural lines, including repeated notes,steps, and skips. 2 recognize and read pitch syllables/numbers/intervals learned in previous grades. 3 learn to recognize, sing, and play specific intervals (do-sol), 1-8 such as 1-3 (do-mi), 1-4 (do-fa), 1-5 (do-do'). treble clef and perceive 4 learn letter names of notes in their relationship to eachother. major, minor and pentatonic 5 be aware of contrasts between tonalities. phrases. 6 demonstrate understanding of melodic

features of Harmony. C. Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will

two-partharmony by I. experiencehearingand producing singing and playing rounds,descants, and partner songs. IV, V7)as found in 2. be introduced to primary chords(I, three-chord instrumental accompaniments. D. Students will perceive and understand features of Tempo-Dynamics.

Objectives Students will

I. respond to common musical terms related to tempo, such as presto, andante, accelerando, ritardando. 2. respond,as introduced,to additional dynamic markings,

such as fermata ( ), FF, PP, etc.

E. Students will perceive and understand features of Form.

Objectives Students will

I. identify musical forms such as two part (AB), three part (ABA) and Rondo (ABACA). 2. identify easily recognizable thematic materials in listening selections and comprehend their affects on the form of the works.

F. Students will perceive and understand features of Timbre.

Objectives Students will

I. perceive differences in voice qualities when listening to treble and bass vocal selections. 2. identify traditionaland non-traditionalinstruments by sight and sound, i.e.,orchestral instruments, folk and ethnic.

II. Skills in Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music.

Goal: Students will develop skills in Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music.

A. Students will develop skills in Singing.

Objectives Students will

I. sing with attention to clarity and quality of tone. 2. sing with adequate breath support and good singing posture. 3. sing expressively withattention to proper dynamics, tempo, and style. 4. sing two-part harmony in rounds, ostinati figures, descants, and partner songs.

-32- 41 skills in Playing B. Students will develop

Objectives Students will

develop playing skills on therecorder. 1. the autoharp and tone 2. play three-chord accompaniments on bells. pitched and non-pitched 3. play beats and rhythm patterns on instruments.

C. Students will develop skills inMoving.

Objectives Students will AB, ABA,and 1. use movement toillustrate musical forms ABACA. and structured dance. 2. participate in singing games, folk

Reading and Writing. D. Students will develop skills in

Objectives Students will

be introduced toJ. r, .1" jg 1. review elements of rhythm and 3/4 meter, anacrusis (pick-upnote). performing rhythmic patterns 2. be introduced to reading and using a counting system,, such as1& 2& 3& 4& or tee tee tee tee tee tee tee tee. 3. write simple rhythmic dictation. 4. sing and play melodic patterns. andspaces inthe 5. identify letter namesof thelines treble clef. attentionto 6. readand perform musicwith increasing expressive qualities and markings,(tempo, dynamics, and style). produce music (AB, ABA, 7. identify musical forms as they ABACA).

E. Students will develop skills in Creating.

Objectives Students will

1. improvise short rhythmic and melodicpatterns. 2. use creative movement to interpret the expressive qualities in music. 3. create music dramatizations ofstories or poems by using

-33- 42 instruments, speech, singing, chants or a combination thereof.

F. Students will develop skills in Listening.

Objectives Students will

I. recognize the sound of major, minor and pentatonic tonalities. 2. recognize the sound of two part,three part, and rondo form. 3. listen toand identify traditional and non-traditional instrument sounds, i..e., orchestral instruments, folk and ethnic. 4. listen to many different types of music,and begin to identify meter, mood, tempo, and dynamics.

III Heritage and History of Music.

Goal: Students will gain an understanding of mankind's rich heritage of music and its development throughout history.

A. Students willgain anunderstanding of our nationalmusic heritage.

Objectives Students will

I. sing andlisten to folksongs, patriotic songs, and singing games which are indigenous to the United States. 2. sing and listen to folk and composed songs related to the study of Idaho and its history.

B. Students willgain an understanding of the music of many historical periods and cultures.

Objectives Students will

1. recognizethat music can be associated withgeneral historical periods. 2. sing and execute songs, singing games,and dances from other lands and cultures.

C. Students willgain an understanding of important composers and their music.

4 3 -34- Objective Students will of well-known introduced to the lives and works 1. be Grieg and composers, such asSousa and famous marches, the the Peer Gynt Suite,Saent-Saens and Carnival of Animals.

understanding of the relationshipof D. Students will gain an music to the other areasof the humanities.

Objectives Students will there are common elements in 1. develop an awareness that repetition and the arts, such as line, movement, contrast, form and balance. that relates to the history, 2. sing and listen to music geography, and culture of ourcountry and other lands.

of commonmusical E. Students will gain ,an understanding structures, small and large.

Objective Students will

some ofthe smaller musical 1. develop an awarenessof structures'such as a march,a waltz,a polka,a minuet, etc.

Students will gain an understandingof the different purposes F. style for which music is createdand how that will affect its and form.

Objective Students will

and historical settings 1. explore and discuss the purposes of the music theyperform and listen to, i.e., work songs, railroad songs,cowboy songs, holiday songs, etc.

IV. Appreciation and Evaluation. enjoyment, and discrimination Goal: Students will grow in appreciation, of music. the feelings A. Students willfind enjoyment in responding to music can evoke.

-35- 44 Objective Students will

1. grow in ability to perceive and express the feeling or message of the music they perform.

B. Studentswill develop an appreciationfor excellence in performance.

Objective Students will

1. show increasing sensitivity tofactors contributing to excellence in their own and others' performances, such as good intonation, balance, blend, and proper phrasing and dynamics.

C. Students will gain an understanding of musical careers.

Objectives Students will

1. develop an awareness of potential career choices in music such as teacher, disc jockey, performer and conductor. 2. participate in music career field trips.

D. Students willseek out additional performing andlistening opportunities.

Objectives Students will

1. be encouraged to seek out opportunities to hear and see live performances outside the school setting. 2. be encouraged to involve themselves in musical activities which give proper consideration to theirneeds and abilities.

E. Students will exhibit proper and appreciative audience behavior.

Objective Students will

1. follow appropriate concert manners when attending concert and assemblies including applauding at the proper time, and not talking during the performance. Students will evaluateindividual and group performances and defend judgments inmusical terms.

Objective Students will

tomakesound musical 1. begiven criteriaupon which judgments, and show increasingability to use them when judging musical performances.

4 6, -37- Grade 5

I Language and Structure of Music Elements of Music, Students willperceive and understand the Goal: Form and including Rhythm, Melody, Harmony, Tempo-Dynamics, Timbre. understand features of Rhythm. A. Students will perceive and

Objectives Students will of Rhythm learned in I. review and understand features previous grades. to J.k 11 1 ,r 2. aurally and visually be introduced X(syncopation), and perform increasingly complex rhythm patterns in a varietyof meters 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 6/8.

features of Melody. B. Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will of melody learned in I. review and understand features previous grades. singing, and playing 2. expandtheirskills in reading, melodic notation, using pitchnames/numbers, syllables. and pentatonic 3. identify sounds of major, minor, tonalities. or live) and 4. follow melodic lines aurally (recorded visually (staff notation).

features of Harmony. C Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will harmony by singing and I. experience hearing and producing playing rounds, descants, partner songs,two part songs, counter melodies,augmentation;*diminution? bell and chording 2. play on keyboard, tone bar, tone instruments the I, IV, V, chords in several keys (using Roman numerals or letter namesof the chords).

* Augmentation Introduction of theme in notes twice the length as originally proposed. * Diminution Introduction of theme in notes of shorter duration; opposite of augmentation. D. Students will perceive and understand features of Tempo-Dynamics.

Objectives Students will

1. demonstrate ability to differentiatebetween varying degrees of tempo, such as allegro, largo, vivace. 2. show increasing auraland visual response to dynamics, PP, p, mP, mf, f, ff. 3. be able to control dynamic levels when playing or singing. 4. demonstrate an awareness that changes in tempo-dynamics can help determine the mood of a piece of music.

E. Studebts will perceive and understand features of Form.

Objectives Students will

1. respond when playing, singing,listening, and moving to features of forms learned previously, including AB, ABA, rondo (ABACA). 2. become familiar with theme and variation form.

F. Students will perceive and understand features of Timbre.

Objectives Students will

1. identify and classifytraditional and non-traditional instruments by sight and sound, i.e., orchestral instrument, folk, and ethnic. 2. become aware of the differences in sounds of high and low male and female singing voices.

II Skills in Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music.

Goal: Students will develop skills in Performing, Creating and Listening to Music.

A. Students will develop skills in Singing.

Objectives Students will

1. sing with increasing artistry by consciously striving for quality in tone and dynamics. 2. feel the beauty of the music they make to ensure it isn't reduced to an understanding of the mechanics only.

-40-4 8 well as unaccompanied songs. 3. sing accompanied as attention to proper breathing,good 4. sing with increasing singing posture, openvowels, and clear consonants.

in Playing. B. Students will develop skills

Objectives Students will playing, using a variety 1. experience instrumental ensemble autoharp, of instruments, such as recorders,ukelele, tone bells, tone bar, andpercussive instruments. technique and proper care. 2. play instruments with correct ostinati by sight. 3. play rhythmic descants and by sight. 4. play short melodic patterns

in Moving. C. Students will develop skills

Objective Students will structured dance and movement 1. participate in higher level games, line activities, i.e., folk dances, singing dances, square dances, andcreative movement.

Reding and Writing. D. Students will develop skills in

Objectives Students will of letter names in treble 1. review and reinforce knowledge clef third, i.e., f-a, a-c, etc. 2. sing and play intervals of a using rhythm 3. review knowledge of rhythm patterns syllables or basic counting system,i.e., 1&2&3&4&. patterns in a variety 4. perform increasingly comalex3rhythm of meters,includingrIn.,,i 1 , j'j r(syncopation). attention to 5. readand perform music 70111 increasing expressive qualities and markings(tempo, dynamics, and style)

E. Students will develop skills inCreating.

Objectives Students will

patterns using 1. create short rhythmic andmelodic variety of timbres,- styles, andforms.

-41- 49 2. respond to music through activitiessuchas movement, dance, pantomime, and dramatization.

F. Students will develop skills in Listening.

Objectives Students will

I. focus on specific concepts while listening attentively, including form (AB, ABA,rondo, theme,and variations), expressive qualities, tonalities, texture, style, and meter. 2. expand their knowledge of and familiarity with the music of well-known composers, including absolute music as well as program music.

III. Heritage and History of Music

Goal: Students will gain an understanding of mankind's rich heritage of music and its development throughout history.

A. Students willgain anunderstanding of our nationalmusic heritage.

Objectives Students will

I. learn a variety of American folk songs and singing games. 2. become acquainted with American composers and their compositions, such as Copeland "Rodeo" and Thompson "The Plow That Brokethe Plain", Gould "American Salute". 3. understand and identify different American music styles, including, blues, jazz and rock.

B. Students willgain anunderstanding of the music of many historical periods and cultures.

Objectives Students will

I. gain insights into various ethnic musics, such as native American, East Asian, Latin American, etc. 2. identify historical and stylistic periods of Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and 20th Century. 3. gain experience in singing songs with foreignlanguage texts. important composers C. Students willgain an understanding of and their music.

Objective Students will renowned composers, and 1. listen to the music of various learn of their lives andhistorical backgrounds, such as in a "Composer of theMonth" program.

relationship of D. Students willgain an understanding of the music to the other areas ofthe humanities.

Objective Students will

with other humanistic 1. relate and correlate music disciplines, such as history,literature, drama,visual art, etc.

of common musical E. Students will gain an understanding structures, small and large.

Objective Students will

and small forms and 1. develop an awareness of large and structures, such march, waltz, polka, theme variation, rondo, symphony, opera,and concerto.

of the different purposes F. Students will gain an understanding for which music is created andhow that will affect its style and form.

Objectives Students will

characteristics in music. 1. gain insight to expressive the purposes of the 2. show increasing ability to identify music they perform or listen to,and how these purposes are reflected in expressivecharacteristics of the music.

IV. Appreciation and Evaluation. enjoyment, and discrimination Goal: Students will grow in appreciation, of music. A. Students willfind enjoyment in responding to the feelings music can evoke.

Objective Students will

1. show increasing ability to respond toand express the mood and message of the music they perform.

B. Students will develop an appreciation for excellence in performance.

Objective' Students will

1. evaluatecertaincomponents oftheirown orothers' performances with guidance of teacher.

C. Students will gain an understanding of musical careers.

Objective . Students will

1. be exposed to an increasing variety of career opportunities in music, such as performer, teacher, composer-arranger, music librarian, instrument repairman, etc.

D. Students willseek out additional perforMing and listening opportunities.

Objectives Students will

1. seek out a variety of cultural performances available in their area. 2. involve themselves inmusicalgroups in the community which give proper consideration to children's needs and abilities.

E. Students will exhibit proper and appreciative audience behavior.

Objectives Students will

1. learn correct behavior for performing or responding to our national anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner". 2. learncorrectcourtesies to extend tothe performer, i.e., applause, not whistling.

-44- 5 2 attentiveness during a performance. 3. show discipline and to cues from 4. understand and respond appropriately conductor for audiencebehavior.

individual and group performances and F. Students will evaluate defend judgments in musical terms.

Objectives Students will music as they listen to 1. learn to evaluate elements of their own and others' performances. Grade 6

I. Language and Structure of Music Elements ofMusic, Goal: Studentswill perceive and understand the and including Rhythm, Melody, Harmony, Tempo-Dynamics, Form Timbre. features of Rhythm. A. Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will

patterns in I. sing, play, chant, and notate rhythm traditional and non-traditional systems. and 2. be introduced to riled meters (5/4),cut time (4 ), with reviewtriplet ( 1 .)) ), and syncopation ( j'j dr) understanding reinforced through reading,writing,and performing. 3, & 4 and 3. be able to conduct in patterns of 2, combinations thereof.

B. Students will perceive and understandfeatures of Melody.

Objectives Students will

I. identify direction of scale progressionswith syllables, letter names, or numbers. and A 2. identify, sing,or play scales in thekeys of E, (review keys of C, F, G, Bb, and D). of a 3. become familiarwith the sound and structure harmonic minor scale L TD R MF S#L. 4. demonstrate an awareness oftheeffectof b, #,1 , including chromatic scales.

C. Students will perceive and understand featuresof Harmony.

Objectives Students will

IV, V I. recognize chord changes in a composition I, (major and minor). 2. explore singing harmony for a melody based onthirds and sixths by ear.

D. Students will perceive and understand features of Tempo-Dynamics.

-47- Objectives Students will

1. show increasing perception and response to common musical terms relating to tempo-dynamics, such as PP,P, MP, MF,

, F, FF, , (accent, A , (staccato), . and andante, presto, vivace, etc.

E. Students will perceive and understand features of Form.

Objectives Students will

I. recognize and respond to D.S. Al Fine. 2. recognize a simple cadence. 3. continue to be exposed to the principle forms, including two and three part (AB, ABA) rondo (ABACA), and theme and variation.

F. Students will perceive and understand features of Timbre.

Objectives Students will

I. perceive differences in voice qualities of soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. 2. identify individual orchestral instrument sounds and classify according to families by sight and sound. 3. be introduced to various folk instruments, i.e., harmonica, ukelele, accordian.

II. Skills in Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music.

Goal: Students will develop skills in Performing, Creating and Listening to Music.

A. Students will develop skills in Singing.

Objectives Students will

I. sing intervals of a M2nd, M3rd, minor 3rd, P4th, P5th, M6th, M7th, and octave. 2. sing with clear diction, proper posture, and good breath support. 3. sing with increasing independence unison songs, rounds, descants, partner songs, and two and three part songs. 4. show increasing ability to interpret the mood of compositions as they sing.

t, -48- skills in Playing. B. Students will develop

Objectives Students will to songs on the auto harp or 1. play 3 chord accompaniments other fretted instrumentssuch as the ukelele and guitar. posture and breath 2. play the recorder with correct control. ostinato patterns and chordal 3. play simple melodic and accompaniments on mallet instruments. descants,and other 4. be utilized inplaying obligatos, accompanying figures on bandand orchestra instruments.

in Moving. C. Students will develop skills

Objective Students will a variety of props 1. organize patternsin movement using (tinikling, hoops, ribbons,lummi,sticks, etc.). 2. participate in structureddance activities. patterns to reinforce 3. use standard conducting understanding of beat and meter.

Reading and Writing. D. Students will develop skills in

Objectives Students will

using numbers, pitch 1. read and sing melodicpatterns syllables, or letter names. mallet instruments, 2. read and play melodic patterns on recorders, keyboard, and band andorchestra instruments. intervals, melodic 3. identify note and rest duration, contours, meters, form, andmusical expression terms by sight.

E. Students will develop skills inCreating.

Objectives Students will of stories or poems by using 1. create music dramatizations instruments, singing, or speech chants. 2. create original songs based onpoetry. rhythmic) to accompany 3. improvise ostinatos (melodic and songs.

56 -49- F. Students will develop skills in Listening.

Objectives Students will

I. perceive differences in textures of various vocal combinations, such as duet, trio, quartette, treble choir, and mixed choir. 2. identify elements of tension and resolution in music. 3. recognize the useofimprovisationin varied musical compostions. 4. become familiar with program music,symphonies,opera, operetta (H.M.S. Pinafore), oratorio (Handel's Messiah), musicals, and electronic music.

III. Heritage and History of Music

Goal: Students will gain an understanding of mankind's rich heritage of music and its development throughout history.

A. Students willgain anunderstanding of our nationalmusic heritage.

Objectives Students will

1. experience a variety of folksongs whichare or have become a part of our national heritage. 2. become acquainted with compositions by American composers, including musicals and operettas. 3. becomeawareofvarious musicstyles, i.e., ragtime, blues, jazz, Native Indian.

B. Students willgain an understanding of the music of many historical periods and cultures.

Objectives Students will

I. recognize differences between various ethnic musics such as Native American and East Asian. 2. recognize that music can be associatedwithgeneral historicalperiods, i.e.,Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century. 3. sing songs from various other countries, possibly ina foreign language. 4. perform dances from other countries.

C. Students will gain an understanding of important composers and their music. Objectives Students will important composers, theirmusic, 1. be exposed to various and their historicalbackgrounds.

understanding of therelationship of D. Students will gain an music to the other areasof the humanities.

Objectives Students will elements between music 1. recognize that there are common and the arts, i.e., line,movement, repetition, contrast, form, balance. that relates to the historyand 2. listen to and sing music countries (social geography of our own and other studies).

of commonmusical E. Students will gain an understanding structures, small andlarge.

Objective Students will of the recognize the formalorganization and relationship 1. suite, the various sections ofcompositions, such as the opera, the march, the symphony, and concerto, the oratorio.

Students will gain anunderstanding of the different purposes F. style for which music is createdand how that will affect its and form.

Objective Students will

expressive characteristicsin music 1. listen to and discuss written. as related tothe purpose for which it was

IV. Appreciation and Evaluation. appreciation, enjoyment, anddiscrimination Goal: Students will grow in of music. in responding to thefeelings A. Students willfind enjoyment music can evoke.

-51- Objective Students will

1. be able to discern how tempo and dynamics affect their feelings.

B. Students will develop an appreciation for excellence performance.

Objectives Students will

1. continue to be exposed to excellent performances of music of various styles and periods. 2. reflect upon and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of their own and others' performances. 3. grow in awareness of musical characteristics and qualities needed for expressive performances.

C. Students will gain an understanding of musical careers.

Objectives Students will

1. become aware of the many career opportunities in the field of music. 2. gain additional knowledge from guest musicians.

D. Students willseek out additional performing and listening opportunities.

Objectives Students will

1. practice outside of schoolor do additional work above that required in class. 2. seek additional information about music throughbooks, magazines, and records. 3. show an interest in attending musical functions on their own.

E. Students will exhibit proper and appreciative audience behavior.

Objectives Students will

r: 0 t.; -52- 1. focus on the performance. 2. not talk during theperformance. applause at the appropriate 3. give warm and enthusiastic a time (end of performance not after movements of symphony) no whistling oryelling. in music; i.e., 4. be made awareof certaintraditions standing during Handel's"Hallelujah Chorus".

individual and group performancesand F. Students will evaluate defend judgments in musicalterms.

Objectives Students will

view performances,others' and 1. haveopportunities to their own, both live andvideo taped. to make sound musical 2. be given a basis by which judgments, i.e., what to listenfor.

r,0

-53- Grade 7&8

I. Language and Structure ofMusic. Elements of Music, Students willperceive and understand the Goal: Form and includingRhythm, Melody, Harmony, Tempo-Dynamics, Timbre. understand features of Rhythm. A. Students will perceive and

Objectives Students will

following meters: 4/4, , 3/4, 1. interpret and conduct the 2/4, 3/8, 6/8, 2/2, and c. rhythmic patterns in a 2. perform increasingly complex variety of meters. and augmentation. 3. understand the concept of diminuation (See Pg. 37 for definition)

understand features of Melody. B. Students will perceive and

Objectives Students will

syllables, letter names, and 1. read melodies using numbers, notes. major/minor/pentatonic scales. 2. recognize, sing, and play

features of Harmony. C. Students will perceive and understand

Objectives Students will numerals or letters) for 1. interpret chord symbols (Roman accompaniments for musical selections. 2. sing three and easy four partharmony.

features of D. Students will perceive and understand Tempo-Dynamics.

Objective Students will

dynamics, tempo, and 1. show increasing perception of proper style, and apply this perception to expressive performance. E. Students will perceive and understand features of Form.

Objective Students will

I. continue to be exposed to the principle forms including twoand three part AB,ABA, rondo (ABACA) theme and variations, fugue, and sonata form.

F. Students will perceive and understand features of Timbre.

Objectives Students will

I. identify band, orchestra,and electronic instruments by sight and sound, and recognize the characteristic qualities of the soprano, alto, tenor, and bass voices. 2. demonstrate awareness of monophonic, polyphonic and homophonic textures.

II. Skills in Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music.

Goals: Students will develop skills in Performing, Creating and Listening to Music:

A. Students will develop skills in Singing.

Objectives Students will

I. match pitches, sing melodic lines and harmonic intervals in tune, including unison,two, three,and four part harmony; 2. sing with proper posture and breath support. 3. produce open,properly placed vowelsandcrisp, clean consonants. 4. understand and express tolerance for the changing voice.

B. Students will develop skills in Playing.

Objective Students will

I. playvariousfolkand classroom instruments,such as ukelele, guitar, recorder, harmonicas, autoharp, and percussion instruments. C. Students will develop skillsin Moving.

Objectives Students will dancing, and marching. I. experience folk dancing, ballroom simple meter (2, 3, or 4 2. conduct with proper patterns in beats) and compound meters (6/8,9/8).

Reading and Writing. D. Students will develop skills in

Objective Students will syllables, letter names, and I. read melodies using numbers, notes. 2. sight-read simple rhythmic patterns. used in class. 3. interpret symbols, terms, and signs correct key 4. recognize and writemajor scales using signatures.

E. Students will develop skills in Creating.

Objective Students will

I. create and notate original compositions.

F. Students'will develop skills in Listening.

Objectives Students will offered in I. seek out additional listening opportunities as school and community programs. necessary for 2. develop and apply listening skills evaluating individual and group performance.

III. Heritage and History of Music. mankind's rich heritage of Goal: Students will gain an understanding of music and its development throughouthistory.

music A. Students willgain anunderstanding of our national heritage.

Objectives Students will

-57.- 6 3 1. experience a variety of folk songs which are a part of our national heritage. 2. become acquainted with compositions by American composers. 3. becomeaware of variousmusic styles, i.e., ragtime, blues, jazz, Native Indian, and others.

B. Students willgain an understanding of the music of many historical periods and cultures.

Objectives Students will

1. recognize differences between various ethnic music such as native American and East Asian music. 2. recognizethat western musiccan be associated with general historical periods, i.e., Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century, Impressionistic. 3. sing songs from various other countries, possibly in a foreign language. 4. listen to and learn representative examples of Renaissance, Baroque, Romantic, Impressionistic, and 20th Century-Contemporary music.

C. Students will gain an understanding of important composers and their music.

Objective Students will

1. be exposed to various important composers, their music, and their historical backgrounds.

D. Students willgain an understanding of the relationship of music to the other areas of the humanities.

Objectives Students will

1. recognize that there are common elements between music and the other areas of thehumanities, i.e., line, movement, repetition, contrast, form, balance, etc. 2. listen to and sing music that relates to the history and geography of our own and other countries.

E. Students will gain an understanding of common musical structures, small and large. Objectives Students will of the recognize the formalorganization and relationship I. the various sections ofcompositions such as the suite, and the symphony, the concerto,the opera, the march, oratorio. of sonata-allegro form. 2. learn the basic structure

Students will gain anunderstanding of the different purposes F. affect its style for which music iscreated and how that will and form.

Objective Students will identify the purposes ofthe I. show increasing ability to music they perform orlisten to and how theexpressive characteristics of the musicreflects these purposes.

IV Appreciation and Evaluation. appreciation, enjoyment, anddiscrimination Goal: Students will grow in of music. to the feelings A. Students willfind enjoyment in responding music can evoke.

Objectives Students will sensitivity to beauty. I. discover that music heightens wide range of intellectual 2. discover that music arouses a mankind's deepest challenges, as well as expressing emotions and feelings.

in an appreciationfor excellence B. Students will develop performance.

Objectives Students will and intelligent choices in I. be led toward making sensitive the selection of music. demands the performer's total 2. be aware that excellence involvement in his or her performance.

65 -59- C. Students will gain an understanding of musical careers.

Objectives Students will

1. become aware of the many full-time career opportunities in the field of music. 2. be aware that many music career opportunities are also avocational in nature.

D. Students willseek out additional performing andlistening opportunities.

Objectives Students will

1. show their interest and appreciation of music by auditioning or trying out for additional school sponsored musical experiences,such as school musicals, district, state and regional honor groups. 2. show increasing interest in attending or participating in community musical groups and functions.

E. Students will exhibit proper and appreciative audience behavior.

Objectives Students will

1. be made aware of traditionssuch as standing for the National Anthem and the Hallelujah Chorus". 2. thank the performer(s) with warm and enthusiastic applause, but not bywhistling orotherflambuoyant behavior. 3. be quiet and attentive during performances. 4. respondappropriately totheconductor's cuesto the audience for silence and applause.

F Students will evaluate individual and group performances and defend judgments in musical terms.

Objectives Students will

1. learn to evaluate the elements of music as they listen to performances. 2. show increasing ability to consider musical criteria when judging their own and others' performances; such criteria might include appropriate tone quality, good intonation, effective attention to expressive qualities, accuracy of parts, etc.

66 -60- SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

Component I--Language and Structureof Music

RHYTHM Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Beat

Long-Short

Accents-BarLine Duple iTripleMeters

Rh thm Patterns S nco ation Rhythm Syllablesr Counting

1 Standard Rhythmic Notation (1= eighthA= quarter etc.)

.1 CompoundDuple-Triple Polymeters

I Diminution/Augmentation

MELODY

Lower Elementary Upper Elementary -Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8

High-Low

Steps-Skips-Repetition )Intervals Scale Degrees

Hand Signals (Sol-Mi-La)

Penta-tonic (Hand Signals)

'Pentatonic, Major and Minor Scales (recognition) (structure)

Letter names (Treble'clef)

-61- 6? HARMONY

Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8 Sing-Clap Sing-Step

Sing with Accompaniment (Ostinati)

Rounds, Canoys Rescabts, Pa tner Songs

1Chords 1(Autoharp/Tone Bar InStruments)

iMajor, Minor Chords (recognition)

Two-Pal Singing

Three-Part Singing

TEMPO-DYNAMICS

Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8

Fast-Slow

Tempo Alterations (Ritard,AcceleFiac3741 , etc.

Loud-Soft

Dynamic Alterations (F, FF, P, PP, <>, etc.)

1 Perception and Response to Tempo- Dynamic Markings FORM Mid-School-Jr High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Phrases (Beginning-Endin , Same-Different)

D.0al Fine 1st & 2nd Endings

Theme >Sonata--)Fugue AB >Rondo (ABACA) &Variation Allegro

TIMBRE (TONE COLOR) Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Body Percussion and Sound Sources

Pitched and Non-Pitched Rhythm Instruments

. ,Texture of Instrument, ,Names of Instruments Families >(Orch, Folk, Ethnic, Electronic) Combinations

Adult Voice Male SATB-.--40Textureof Children's Voice---*Female Combinations

-63- 6 9. Component II--Skills in Performing, Creating, and Listening to Music

SINGING

Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8

Grow in Abilityto Sing in Tune

Echo Singing >call &Response---,-->Variety of Songs,Folk & Composed

Unison

Ostinato----Rounds----Descants,PartnerSongs ----2 & 3Part Songs

Illustrate Understanding of Elementsof Music Rhythm, Melody, Harmony, Tempcl-Dynamics,Form, Timbre by Singing

Sing with Good Posture, PrqperBreathing, Open Vowels, Clean Consonants

I Participate inChoral Ensemble (If school optsto offer school choir) 1Recommended StakingTime--5th Grade)

PLAYING

Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8

Melody Patterns (ostinati, Descants) on melody instruments I Tone-bar instruments-pentatonic patterns recorder Keyboard 'Chordal Accompaniments Tone Bar Instruments )- tAutohar >. UkeTele 1Gui tar

Play Pentatonic Scales ).Major & Minor Scales

Participate in Classroom instrumental ensemble

* If school opts to provide additional string and bandexperience for students, recommended starting times: strings--4th or 5th grade, band--5th or 6th grade.

-64- MOVING Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2. Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Move creatively to illustrateunderstanding of musical concepts including Rhythm, Melody, Harmony, Tempo-Dynamics, Form,and Timbre.

Singing Games

Structured Dance--Folk, Square DanCe, Modern

Conducting Patterns--Duple, Triple Meter

READING-WRITING Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Melody: Icons, Syllables, Numbers >Letter Names Pentatonic Scale ---4Major, minor scales 4KeySignatures,

Rhythm:

Long-Short Icons

Rhythmic Durations and Notation -->Unusual changing Duple ;TripleMeter Meters

1 Tempo and Dynamic Markings CREATING

Lower Elementary K-Z Upper Elementary J-b Mid- School -Jr. High 6-8

Explore SteadyBeat '1' >-

Explore Long-Short > ) (Icons) (DurationSymbols)

Improvise rhythmicpatterns and ostinati with body percussion,speech, singing and instruments.

Explore High-Low

Create Melodies Pentatonic >Majorand Minor Scales

Create SoundPieces, Createcompositionsusing a variety of timbres, harmonies,styles, and forms

Respond creatively through activities;movement, dance, pantomime,and dramatizatior4

Create Compositions usingelectronic devices. I

LISTENING

Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8

Directed listening activities involving specific musical elements: Rhythm, Melody, Harmony, Tempo-Dynamics, Formand Timbre (Recorded or Live)

Develop aural discrimination of Melodic, Harmonic, and Rhythmic Concepts in Music Component III--Heritage and Historyof Music

NATIONAL MUSIC HERITAGE Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Folk Songs, Singing Games & Dances Native American Music > Patriotic & Seasonal Songs

Idaho Folk & Composed Music

U.S.Popular Styles >. (Blues., Jazz, Rock, Country & Western)

Musical Theatre >

U.S. Classical Music

HISTORICAL PERIODS AND CULTURES Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Composed Music From a Variety of HistoricalPeriods & Cultures

Folk Songs, Singing Games, & Dances

COMPOSERS AND THEIR MUSIC Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Study Music and Lives of Composers Appropriateto Grade Level

7 3

-67- RELATIONSHIP OF MUSIC TO OTHER ARTS AND HUMANITIES

Lower Elementary,K -2 Upper Elementary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8

Interpret Music Through Visual arts, Dance, Drama, .& Stories incorporatejloic Into other Subject Areas

Discover Principles 4179n to Music, Visual Arts, PqPcp, Li.terAture,'& Drama (Repetition - Contrast,Balance, Tension-Relaxation) L

COMMON MUSICAL STRUCTURES- -LARGE & SMALL

Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Eletnentary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8 Understand Small,M4sic0 Structures Songs Waltzes Marches Suites Dances Overtures Lullabies Minuets Singing Games

Understand Large Musical Structures

Program Music Oratorio Absolute Music %Symphony Ballet (Concerto Opera Sonata

PURPOSES FORWHICH.MUSIC IS CREATED (AFFECT ON STYLE ANDFORM)

Lower Elementary K -2 Elementary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8

Understand That Music Is Reflective of Different Lifestyles &Se tings (Cowboy Songs, Work Songs, River Songs, and Community Songs, etc )

Discover How Expressive Characteristics of Music ReflectIts Purpose Component IV--Appreciation and Evaluation

RESPONSE TO FEELINGS MUSIC CAN EVOKE Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Growth In Ability to Perceive and Respond toExpressiveQualities of Music (Changes in Tempo, Dynamics,Tonality, Timbre, andTexture)

APPRECIATION FOR EXCELLENCE Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K -pper2 UemenaryEl t 3- 5 6-8

IExperience a Variety of Quali y MusicalPerformances

Increasing Sensitivity to Factors Contributing toExcellence 0.< (Good Intonation; Balance, Blend, Phrasing,Dynamics)

KNOWLEDGE OF MUSICAL CAREERS Mid-School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

Become Aware of Potential CareerChoices in Music 1 (Singers, Instruments fists, Teachers, InstrumentRepairmen, Disc-jockeys, Sales Representativg, Music Librarians,Piano Tuners, etc.)

Avocational Careers in Music

ADDITIONAL PERFORMING AND LISTENINGOPPORTUNITIES Mid,School-Jr. High Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 6-8

View Quality TV Musical Performances

Attend Live Musical Performances

1 Become Involved in School and CommunityMusical Groups Appropriate to Needs and Abilities

4 -AUDIENCE BEHAVIOUR

Lower Elementary'K=2 Upper Elementary Mid-School-Jr. High- 6-18

Develop Appropriate Concert Manners (Sit Quietly, Applaild at Appropriate Times, focus on` Performance,` Avoid Whistling and Other Flambuoyant Behaviour)

Be Aware of Traditions-SuCh as Standing for theAational' Anthem and the"Hallelujahg Chorus

EVALUATE PERFORMANCES'AND DEFEND JUDGMENTS

Lower Elementary K-2 Upper Elementary 3-5 Mid-School-Jr. High 6-8

Share Strengths and Weaknesses of Individual and Class Activities

Share Impressions. andFeelings About School and Community Concerts

IAPplfMusical Criteria When aidging Their 'Own and Other' Performances

I MISCELLANEOUS TERMS TEMPO Indicates rate of speed. .Largo broadly, very slowly Coda ending Con with 'Lento slowly D. C. (Da Capo) go to the beginning leisurely t Adagio slowly, D. C. al Fine repeat from the beginning Andante a walking pace, flowing to the end (Fine). Andantino slightly faster thanandante D. S. (Dal Segno) the sign Moderato moderately D. S. al Fine repeat from the sign to theend (Fine) Allegretto quickly, but not asfast as allegro Fermata pause, or hold the note Allegro at a quick pace, lively Fine the end Vivace or Vivo lively Loco in normal location or pitch register Presto very fast Meno less Prestissimo-- faster than presto Motto much Non not Changing Tempos Piu more Accelerando (accel.) to become faster Poco a little i A tempo resume original tempo Poco a poco little by little, gradually Mosso motion Sempre always Moto motion; (con moto)with motion, Simile in a similar way or quicker Troppo too much Rallentando (rail.) gradually slowing inspeed Ritardando (Tit.) becoming slower NOTES AND RESTS Ritenuto (riten.) immediate slowing o whole note whole rest half note half rest DYNAMICS Pertaining to the volume of sound. Pianissimo (pp) very soft quarter note 1 quarter rest Piano (p) soft ell eighthnote 7 eighth rest soft Mezzo piano (mP) moderately f sixteenth rest Mezzo forte (mf) moderately loud sixteenth note thirty-second rest Forte (f) loud Jithirty-second note Fortissimo (f f) very loud grace note to beplayed quickly Sforzando. (sfz.) strong accent 111 arpeggiated, or rolled chord

Changing Dynamics SIGNS Crescendo (cresc.) growing louder x double sharp Decrescendo (decresc.) growing softer # sharp Diminuendo (dim., dimin.) growingsofter flat 116 double flat natural 8va octave The character or mood of theComposition. STYLE tt1 -fermata Animato animated, with spirit Brio vigor, spirit portamento . LAstaccatoaccent, strong r-accent Cantabile singing rr r stress, Dolce-- sweetly 17-1127-1 first and secondendings Espressivo (espress.) with expression,feeling Giocoso humorously - triplet Grazioso gracefully r rC f (common time) 4 beats to the measure(4/4) Legato (leg.) smoothly connected tones (alla breve) 2 strong beats to the measure(2/2) Maestoso majestically Marcia as a march repeat sign Portamento slightly disconnected tones Scherzando playfully tied notes Sostenuto sustained Staccato (stacc.) disconnected tones slurred notes Tenuto (ten.) held note pedal indications Tranquillo calm, quiet, tranquil Ped., P, 7--71- GLOSSARY

The following glossary of terms has been defined in non-musical language to help facilitate basic understanding ofthe music objectives.

Accent - The stress of one tone over Chant - Speaking rhythmically. others. Chord - Three or more pitches played at Accompaniment - Music played or sung the same time. to support a melody. Chord Progression - A series of chords Alle Breve time - Music which has two for example I, IV, V7, I. beats to a measure. Notated as 2/2 or (G. Chord Symbols - Symbols used to identify chords and their qualities; such as Arpeggio - Executing a chord by IV equals a chord built on the playing one tone after another, fourth note of a scale, major from the bottom up, instead of quality. playing all tones simultaneously. Chorus - A group of singers. Articulation - A term used to denote clarity in a musical performance. Chromatic Scale - A scale of twelve tones Correct phrasing, smooth and all one half step apart. separated, are some of the aspects involved. Coda - A supplement to the ending of a composition. Balance - Use of the elements of music in such a way as to produce an Common Time - Music which has four beats integrated whole. to a measure. Notated as 4/4 or C.

3and - An instrumental group usually Composer - A person who writes music. consisting of brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. Composition - A musical piece.

Beat - The underlying pulse of the Conducting - Directing a performing music upon which the rhythm is group so as to coordinate the organized. performers.

Blend - Refers to how well voices Consonance - A term used to describe and/or instruments fit and re- the restful effect produced by late harmoniously to produce a certain combinations of tones. particular quality. Contrast - Use of opposing or different Brass - A group of instruments whose elements. characteristic feature is the mouthpiece which is nearly always Descant - Is an independent melody, cup-shaped. Some examples are usually higher than the main melody, trumpet, French horn, trombone, which has been designed to provide and tuba. harmony for the song.

Canon - A composition in which one part Devised Notation - Ways of expressing is imitated strictly in another rhythm and pitch other than tradi- part at any pitch or time interval. tional musical notation. For example: Hartony - frodUtedmhen two or more tones Sound simultaneously. a. (long-short) Harmony InsteuMents - Simple musical b. (ineltdic move- instruments used to produce chord's. tent) Some examples are the autoharp and44kelele. Diatonic Scale - The tones of the major or minor scale; Opposite Home Tone (Key Center) - The tone on of the chromatic scale. which a scale is built.

Dictation - The ability to write. Improvising - Making up music while tonal arid 4-kythmiC.patternt perforttng it. using notation. Interval - The distance in pitch between Diction - Clarity of consonants and two tones. purity of 'vowels while Singing, Intonation - Singing 'or playing in tune. Dissonante - term used to describe the restless Or tense effect IntrOductiOn - The beginning part of produced by certain combinations a musical selection. of tones. Jazz Ensemble - A group of instrumen- Dominant - Pertaining to the fifth talists whose repertoire consists tone of a scale. primariTy of jazz and rock music.

Dynamics - Refers to the volume of Keyboard, Instruments - Instruments having the sound, loudness and soft- a keyboard such as the piano, organ, ness. harpsichord, etc.

Form - General principles which Key Center - See Home Tone. govern the structure of a composition. Key Signature - Indicates which arrange- ment of tones (scale) is being Four-part Harmony - Simultaneout used. sounding of four tones. Letter Names - Refers to the names of General Music -'A class detigned to the limes and spaces of the staff give a general, broaA overview (such as A, , C, 0). of music. There is emphasis on listening, singing, playing Major Key - A common format for the instruments, music reading, arrangement of tones. rhythmic activities, and crea- tive experiences. Major Scale - A series of eight tones, all going up, or all going down Half Step - The smallest interval in a with a definite distance between scale, as represented by the each, the eighth tone being an distance between two consecutive octave from the first (do, re, keys on the piano keyboard. mi, fa., sol, la, ti, do).

Hand Signals - The use of the hand Major SeCond - Consists of two tones; for designating syllables. (do, their relationship is the same as re, mi, etc.) the first and second notes of a major scale.

-74- Major Seventh - Consists of two tones; and valuing of the music their relationship is the same experienced. as the seventh note of a major scale is to the first note. Music Symbols- A type of music short- hand, some symbols are: F, P, PP Major Sixth - Consists of two tones; meaning loud, soft and very soft, their relationship is the same respectively. as the sixth note of a major scale is to the first note. Minor Scale - Common format for the arrangement of tones. Major Third - Consists of two tones; their relationship is the same Minor Second - Consists of two tones; as the third note of a major their relationship is the same as scale is to the first note. the eighth note of a major scale is to the seventh note. Melodic Line - A series of single pitches that move up or down Minor Third - Consists of two tones; or stay the same. their relationship is the same as the third note of a minor scale Melodic Pattern - A series of single is to the first note. pitches; not as long as an entire melody. Music Theory - The study of the principles upon which music is built. Melodic Phrase - A series of single pitches expressing a musical Music Therapist - One who treats mental thought. illness and, to a lesser extent, certain physical ailments through Melody - A series of single pitches. music.

Melody Instrunients - Simple musical Non-Performance Classes- Classes where instruments used to produce the main activities or means of sounds which have pitch. Some developing aesthetic sensitivity examples are the xylophone and are verbalizing and analyzing. tone bells. Non-Selective Chorus- A chorus open to Meter - Refers to the number of all students interested in music beats grouped per measure. regardless of ability, voice, range, and quality. Meter Signature - Same as time signa- ture; the upper number indicates Notation - A system of symbols used to the number of beats in each indicate different properties of measure, the bottom indicates musical sound. the kind of note that receives one beat. Numbers - The names given the tones of a scale; such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. Musical Periods - The most commonly . studied eras are Renaissance Octave - A tone on the eighth degree (1450-1600), Baroque (1600-1750), from a given tone. Classical (1750-1800), Romantic (1800-1900), Contemporary (1900- Orchestra - An instrumental group present). consisting of strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion. Music Appreciation - An outgrowth of music instruction that is in- Ostinato - A continuously repeated volved with the understanding melodic or rhythmic figure. Partner Songs - A pair'of songs Rhythmic Phrase - A series of sounds that can be sung together. having time value.

Pentatonic Scale - A five-tone scale. Rhythm Instruments - Simple musical instruments used to produce rhythmic Percussion - One'of-four ,main sounds. Some examples are drums, 'families of instruments. SOme triangles, dyMbals, woodblocks, percussion instruments are drums and rhythm sticks. and tympani. Rondo Form - A composition which has a Perfect Fifth - Contists'OftWo tones; main theme which is repeated each their relationship same as time subordinate themes are intro- the firSt and fifth notes Of a ddced,.such as A to B to A to C major or minor scale. to A, where A is the main theme and B and C are subordinate themes. Perfect Fourth - Consists of two tones their relationship is the same as Round - A simple song which is exactly the first and fourth notes of a imitated by another voice or major or minor scale. instrument starting slightly later. Performance Classes - Classes where one of the main activities or Selective Chorus - A chorus composed of means of developing aesthetic students who are chosen according sensitivity is performing to ability, voice, range, and or "doing." quality.

Phrase - A musical thought. Sight Reading - Performing music at sight as opposed to performing music after Pitch - Highness or lowness of a rehearsing it. tone. Skip - Notes which are not next to each Proper Posture - Sitting or standing other on the staff. tall to make maximum use of breath. Social Instruments - Guitar, ukelele, banjo, piano, etc. Range - The number of tones that can be performed by the voice Sound Sources - Sounds that can be or an instrument. produced by materials normally found in the classroom. Examples Repair Person - A person who repairs are tapping a desk, slamming a musical instruments or equip- book, making vocal sounds, and ment. striking the wastebasket.

Repetition - One of the most im- Standard Notation - To write down music portant principles of structure. on paper using traditional music It may involve repetition of a Symbols. musical idea. Steps - Notes which are next to each Rhythm - Flow of sounds which can other on the staff. vary in length and have a pattern of accents. Strings - One of four main families of instruments. Some stringed instru- Rhythmic Pattern - A series of ments are violin, viola, and sounds having time value. string bass. Style - The method of treating all Tonal Pattern- A series of sounds the elements of music. which have a definite pitch.

Sub-dominant - Pertaining to the Tone - A sound with a definite pitch. fourth note of a scale. Tonic - The first and main tone of Syllables - Used in vocal exercises a scale or key. instead of a text (do, re, mi, fa). Traditional Notation- See Standard Notation. Syncopation - A shifting of the accent from its normal posi- Transpose - Rewriting or performing tion within the measure. a composition in another key such as E instead of the Tempo - The speed of the music original D. (how fast or how slow). Triad - A chord of three notes. Texture - The way melody, harmony, and rhythm fit together. Two-part Form - Music which has two main sections, with different Theme and Variations Form- A musi- musical elements in each. cal form resulting from the statement of a theme which is Two-part Music- Music written with followed by a number of modi- two harmony parts. fied restatements which are called variations. Variety - Using elements of contrast in a composition. Three-part Form - Music which has three main sections. The first Vowels - Vocal sounds such as a, o,u. and last are similar, but the middle section is made up of Whole Step - An interval including different musical elements. two half steps.

Three-part Music - Music written Woodwinds - One of four main sections with three harmony parts. of the orchestra. Some instruments are flute, piccolo, oboe, English Timbre - Quality of the sound, such horn, clarinet, bass clarinet, as squeaky, bright, mellow. bassoon, and double bassoon.

-77-82 RESOURCE MATERIALS

Idaho State Department ofEducation

Yearly Textbook Adoptions andGuidelines for Instructional Improvement. adopted publication which lists textsand other instructional materials included. for use in Idaho schools. Elementary music texts and materials Includes goals and objectives Secondary School Courses ofStudy, 1985. Idaho Elementary for secondary music classeswhich parallel those in the Music Course of Study, K-8.

Drive, Reston, VA Music EducatorsNationalConference, 1902Association 22091. Includes a The School Music Program: Description and Standards, 1986. curriculum outlines, staff conciserationale for music in schools, scheduling, physical facilities,materials and equipment.

Education: Contributionsof EclecticCurriculum in American Music Landis and Polly Carder. Dalcroze, Kodaly, and Orff, 1972. Beth three major European Principles and teaching procedures of information on common American musician-educators,including practical adaptations of their theories. A list of The MusicIndustry Conference Guide forMusic Educators. manufacturing and publishing firmswhich sd50y materials and equipment used in music education.

KOdaly Materials Daniel. Champaign, ILL: Kodaly in Kindergarten by Katinka Scipiades Mark Foster, 1981. Intermediate Level. The, Singing Book. Beginning Level. Second Level. By Marly Alice San Francisco: Renna/White Associates, 1977, 1983, 1981. Hein and Lois Choksy.

Englewood Cliffs: The Kodaly Method. 2nd ed., by Lois Choksy. Prentice-Hall, 1988.

The Kodaly Context byLois Choksy. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1981. songs and games with Sing and PlaybySandra Mathia's. A book of accompanying workbook. Columbus, OH: Nimbus, 1987. Orff. Materials

Discovering .Orff by' Jane Frazee, with Kent. Kreuter. New,,York: Schott,, 1987.

Holidays and Holy Days by Dianne Ladendecker. San Diego.: Curtis Music Press, 1986.

Sing We Noel, by' Mary Goetze. St. Lottis: MMB? Music, 1984'.

All Around the Buttercup. by Ruth Boshkoff. New York: Schott, 1984.

Metric Lan ua e: Rhythmic.Reading. by Ruth Pollack Hamm. Melville,NY: BeiwinMi s, 1975.

Tune Into Limericks by, Elizabeth Nichols. Hialeah, FL: Volkwein Bros., 1-§74.

Circle Round the Zero by. Maureen Kenney, St. Louis: MMB Music, 1974.

Orff Instrument Source Book, rev. ed., volts. 1, 2 by Elizabeth Nichols. Mil-Ville, NY: Be7VinMiTri, 1983,

General

Rhythm and Movement by. Elsa. Findlay. Princeton, NJ: Summy-Birchard, 1971.

Teachin MovementandDanceby Phyllis S. Weikart. Ypsilanti,MI: Hig Scope, 1982'.

Let's Slice the Ice by Eleanor Fulton and PatSmith. St. Louis: MMB Music, 1978.

150 American Folk Songs by Peter Erdei. Boosey & Hawkes, 1974.

120 Sin in9 Games and Dances for ElementarySchools by Lois Choksy and Davi Brummitt. Enjewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

Sourwood Mountain, ed. by Philip Tacka and Susan Taylor-Howell. Whitewater, WI: Organization of American Kodaly Educators, 1986. - --- ip , ill Si-, _ 11,1 ,16111 IC i. IR tri---Iis- )III11 [11 IIII ill lit..,H 1 lit , 1111, , , PI \..',' -.,-;6 1101 di 11 IIIIMI 11111 NU III - lil ::7 111:111 :ik_tilAi iiii il Nil "11 IIII Al II II I JAM --- 1400 1111 II: 111 --Iii 4' MIIIII IllII: 1.11 . ' i -11 II .1 I Ill IL 4111 4 1111 '.iiM tam 'lli: NV\NI IMI . . ..--- 1 . Ilk! Hi% it Pg.. 4N. relm, il :..., it...".1 li Nir III! I. 'lit . *11(11111111 - ., 110; 'JillI lit I1 lir' 10111 III! ill 1111 .- VI III 74"1 . . . IIII 1111 Poi ..on ill . II .um All 1 . 11111 4 4 r AR -.1 . 111 1 Al J1111 1I II1 1 11 I II - ii-iii 41,1 1111 it. 1111 t,111.. 'I'll ':' . ill ilk . . 119 ull 11 I 11 Phi . 111°id! ..1: OA '1' 1 .1 1p I ,0," Li liri " 10 . 1111et, di7- ill iti rill'IIII ik....lb it 1! Ardi io, IN 111 1111 1111 1111 III s, I II Ir),A ill 1111111 iiii III 110 fil .glil ill 11 , Ili 11 01. ib..,141 l'ill. 1111111 In 1111 Init.,do MIL Mi- 1111 III1Illt: V III Ilr 111 mi g!.,ill io, ill'Ili III 111111111("11 HILiii IIIim iiir 1111411M. 1: I iiii1111 III .' 11111111111 111 INI 1 ill! IIII 01 Illiill I 1111 iiili hi, 1 -.. hp lb ill :11111.; fiplill 1"11 _iii- III IllIN- 11111 IN itt- 1 . 111III 11111 :I IR 11)III PIINNS 1111illi Ill. It 11111 MIL Iii IL If 111111lii 1 Ili: II 111111 iiii . IIIII IlIl :: 1111,: IllAI ilh1111 [III11 1111 li 11111 ill 161110111. Pill Ier 1!41Iw III lir" 1 161.1111 11:11 . illil : III! III111111 it' 1Ili: IIII i MI 114 IIIIN III IP 1111 HO 1111 III ' Ilk 01Pkii! !ill III pi II rig. III 1111.11116- A Ill 1 ., 11 1111 Illa 1 11 1 $1.111'... . Ill hIni Pill%7 : ',1i Ali - III ICI im PIIII 1111!lit1111 -- _ 1111l Pi11111 Iiil r'1111 Lim 11-11111 NI -- 1 !whim 1 _ Ti IIIII itittill I :rill_ DA11_1_ AI !I'll 1111tililEill'iviilIl rill .1" - 11:1:!iiii Trill '1!Iii iiii - iiii :111 iiilitillIILIIll r 11AI .111PI 1111 , III i Ip l:14 Mil ii11nil 4111111Frill . 1111 Iii[11 II Ibil Iii m - III 'IldIT; mi ..1111 1111 - 110 1-.!! 1111 111 Ili' illilili;p.il milt ,:,;! In .Ili 1111 - 1mil aiiii 01 111 11110 illIII iiiiini - 111Ilhil til:(2111 : - hi I'll111E11Ill .1'1 ill i iitill:1.111111 .'"" iiii li,Iii iiiiIII 111511ihi IllII,,, Hi ,= mi i ill In.. 11..II- 'Pll 1111 millAlm 1111(III I 111 0,Ill ilii, 1f11 - 9 I 11. ono"ARMMINIM Will'11-- An - 1111 lii1111NI 1:1111nIu1l_n 1.1 1 liiiiiil IIII ... Federal law prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability in any educational programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance.(Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1984; Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.)

It is the policy of the Idaho State Department of Education not to discriminate in any educational programs or activities or in employment practices.

Inquiries regarding compliance with this nondiscriminatory policymaybedirectedtoJerryL Evans,State Superintendent of Public Instruction, P.O. Box 83720, Boise, Idaho 83720-0027, phone 208-334-3300 (TDD 208-334-3337), or to the Director, Office of Civil Rights, Department of Education, Washington, D.C.

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