~CENSUS OF INDIA 1961
VOLUME I
I N.D I A
PART XI-A ( i ) LAND TENURES IN INDIA
A "iOK MITRA Regist,.ar GenerAl7 India ex-officio Census Commissioner; India & BALDEV R.AJ KALRA llesea ch ()~cer Office of the . RegIstrar General, India CENSUS OF INDIA 1961-UNION PUBLICATIONS
PA'RT I G~neral Report on the Census, sub-divided into three sub-parts viz. Part I-A General Report Part l-A(i) (Tc:;xt) Levels of Regional Development in India Part I-A(i) (Tables) Levels of Regional Development in India Part I-B Vital Statistics of the decade Part I-C Subsidiary Tables PART II Census Tables of Population, sub-divided into: Part II-A(i).. General Population Tables Part II-A(ii) Union 'Primary Census Abstracts Part I1-B(i} GeneraJ Economic Tables (H-I to B-IV) Part II-B{ii) General Economic Tables (B-V)' Part II-B(iii) General Economic Tableq (B-VI to B-IX) Part I1-C(i} Social and Cultural Tables Part II-C(i i) Language Tables Part I1-C(iii) Migration Tables (D-I toTI-V) Part II-C(iv) Migration Tables (D-VI) PART III
Part In(i) Householr.l Economic Tables (14 States) Pa(t IIT(ii) House~old Economic Tables (India, Uttar Pradesh & Union Territories) 'f: PART IV Part IV-A(i) Housing Report Part IV-A(ii) Report on Industrial Establishments Palt IV-A(iii) House Types & Village Layouts Part IV-B Housing & Establishment Tables
PART V Spec~al Tables of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Ethnographic Notes, sub· divided into two sub--parts viz.- ' Part V-A(i) Special Tables for SCheduled Castes Part V-A(ii) Special Tables for Scheduled Tribes Part V-B Ethnographic Notes
PART VI Village Survey Monograph
PART VII - Monographs on Rural Crops ~urvey and list of Fairs and Festivals Part VII-A Handicraft Survey Monograph Part VlI-B Fairs and Festivals
PART VIII Administration Report Part VIII-A Administration Report (Enumeration) Part VIII-B Administration Report (Tabulation) Not for sale' ,i PART IX Census Atlas Volume PART X Special Report on fities with population of one million and gvet,
PART XI Special Surveys CONTENTS
A- FOREWOltD .... PAGES-... B-INTRODUCTION i-lxiv C-TABLES 1. Andhra Pradesh 1- 9 2. Assam 10- 17 3. Bihar 18- 45 4. Gujarat 46- 53 5. Jammu and Kashmir 54- 69 6. Kerala 70- 71 7. Madhya Pradesh 72- 83 8. Madras 84- 87 9. Maharashtra 88-103 10. Mysore 104-115 11. Orissa 116-155 12'. Punjab 156-159 13. Rajasthan 160-167 14. Uttar Pnfdesh 168-171 15. West Bengal 172-199 16. Andaman and Nicobar, Islands 200-201 17. Delhi 202-203 18. Himachal Pradesh 204-209 19. Laccadive Minicoy and Amindivi Islands 210-211 20. Manipur 212-215 21. Tripura 216-219 22. Pondicherry 220-223 . "
FOREWORD, Land Reforms provide the social, eoonomic and institutional framework fOl' agricultural development and social justice. A study of the new land tenure pattern that has emerged after immense ~nd unprecedented wave of land reforms since 1947 is, there fore, of crucial importance. Information on land tenures in India was collected for the first t,ime in 1961 through the Household Schedule. The present study gives a complete inventory of various types of tenures and tenancies in terms of their local and legal terminologies, and classifies them according to the natures of rights held by them. ... Though the principal aim' of the Tables is to present a qualitative picture of tenures and tenancies of a great . variety still prevalent in different parts of the country and their classification, yet some broad statistical picture is discernible which throws some light on the dimensions of the problem. The Tables indicate that in 1961, the tenanted households still...oonstituted about,23% of the total cultivating' households. The propor tion wa.s still higher in certain States such as Bihar, Kerala arid Punjab 'Yhich suggests uneven pace of land reforms in different States. The Report focuses its a.ttention on the problem of 'disguised tenancies' whic;h. do n~t enjoy any protection under the law. It points out that the phenomenon of 'disguised tenancies', as reflected througll the ratio of leased-out households .to leased-in households, is fairly widespread throughout the country and is a major impediment in effective implementation of land reforms and the avowed objective of the 'land to the tiller'. Even in respect of the 'tenancies recorded under the Census, 82% of the tenants and share-oroppers still do not enjoy permanency of tenure. They are either tenants-at-will, are subjeot to landlords' right of resumption or enjoy tempo:r;ary protection only. The position in this respect is worse in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Madras, Bihar, ~rissa, Punjab and West Bengal. ( While before 1947, zamindaries, jagirs and inams covered nearly half the country, such non-raiyatwari tenures constituted hardly 2.75% of tb,e total households owning or holding from the Government in 1961. It shows the extent to whioh legislation for the abolition of intermediaries has succeeded, which is by far the most redeeming feature of agraIian reforms in India. The .raiyatwari system or. plot proprietorship with right of occupancy is the most prevalent form of land ownership in India now and is expected to be the keynote of agricultural development and soQial justice. This compilation and analysis has been possible on account of the dedication which Shri B. R. Kalra, Research Officer, brought to the t·ask from the inception of the project until its completion. To him will go much of the credit of the clarity witli"which the concepts aJ}d categories were evolved and the thoroughness with which all entries in ,this compendium were checked. It is hoped that the attempt made in the Report which has be~n a pioneering venture will serve a useful purpose in the field of agricultural econom1CS.
New Delhi. ASOK MITRA Apri115. 1968. Registrar General, India.
INTRODUCTION The canvassing of Household Schedule in and collection of information about these two 1961 Census was done for the first time in Indian occupations with a household .a.s a unit would Census. It was considered .that cultivation and give more meaningful results. The form of th~ household industry were household enterprises Household Schedule is reproduced below: CONFIDENTIAL CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 [ To be filled up during Enumeration] Is this an institution'! PART I-HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE 1 LOCATIONCODE:.______~ I Full Name of Head ~ ______s'S_-I- ! of Household S.T. f
A. CultivRtioD Local name of nght Area III acres . on land 1. Land under cultivation by Household . (i) owned or held from Gt>vernment -_ .. ----.-
(ii) held from private persons or institutions for payment in.money. kind or share
(iii) Total of items (i) and (ti) .6 .•.•••.••.•••...••••.••.•••••.•..••.••...•..••.•.••.•..•.•.•••••...... -...... 2. tand given to private person$ for cultiva- tion for payment in money. kind or share B. Housebold. Industry Nature of Industry Household Indllstry (not on the scale of a Number of registered factory) conducted by the Head months in of the household himself and/or mainly the year ~- members of the household at home or during which within the village in rural areas and only conducted at home in urban areas I (a) ---.--.-
(b) , C. Workers at CuItiTation or Housebold Industry Members of family working : Members including Head of family working Hired and hired workers. if any. kept wholetime Workers during current or last working season Head Other Other Total .. - males females . 1. Household Cultivation only -·------i------,-- 2. Household Industry only I - I 1----- 3. Both in Household Cultivation & , Household Industry ii
Part 'A' of the Household Schedule related to family worker in (a) cultivation of land or super cultivation only. While sub-part A.I, covered all vision or direction of cultivation of land owned or cultivating households, the ~ub-part A.2 related held from G?,:ernment,. a.q? (b) cultivation of to households who had leased out or sub-leased land or superVISIOn or dIrectIOn of cultivation of their lands. All cultivating households under land 'held from private persons or institutions for sub-part A.·l were classified into two categories: payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation viz., (i) owned or 1).eld from Government and involves ploughing, sowing and harvesting . and (ii) held from private p~rsons or institutions for does not include fruit growing or keeping orchhrds payment in money, kind or share. Against each or groves or working -for plantations. like tea, category, local names of rights on land and also coffee, rubber, cinchona and other medicinal area in acres were recorded. The Instructions t(l plantations". ,r the Enumerators issued in this behalf were as under.- Apart from the nature of work, the 1961 Census laid down a'minimum norm of quantum of , 'Sub-part 'A' relating to euitivation will have to be work for making a person eligible to be recorded filled in only where the household cultivates land. as cultivator. A person was a cultivator if he (Land includes all land normally used for cultivation had sonie regular work of more than one hour a purposes including temporary fallows). Three cate gories of land, are given in items 1 (i), 1 (ii) and 2. day throughout the greater part of the working Items 1 (i) and 1 (ii) relate to land actually culti season. Work included not only actual work but vated by the household. Item 2 relates to land effective supervision and direction of work. which is not cultivated by the household but has been given by it to private persons for cultivation It- can be seen from above that the terms for payment in money, kind or share. In each of 'cultivation', 'cultivator' or 'cultivating house the three cases the total of separate plots or parcels of land in different places. owned or held, or taken hold' are defj.ned from operational and not legal or given should be made and entered. A number point of view. 'Cultivation' denotes a productive of lines has been. provided for this purpose in 1 (i) activity and the enumeration of a person as culti and 1 (ii) to account for separate plots or parcels of vator was contingent upon his performance of land held or owned or taken under different recog certain 'economic functions, viz., undertaking nised local rights. If the household (a) cultivates land owned or held from Government or taken from supervision or decision-taking, undertaking the private'persons or institutions or (b) has given land risk of cultivation and puttiilg in physical labour. to private persons for cultivation purposes you For supervision being effective -and genuine it was should ascertain the locar name of the right on such stipUlated that the household should reside within land and record in the column relating to 'local name of right on land'." such distance from the lands that such supervision on the part of the household is feasible. This was The filling of part 'A' of the Household made clear in the instructio.ns to the enu~rators Schedule involved two-fold conceptual implication. as stated below; . Firstly, a cultivating household was to be dis "Categories I (i) and (ii) will include only those· tinguished from a non-cultivating household. plots or parcels of land which are cultivated'by the Secondly, .a cultivating household was to be classi household itself, that is, lands which lie within the fied according to (1) owning or holding directly village, or in adjacent village&"! or within such a distance as enables the household to work on the from Government and (2) holding from private land or actively supervise the cultivation. They will persons or institutions for payment in !Doney, not include land owned or held in distant places kind or share. A household or a holdmg was wh~re distance itself is a bar to active cultivation, adopted as a unit of enquiry because a household constant supervision or direction. But Category 2 will include land in any part of the country whatso is generally an operational as well as an insti ever," tutional unit, i.e., a unit of cultivation and a unit of right in land. A person undertakes the risk, in full when he is the sole recipient of his crop outturn, and As regards the former, a cultivating house whatever payments he makes are in the form hold was one in which one or more members of of wages in cash or kind, and partially the household were cultivators, irrespective of the when he shares the crop with another person. fact whether cultivation was their principal or Performance of physical labour, though I!n impor secondary occupati()n. For purposes of the Census, tant element in cultivation, did. not tantamount to. a person was working as cultivator "if he or she self cultivation unless it was accompanied by is engaged either as employer, single worker or supervisio.n and risk taking. The concept of culti ~ iii vation has ~ bearing- upot\ the following border In 1961 Census, a crop-sharer 1s treated as line sections of population which have an interest cultivator because he holds land from a private in land: person on payment of rent as share of the PToduce. The tenancy laws of different States do not treat 1 Non-cultivating owners; crop-shar~rs on a uniform bSlsls. In some Sta,tes, 2 Share-croppers; and for eX'i},mple, crop-sharers such as bqrgadarB and 3 Agricultural labourers. .bhagcha8i8 in West Bengal, adhiar8 in Assam and sajhidar8 in Uttar Pradesh are not treated as The term cultivator is not synonymous with tenants under the respective tenancy legi&lations that of a landowner and does not signify a title on and the lands held by the aforesaid crop-~harers the land. A landowner could be a cultivator as are treated ~under the personal cultivation of the well as a non-cultivator. Similarly, a cultivator landlords. However, 1961 Census treats all could be a landowner too or he could have no crop sharing arrangements as cultivation, by the legal interest in land. The non-cultivating owner, crop-sharers notwithstanding the fact that such though being the recipIent of income from land, arrangements are not recognised under the law, does not undertake any productive activity and, as tenancies. hence, is not a cultivator according to the 'work' approach adopted in 1961 Census. An agricul It is evident that a cultivating household is an turallabourer is nol also a cultivator because he operational term and does not suggest by itself does not undertake supervision or risk of culti any interest in land. It, however, suggests one vation. Although these two categories are, by thing: that a cultivating household is engaged in implication, excluded from being classified as the augmentation of agricultural resources through cultivators, tuis was further made clear in the performance of certain vital economic functions Instructions to the enumerators which read as and, as such, should stand to gain from the under :- various agrflrian reforms and development measu res adopted by the Government . .. A person who has given out his land to another person or persons for cultivation for IUoney. kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or As stated earlier, all CUltivating households direct cultivation of land. will not be treated as are classified in the Household Schedule under working as cultivator. Similarly. a person working two broad categories, viz., (i) owned or held from in another person's land only as a labourer and has Government and (ii)' held from private persons or no right or lease or contract on land on which he institutions for payment in money, kind or share. works. nor is responsible for taking decisions as to which crops to sow and when, or taking the risks of This classification again was not purported to cultivation and is paid for wagj:s in cash, kind or highlight the statutory stat~s. enjoyed by the share such as share of the produce (agricultural cultivators. The classification is, however, signi labourer) will not be treated as cultivator in this ficant in the context of the avowed policy of the question." Government that all cultivators should hold land In most of the States there are well-known expres directly from Government and that there should sions for distinguishing agricultural labourers from be no intermediary between the two_ The present tenants and crop-sharers. Thus, in Punjab, classification has been eminently suited to fied Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, a out the extent to which the elimination of inter sebi or a mazdoor is an agricultural labourer while mediaries has progressed. a muzara is a tenant. In Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, the bataidar and The two categories in which all cultivating sajhidar are cultivators while the halwalia or hali households are classified may enfold a variety of is a labourer. Similarly, in West Bengal, as tenures and tenancies. For the guidance of the against bargadar8 and bhagcha8is who cultivate as enYmerators, these were listed in the Instructions crop-sharers, the kri8imajur is a labourer. The according to the nature of rights enjoyed- by the terms used fer tenants are cowl or- kool in Andhra holders of those tenures and tenan6ies. The Pradesh -and Maharashtra, ganotia and bhagi in Instructions to the enumerators had run as Gujarat and kuttagi and wardmdar in Madras. Ulfder :- The terms for agricultural labourers in the "Category 1 (i) land owned or held from Govern respective States are paleru, cooli, hali, sathi, and ment, will include the total of all pieces of land pannaiyal. owned or held in owner-like possession, e.g., land iv
held directly from Government under a· grant, leas.e tenancies under the two categorier. If the term or assignment '(i) with rights of permanent. hen-" 'ownership' amounts to permanent, heritabJe and table and tran~ferable possession, (ii) with rights of transferable right of occupancy, the holders of permanent and heritable possession, but with~u.t the such rights could obtain under category 1 (i) as right of transfer and (iii) temporary or conditional leases of any kind with the Government.. C!lte~ory well as under category 1 (ii). At. the same 1 (ii) land taken from private persons or l~StI.tut!Ons time, there could be holders of land without any for payment in money, kind or. share, wIll tnclude permanency of tenures in both the categories. (i) with rights of p~:ma~ent,.heritable and transfer However, after abolition of intermediaries, a large able possession, (ll) with ~Ights o~ permanent an~ heritable possession but without rIght of transfer, majority of tenants with right of occupancy have (iii) held in a variety of tenancies or tenures which been brought directly under the State and, there may be broadly classified as follows: fore, the holders having permanent and heritable rights with or without right of transfer should (a) tenants holding land with permanent and generally obtain under category 1 (i) and not heritable rights whose land cannot be resumed by the owner on grounds ?f category I (ii). In other words, cultivating house personal cultivation (such tenants may III holds owning or holding directly from the Govern some cases have the right of transfer ment should generally be owner-cultivators, i.e., also); holding on the basis of permanent and heritable right of occupancy, and those holding from private (b) tenants who have been given permanent rights subject to the right of resumption by persons or institutions should mostly be tenant the owner (in some cases the tenant has the cultivators. It was comparatively easier to record right to acquire ownership of the non-resu the information by categorising all cultivating mabie area. In other cases he does not households in the present manner than on the possess the right); basis of owner-cultivators and tenant cultivators. (c) tenants holding land in areas where interim measures have been enacted for stay of ejectment or for continuing the leases for a The task of classifying all the cultivating specified petiod; households' under the two categories was not generally difficult) from practical point of view. In (d) tenants holding land on temporary leases some of the States, the principal tenures such who are liable to ejectment; and as bhumidars in Uttar Pradesh, bhumisU'amis in Madhya Pradesh, pattedars in Madras, raiyat in (e) areas held on condition of rendering service either to a village community or to West Bengal and maliks in Punjab hold their land Government (This also includes cases only from Government and should present no where labourers on plantations are given difficulty in classifying them under category 1 (i) some land for cultivation with permanent of the Schedule. However, in· some States where rights); and the land tenure system is still complicated and the (iv) the following :--- implementation of land reform legislation is in progress, it was not easy for an enumerator to (a) land taken for a fixed amount of money, judge whether a particular tenure was held directly from the Government or from a private person or (b) land taken for a fixed amount of produce, an institution. It could be that in one part of the Cc) land taken for a share of the produce, S!ate a particular tenure or tenancy was hela dIrectl,)' from the Govern~ent and in other part it (d) land for which money is paid partly in one was strll held from a pnvate person or an insti and partly in' any other form menlioned tution. Besides, even under the new tenurial set above, and up, the same tenure may be held directly from the (e) land held free of consideration. GoyerJ?me;'1t as well as from a private person or an instItutIOn. For example, an asami in D.P. Category 2 Land given to private persons for cultivation for payment in money, kind or share may hold from a bhumidar or sirdar as weIl as will include the classifications mentioned in from a Gaon Sabha (Lands held from Government category 1 (ii)". institutions like Gaon Sabha, Panchayat etc. are sh?wn _und.er ~ategory 1 (i) and those held from The instructions are indicative of the fact that pnvate InstItutIOns such as co-operatives, religious there is still a great diversity of interests in land trusts etc. are shown under category 1 (ii) of the enjoyed by the holders of the tenures and Schedule.) In all such cases, it was incumbent v upon the enumerators to verify from the respon CLASSIFICATIONS AND TABULATION OF dents whether the tenure was held directly from LOCAL NAMES OF RIGHTS IN. LAND: the Government or from a private persod or institution. The present study on land tenures'is based on !he data collected in the Households Schedule. N stated earlier, an enumerator was required to In 1951 Census, the concepts used for ggri record, in respect of every cultivating and leasing cultural classes were : (i) cultivators of 19nds. out household, the local name of rights on land wholly or mainly owned, (ii) cultivators of l~nds cultivated or leased out by the household. The wholly or mainly unowned, (iii) cUltivating local name of the tenure was -recorded against labourers of land, and (iv) non-cultivating owpers category 1 (i), 1 (ii) or 2 according as the tenure of land and agricultural rent receivers. Cultivators was owned or held from Government, and held of land wholly or mainly owned included not pnly from or given to private persons or institutions, land owners in raiyatwari areas such as raiyats respectively. and occupants but also tenants having permaflent and heritable right of possession, wi,th or witllout The present study is based on the data on the right of< transfer, holding under the former land tenures collected in the Household Schedules zamindars and jagirdars. These tenants, with rigllt of of three non-tribal villages and one tribal village occupancy, while holding under private person& or of each tehsil or taluk in the country. One town institutions, were treated at par with !and owners of category V whose population exceeds 5 thou holding directly under the State. Non-owning sands but not 10 thousands was additionally in cultivators comprised of only those tentlnts, cluded from each tehsil. 20 percent of the House holding under private persons of institutions, who hold Schedules had been used up for Household did nat enjoy permanent and heritable ri~hts. Economic Tables through mechanical tabulation. Crop-sharers were, of course, treated as pon The data on land tenures was, therefore, obtained owning cultivators and not as cultivating labourers, for tabulation from the remaining 80 percent of the latter category being identical with that of the Household Schedules of the selected villages agricultural labourers in 1961. The last category and towns. (iv) consisted of all rent receiving interests which covered not only former zamindars, jagirdars and In so far as the selection of villages and towns inamdars but also raiyatwari holders and occu from each tehsil or taluk was concerned, three pancy tenants who had leased out their lal(lds. nQn-tribal viIIages were selected systematically with Thus, while the basis for making a distinotion a random start. However, the selection of a tribal between CUltivating and non-cultivating classes was village and a town of class V was made on an ad the same both in 1951 and in 1961, the same hoc basis, sampling being confined to selection of was not the case in further classifying the culti three non-tribal villages only. In respect of taluks vating classes. By identifying occupancy tentlnts, or tehsils which were predominantly tribal, the holding under the intermediaries, with raiyatwari data was collected on the basis of three tribal vill- holders holding directly from the GovernmefJt, it - ages selected through systematic sampling and one was not possible to get a correct idea about the non-tribal village and town of class V, selected on an extent of leasing. In this respect, the 1961 cbtssi ad hoc b~sis. At the other end, if there was no tribal fication was definitely more scientific, practical village as such in a taluk or tehsil or there was and realistic and was designed to bring out the a small portion of tribal population. interspersed leasing aspect in all its dimensions. The 8th and with non-tribal population, all the villages 16th round of the N.S.S. also mainly followed the were selected without the distinction of tribals 1951 Census approach and the concepts used were and non-tribals. In such cases also, if it was owned and self-cultivated, and leased-in house possible to spot out certain vil)ages in which tribal holds, the term leased-in including only tp.os~ population might predominate, the selection oCa Irouseholds who did not enjoy permanent and tribal village was made from among such villages. heritable right of occupancy. The leasing in house holds with permanent and heritable right of In respect of taluks or tehsils which have got possession were considered to be owned and self m> towns of class V, the irtformation was collected cultivated. only on the basis of three non-tribal and one tribal villages. The purpose of including a town of class V vi w~s not to find out the difference in the nature possible to get that pi~ture f.J,:otn rural ~reas only ~ of tenures between rural and urban areas but to study the leasing out aspect of those urban areas The study on land tenurfis covers in all 11,40,z which have an organic relationship with· rural areas, villages out of which 1889 are -tribal villages. It so ~s to make out a compostie picture of land further covers 694 towns of class V. The list of tenure pattern obtaining in a tal\lk.ln taluks which number of sample villages, and towns selected in have characteristically no towns of class V, it is each State is given in the Table I below:.
Table I
Total No. of No. of Tribal No. of State/Union Territory Sample Villages S~ple Villages Sample (included tribal) Towns
Andhra Pradesh 624 93 61 Assam 40~V 80 19 Bihar 2,300 424 38 Gujarat 664 227 :6 Jammu and Kashmir 128 4 Kerala 165 11 Madhya Pradesh 722 240 72 Madras 412 103 Maharashtra 908 116 61 Mysore 380 63 Orissa 1,253 348 2; Punjab 222 6 38 Rajasthan 854 144 43 Ottar l'radesh 924 64 West Bengal 1,072 116 31
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 16 Delhi 20 Himachal Pradesh 100 24 4 Manipur 34 19 Tripilra, 180 52 Pondicherry 15
Total :, 1,1402 1;889 694 .s Vll
The number of sample households, including The number comes to about 2.5 % of the total tribal, undet each. category, selected for study in cultivating households in the country. different States is tabulated below (Table II).
Table II
No. of sample households selected for study in different States
-'State/Union• TerritorY No. of Total households No. of Tribal households Owned Held Land Total Owned Held Land Total or held from leased. or from leased from private out to hel~ private out to the persons private from persons private Govern- or ins- persons the or persons ment titutions Govern- institutions ment 1 • .J. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Andhra Pradesh 116,829 25.406 17,827 160,062 3,942 573 353 4,868 Assam 86,498 27,163 22,065 135,726 9,536 • 924 870 11,,330 Bihar 221,944 128,409 350,353 27,286 5,190 32.476 Gujarat 67,147 8.160 2,046 77,953 18,636 3,145 588 22,369 Jammu and ~ashmir 7;829 Z,611 973 11 ,413 Kerala 90,205 40,939 131,144 Madhya Pradesh 48.802 7,878 3,480 60.160 9.703 -1,753 690 12,146 Madras 79,029 20,856 3,090 102,975 Maharashtra 103,837 23,57l 6,617 134,025 6,591 1,988 329 8,908 Mysore 53,490 17.896 8,904.~ 80,290 Orissa 81,151 15,392 6,283 102;826 6,508 632 121 7,261 Punjab 17.368 10,917 5,028 33.313 101 15 116 Rajasthan 65,672 3,179 923 69,774 2,517 28 3 2,548 Uttar Pradesh 76.985 9,247 565 86.797 West Bengal 71,432 22,004 8,281 101,717 1,653 1,855 142 3,650
Andaman and 197 39 2 238 - Nicobar Islands Delhi 490 81 13 584 Himachal Pradesh 3,647 1,352 99.8 5,997. 673 284 44 1,001 Lac,cadive, 475 123 598 Minicoyand Amindivi Islands Manipur 2,381 282 37 2';/00 625 73 698 Tripura 7,083 4.057 1.233 12,373 1,335. 605 1,940 pondichetry .745 599 306 1.650
Total (tndia) 1,203,236 370,761 - 88,671 1,~2,668 89,106 17,065 3,140 109:311 ., viii
EXTENT OF TENANCY summary position of the extent of tenancy obtaining in different States in 1961. The following Table (Table III) presents Table III Extent of tenancy in 1961 and 1951
Percentage of tenant Percentage of leased Percentage of leased- cultivators to total in households to total out households to leased-in households State/Union Territory cultivators 1951 cultivating households (Males) 1961 (Based on under column 3-1961 2.5 % sample) (Based on2..5 % sample) (1951) (1961) (1961) ---_._-- - 2 3 4
17.69 23.56 23.95 INDIA 70.11 Andhra Pradesh 17.86 18.38 18.11 75.24 Former Madras Area 62.49 Former Hyderabad Area 17.45· 81.23 Assam 22.36- 23.90 Bihar 15.05 36.65 Gujarat 11.54 23.36 Former Bombay Area 14.39 20.58 Former Saurashtra Area 2.34 85.55 Former Kutch Area 20.78 17.31 11.79 Maharashtra 18.50 28.07 Former Bombay Area 21.19 21.15 Former Hyderabad Area 16.26 54.06 Former M. P. Area 6.56 60.47 37.27 Jammu & Kashmir 25.01 Kerala 38.00 31.22 Madhya Pradesh 12.29 13.90 44.17 14.82 Madras 19.68 20.88 25.07 "9.75 Mysore 75.15 Former Mysore Area 19.11 Former Bombay Area 33.27 32.48 ~ Former Hyderabad Area 19.0& 17:65 63.68 45.60 17.15 Former Madras Area 73.76 Former Coorg Area 32.22 40.82 Orissa 12.27 15.94 46.06 Punjab 38.60 Former Punjab Area 27.03 37.46 048.58 , Former PEPSU Area 41.02 41.14 ..Rajasthan 34.94 4.62 29.03 Uttar Pradesh 8.85 10.72 6.11 West Bengal 28.86 23.55 37.78 Union Territories Andaman and Nicobar Islands 9.91 16.53 5.13 Delhi 14.00 14.19 16.05 Himachal Pradesh 9.46 27.05 73.82 Laccadive, Mincoy and Amindivi Islands 19.22 20:57 Manipur 13.46 10.59 13.12 Tripura 16.82 36.42 30.39 'Pondicherry 44.57 51.09- Sikkim 9.41. N.A. --M;---A. Note :-195! includes both principal and secondary occupations as owner or tenant cultivators. In 1961, households which are party owned and partly leased-in, are counted against both owned and leased-in households. ix
"the Tal;le (col. 3) shov,:s. that in, the whole and the problem 9f disguised tenancies se~ms States of Assam,/ Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir, to be a common feature thrql,1ghout tne country. Kerala, Madra,s, Mysore, Punjab, West, Bengal However, while in Aildhra' Pradesh, Assam, itr;d and- the UOlon Territories of Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, the proportion is as high n~ Pondicherry and Tripura, the rate ,of leasing-in between 70 % to 80 %, Bihar and Kerala, where is higher' as compared to the rest of the the tenancy problem is very acute, are on the States and Union Territories. 'In these States, other extreme and only a negligible number of comprehensive tenancy legislation for tenants andl leased-out households could be recorded. How or crop-sharers has yet to be implemented and the ever, the ratios do not indicate any pattern fol;' provisions for bringing tenants and crop-sharers mosi.of th'e States and do not suggest a,ny relation into direct relationship with the State and ship with the nature of tenancy legislation, declaring them owners have yet to be formulated recording of tenancies, right and· extent of leasing or enforced. Secondly, certain intermediary etc. tenures have yet to be abolished in the States of Assam, Kerala, Madras, Mysore (Coorg), Himachal The Table (Cols. 2 & 3) gives a rough idea Pradesh and Pondicherry. In Tripura, the legis about the extent of tenancy obtaining in 1951 and lation for abolition of intermediaries had not been -1961. However, the data for the two periods is enforced at the time of 1961 Census:-- Lastly, not strictly comparable. While in 1951 the unit another reason for low rate of tenancy recorded in of enquiry was an individual, it was a household former Hyderabad areas, Saurashtra area of in 1961. In 1951., the distinction was 'between Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and owner cultivator and tenant cultivator while in Delhi is that in these States, leasing in future by 1961, the distinctio.n made, as stated earlier,.was land owners has been'restricted or prohibited. It between those ~wning or holding directly under ..is, however, difficult to say whether the tenancies the Government and those holding under a private recorded in these States were created - under the person or institution. The Table, howe~er, law (e. g., leasing by disabled persons), or these broadly sugge,sts .that, in spite of' various land are in contravehtion of the law. reform measures, the level of tenancy has gone up in most of the States, or at least, it has not dec Col. 4 of the Table indicates the proportion lined. However, ,if we also take into account the of leased-out households to leased-in households. intermedia~y .ten~res I.ike zamir:ci.aris, jafJir~ and While the number of leased-in and leased-out inams Subslstmg III varIOUS States III 1951, the pro households should not necessarily be the same, the portion of cultivators "now holding directly 'under difference between the two,may convey* some idea the Government should be considerably higher. about the extent of disguised or informal tenancy. The proportion of leased-out households to leased The following Table disclos'es the extent of in households is only 24 % for the country as a tenancy in tribal areas : Table IV Proportion of leased-in households to total cultivating households (1961) (Tribal) Andhra Pradesh 12.69 Punjab 12.93 Ass1\m 8.83 Rajasthan 1.10 Bihar 15.98 West Bengal , 52.88 Gujarat 14.44 Himachal Pradesh 29.68 Madhya Pradesh 15,30 Manipur 10.46 Maharashtra 23.17 Tripura 31.19 ,,, Orissa 8.85 Total (India) ~6.~7 The table reveals that except in West Bengal, restricted the scope Jor leasing. Leasing is also the incidence of cultivation through tenants is not possible under the .communal type of owner lower i.n predominantly tribals areas than in other ship prevailing in tribal areas. areas. This may be perhaps because the tribals are economically'and culturally self cultivators and not The tenures and tenancies recorded under the much prone to lease out their lands. Besides, the two categories, VlZ., owned or held from the operation of laws prohibiting transfers (inCluding Government and held from private persons or insti Leasing) by tribals to non-tribals could have tutions, were further classified aceording to the na-
Note :-*Disguised or informal tenancies may cover a variety of crop sharing arrangements which have all the characteristics of tenancy but are not recorded,as such in the revenue records. Such arrangemants are os\ensibly treated as cultivation through hired labour and tenancy rights' obtaining under the law do not accrue to such cultivatiD.i' tenants. - x ture of rights appertaining to each tenure or HOUSEHOLDS OWNING OR HOLDING FROM tenancy and the classification was designed to furnish GOYERNMENT . an all-India framework of rights in land into which each individual tenure or tenancy could be In the following Tables (Table V. 1 to V.4) fitted. households owning or holding directly under the Government have been classified according to the nature of rights held by them. ~
Table V. 1 Local names and legal terminology of tenures and tenancies according to the nature of rights in land Owned or held from the Government (Item 1 (i) of the Schedule) No. of Households
State/Union Total Territory
Andhra Pradesh 116,,829 99,428 4.272 1,127 12,002 Assam 86,498 54,348 6,198 256 23,427 320 1,949 Bihar 221,944 155,438 61,776 1,937 1,670 983 140 Gujarat 67,147 45,934 17,866 1,147 468 884 847 Jammu and Kashmir 7,829 6,691 410 616 52 60 Madhya Pradesh 48,802 37,631 9,418 55 815 638 245 Madras 79,029 63,197 13,787 478 1,567. Maharashtra 103,837 96,225 4,600 1,287 1,631 94 Mysore 53,490 51,273 1,031 1,139 47 Orissa 81,,151 68,573 5.307 4,465 883 1,624 275 24 Punjab 17,368 17,211 157 Rajasthan 65,672 55,230 , 5,048 S 1,575 37 3,777 Uttar Pradesh 76,985 28.555 45,878 2,297 255 West Bengal 71,432 68.664 1,446 123 962 77 160
Andaman and Nicobar 197 78 119 Islands Delhi 490 485 1 4 Himachal Pradesh 3,647 3,418 143 9 49 I 28 Manipur. 2,381 1,505 598 69 192 17 Tripura 7,083 4,973 481 611 1,018 Pondicherry 745 714 31
INDIA 1,112,556 789.967 87,470 142,088 30,573 35,861 17,348 2,852 6,397 xi
Table V.l· Local names and legal terminology of tenures and tenancies according to the nature of rights in land Owned or held from the Government (Item 1 (i) of the Schedule) . No. of Households (Tribal)
\ ,cOO "0 ;3 oS • 0 :€ .... c:: '" ..., .~..: J,.9 gj -au 8.'''' 6h"t:l ~..sJ,..c~ .~~ §.~ _ ...... ;J s·_ t:I en c·..... '" ~5~§.2 ~ 5 § §~. ~ (.) ~::: ~ o~.s u ~ 5-4._ 0 .~] i3 "'=' ~ ~; 1) ...... "' .... c:: po;; S 'O~ ..... rIl~ ~ ~ 0 State/Union Total § Ocn... ,B p,0._ oS -0 8"0 fj .... -S'v.l ~~5 ." Territory o~~g;d ,c",C::"'ib "' ...... ""td..,8 "0 (Tribal) ,c., '" ,'" "" _g~&.!l; .... 0 '" t)C .~ u 't::~.£ &'i:! 'C P4 v _g.= 0"0 ~ c::88 0 9 .~~.; &~ ~tt-t- '- "'",0 .9 :s ~ -5 -3u ... ~ o~.~ 0 ...... >. oS:! ;'O~.2 g> 0"' .... ;8..90 OoS '" ~ ...... ,D.- ~~'S.26 ...... ~- O,c';::: e"O o-§,.-~,c :giSt: c:: >.0 tl ~. e "0'" >. ~ Lot.~ o~·c....,~ C::'" 1:3 &'.~],B-§ p::.;:::] <2 i!: ~.;::~.E.;::: ~:;g 8e'O J;Q~ .:; g
Andhra Pradesh 3,942 3,091 64 8 719 Assam 9,536 6,198 1,501 1,837 Bihar 27,286 132 26,887 82 116 69 Gujarat 18,636 17,355 82 272 216 160 551 Madhya Pradesh ~,703 9,418 10 63 171 41 Maharashtra 6,591 5,046 921 89 500 35 Orissa 6.508 5,274 119 98 801 210 6 Punjab 101 101 Raja~than 2,517 2,204 5 308 West Bengal 1,653 1,427 104 S 111
Himachal Pradesh 673 664 8 I Manipur 625 598 27 Tripura 1,335 756 328 251
INDIA 89,106 26,481 746 53,207 607 2,555 1,825 2,375 1,310 xii
Table V. 3 Local names and legal terminology of tenures and tenancies according to the nature 'of rights in land Owned or. held from the Govem.m~nt'(Item'1 (i) billie Sch~ifuJe) !.. Percentage distribution
State/Union Total Territory
Andhra Pradesh 100.00 85JI 3.66 0.96 to.27 Assam 100.00 62.8~ -'.17 0.30 27.08 0.37 2.25 Bihar 100.00 70.04 27.84 0.87 0.75 0.44 0.06 Gujarat 100.00 68.41 26.61 1.71 0.70 1.31 0.00 1.26 Jammu and Kashmir 100.00 85.46 5.24 . 7.87 0.66 0.77 Madhya'Pradesh 100.00 77.11 19.30 0.11 1.67 1.31 0.50 Madras 100.00 79.97 17.45 0.60 1.98
Mahafashtra 100.00 92.67 '1- •.: 4.43 1.24 1.57 0.09 Mysor~ 100.00 95.85 1.93 2.13 0.09 Orissa 100.00' 84.50 6.54 5.50 1.09 2.<.10 0.34 0.03 Punjab. 100.00 99.10 0,90 Rajasthan 100.00 84.10 7.69 0.01 2.40 0.05 5.75 Uttar Pradesh 100.00 37.09 59.59 2.99 0.33 West Bengal iOO.OO 96.13 2.02 0.17 1.35 0.11 0.22 Andaman and Nicobar 100.00 39.59 60.41 Islands Delhi 100.00 98.98 0.20 0.82 Himachal Pradesh 100.00 93.72 3.92 0.25 1.34 0.77 Pondicherry 100.00 95.84 11-.16 Manipur 100.00 63.21 25.12 2.90 8.06 0.71 Tripura JOO.OO 70.21 6.79 8.63 14.37 INDfA 100.00 71.00 7.86 12.77 2.75 3.22 1.56 0.26 0.58 xiii
Table V.4 Loc!al-na:m~s'andllegaJ terminology of te'nures and tenancies according'to tbe nature of rigbts in land Owned or-held froin the'Government (Item 1 (i) of the Schedule) Percent~ge distribution (Tribal) . ....8 "t:I State/Union c:l Territory II (TrirJal) Total
•
Andhra Pradesh 100.00 78.41 1.63 0.20 19.76 Assam 100.00 65.00 15.74 19.26 Bihar 100.00 0.43 98.54 ...... 0.30 0.43 0.25 Gujarat 100.00 93.12 0.44 1.46 1.16 0.86 2.96 Madh"a Pradesh 100.00 97.06 0.11 0.65 1.76 0.42 Maharashtra 100.00 76.56 13.9"7 1.35 7.59 O.sy Orissa 100.00 81.04 1.83 1.50 12.31 3.23 0.09 Punjab 100.00 100.00 Rajasthan 100.00 .87.56 0.20 12.24 West »C:ogaJ 100.00 86.33 6,29 0.30 7.08
Himachal Pradesh 100.00 98.66 1.19 0.15 Manipur 100.00 95.68 4.32 " Tripura 100.00 56.63 24.57. 18.80
INDIA 100.00 2.9.72 0.84 ~9.71 0.68 2.87 2.05 2.66 1.47 " The -Tables indicate that even after the phase reforms is that, as far as possible, all agricultural of abolition of interme diaries is almost over, the lands should be held by the cultivators directly lands'are not held directly;under tpe -Government under the Government on occupancy basis, i.e., on a uniform basis. The Tables do not include with right of pe,rmanent and heritable possession Kerala because the land tenure system of that and with or without the right of transfer and lease. State coulo not fit into the all-India pattern. On operational side, a cultivated holding is deemed' to be co-terminus with an ownership holding ap,Q. The Table V.I' indicates that 91.64 % of the an owner-cultivator should cultivate with his awn households hold their lands on permanent and labour and the labour of his family and with such heritable basis, 'with or without the right of transfer. occasional assistance of hired labour,as is. required and lease. 'They constitute. 70.69% Of all cultivating for agricultural operations. Raiyatwari se(tlement households. The ryotwari ~ystem is the most pre of land is expected to meet the twin objectives of dominant' and desirable.- form of land tenure system progressive agriculture and social justice. in the"country at present ahd the objective of land Raiyatwari holders having right of permanent and revenue period!cally fixed on the basis of cyotwari heritable possession, with or without right of transfer settlement. The persons so recognised were and lease variously designated as ryots or pattedars in Andhra Pradesh, Madras and Kerala, as registered occupant8 in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Mysore and land With the abolition of intermediaries in the owners (M aUks) in Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir former zamindal'/, jag/rM,,1 and inam areas, there and Himachal Pradesh. was an almost redistribution of rights in land held under the State, though the process was not uniform in all the States. The intermediaries wxre Although theoretically, the ryotwari tenure generally allowed to -retain their homefarms or did not crginaJly contemplate or recognise the khudkasht lands only as raiyatwari holders thereof. existence of any intermediary between the State In Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, former and the cultivator, yet on account of the unre Saurashtra area of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, ~tricted right of transfer which was allowed to Madras, Orissa and Rajasthan, only the prinoi them, inevitably' in course of time, though in pal tenallts of the ~ntermediaries were brought earlier stages imperceptibly, a class of non-cultiv into direct relatfonship with _the State. In ating 0 wners came into existence. They leased Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, (except in the case their lands to tenants and became rent receivers. of bargadars) Delhi and Tripura, all tenants In many cases, the mortgaged lands could not be and sub-tenants came into direct relation redeemed and were passed on to money-lenders ship with the State. In Gujarat, Maharashtra and other absentee landlords and the cultivators and some inam lands in Mysore, on the other were reduced to the status of tenants. hand, all tenanted lands were settled with the intermediaries and even the principal tenants were The permanent, heritable and transferable not brought into direct contact with the State. rights enjoyed by the tenure-holders .are at After abolition, the intermediary tenures were present not unlimited but have been made converted into ryotwari tenures and were made subject to variolJs types of restrictions provided liable to full assessment and other regulations of under the land-revenue and. tenancy legislation. land revenue legislation. In the ex-intermediary The nature and the scope of the, restrictions areas (now raiyatwari), all tenants and sub-tenants vary from State to' State. 'Even within a State, who have came directly ;under the State are now tne Lands are n()t s~ttLed by tne Government termed as ryotwari holders and, in most cases, hold on a uniform basis and in such cases more their lands on permanent, heritable and transfer th~n one· tenure obtains under the Gove.rnment. able basis. The new ryotwari tenure-holders have The details are given below:- . been redesignated as raiyats or pattedars in Andhra Pradesh, Madras, West Bengal and Tripura, bhumidars and sirdars in Uttar Pradesh, bhumi Right of Permanency swamis in Madhya Pradesh, and khatedar in Rajasthan. In the ex-intermediary areas of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Rajasthan, Uttar In ryotwari areas of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi and Tripura, the Maharashtra, Madras, Mysore, Punjab, parts of tenants (or the sub-tenants), who come into direct Rajasthan, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and Manipur, relationship with the State have been granted the the Government sett_led the lands directly with t~e status ofraiyatwari holders with permanents rights. ryots or the cultivators without the intervention This was a progressive step towards consolidation of an intermediary. In theory, the State is the and stabilisation of rights in land. However, owner and overlord of all lands and private rights occupancy tenants in ex-zamindari areas already are recognised only to the extent they are specifi enjoyed permanency of tenure before abolition callE granted by the State. In practice, whoever, of intermediaries. In Assam, Bihar and Orissa, the the H¥ltivating occupant of land with whom settle raiyats or the under-raiyats who come into direct .meqb' qf land-revenue was entered into, was relationship with the State hold their lands Tecogn'ised as the proprietor thereof and was confer under the State 'on same terms and conditions red permanent, heritable and transferable rights on as were applicable to them un,der the intermedi payment, directly to the Government, of land aries. Thus, occupancy raiyats continue to enjoy KV
permanent rights. Non-occupancy raiyats are (ii) Lands settled under the N avi. Shamt liable to ejectment on grounds of failure to pay (New!& Restricted tenure) in Gujarat arrears of rent or misuse of land. While under and Maharashtra; , the intermediaries they were liable to ejectment on the expiry of term of lease, they are allowed (iii) Lands granted to 'Tillers' under the to continue under the State so long as they do not ceiling law in Jammu & Kashmir; break the first two conditions. (iv) Sirdar~ in Uttar Pradesh; Land-holders in raiyatwari areas were allowed to hold their lands on a permanent basis. They (v) Ghair Khatedar tenants in Rajasthan; are not liable to ejectment on any ground including non-payment of land-revenue. Arrears (vi) Non-occupancy tenants in Himachal of land-revenue are recoverable by attachment and Pradesh; sale of movable and immovable property inCluding the holding on which _arrear is due. Rajasthan is (vii) Tenants who acquire owership under the only exception where a khatedar tenant is the tenancy- legislation in Gujarat, Iiabl~ to ejectment for arrears of rent: Maharashtra and Mysore, and
Right G{ inhe\"itan~e "(viii) Lands held by a person belongi.ng to a Scheduled Tribe in the States of Right of inheritance of a tenure-holder is Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, regulated by personal law. However, in Madhya Rajasthan and West Bengal. A Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, the rights of transfer is, however, allowed if the a landlord on his death shall devolve in acco transferee is also a member of the rdance with the prescribed order of succession'and Scheduled Tribe. not in accordance with the personal law. This has been done to prevent fragmentation of holdings. However, the persons who are not entitled to Further a bhumiswami in Madhya Pradesh or a transfer their lands are generally allowed to sirdar in Uttar Pradesh does not have a right to mortgage or create a charge on their interests in to bequeath his rights -by will. land in favour of Government in consideration of loans advanced under the Land Improvement Right of transfer Loans Act or the Agriculturists Loans Act, or in With the exception of Assam, Bihar, Orissa favour of co-operative societies in consideration and Uttar Pradesh, the persons in other States, of loans advanced by such societies. who after abolition of intermediaries, come into direct relationship with the State have been con In many States, the right of transfer is subject ferred right of transfer irrespective of whether tliey ~o various restrictions. In Assam, Gujarat, held such rights under the intermediaries or noV Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, While occupancy raiyats in Assam, Bihar and Maharashtra, Mysore, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Orissa and bhumidars in Uttar Pradesh have Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh transferable rights, the non-occupancy raiyats and Manipur and Tripura, a ceiling has feen imposed sirdars in these States do n~t enjoy such rights. Qn future acquisition of land -and nobody can In Uttar Pradesh, the sirdars who are directly acquire land in excess of the maximum limit under the State, have att optional right to acquire prescribed in these States. With a ~ew right of transfer on payment of ten times the rent. to prevent sub-division and fragmentation of In raiyatwari areas, the raiyatwari-holders enjoy holdings, in many States transfers have been pro transferable rights in all cases. The temporary hibited which result in leaving with the transferor, lessees do not have a right of transfer. holdings below the prescribed limits. In addition, the following categories of land In Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan holders have permanent and heritable but not and West Bengal, transfer by a person belonginig to transferable rights:- a Scheduled Tribe by way of sale, gift, lease etc. is void except where the transferee is also the (i) Lands granted under the bhoodan in member of a Scheduled Tribe. Transfer to a person various States; " not belonging to a Scheduled Tribe is allowed only xvi with pri~r, permission o~ the Revenue auth?ritie~. State, res,ulting . .in. seJ;aration 0'£ ownershJp ~om This tl"estriction on transfer hjls b<;en provlded m culti;vation. At the bme ,of settlement of inter order to protect the lapds of Scheduled Tribes m~diary tenures,' the intermediaries were conferred, from passing to money-lenders or others. in varying de_grees, vario.us types of rights which may be classified as under :- Right to, lease (i) Right to collect rent from the culti In the Telangana area of Andhra Pradesh, vators on paY,ment of land reventfe to Saurashtra area of Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya the Government; Prade.sh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi apd Himachal Pradesh, landowners are not allowed to lease (ii) Right of occupancy, i. e., right to their lands. However, persons suffering from a the possession and use of land; and physical or mental disability or serving in the Armed Forces of the Union m:e allowed to lease (iii) Right of collection and use of land their lands. Persons holding less than three family revenue in part or in full. holdings in Telangana area and less than 8 standard acres in Delhi also have a right of lease. In Uttar Pradesh cultivition of land through sahjis The intermediaries' enjoyed these rights' gene (partners in CUltivation) is aBo,wed and is not rally on permanent, heritable and transfer~ble treated as giving out land on lease. In West basis. In permanently settled and temporarily Bengal a raiyat cannot lease his land to a person - settled zamindari areas, the subsequent legislative other than a bargadar. Und~r the Orissa Land measures passed duriqg· the last 100 years resulted Reforms Act, 1960, a raiyat other than a pri in recapturing the right of occupancy by a great vileged raiyat has no right of lease. A pr!vilege~ majority of principal raiyats of zamindars. With raiyat is one who holds the lands as publIc, relI the exception of permane:t;ltly settled areas of gious or charitable institution or holds less than Madras, the incidence of rent payable by ra!yats t.o a basic holding (5 standard acres). zamindars in other States compared favourablY with the incidence of land r:evenue ,payable to tho In other States there are no restrictions on Government by raiyats in raiyatwari areas. Thu~, the right of lease of a land-owner. at the time of abolition, the zamindars were only rent receiver- in the raiyati lands and had no other Lands in the· hill areas of Mikir Hills, Garo right in land except where such lands were Sir, Hills and United Khasi-Janitia Hills, and lands in khudkasht, nijijot, lands in khas-possession, etc. the hill areas of Manipur and Tripura are not held on individual basis. The lands in the aforesaid The position of jagir and inam lands was areas are owned and adminstered by the comm different. In Hyderabad, Saurashtra and in case unities or clans as recognised under· the local cus of some categQries of jagirs in Bombay, the jagir toms prevalent in t1wse areas. Certain com~una:1- dars did not have any proprietary rights in'the soil cum-intermediary type of rights also eXlst m but were only assignees of land revenue. In other Chhota Nagpur and Santhal Pargans Sub-divisions areas the jagird.ars enjoyed full proprietary rights of Bihar and among khonds in Oris'sa. Such rights in land. As compars:d to zamindari areas, the. aiso extend to reclaimed lands as held under tenancy legislation in jagir areas was somethini" khutkatti or bhuihari tenures. unknown right up to 1947. The tenants of the jagj_rdars remained tenants-at-will and paid exorbi Holders of special, alienated or other non-raiyatwari tant rents. Rajasthan was the first princely State tenures in India to stop arbitrary ejectment of tenants in These tem"ires are of an intermediary jagir areas in 1949. In inams which were sparsely nature and are not held under the terms ora located in the States of Andlira, Bombay, Kerala, ryotwari settlement. Before abolition, the Madras, Mysore and former princely States, the intermediary tenure covered about 45% inamdars enjoyed full proprietary rights in their of the total area of the country and lands which were either revenue-free or were parti-' generally comprised of zamindaris, jagirs, and ally assessed. In most States, even the tena'ncy inamR of various descriptions. The intermediaries legislation in force in raiyafwari are~s did not were interposed hetween the cultivators and the apply to the tenants of inamdars. xvii
The legislation for abolition of intermediaries vacant State lands and evacuee agricultural lands generally adopted the following two courses: hold the land as tenants-at-wiU (pattedars or (a) conversion of non-ryotwari tenures into ryot wasidars). In Manipur also', agriculiural lands wari tenures by making them subject to full used to be granted on periodic as well as annual assessment under a ryotwari . settlement and (b) leases under the Assam Land Revenue Regula_tion settlement of land ~ith person (either the inter as extended to Manipur. In Andhra Pradesh, mediary himself or his tenant) who enjoyed right Madras, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya of occupancy on it. (In a few zamindari States" of Prade~h, Government lands are assigned OJ: dis . course, the lands were settled with the actual culti posed of on permanent and heritable basis. In vator, even if he was without any occupancy ~ihar and Madhya Pradesh, persons on Govern rights.) . ment lands are settled as raiyats and bhu.mi swami's respectively. In Punjab, Govermnent As Table V. 3 indicates, in 1961, only 2.75% nazool (waste) 'lands are sold out on of the holdings were held on non-ryotwari basis. payment of purchase price in instalments. According to the Table, non-ryotwari tenures The transfer takes place in 10 years and during mostly subsist in Madras, Assam, Bihar, Orissa, this period the ownership vests in Govenment. Anphra Pradesh, hill area of Uttar Pradesh, In Mysore, lands are given on annual lease basis Mysore, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Pondicherry and but recently these are being settled on permanent Tripura. These tenures are the !> 2 3' 4 5 6 7 If I)' 1()' Ii 12 Uttar Pradesh 9,247 9 347 4 268 13 8,594 12 West Bengal 22,004 7 52 344, 35 20,9~5 621 Andamanand 39 30 9 Nicoti"ar Island'S Delhi 81 9: 65 7 Himaclial Pradesh 1,352 1.080 8'5 10 3~ to' 113 10 Manipur 282 282r Triplfra 4,057 1,176 1~6 2,115 213 397 Pondicherry 599 2- 33 18: 1- 382' 163 JNDIA 329,699 !!),882 4,467 35,469 3,873 70,419 17,927 144,623 37,694 1,482 2,863 Table VI.2 Local names and leg~1 terminology of tenures and ~nancies according to the nature of right~ in Jaud Held from private persons'or institutions·(Itent 1 (ii) of the SchedllU~)' . No. of Househ~l~s (Tribal? .0 ..... I'l' ~ eA EZ ::I ~ ~ 0«1 ao .... 0 .5 1:10 _. ",,,, .5 "'.-c=YiS 0·- .... ~. '~-g :g: o:~ 0:0":' .- 0: ::I C=.S ,_ ~ ~S 0 ~, 8 a. e"·0 e..,o ~ State7UnioD ~~ U):g~ ~"d "'~ j ~ ... ~~bO' '" ~J~t is ...t' Andhra Pradesh 573 6 44 12 91 10 410 Assam 924 418' ,102 146 258'} Bih'a'r.' 5,'190 5 1,991 53 534 9 2,589 2' 7 Gujarat 3-"145 743 67 8 3 1.929 144 151 Madhya Pradesh 1,753 39 . 6 460 22 8321- 254' 138 Maharashtra 1,988 42 230 1,574 lOS' -20· 17 Orissa 632 149 26 62 109 39 244 3 Punjab 15 '2 ,i. ... 13' Rajasthan .28 14 6 '6' West Bengal 1,855 24 1.724 107 Himachal Pradesh 284 252 14 12 4 .I••• 1 Manipur 73 73 I Tripura 605 101 40 182 67 215 INDIA 17,065 892 1,121 2,188 .137 4,801 311 4,615 1,906 349 745 xx Ta5le VI. 3 Local names and legal terminology of tenures and tenancies according to the nature of rights in land Held from private persons or institutions (Item 1 (ii) oftbe Schedule) Percentag~ distribution .... t;l::l .... C; C) :; C; 5·~.~ C) 0 0 oS .... ::I .... 0 = ...... I'l - I'l ",-0 ..c:: 0 '0 or:: J, § ,'O~.~.:d ..... OQ .,..c:: ~..c::'" .... l'l",bO ~'" .... 0 .. .-::: 0:1 0._ o !:'- Qo:I Q .... Q'" ~ ~.;; _ ~ 10-01 0:10 0:10. oS'" ~'" ...... b~ .9 1'::0:1 State/Union Total til ....8~)5 _ c:: ~.:c ~ d ..c:: 0 ... ii"d Q bn ... ~ ~., 5~ ~C;8 'g Territory fo...s'O._ c:: t:: 0~ .~ ... 0..= .... 31':: ... 8 .... ~~ .... _ AI':: .... fi«>o~ 01)0 0 Ce,g 0:1.... «> .... go:l~ c~..c:: til os·_ ~g o.~ i:'~ ccc: .d>..J =... ~ o:!.g.-::: CI bO~ gbO o:! bO 0 oS ...... 0 ~bO ~g, ~~ '"o:! ... ", -5S~.g -58.<:::~e :a=COb :.a .9 S ;g.~ !5. otC ,0'" "0 --;....0 $..i ..... ~ ...... 0'" ... >' :a'.... >. ~I'l t:l :::00::1 .... o ~ 6:: ... "' .... ::: 8..g t2 o..d,o 0 ~8. ::c 0:'::: 0 oa o ae 00.0 uB ~'O ::> Andhra Pradesh 100.00 0.04 0.29 0.66 0.24 16.20 9.75 72.82 Assam 100.00 t 1.73 . 3.19 0.20 ....0.07 17.06 13.00 0.95 53.54 0.26 Bihar 100.00 0.03 22.83 0.56 14.58 2.62 59.22 0.00 0.16 Gujarat 100.00 26.46 6.00 1.37 0.07 44.40' 17.00 -4.70 Jammu&Kashmir 100.00 16.78 20.95 0.69 0.19 9.46 1.30 45.15 5.48 Madhya Pradesh 100.00 2.51 0.28 25.00 2.32 57.40 8.72 3.77 Madras 100.00 0.73 13.89 1.42 36.56 20.32 27.08 Maharashtra 100.00' 1.11 3.14 0.30 0.07 72.68 0.41 20.68 0.50 1.11 Mysore 100;00 4.14 0.06 0.26 41.23 18.01 36.30 Orissa 100.00 16.79 0.99 6.87 14.68 8.18 2.30 49.14 1.05 Punjab 100.00 10.32 0.08 21.59 0.97 66.70 0.33 0.01 Rajasthan 100.00 1.10 3.74 1.98 12.46 0.03 56.25 1.32 12.24 10.88 Uttar Pradesh 100.00 0.10 3.75 0.04 2.90' 0'.14 92.94 0'.13 West Bengal 100.00 0.03 0.24 1.56 o.H; 95.19 2.82 Andaman and 100.00 76.92 23.08 Nicobar Islands Delhi 100.00 11.11 80'.25 .8.64 Himachal Pradesh 100.00 79.88 6.29 0'.74 2.44 1.48 8.36 0'.0'7 0'.74 pondicherry 100.00 0.33 5.51 3.01 0.17 63.77 27.21 Manipur 100.00 100.00 - Tripura 100.00 28.99 3.84 52.13 5.25 9.79 INDIA 100.00 3.30 1.35 10.76 '1.17 21.36 5.44 43.87 11.43 0.45 0.87 ui Table VI. 4 Loeal names and legal terminology of tenures and tenancies according to the nature of rights in land Held from private persons or institutions (Item 1 (ii) of the Schedule) Percentage distributiqn (Tribal) ; c= '" 01. 0 v v ; "E . i:r: ~ 0 ... 01 01 ::s III 0 = State/Upion . .... @~:; :!~~ ",-0 ",.s:l oS ., ·Cc2 v,o ~ t ...... = "'..c: "'0 '" ... 0'" ~g-~ 0-'- = ...... Territor,. oIQ, =", .~ '" ...... c:=c= ~'~::l rJ:I vol .. ~5 ~01 ., 0'" (Tribal) Total ..,...,.....,(1)o .. ~.9 ~ t..o; .9 =-0 ...... c:...... c:c= ... Uc= J::'§ g Bas .2., .2=12> Ubi) ~~ -00 .g,~-o~ >,>< ..... - Q g'i !?o.2 .t'¢1. .... Andhra Pradesh l00.()(j 1.05 -,...1.68 2.09 15.88 1.75 71.55 Assam 100.00 45.24 11.04 15.80 27.92 Bihar 100.00 0.10 38.36 1.02 10.29 0.17 49.88 0.04 0.14 23.62 2.13 0.25 Gujarat 100.00 0.10 61.34 4.58 ~ ... 7.98 Madhya Pradesh 100.00 2.22 0.34 26.24 1.26 47.58 14:49 7.87 Maharashtra 100.00 2.11 11.57 79.17 5.28 " 1.01 0.86 Orissa 100.00 '23.58 4.11 9.81 17.25 6.17 38.61 0.47 Punjab 100.00 13.33 86.67 Rajasthan 100.00 3.57 3,57 50.00 ... 21.43 21;43 West Beng:tl 100.00 ].29 92.94 5m Himachal Pradesh 100.00 88.73 4.93 0,35 4.23 1.41 0.35' Manipur 100.00 100.00 Tripura 100.00 16.69 6.61 30.08 11.08 35.54 INDIA 100.00 5.23 6.57 12.82 0.80 28.13 1.82 27.04 11.17 2.05 4.37 f With right of permanent and heritable possession permanent tenants in some States, such as ,in and with or without right of transfer Tripura, should have by now come into direct reletionship with the State but efforts should be About 5% of tenancies, having permanent and' made to bring all occupancy and permanent tenants heritable rights, are still held under private per into direct relationship with the State even if sons or institutions. In the States of Assam, provision is not made for the abolition of non~ Gujarat; Jammu & Kashmir, Mysore, Orissa raiyatwari tenures. Himachal Pradesh and Tripura, occupancy or per manent tenants having owner·like possession, Permanent tenancies may further incluqe obtaining on a fairly large scale, have yet to come tenancies with right of occupancy but withoUt into direct relationship with the State and right of transfer or protected (Samrakshit). are indicative of .the existence of intermediary' tenancies c;>n lands which are non-resumab1e by tenures still obtaining in those States. In local the landlords for persona) cultivation. parlance, these are called myadi in Assam, kayami ganotia or kul in Gujarat and Maha These circumstances~indicate the ar~as where rashtra, mustakil or maurusi. in, Jammu & Kash. efforts need to be made to bring tenants into direct mir and Himachal Pradesh, mulagani in Mysore, relationship with the State 'and confer ownership 8thitiban in Orissa and jote in TripiIra. With on them. the abolition of intermediaries since 1961, xxii Mortgagees in possession holders. In Orissa, where large number o( tenants More tban 10 % of the land is held by, hold' lllndl free of rentt ~rl rendering! S'erViCe "to mortgagees in possession. The proportions are tenure holders I11ay, eventually come into direqt still higher in Bihar, Madras, Punjab' and relationship with the State. Himachal Pradesh. The rights of the mort gagees-are·regulated·under-the·T'1'ansfer-of Property' Ordinary, tenants" sUll-tenants and crop---sharers Act and not under Tenancy Laws. Some of tenancy laws specifically exclude mortgagees in possession Ordinary tenants, sub-tenants and crop-soarers from the defibition of the term 'tenant'. On th~ constitute about 82% of the total tenancies in other hand, certain mortgagees with possession, ~rer the whole: country. Apart from 1el\.ants-at-will, deemed' to be tenants under the Kerala Land:R-e ,these include tenants-whose lands are stilI. subject forms- Act,. 1:963. Ih view or. the fact that some to landlordst-riglit of resumption, tenahts' who of;ihe mortgages may be contrived by the· "land have been given interim protection against eviction, lords to circumvent tIte tena~y..· provisions, it may tenants of disabIetf persons, tenants admitted in bet desirable to look. into I the, bonafides of this future (i.e., tenan~ ad.j,nitted after a stipulated date) practice prevalent in these States. It- may also be'" to whom: tenancY' rights generally do not accrue, seen how 'far this practice is conducive to or' and crop-sharers Who are not treated as tenants. inhib_its better cultivation. These may further include disguised or informal tenancies created in contravention of Jaw. The The tenancy legislation in some States has tenanCies can a]so be'classified1 ac~prdjhg' tb' the imposed certain restrictions upon- usufractuary nature of rent payable by tItem. The State-wise mortgages or.mortgage with possession . .In, Assam, poSition in'this respect is briefly. described below:. the-right of usufructuary mortgage to occupancy tenants holding directly under the State is not According to the position obtaining in 1961, allowed except as a complete uliufructuary mort jh Andhra Pradesh (excluding Teli:tngana' area), gage fur a period not-exceeding nine years. The Ket:ala, Madras, Mysore, Orissa and' Mlmipur, right of. simple mortgage is, however, alIowed to tenants were given only, temporary protectibn them. In Madhya Pradesh, a simple mortgage b:5' ag~inst ejectment. In BihaI'> and Saurashtra- area a..bhumisw(1mi is noL valid unless a minimum of Gujarat, even temporary protection is not area is 16ff with him free from any encumbrance. available to tenants. Wiili the enforcement of A' usufructuary mortgage. by a bhumiswami for a tenancy laws since then, the' tenants in 1<.erala, period exceeding 6 years is not allowed. After Mysore, Orissa, Telang811a area of' Ahdhra six years the mortgage shall be automatically Pradesh, West Bengal and Jammu & Kashmir, ate redeemed and/the land shall revert to the mort liable to ejectment by the landlords if they,want gagor. .In Raj~st'hap., a usufructuary' mortgage by to resume the land for p~rsonal cultivation. a J!hatedar 'tenant for a-peri6d-exceediilg 10 years is not allowed. In Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, a In Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhy-a simple mortgage by a bhumidar is permitted Pradesh, PunjaB; RajSlstltau, Himachal Pradesh I1owever, a mortgage by which possession of larrd and Tripura, only die' existing' tenants, i. e., th'e is transferred' to the mortgagee is. not'alibwed. A tenants subsisting at a prescribed date, are not sirddr in Uttar PradesH is, however, not allowed liable to ejectment in exercise of. the landlords to enter into"a sim~le mort~age. In 'Yest-:~engal, rig~t of resumption for personal 'cultivation, since a mortgage by a'raJyat other tItan a SImple mort the period by- whicli they could resume land tror gage or a usufructuary mortgage for a period -not personal cultivatiorr has expired and lsuch exceeding 15 years shall be void. 'tefiarrt~ in Gujarat, Mah'aTashtra, Madhya'Pradesh' and. 111 oUrer States t!rere are no restricti(1l1's on Rajastharr were conferred I ownersIiip by; tIfe th'e right 'of'mortga'ge of a~ land~owner, simple as Government'irr re'spect of mm-resnmable areas: well 'as usufructuary. (In Assam" Gujarat, Mhliarashtra: and Madliya Pradeslr, the period'df- resumption expired after Holding free of rent in lieu of or not in lieu of 1. 3; 1,96'1). However, ifr th'ese'States, tHe tenant~ sl)rvice offdisabled landlords and future tenants' (tenants admitted 'after tIfe stipulated' dates) haV"e--;generaIIj These lands may be held from tenure nolders no securityorienure and'can'be ejected 15y the land! still subsis,6ng in 1961 as well as from raiyatwari lord_for RersonaJ cultivation or even otherwise'. xxiii In Uttar Pradesh and Delhi; where resumption treated as tenants. In Tripura, however, crop was not permitted from existing tenants, the sharers are treated as tenants after the enforce future tenants are without any fix iby of tenure. ment of-Tripura Land Reforms Act. The system of cultivation through partner& in cultivation in The Table indicates that paying rent as share the States of Punjab,. Rajasthan and Uttar of the produce is the most prevalent system in all Pradesh, though to a l~sser extent, is also not the States except Gujarat and Maharashtra where, covered by tenancy legislation. as provided unde( the Tenancy Act, payment of fixed cash rent is more common. / In the following pages we briefly review the' history of land tenures add land reforms under In Assam, West Bengal and Tripura persons taken in the different States. paying rent as share of produce are generally·not HISTORY OF LAND REFORMS AND LAND TENURES -tHy STATES AND:HRA PRADESH Abolition :of Intermediaries Former Andhra area Intermediary tenures existed in the former of home-farm land of land-holders. The land Andhra area in the form of permanently settled holders get patta for their entire home-farm lands zamindaris and inams and covered about trel of and the tenants of the home-farm lands and the the State. Zamindaris were created by the Pefma sub-tenants of ryots continue to be tenants as nent Settlement of1802 which gave the zamindars 'before and their rights are regulated under tenancy a right to hold their zamindaris on fixed n":v~nue regulation. \\\ \)~:;:\)~t~\t'j, W\th. b.~i\t'a.b\~ 'a.1i~ t~'a.\\~fe.il!,.l0k rights in land. Under the Estate Land Act of The Act was amended in 1956 and 1957 1908 all ryots in occupation of "ryoti lands", providing for the abolition of inam estates to i. e., all lands ·in a zamindari or inam estate which the Abolition Act of 1948 did not apply: excluding communal lands and the home-farm These were post-1936 inams and infJms of hamlets lands of zam,:nda"s and ;,namdars and persons and Khandrigas in inam villages. The post-1936 who were adimitted subsequent. to 1908; were inams were those inams in which the inamdar declared to be occupancy ryots. The Act regu enjoyed both melvaram (right of rent) as well as lated the relations between zamindars and ryots kudivaram (right of occupancy). 775 post-1936 but not between the zamindars and tenants of in am estates out of 1062 estates have been taken home-farm land, nor between a ryot and his over by the Government. under-ryot. Under the Madras Estate t-and (Reduction of Rent) Act, 1947 the rents payable Certain categories of inams were not declared by ryots in estates governed by the Madras Estates estates. These were inams of hamlets 'and Khand Land Act, 1908 were reduced to the level of the rigas in zamindari and ryotwari villages and assessment levied on lands in ryotwari areas in minor inams.· Legislation has been passed for the the neighbourhood. conversion of these inams into ryotwari holdings but in certain cases, the law does not provide for The Madras Estates (Abolition and Coflver bringing the tenants of these inams into direct sion into ryotwari) Act, 1948 came into force on relationship with the State. Steps are being taken 19th April, 1949. The Act provides for the repeal for conversion of minor inams, into ryotwari 'of the Permanent Settlement, acquisition~ of holdings. Out of over 11 lakh of such inams, zamindari, un~er-tenure and inam estates on pay about 10 lakh inams have been abolished and ment of compensation and for the introduction ryotwari pattas have been granted. of the ryotwari settlement in -those estates. The principal tenants (ryots) have been granted ryot Legislation has yet to be promoted for the wari patta without any payment of compensation abolition of muttadari and malguzari tenures and are requi~ed to pay assessment only.' which are of intermediary nature. The muttadar ten tire is prevalent in hilly-tracks· inhabited by The Abolition Act does not affect the rights Scheduled Tribes and on these lands land revenue of sub-tenants (tenants of ryots) or the cultivators has been wholly or partially assigne.d. Former Talengana area lation had qeen enacted to .prot~ct the rights of tenatlts. irr ryotwari areas and sub-tenants in Infermediary tedures in former Hyderabad tamindl\ri ar~as. The ordinance was replaced by State were: (1) 1llgirs, (2J Sarf-e-khas and the Andhra Tenapcy Act in ,1.956: The tenants (3) Imuhs. Jagirs covered about 1/3rd area of jp, possession at the commencement oflhe Act have the State. Sarf~e-kha:s wete tlie private lands of. been temporarily protected froin ejectment. The thi! Nizam and wete merged with Diwani Act has ljeen extended from time to time and at (Ryotwafi} under the Sarf-e-Khas (Merger) Regu presynt the tenants are protected till 31st May, lation, 1949. Jagirs were resumed under the 1965. Tenants admitted after the commencement Hyderabad (Abolition Jagir) Regulation of 1949, of t~e Act have a minimum term of six years. In read with Hyderlt5"ad Jagirs (Cominufation) Regu- either case, at the end of the term, the landlord 1l1tion, 1%0, with effect from 15th August, 1949, has an unrestricted right to qvict his tenant from and the lands were settled with the principal the entire,area anti put antlther ten!lOt in his place. tenants of the jagirdars as occupants thereof. Rights df sub-ten~ts, hOwever, remained l.JO The tenatfts 00 not have a right of purchase. changed. The jagirdars were only assignees of land revenue and did not have any proprietary Rent rights in the soil. Ioams were grants of land made by ex.rulers for religious, charitl1ble or Rent is not to exceed 50% of the gross produce nieritoriqus purposes or in considetation for cer for irriga,ted lands (28.1(3% of the gross produce tain setvices· to be performed by the inamdars and for' lands irrigated by baling) and 45% of the on these lands, land-revenu~ was· wholly or produce for dry lands. partially exempted. Teblngima area Legislation for abolition of Inams other than religious a)1d charitable inams and village service inams useful to Government or community, was Owned or held from GoTernment enacted in 1954 and the inams were abolished and were made ~ubject to full assessment with effect The persons holding directly ll11der the State from 20th July, 1955.. However, pending the are called pattedar& or registered occupants with amendment of the legislation, the provisions with perm~nent, hetitable artd transferable rights. A regard to the settlement of lands with the inamdars transfer can, however, be made only with the pre and their tenants have not yet been irtlplemented. vious' sanction of tHe tehsildar; As regards leasing, a land-holder could not lease his land after 10th Lll;nd Tenure and Tenancy Reforms June, 1953. However, a person hoiding less than three family holdings (a 'family holding varies Former Andhra area 'between 4 to 60 acres depending upbn the class of soil), persons suffering 'from physical or mental Owned or held from Government disability, or serving in the Armed Forces were permitted to lease after 10th June, 1953. The person with whom the Government enters into direct engagement under the ryotwari system is Held from Private persons or institutions called ryot. He is furnished with a document called patta. The ryotwari pattedar enjoys absolute The rights of tenants are regulated under the ownership over the land and he can deal with it Andhra Pradesh (Telangana area) Tenancy and in any manner he likes. He may alienate, lease, Agricultural Land Act, 1950. Under the Act mortgage, sell, bequeath or otherwise dispose of there are (i} protected .tenants and (ii) oJumary the whole or any portion of his holding. tenants. Held from private persons or institutions (i) Protected terlants: Tenants with six years possession on specified dates or Under the tyots, there gre culti"9"ating tenants. tenants Whose landlords had more than Till Juiy, 1956, when an ordinance was promul three family holdings were declared gated fot stay of ejectment of tenanJs, no. legis~ proteeted -tenants; A protected tenant nvi has security of tenure 'sllbject to land The",former Government of Hyderabad lord's right to resume upto three family had enforced the provision for transfer holdings. This was subject to the con of ownership to protected tenants in dition that a protected tenant would Khammam district and in Mulug taluk of retain an area equal to a basic holding Warangal district. It is reI?orted that (i.e., 1/3rd of the family holding), or half upto November, 1957, 13,611 protected his land whichever was less. An owner tenants had been declared owners in having a basic holding or less was, respect of 97,901 acres. however, entitled to resume the entire area. (ii) Ordinary tenants: The above provisions do not apply to ordinary tenants. Ordi A landlord was to reserve the land nary tenants admitted in three years of he wanted to resume for personal culti-. the commencement of the Hyderabad vation before 12th September, 1957 and Tenancy Act, 1950 were given a non e?,ercise the actual right of resumption renewable term of 10 years. Tenants before 4th February, 1959. Thus, all 'admitted after three years have a rene lands held by protected tenants are non wable term of five years unless the land- resumable. lord requires the land for personal cultivation. The maximum limit of A protected tenant can purchase resumption is one- family holding for ownership rights held by his landlord and each adult worker in a family. Ordinary come into direct relationship with the tenants do not have a right of" p)lrchase State. This is, however, supject to two also. conditions: (i) he cannot purghase more than one family holding; (ii) after A comprehensive tenancy legislation purchasing the land the landlord should for the entire State has yet to be be left with two family-holdings. The enacted. purchase price is not to exceed 15 times the rent for dry lands, 8 times for wet Rent lands irrigated by wells and 6 times for wet lands irrigated by other sources. It i~ payable in 16 instalments during a period Rent is not to exceed 1/4th of the gross of eight years. Besides the optional produce for irrigated lands (other than well right of purchase, the Act also provides irrigated lands) and 1/5th in . other cases or 3 !o for compulsory transfer of ownership to 5 times the land revenue accordmg to class of soli, protected tenants on issue of notification. whichever is less. ASSAM Abolition of Intermediaries Intermediary tenures in Assam were : (3) Temporarily settled estates. Permanently settled estates. obtained in. (1) Permanently settled estates; Gdalpara District, Karimganj sub-division of Cachar District and plain portions of Garo Hills (2) Lakheraj and Nispekheraj estates; and covered an area of 19.81 lakh acres excluding the plain portions of Garo Hills.. The As~am settled districts (i. e., Lakhimpur, Sibsagar, State Acquisition of Zamindari Act, 1951 provIdes Nowgong, Darrang and Kamrup districts and two for the abolition of intermediaries in the permanently sub-.div~sions of Cachar district) , settled for special settled areas. The Act though passed in 1951 cultIvatIon such as fee simple grants, revenue could not:be actually enforced' till 1956 o~ing. t? redeemed grants, 30 years grants under the New its having been repeatedly challenged m cIvIl Lease Rules etc. The Assam Government is of courts. Since then, the rights of higher classes of the view that these are ryotwari holdings and do intermediaries i. e., proprietors and permanent not constitute intermediary tenures. They are, tenure holders, have been acquired on different however, of the view that with the enforcement of dates throughout Goalpara District including ,the the ceiling legislation the few large holdings which two acknowledged estates of 'Bijni' and 'Sidli' ~nd obtained will disappear. !hey do not, therefore, a portion of permanently settled estates of Kanm poopose to enact any legIslation for the abolition ganj covering an area of 18.64 lakh acres. Tenures of temporarily settled estates. of second class of interme~iaries i.e., jotedars have also been acquired in respect of 2.16 lakh acres. Land Tenure and Tenancy Reforms The principal tenants in these areas have come into direct relationship with the State but otherwise Owned or held from Government have the same rights and obligations as were applicable to them before abolition. These are ~n th~ permanently settled areas the persons occupancy raiyats, raiyats at fixed rates and non holdmg dIrectly under the State, after abolition of occupancy raiyats. The intermediaries i.e., pro interme.~iaries, are : (i) occupancy or settled prietors and tenure holders are also allowed to ryots; (1I) ryots holding at fixed rates, and (iii) retain their private lands as occupancy raiyats nQn-occupancy ryots. thereof subject to a ceiling of 133-] /3 acres in case of proprietors and 50 acres' in case of permanent The rights of 'occupancy raiyats and raiyats tenure holders including jotedars. The ceiling holding at fixed rates are permanent, heritable and limit is, however, relaxable in case of a proprietor transferable. Non-occupancy raiyats hold heritable or a tenure holder who has undertaken large scale but not permanent and transferable rights. After farming on a co-operative basis or by the use of abolition they hold their lands' under the State on power driven mechanical appliances. The sub s (iii) Settlement.... olders: Settlement-holder Occupancy nq~l'lr-rlJiyats: In Ooalpar~ means any person other than a' proprietor Distr~ct an up.d~r-raiyat holding l~nd who has entered into an agreement with from an occupancy raiyat continuously the Gov~rnment to pay land-revenue and for a period of 12 ye1}fS gets a limited includes a land-holder. A settlement right 'of occupa9cy, that is to say, he holder who is not a land-holder, has no would not be liable to evictiqn except on rights in the land held by him beyona. such grounds of non-payment of rent or render as are expressed in his se~tlement-Iease. ing it unfit for purposes of cultivation or for breaking the conditions of the (iv) Annual lease-holders t The righ!s of, leases. He is not li<}ble to' ejec~ment by annual lease-holder are not defined under the landlord for resu111ption fot personal the Regulation. There are as many as cultivation. . . 7.7 lakh persons who hold an area of 25.7 lakh acres on annual leases from 'the (y) Nop-occupancy qnder-Taiyats and adhiars : State as against 14.5 lakh persons who 'The Assam Adhiars PI;otection and hold 42.9 lakh acres of land on periodical RegUlation Act, 19"48 regulates the rights assessment, as settlement holders or land of crop-sharers. The rights of non-occu holders. Thus, an abnormally larg~ area panty under-rfliyats are regulated under is settled by the State on annual leases. the Assam Fixation. of Ceiling on Land, Holding Act, 1956. The provisions of tpe HeI" fr9DJ pr~vlJte persons or institutions Act are also applicaQle to non-occupancy In the permanently settled areas the persons raiyats in the temporarily settled areas who after abolition, have not come into direct con and, adhiars. tact with the State, (i) are: occupancy under A landlor( can resume land from under raiyats; (ii) non-occupancy under~aiyats; raiyats who have not acquired the right 0 occu (iii] ~dhiars (crop-sharers). pancy and from crop-sharers (adhiars) on rground In t4e temporarily settled q.reas the persop.s of personal cultivation a maximum areas of 33-1/3 holding upder private individuals are : (i) privileged acres subject to the condition that each under raiyats; (ii) occupancy miyats; (iii) non-occupancy raiyat or the adhiar is left with 3-1/3 acres, until raiyats; and (iv) non-occupancy under-raiyats. he has been allotted alternative land of .equivalent Privileged, occupancy and non-occupancy raiyats value i:q !he locality. - hold their lands .under proprietors, land holders or sett1emepJ holders. Those holding under proprietors The right of r?sumption could be exercised of revenue-free estates are liable to conie directly within 5 years of the commencement of the Act. under the State after abolition of sucp estftes. The period expired on 15th February, 1963. There Occupancy and non-occupancy under-rmyats was no time limit for reservation. an~ adhiars hold their land under the raiyats. Under-raiyats or crop-sharers have not been (i) Occupancy apd (ii) non-qccupan~y raiyats: given the right to acquire ownership of non-resum The rights of such tenants are the same able areas. There is a provision, however, for as are described in the case of perma enabling the under-ra!yat who may be cultivating nently settled areas. surplus lands that would vest in the Governmen~ under the ceiling law on imposition of ceiling, to (iii) Privileged raiyats: The right can be take settlement on such lands. Though provisions acquired by continuous possession for a have been made in the law for maximum rent and period of not less than 12 years by a prevention against ejectment, the adhiars are raiyat who h~s held land at a . rate. of rent gerterally not regarded as tenants (under-raiyats). never exceeding the revelUle rate or half of the revenue rate in addition to service Rent to be rendered by him or on ~payment of bhog (i. e.· article of food required by The crop share payable by an adhiar custom to be offered to deity). They is not to exceed 1/5th of th~ prod~e if the crop have complete permanent, heritable and sharer supplies plough, cattle etc., mid 1/4th 1f the trat1sferable rights. land-owner provi~es plough, cattle etc. xxii As regards rents payable by under-taiyats Land and Revenue Regulation, ,1886 and Rul~ \Yhere it is pll-ip in casp., it is not to exceed. by more made thereunder for the purpose of settlement of ~than 5Q% the rent payable by the landowper lan,d in their respective areas. Thus"there are two in the temp.orarily settled areas and 100% in the kinds of land, tenure system' arl'l in vogue in the permanently settled areas. In temporarily settled plain portions of AutQnomous Di~tricts viz.~ tlistricts the maximum rent has also ,b~en fixed at Periodic Leases (Leases for 30 or 15 years) and 1/4th of the gross produce for prociuce rents an~ Annual Leases. Howeyer, the/ lands in the hill -3 times the land revenue for cash rents: areas of Mikir Hills, Garo Hills and the lands held by the clans in the United Khasi-Jaintia Hili'S have LAND TENURES SYSTEM IN JIILL no individual holdings. The lands in -the aforesaid areas are being owned and administered by the DISTRICTS OF ASSAM communities or clans as recogniseq. under the local customs ptevalent in these areas. Such commupity lands called Akhin or Ri-Raid lands, cannot be There were no intermediary tenures as such in sold, mortgaged or otherwise transferred' without the Hill Districts of Assam excePt that certain the prior permission of the District' Council. The rights of Chiefs in Mizo and Lushai hills which District Councils of the aforesajd Autonomous were somewhat like zamindaries have been abolis Districts have not so far made any laws with a view hed under the Assam Lushai Hills District (Acquisi to modify or change the customary practices tion of Chief Rights) Act, 1954. ~amindari system in the said areas under their jurisdicrion. in the plain portions of Garo hills has been abolished with effect from 14-4-1958 under the The ten~mci!!s in the Autonomous Districts are Assam State Acquisition of Zamindaris Act, 1951, not regulated and, generally, lands are lease!i out as amended il1 1953. on half crop-share basis for one year only. This The land tenure system in the Autollomous system is called adhi or byante. Some lands are Districts is not the same as that of the plairt dist also Jeased out on payment of fixed sum of money ricts of Assam, nor is there an.y uniformity in the or produce as rent on year to year basis. nature of rights over lll-nds throughout the Auto nomouS Districts. The Mizo District Council hfls Shift cultivation (Jhuming) is controlled and Jllade its own enactment, viz., The Mizo District regulatep_ by the regulations of respective District (Agricultural Land) Act, 1963, providing fot the Councils.' The ff!g_ulations impose certain restric recognition of permanent rights in land in the tions on shifting cultivation without previous permi District on payment oCa house-tax or Hoe tax., ssion from District Councils and they also prohi The other District Councils adopted the Assam bit jhu}l1ing in ce,rtain areas. BIHAR Abolition of Intermediaries Intermediary tenures obtaining in the State and Government estates. The Government es41tes were: ' which were also called Khas Mahal estates, Were under the direct control of the Gove,rnmem,and (I) Permanently settled .estates'; the proprietary rights therein vested in th~ State. There were about 2.17 lakh permanently settled (2) Temporarily settled estates. estates, 739, temporarily settled estat~s and 421 Government estates. About 90 per cent of the total area of Bihar I was coyered by the permanently settled estates and In the permanently settled and te~porarily tbe remaining 10 per cent by temporarily settled settled zamindari estates, the proprietary rights in xxx the land vested in the proprietors or tenure non-occupancy raiyats, came into direct relation holders. ship with the State, but otherwise hold their rights under the Government Qn same terms arid con The Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950 provides ditions as under the ex-intermediaries. They also for the abolition of zamindaris in permanently and continue to pay to the Government the same temporarily settled areas. The A~t was" ho_wever, amount of rent as they paid to the zamindars. The challenged in Law Courts and Its ,actual Imple intermediaries were entitled to retain their entire mentation could start only by the ml?dle of ~9~2, priv'!_te or privileged land or land in possession of In the beginning, only the rights of mtermedla~les temporary lessees, as occupancy raiyats. The sub having a gross annual income exceedmg , teJ?ants of intermediaries i.e., occupanc:y under Rs. 50,000/- could be acquired.It was also necess~ry ralyats and non-occupancy under-raiyats, also do under the original Act t Held from private persons or institutions tenants hold on un-written or oral leases I and cannot exercise their tenancy rights These are: (i) occupancy under-raiyats; and effectively. In areas to which the Bihar (ii) non-occupancy under-raiyats. Their rights Tenancy Act, 1855 applies, the Collectors continue to be regulated under :- are empowered to restore possession to unlawfully ejected under,raiyats, suo moto, (i) The Bihar Tenancy Act of 1885 or on application. which applies to areas other than Chhota Nagpur Division and The Bihar Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Santhal Parganas ; on Area and Acquisition of Surplus Land) (ii) The Chhota Nagpur Tenancy Act, Act, 1961 includes tenancy provisions relating 1908 ; to land holders who are subject to ceiling limit. Such a land holder will be entitl (iii) The Santhal Parganas Tenancy ed to resume upto the ceiling limit the land held (supplementary provision) Act, , by an under-raiyat in excess of 5 acres. If the 1949. under-raiyat holds less than 10 acres, the land (i) Occupancy under-raiyats : The right of holder is entitled to resume half the occupancy accrues to an under-raiyat after area . subject, however, to the condition that a 12 years of continuous possession.· He minimum area of one acre including the area becomes entitled to the use of, succession owned by him, if any, will be left with the under to and eviction from his land as occu raiyat. As regards under-raiyats holding land pancy raiyat. However, few under-raiyats from persons who are not subject to ceiling limit, could acquire the right of occupancy. the provisions of the Tenancy Act of 1885 will continue to be applicable. (ii) Non-occupancy under-raiyats : Those holding land on written leases are Rent tenants-at-will and are liable to ejectment on the expiry of the term of lease. Non Produce rent: 7/20th of the gross produce. occupancy under-raiyats holding on oral Cash rent: not to exceed by more than 50% of leases are not liable to ejectment except the rent payable by the landowner if the tenancy on grounds of ,non-payment of rent or is held under a registered lease and,in other cases improper use of land. The bulk of the by 25 %. GUJARAT Abolition of Intermediaries the nature of these tenures differed and also the rights enjoyed by their holders, separate legislation Former Bombay State had to be passed for their abolition. Thus about 28 Abolition Acts and two Resumption Rules have Although the main land tenure system in been enacted for the abolition of these inams and former Bombay State has been ryotwari, there other non-ryotwari tenures. LegislatioI! for . aboli were certain inams and non-ryotwari tenures in tion of these tenures has generally been Imple-" the pre-merger and merged areas of the State such mented except in case of certain inams and mis as personal inam, pargana and kulkami wattans, cellaneous alienations in merged territories whe(~ inferior village wattans, talukedaiies, service survey and settlement and record of rights dig not inams, khoti and jagir tenures etc. These covered exist. about 12.9 million acres i. e., 19 percent of the total area of the former Bombay State. These The abolition Acts generally provide for the were generally grants of land and/or of land abolition of special rights enjoyed by the tenure revenue and also cash grants, in some cases. As holders and the conversion of their tenures into roytwati holdings: The tenure-ho\deJtl were de tenant. The principal tenants of the gfrasdar clared occupants in_.. respect o.f their (:ntire tenures became occupants in respect of the rest of lands on payment of full ass~ssment upder the Bombay held by them on payment of occu.pancy price equal Land Revenue Code. Th'eir tenants and sub-tenants to six times the assessment.· With a view to enabl~ did not come into direct relationship with the Stat((. the girasdari tena.nts to acquire the tepancy rights, R.owever, where the inter':plediaries did not enjoy a Co-operative Land Mortgage Bank wlls established full proprietary rights in larrd such as khots, wh\ch advanced loans to tht': tenants to \h~ extent ankatedars, talukedars and jagirdars ih ,merged _ot Rs. 1,77 crores. The loan was rei1ayable at territories, the lands were settled with inferior 61 per cent rate of interest iri four instalments. holders, . permanent tenants and also in certain In this way, by the end of 19~5, all the tenants ca:ses, with ordinary tenants on payment 'of occu numbering 55,000 had acquired occup~cy rights pancy price. Whete the inferior holders and perma- I in respect of 14.43 lakh actes. The average hold nent tenants paid assessment only, nO' occupancy ing of a girasdar comes to about 36 acres, while price was payable. In all cases, uncultivated and the average hold!!tg of a tenant is about 26 acres. waste lands of the tenure holder& vested in the State on payment of c0mpensation. The Saurashtra Barkhali Aboiition Act, 1951 which provides for the abolition of barkhali tenure The intermediary tenures which have not yet came into fC1'fce on 1st September,. 1951. The been abolished are : (i) devastMn inams or inams barkhalidars were only alienees of land revenue held by rellgiou& and chittitable instittltiol1s, and and had no proprietary il1terest in the land. After (ii) service inams useful to_Government other thl1n abolition, the barkhalidars were made occupants kolkarni and inferiot village wattans and patelS: in rl!spec~ of their gar~hed lands. Provision wa'S State Government propose to continue the ~eligious made for allotment of half to one I1conomic holding and charitable inams which Will'be subject to only' to small barkhalidars who owned land not exceed regulatory legislation providing for management ing two economic holdings. Provision was also and maintenance of trust properties and proper made for leaving a minimum area of half an accounts. The State Government do not propose economic holding with the tenant. The tenants to' aoolish the remaining ttervice inams, as their wen~ declare4 occupants in respect of the remain abolition would involve considerable financial ing land held by them without paying any occu burden. 'pancy price :;tnd came into direct relationship with the StS!.t~. Under this artangement about 28,000 Former Saurashtra area tenants were declared occupants' in respect of 5 lakh acres. The average area held by a In former Saurashtra (comprising Rajkot and barkhalidar after abolition isabout 10 acres and Junagarh districts and parts of some other districts), -..... the average area held by a tenant is about about 3/5th of the area was non-ryotwari and the 18 acres. remaining 2/5th was ryotwari. The two principal non-ryotwari tenures were girasdari and barkhali The sub-tenants of girasdars and barkhalidars tenures. remained un-affected. The Saurashtra Land Reforms Act was passed Former Kutch area in 1951 to abolish girasdari tenure. It came into force 011 1st September, 1951. 'Under the Act, the About 2/3rd of the Former .Kutch area was girasdars wete made occupants in respect of their covered by inams and jagirs and the remaining kharkhad lands. In certain cases provision w~s 1/3rd was khalsa (ryotwari). Legislation was also made for the allotment of land to girasdars 'passed in 19!58 for the, abolition of thes~ tenures. up to a limit varying from one economic holding The Legislation is under implementation. Under the to three economic holdings. The economic holdings legislation, occupancy and other tenants come varied from 20 to 40 acres. The allotment was illto direct relationshtp with the State and intl!tirte:_" made first from past~re land or culturable waste, diaries are ~ettled with their g:arkhed (privat~ if the girasdar wished to utilise it for his personal lands only. lIowever, in the c;:ase of varduka ari~ cultivation, otherwise from tec.ants' holdings. In kamipassa tenures a,nd service Inams, the tenant~ of the allotment of tenanted la,nds, provision was intermediaries holding for less than three yearS" 6n made for leaving atleast half the area with the the date of abolition do not come into direct xxxiii relationship with the State. The rignts of -the sUQ: of soil. A landlord was required to give notice for resumption to the tenant on or tenants also remained un-affected. before 31st December, .1956 and apply'to the Land Tenure and Tenancy Reforms mamlatdar for actual possession on or before '31st March, 1957. Owned or held from Government , Under the Act, all the tenants whose land The persons- with whom the lands settled lords held more than ,one economic holding and by the State are called occupants. An occupant whose total inco'me exceeded Rs. 1500/-, were under the 'Old Tenure' holds his lands on a perma declared owners in respect of non-resumable land nent heritable and transferable basis. However, on 1st April, 1957 (It was called qTiHer's Day,t.). the ;ights of an occupant under 'New Tenu~e' are The maximum land that they can thus purchase is heritable but impartible, and the land IS not three economic holdings. The price that he is transferable without the permission of Government. required to pay for the land purchased by him is This tenure was created in 1901 in th,e. then fixed at 20 to 200 times the assessment plus the ,Bombay Presidency and the land was onglOally value of structure. It is payable in annual instal granted on this tenure to ,members of backward kents not exceeding 12 with simple interest at 4t% classes and aboriginals an~ hill tribesl... and to per annum. If the tenant does not want to become bonafide cultivators belonglOg to non·oackward owner or he falls into arrear' of four instalments classes who are poor, with the purpose of ensuri,?g he is liable to ejectment. that the holders were not deprived of the benefIts of the grants by mortgage or disposal by any other By an amendment Act, small owners, i. e., form of transfer. Lands denoted in bhumidan owning not more than one economic holding and and granted to the landless labourers and lands who had not exercised the right of resumption, given to maldharis and rabaris -(cattle breeders) were given another chance to do so by March 31, under the scheme of settlement of "nomadic tribes 1962. Provision was also made for, trahsfer 'of /arc~ also granted under this tenure. ownership to their tenants in respect of non-resum able area by 1st April, 1962. Held from private persons or institutions I - Former Bombay area It is reported that more than 4.6 lakh tenants were deemed to have purchased ownership in In the fotmer Bombay area there are (i) per respect of nearly 14 lakh acres in Gujarat State manent tenants; (ii) ordinary tenants, The' rights and 4 lakh tenants holding 10.5 la1<:h acres in are regulated under the Bombay Tenancy and Maharashtra State. Agricultural Land Act, 1948. The Act was amended extensively in 1955. Rent (i) Permanent tenants: Permanent tenants are The maximum rent is not to exceed 1/6th of those who (i) hold their lands as mulgenidars the gross produce or 3 to 5 times the land revenue or mirasdars; or (ii) by custom, agreement or whichever is less. the decree or order of Court, holds the l~nd on lease permanently. A permanent tenant has got Kutch area complete security of tenure. All 'Permanent tenants became oecupants in respect of lan?s The persons holding under the occupant,s are cultivated by them personally on 1st Apnl, called ordinary tenants, Their rights are regtllated 1957 on payment of compensation equal to under the Bombay Tenancy'and Agricultura~!~ands six times the rent. (Kutch area) Act,. 1958. ,Tenants ,11av.e got security of tenure subject to the landlord'S nght Qf (ii) Ordinary tenants : Ordinary tena~ts resumption in the following manner :-;-' including protected tenants have got secuflty (a) A landlord owning and' cultivating of tenure subject to the landlord's right to personally less \ than 1/3rd of family resume land..upto three economic hold}ngs on holding can resume entire area leased; (A the condition that' every tenant retams half family holding varies from 12 to 45 the area leased. An economic holding varies between 4 to 16 acres depending upon the class acres). XfXiv (b) In other s::as~s, a landlord can resume Saurashtra area lanq upto 3 family holdings ~fter leavin~ half the leased Iap,Q with the tenant. There is no law to regulate tenancies. How ever, t1).e law prohibits occupallts to lease their A landlord could resume the land within a lands.' In addition to the leases existing at the period of 2 years of the commencement of the Act commencement of the A~l, 4easing by disi;lbled i. e., by 31.12.1960. He had also to give one year's persons and_ Defence personnel is allowed. Such potiqe to tenant at any time withip the said period leases have to be register~Q with the Government. pf two years. A provision was also made for L~ases made in contr(\vention of the law (\re confermept of occupancy rights upon tenants with declared void and both the Jeasee and the lessor are effect from April 1, 1961. liabl~ to' punishment. ' Rent Rent The maximum rent is not to el'ceed 1/6th of the gross produce or 4 tim~s the land revenue. Not regulllted. JAMMU AND KASHMIR Abolition of Intermediaries Tenants have got the right of occupancy (called maurousi or mustakil), under the Tenancy Act of ~ertain intermediary tenures such as &uperior 1923 if they were in possession of land for specified owners and landlords in respect'of lands held by periods on particular dates. occupancy tenants have not so- far peen abolished. Tenants holding lands at the commencement Land Tenure and Tenancy Rpforms of. the Tenancy Amendment Act of 1955 were Owned or held from Government declared protected tenants (Mahfuz muzaira). Protected tenants are liaole to 'ejectm~nt frol1l a Persons holding directly under- the State are: limited area if the owner requires t11e land for (l)Proprietors or landowners, (2) Tillers and (3) ptrsonal cultivation_ The limit of resumption Allottees. The proprietors or landowners hold the from a protected tenant is 2 acres of wet land or ll,),Ild on perlll,(lnent, heritable and transferable basis. 4 acres of dry land in Kashmir Province and They can sell, mortgage, or dispose of the land in any 4 acres of wet land or 5 acres of dry land in Jammu manner they like. The persons with whom surplus Province. An owner whose holding does not exceed lands were settled a!t~r the imposition of Big 4 acres of wet land or 6 acres of dry land in Landed Estates AbolItIOn Act are called tillers. Kashmir Province and 6 acres 6f wet land or They hav\, got permanent and heritable but not 8 acres of ary land in Jammu 'Province is permit transferable rights. They cannot sell or mortgage ted to resume land upto the limit of resumption. their lands without the permission of the Govern In case of owners wl}ose holdings exceed these ment. The displaced persons allotted evacuee or areas, the owner's right of resumption is subject to surplus lands are called allottees. These persons the_ tenant's right to retain a minimum area of are yet to be settled on permanent, heritable and 2 acres of wet land or 4 acres of dry land in transferable basis. Kashmir Province and 4 acres of wet land or 6 acres of dry land in Jammu Province. The owners Helil (rom private persons on institutions were required to apply for resumption of land with in a period of six months from the' commencement There are the following classes of tenants ; of amendment of 1955. The period has expired. (a) Occupancy tenant; The selection of land for personal cultivation (b) Protected tenapt; was to be made by agreement betwe-exr the tenant and the landlord and failing that by a revenue (c) Ordinary tena,nt. officer. 0 xxxv If the resumed land is not bro,ught under however, been imposed and about 2.3 lakh acres personal cultivation within 6 months to one year, of surplus land hav,:: been settled with tenants who the tenant shall be entitled to restoration to the were already in possession. minimum area mentioned above. Rent Tenants admitted after the commencement of' the Act of 1955. are ordinary tenants (gair A person whose holding exceeds 121 acres is maurousi Of gair mustakil). They are tenants-at entitled to receive as rent one-fourth of the gross will and are liable to ejectment on the expiry of produce for wet land and one-third of the produce the term of lease from their entire holdings. for dry land. Persons whose holding does not exceed 12l acres are entitled to receive rent at There is no provision for transfer of owner half the produce for all classes of land.. The seed, ship to tenants nor for an optional right of plough and bullock are to be provided by the purchase. A ceiling on existing holdings htl-s, landlord. KERALA Abolition of Intermediaries them and paid them to jenmis. The Jenmikaram Payment (Abolition) Act, 1960, in force since 23-2-1961, provides for the abolition of jenmi dues. By the Edavagai Rights Acquisition Act, 1955 The SUb-tenants holding under the k~namdars are the Government have extinguished rights and called verumpattam tenants. These lands are, privileges of the edavagai chiefs in respect of their however, assessed with basic tax payable to edavagais in Ttavancore Area on payment of Government. compensation, and imposed basic tax on edavagai lands in order to place the edavagai tenants on the same footing as registered holders and pattedars The shreepandat:avaka lands belong to the of land under the Government. An edavaga was diety sree padmanabhaswami. The land rc The intermediary tenures in Cochin area are: Malabar area puravaka lands and inam lands. In the' case of puravaka lands, besides Government and the tenant The former Mall!bar area also has a ~mplex there is an intermediary, the jenmi, as in the case tenural ,system under which the jenmi enjoyed of jenmom lands in the Travancore area. The inam absolute proprietorship over land holding directly lands are in the natjJre of personal grants made for under the State. The lands had been leas~d long the performance of certain spe~ifjed services to back to kanamdars for a period of 12. years which religious institution etc. or for services rendered on was liable to renewal. The rent payable by the previous occasions. These are treated as tax-free kanam tenants is called michavaram. The lands sulpect only to the payment of quit-rent. were leased on terms with slight modifications to other also who were called by such various names I Rest of the intermediary tenures other than as kuzhikanamdars, kanam kuzhikanamdars and edavagai tenures, pattazhi devaswom lands and customary verumpattamdars. The actual culti jenmi tenure in Travancore area, have yet to be vators who held lands under kanamdars are called abolished. ' cultivating verumpattamdars. A verumpattamdar in continuous possession for six years was given Land Tenure and. Tenancy Reforms fixity of tenure by the amendment of the Malabar Tenancy Act, 1955. Former Travancore area Kasargad taluk of Cannanore district was In Travancore, about 4/5th of the land is governed by the Madras Cultivating Tenant called 'sirkar' or 'pandaravaka' land. ~ Under the - Protection Act, 1955. Papdarapattom Proclamation of 1040 M. E., the tedants called pandarapattom tenants became full Pending the enactment of comprehensive proprietors of these lands subject only to the pay legislation, since April, 1957, ejectment of tenants ment of land-tax. including waramdars (Crop-sharers) bad been stayed throughout the State. About 1/5th of .the total area was jenmom, of which jenmis are considered the absolute proprie The above provisions in force in different parts tors. The jenmi lands were leased to kanam or of Kerala have now been replaced by the Kerala kanampattam tenants on payment of janmi dues Land Reforms Act, 1963 which came into force which have now been abolished. The sub-tenants with effect from 1st April, 1964. The main holding under the kanaindars are called verum provisions of the Act -are as under:- pattam tenants. Since 1950, ejectment of verum pattaw tenants had beetl. stayed. The Act provides for fixity of tenure, regu lation of rent, conferment of ownership rights on Cochin area tenants, imposition of ceiling on holdings and r- ,regulation of rights of kudikidappukars. In the case of pandaravaka verumpattam lands, pattas have l)een granted to the holders of The Act provides for fixity of tenure for all these lands and they are heritable and transfer tenants subject to landlords right to resume land able. for personal cultivation on the conditions mentio ned below:- In jenmom lands, the kanamdars holding under the j~nmis have alienable and heritable 1. In case the tenant himself holds more rights in respect of their lands. The Kanam than the ceiling area (ceiling! area varies between Tenancy Act, 1955 conferred full proprietary "rights 15 to 36 acres) the landlor.d can resume the excess on kanamdars. This Act provides for ,the settle land to make up upto his ~iling area. ment, collection and payment of jenmikaram in respect of th'ese lands. Actual cultivators are called 2. A small holder i.e. a landlord who does verompattamdars. By the Cocbin Verumpattam not have interest in .land exceeding 8 standard dars Act of 1118 M.E: (1943), fixity of tenure was acres (or 24 acres in extent whichever is less) granted .to the verumpattamdars and the land could resume half the area leased to a tenant. The P owners had no rights of resumption. maximum extent of land which a small holder can xxxvii. so resume including lands already in his possession (ii) In other cases 1/3rd of the is not to exceed 4 standard acres (or 4 acres produce whichever is greater). Applications for reS'umption Dry Land are to be made within one year of the commence ment of the Act, i.e., by 1.4.1965. In the case of a (i) Cultivated with 1/8th of gross tenant who already has fixity of tenure u;n.1er groundnut or pr,oduCe previous laws, resumption is permitted if the tenil-nt other crops ' wants to purchase ownership. (ii), In other cases Rs.4/- per acre There is. provision for of regulatio~ (iii) Land under II/4th of the gross surrenders. A surrender by a tenant will not be sugar· cane valid unless duly registered by revenue authorities. produce The extent of land which the tenant can surren(ier APPENDIX is restricted to the 'area which the landlord c:an resume. ~and Tequres in Kerala-an historical peI'5pective Provision has been made for prohibiting fuUlre Throughout the evolution of land tenures in Ker~la they consisted of a horde of rights on land tenancies except in the case of persons sufferjng varYIng from absolute proprietary ownership to the from a disability or member of Armed Forces or most transient form of tenancy devoid of all secu seamen. rIty. Raving aiIsen time alter time 'oy'causes pO)'tt'I;o Provision has been made to enable tenants to cal, sacerdotal and economic, t]1ese tenures surpass acquite ownership on payment of purchase pr'ice tho~e of the rest of India in the immensity of their specified in the Act. The State Government llas vanety. Yet, they admit of a broad classification also been empowered with effect from a date to be into three main groups viz., proprietary ownership, notified to acquire the. inter~sts of landowners in lands held under GQvernment, and lands held respect of non-resumable area. The purchtlse under private persons or institutions. ~price is 16 times the fair rent. A tenant of a small holder already enjoying fixity of tenl)re Land Tenures in the former Travancore area can exercise the right of purchase only subject to Proprietary ownership the condition that he permIts the small holder to resume half the area held by him. For acquiring Jenmom, Brahmadayam and MuJwarge the ownership of the remaining portion, the tenjl.nt has.to 'pay purchase price as specified in the Act. Under the category of prbprietary ownership there are two kinds of ownership, one which is Provision has also been made fot a qualified inherent in the original occupation of land and the fiXity for kudikidappuka~s (occupants of other which was .conferred by Government huts). ~:m the holders of sirkar lands. The first category IS known as jenmom. The traditional account 'Rent is that Shree Parasurama, made a gift of the entire land in Kerala to brahmins who there Provision has been made for fixation of fair after, enjoyed the full proprietary ownership of the rent. The rates of rent specified under the .Act land. ~his ~radition is, however, not acc~pted by for some categories of land are mentioved all. It IS eVIdent from the trend of authorities below:- that a considerable portion of the land in Kerala Land converted into 1/8th of gross was owned by certain individl,Jals or families among nilam by tenant's produce whom were a large :r;lUmber of namboothiris and labour nairs. Jenmom lands were fonnerly tax-free' but wh.en once alienated. to other they were subje~t to" Other nilam 1/4th of gross a lIght tax and the fIght over lands so alienated jis produce known as 'kudijenmom'. By the Lana. Tax Proclamation of 1947 of Txavancore basic tax 'Was Coconut fields introduced on all lands with the exceptioii'~of (i) Planted by IjlOth of the sreepandaravaka and sreepadam lands,. Power was t~nants produce also reserved with Government to exempt any xxxvili other land from the imposition of basic tax. With quently given over to Government. The lands'~re the enactment of this law the jenmom lands outstanding with tenants either as 'kandukrishi in Travancore generally lost their tax-free ·cbaracte~. pattom' lands or as 'kandukrishi thanathu'lands. Thus, most of the jenmom lan.ds have lost theIr The tenants were originally only tenants-at-will. primary distinguishing feature, VIZ., fr~edo~ from Special rules called 'Kandukrishi Rules' regulated taxation. The rights possessed .bY.Jennu ,?ver the relationship with tenants but later Government jenmom land is one of ownershIp m the sOli as have amended this rule with a view to facilitate complete as ever was enjoyed .by .a freeholder the enfranchisement Of these lands and the confer in England. The title of the Jenmi IS IJ?-herent an.d ment of the proprietary ownership on the tenants the jenini is a little territorial ~overelgn. over hIS .on certain conditions. land by virtue of this ownershIp. Barrmg a few cases the jenmis used to ..let out jenmom lll;nds for ~ultivation .10 others enjoying only the b~nefit of rent PandaruaJ(a, Pandarapattom and Petumpathu derived therefrom, th~ manner of so lettlhg the land . varying according to the tenure create.d. There Apart from the category of lands over which were three kinds of jenmom lands. One IS freehold the owner has inherent proprietary right there which is entirely exempt from the payment of tax remained , the land over which 'nobody excep~ to Government under any circumstances. Lands Government had full proprietary right. These, originally held free from payment. of ta~. but lands art called sirkar lands, A good portion of became subsequently liable under cert11l0 condltH;lDS 'such lands was original1y leased out to private constituted the second categQry and lands 'pa~mg individuals who were occupying them as tenants 'rajabhogam' or a light tax from the very begmnmg, of the Government. The Travancore Government, the third. The first was called 'adhikara ozhivu' by a Royal Proclamation known as the 'Pattorn and 'desa ozhivu', the second 'devaswom. and Proclamation' conferred rights of permanent brahmaswom lands' and the last 'madatnblmar occupancy upon a large body of verumpattorn vaka' lands. The shades of difference among the holders under the sirkar who untile than held the various categories of jenmom ~ands ~~ve, however, land, in theory at . least, as tenants-at-will. This lost their significance with The ImposltIO~ of tax re, the virtue of certain transactions in which a deed of Attingal Ranis having the right to approprIate the money consideration has been entered, the sirkar revenue from the lands'. Most of these lands are being the mortgagor and the tenant the mortgag.ee. outstanding with tenants. Most of these have originated from the sirkar havmg conquered' or taken possession of tracts .including Kandukrishi la.nds properti~s givpn over to the ryots by 'raJahs'. a~d petty chiefs of old for sums bor~ow~p. or ~he sUKar These were originally 'sthanam' properties of succeeding to rights of certaIn chleftalns whose His Highness the Maharaja of Travancore subse- properties were held by tenants for moneys advanced xxxi~ b,y tpem. Tqe lan~§ were; all along oonsidered th~ 5. Karamozhiru SarnQlanibJlam prop~rtY of the l:\older& wl:\o are QQmpet~~t to alienate them at will but on transfer the condItIons This is &n honourary grant made to persons of J~n"!lre under w~nt a <;:hange Qy a; ~rpcess ~alled of qistinction for signal services ,rendered. ottivilakanom. The process of 'ottivdk;anom was iubsequ~ntiy abolished. and it ,was ordered that the 6. Adima Ilroperties held on otti tenure be treated as favour ably assessed lands or inams with proprietary This is a grant of land QY 'rajas' or petty rights. chiefS generally to their domestics Jor 9ultiv~tion for personal services, past or future. The aqima 1?crsona,1 {qalps graqt for past services is not resumable and the grantee has absol~te powers of dispqsal of the" iStme. There arc two kinds of ifiams viz., personal and service.inams. The former are granted for the 1. TbiruvaIJam and Tbirn,.odayaJ~ support of individuals ot families 'eit4er l;!S ~ rewarq for the services rendered or as a mark of favour as These consist of lands grant~d by 'rajas' or distinguished from those granted for f~tur~ per big jenmies to ~heir dOf\lestics for SOIPe special formances of services m the case of s.ervlce mams. ryasons. Service inams being conditional on the performance of services do not carr)' with them absolut~. pro 8. Gurudaksbina prietorship. Btlt in the cas~ of perso?al !na~s absolute proprietorshi~ wit~ nght of alI~na~IOn IS This is a gift given by 'rajas' to the guru or available in respect of certam ~rants! wh~le ~n. ~he teacher as reward for educating the members in the case of others certain conditIOns lIke prohIbItIon rOY1\1 family. of alienation or resumption after the life time 'of tHe iham-holder would have been incorporated in the 9. 'Raksbabbogam grant. The following are some of the personal nams: Includes land given to some tenants by the :.rajas· and 'madall\bimars' for Je§cyjng them from 1. Aiibbbogllnt dangers. Anubhogam means land given as 'kudiyiruppu' 10. Dbanapramanain or otherwise to persons belonging to the same caste as that" of the grantor bearing a s~all rent or tax This indicates land given to the brahmins by for their maintenance for no servIce of any des 'rajas' and other chieftains for ministering to their cription, e.g. gifts 9Y the goodwill of the Sovereign. spiritual benefit. 2. Palanchottu V-iruthi 11. Kudiyiruppu This denotes gifts made for the maintenance This is a dwelling site granted at pleasure of officers and domestic servants of the Sovereigns registered in the ryot'& name and bearing a light in former days. assessment, sometimes tax-free. 3. Manibham 12. Ubhaya qmbalam This consists of lands granted to those persons This is a persqnal inam in the. former ..shen who rendered good service to the State. cottah taluk of Travancore-Cochm gr~ed' for services rendered. I 4. Ardha~nibham , . '" - So far as personal inams gqmiJd by the This incluaes inam lands charged with Government of Tiavancore covered by the settle 'pattom' only, the other half being remitted as ment are concerned, all Of them carry absolute cothpensatioll' for services ten4ered. proprietorship, alienable and heritable. xl sideration. 'Jenmom land' under the Jemhi a~d Owned or held from Goyeroment Kudiyan Act is land other than 'pandaravaka', Next tb the lands with proprietary ownership 'sreepadamvaka', 'kandukrishi' or 'sirkaf come lands held' under Government on. tenures less devaswom' land recognised as such in the sirkar substantial than ownership. The main tenure account, which is eitht:r entirely exempt from which comes under this category is the leas~. A 9over_nment ta~ or if assessed to public revenue, lease of ',poramboke lands' or trees standing t~ere l~ subJect t? 'r~Jabhogam' only and the occupancy o'n, or both the land .and thy tree~ ~o~ether, eIther rlght III which IS created for a money consideration with time limit or without tIme lumt, IS known as ~K~nom) an~ is also subject to the payment of 'kuthakapattonj.o'. The 'pattom' ,o,r rent pay~~le mlchavarom or customary dues and the payment to Go.'Vernment is. fixed at the time of grantmg of renewal fee. The relationship between the the'lease. The land is resumable either 6n ·~he tenant a?d jenmi was, until recently, governed by termination of the lease or ev~n during the tenure t~e Jenml and Kudiyan Act under which the jenmi of the lease if i~ is for public purpose. Th~ lease dId ~ot h~ve any right, claim or interest· except is non-transferable and liable to cancellatlon on the rlght to receive the jenmikaram a.nd the tenant transfer. The Government of Kerala have i~s~ed deemed to be the owner· of the land subject only rules under the Land Assignment Act provldmg to the payment of jenmikaram which was collec for the registry of sirkar ,lands whether given on ted by the Government on behalf of the jenmi and kllthakapattom o.r otherwise pr~vided they are ~ade over to. the latter after deducting the collec~' available for regIstry and the aSSIgnment of lands tlOn charges. By the enactment of the Jenmikaram Abolition Act, 1960 _,the kanapattom lands were under these rules is in progress: enfranchised and the liability to pay jenmikaram was abolished. The kanamdar became the owner Service Inams of the kanam land thereafter. The right of a These are inams granted by _sirkar to fami1i~s kanamdar is both heritable and transferable. or individuals for the performl:lnce of. certam services. ,Holders are entitled to undlsturbea Marayapattom or Pattam Otti pos,session so long as they continue to discha~ge the services. The land is liable for resumption This is a lease granted on receipt of one year's either pn failure to perform the . servi?es or on rent or less as advance. The tenancy was bne a alienation. Most of the servIce mams of will till the evictions were stayed by tempor,ary Travancore are know by the name 'viruthis'. These legislations pending the implementation of further are of immense variety. 'Koothuviruthi' is granted land reforms. for the performance of 'koothu' or story telling, 'koottuviruthi' for beating of drums, 'vallaviruthi' 'Mara Patmm' or 'Karanma Pattom' for bringing boats for ceremonies, 'anaviruthi' for the supply of elephants for festivals, 'malaviruthi' . ThIS is a lease granted in perpetuity on pay~ for the supply of flower garlands to the t.emp~es ment of rent or other dues annually. The tenant· etc., are some of the examples of these serVIce is not to be evicted if he pays the annual dues. inams. Most of the names under which personal inams are granted like 'adima', 'anubhogam' etc" 'Venpattom' 'or 'Verumpattom' are found in the case of service inams also when they are. granted for the 'due performance of future This is a lease for a year or for years, thl rent being settled and payabfe annually. The services. tenant had no fixity' of tenure and is in the sam~ Held from private persons or institutio!1s position as .the tenant of a '1l}araya pattom'. 'Kanapattam' 'Ravotti' or 'Ura Otti' This is a . demise of jenmom land made or This is a tenure less substantial than 'otti'. renewed by the jenmi. 'Kanom' means the The holder can m~rely enjoy the·land. This is an arthom or consideration paid for 'kanapattam' inferior kind-of mortg_age ~rdinari1y red~mab~ and also includes the value of improvements made unless the occupancJ right created by ~e·docuJ.llent by the tenants and treated as 'arthom' or con- {~ subject to periodIcal renewal. xli 'Michavaram Otti' same as the pandarapattom or pandaravaka of. Travancore and the pandaravaka kanom of the By this tenure the creditor is authorised to Cochin, the same as the pandaravaka ottj of collect 'michavaram'. He is in fact put in Travancore. In regard to inams' also the same Possession and remains in possession by collecting types of inams as i~ 1):av~ncore both in respect of and enjoying the rents; he is not the less 'in posses personai and serVIce eXIst in Cochin. But the' sion because this ,debt is charged on some other service inams of Cochin are not so numerous in rights such as 'adukkuvathu' etc. of his debtor variety as in Travancore. The title deed issued to also. These transactions are like 'ottis' enforce the grantee specifies the nature of the services to be able and redeemable within the period of 50 years. l?erformed. If the grant is conditional, breach of. any of the conditions or alienation entail forfeiture. 'Karanma' If it is an unconditional one alienation does not work forfeiture. This constitutes the alienated properties or other emoluments granted 'ror the performance of Lands held under Gov~rnment service in devaswoms. This is liable for cancel lation or suspension on default in the performan,?e . In Cochin it is licensing that was in vogue of services. mstead of kuthakapattom. The terms and incidents of licensing are the same as in the case of kuthaka- 'Varom' pattom. '. , This is purely a crop sharing arrangemeilt. Held from private persons or institutions Ordinarily no fixity of tenure was associated with this arrangement. But the position has changed Kanom since the enactment ot temporary legislations prohibiting eviction of 'varomdars' and the Kerala The kanom tenure of Co chin is substantially Land Reforms Act, 1963. the same as the kanom tenure of Travancore. But the kanom tenure of Travancore had the benefit Inams of an earlier legislation in the jenmi and kudiyan Act, 1071 which practically conferred the owner The same kinds of personal and service inams ship of the kanom lands on the tenants subject to granted by Government referred to supra have the payment of jenmikaram to Government and sometimes been gra~ted by private individuals and even this liability was removed and the kanom lands institutions also in respect of lands owned by them. of Travancore were enfranchised by the The nature of the right will depend upon the Jenmikaram Abolition Act of 1960. But so far terms of the grant. as Cocbin area is concerned the Cochin Tenancy Act II of 1090, had only conferred permanency of A 'kudikidappu' in the former Travancore tenure on the kanom tenants subject to certain and Cochin areas was not recognised as a tenure. conditions.' The Kanom Tenancy Act of 1955, But certain temporary legislations had given them however, is a parallel legislation on the lines of the freedom from eviction and the Kera]a Land Jenmi and Kudiyan Act, 1071 of Travancore. 'Reforms Act, 1963, completed this process. Settlement of the kanom lands in Cochin has been done in accordance with this Act. The tenants Land tenures in the fonner Cochin area have only to pay jenmikaram to the Government and subject to this the tenants are the owners of Proprietary ownership kanom lands. The right held by the tenant \ it" heri~able and transferable. The categories of tenures in the CQcliin jirea fall in the same groupings as in the Travancore Verumpattom area. There are, however, 'some t~ures which carry different rights and having different incidents. The 'jenmom' tenure of Cochin is substantially the This is the same as the verumpattom of same' as, the 'jenmom' of Travancore, the Travancore which means an ordinary lease. But pand"aravaka verumpattom tenure of Cochin the this has received fixity of tenure as early as 1943 iXlii by the enactment of the Cochin 'VeruplPflttol1ldar~' by him or due to him wWch consi9.I1f,~ A~t'Of 1118 (M. E.). tion is called 'kanartham', ~ Varom (b) t~e liability of, tJIe transferor to pay to , tile trall:>feree tnterest on the 'kanartham\ This is the same as in 'fravancore. Both in and ' Travancore and Cochin this 'Yas no~ recognise? as a land tenure and t~e varomdar hl!d never th~ (c) the payment of plichavarom by th~ privilege of being a tenant. It is oIlly the temporary transferee. enactments 'Yhid~ stayed tp.e evictiQD pf vjlrotndars and the 1<.erala Land Reforms A.~t, 1963 j t~at The tenant enjoys the fixity of tenure au'd improved the position of th~ vim;>mdars and pv~ the right held by him is heritable ap.d trans them the same status as other tenants. ferable. Where 'kanartham' exceeds in South' Malabar by 60 per cent of the value of the Land Tenures in M14labar j~nmi's 'right in the holding and in other places by 40 per cent pf ~he vilJ~e of such rigq.ts, the Proprietary ownership 'kanamdllr', did not enjoy fixity of tenure. On, specified grounds like wilful waste, del1ial of 1ano.\or<\'8 nt1e, co1'rm"Ne encroacnment 'ey 'a stranger, for the purpose of bonafide cultivation This is the same as the jenmom right in by lanq.lord's tarwad, tavazhi etc., for the Travancore subject to the diffe~ence that in the bonafide purpose of constructing a building for malabar area the jenmom rands were ~ubjcct to the landlord's tarwad, tavazhi etc., and for the land tax soon after Mysorean invasion. extension of a temple, mosque, church of other places certifIed by the Collector where the landlorQ lnam~ is the trustee thereof, .the qnomdar wa~ evict able from his holding proyiped in ,the last thrJ cases the eviction can be demanded only after . TIle p~r~onal and service mams as mentioned the -expiry of the period of 'kanam' and shall ill the gase of Travancor.e are available here also .not apply to tlle holding or that portion of the b,ut the vart~ties qf service iuams are less than in holding which consists 9f kudiyiruppu or Tr~y~cQre. These have the same incidents as in protected ulkudi or kudikidappU. The tenant has TrayanltQre. a right to use for restora~i6n of holding if the land is not used for the purpose for whlch eviction OWlJed or bel$! frQm Government was sought within a ~pecifiep period. Th~ system obtaining in Malabar was licensing 'Kuzbikanom' in the place of the kutha1caPllttom of 'Travancore. B~t since the forJU_ation of"Kerala State the ~ssign 'Kuzhikapom" means and includes tr~nsfer by m~p.t of Government lands available for registry a landlord to anpther ·called 'kuzhikanomdar' of ha~ been fll:~ilitated to a large extrnt. garden lands or other lands or both with the fruit~ bearing trees if lIny stllnding thereon ;1t thr time of Held frqm private p,ersons ~r institutions the transfer for the enjoyment of those trees and. for the purpose of planting such fruit-bearing trees 'Kanont' thereon. The rights of the 'kuzhikanomdar' are the same as that of a kanomdar. 'Kanom'~means the transfer fpr ponsideration Itn money or' in kind or in both by the landlord of Kanom-:{{JlzlttJeanom an interest in specific immovable property to 'another called the kanomdar for the latttr's enjoy 'Kanom-kuzhikanom' means and includes ment. The incidence of this transfer includes transfer by a laudlord to 'lnother called 'klJnom kuzhikjJnomdaf of g~rden lands or other land§ (a) right in the transferee to hold the said or of. both with t4~ frui~-bea!ing trr~s, if > any, pro~erty liable for the f;on.sid~ration paid standl~ thereon a.: the ,tlIq~ of ~he tqmsfer for xliii the enjoyment of thos~ tree.s and for the purpose and the tenant has the same right as that of a' of planting such frUlt-beanng trees thereon the tenant of a 'kll:diyiruppu'. incidents of which transfer include Separable Kudiyiruppu (a) right in the transferee. to h~ld the. said lands liable for conslderatlOn paId by him or due to him which consideration is This means a 'kudiJiruppu' which is included called 'kanartham', and with other property in a holding and which is not necessary for the convenient enjoyment as usual (b) the liability of the transferor to pay to of any other part of the holding. The tenant the transferee interest on the 'kanarth~m' has the same right as that of the tenant of a unless otherwise agreed to by the parttes. 'kudiyiruppu' . Customary Verumpattom Cultivating Verumpattmn 'Customary vertlmpattomdar' means any 'verumpattomdar' who, before the commencement A 'vertll1lpattomdar' means a tenant other of the Malabar Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1951, than a kanomdllr, kanom-kuzhikanomdar or Madras (Madras Act XXXIII of 1951) was entitled kuzhikanomdar of a holding for agricultural by the custom of the locality !n which the land !s .so purpCSses and cultivating verumpattomdar in respect of a holding means any verumpattomdaY situate to possession of the said lan~ for a defmlte period of years and for whose contlUuance thereon who, not being a jenmi, intermediary or after the termination of that period, for a further customary verumpattomdar of that holding has period, a renewal fee had to be paid to the land expressly or impliedly, contra<;ted to cultivate the lord as an incident of the ten,ure. Customary lands in that holding, and actually cultivates the verumpattom is tHe holding of the 'customary same. 'Cultivating verumpattom' means a holding verumpattomdar'. Both the 'kanom-kuzhi of cultivating verumpattomdar. He has the same kanomdar' and the 'customary verumpattomdar' rights as that of a tenant of a kudiyiruppu except have substantially the same rights as the that of the right of purchase. 'kanomdar' or 'kuzhikanomdar.' UIkudi Kudiyiruppu This means a hut in any porti6ti of a lana 'Kudiyiruppu' means and includes the site of outside Fort Cochin in die occupation of a person any residential building, the site or sites of other who has been permitted by the person entitled to buildings appurtenant thereto, such other lands possession of such land to occupy the hut and who as are necessary for the convenient enjoyment of otherwise has no interest in such land. The such residential building and the easements tenant has no fixity of tenure. 'Protected ulkudi' attached thereto but does not include an 'ulkudi' means an ·ulkudi' which has been in the conti or 'kudididappu'. The tenant enjoys fixity ~f huous occupation of the holder or Qf any member tenure. The right is heritable and transferable If of his 'tarwad', 'tavazhi', 'illom', 'kudumba', the tenant is actually cultivating. He is evictable 'kavara' or family for not less than one year. on the grounds mentioned in the case of ka!10~ and in addition, on non-payment of rent wlthm three months of the due date. The tenant also Kudikidappu enjoys the right of 1?~rchase, from the immedi~te landlord if the 'kudlYlruppu has been occupIed 'Kudikidappu' means a hut in any.portion of by him for not less thal1 10 years. a land in Fort Cochin in the occupation of a person who has been permitted by the person 'S~parate Ktldiyiruppu' entitled to possession of stich land to occupy the hut and who otherwise has no interest in such Separate kudiyiruppu means a kUdiyiruppu land. Both the tenants of 'protected ulkudi' and which is a sole property comprised in the holding 'kudikidappu' enjoy fixity of tenure. MADHYA PRADESH Abolition of Intermediaries Zamindaris were abolished under the Madhya Bhal'at Zamindari Abolition Act, 1951. It came Former Madhya Pradesh area into force on 2.10.51, and the rights of all the zamindars have since been acquired on payment of The intermediary tenures prevailing in former compensation. The zaminda'rs were allowed to Madhya Pradesh area were called malguzaris retain their khudkast and sir lands as pucca under which the malguzars had proprietary rights tenants. The principal tenants of zamiudars oth.er in land. The lands were temporarily settled similar than tenants of sir land and khudkast also became to those in Uttar Pradesh and there were no pucca tenants. The sub-tenants and tenants of permanently settled estates. Under the proprietors, sub-tenants and tenants of home-farm were gi~en the main body of tenants had acquired permanent, an optional right to purchase pucca tenancy 'heritable and also transferable rights. They were rights but otherwise did not come into direct called absolute occupancy tenants and occupancy relationship, with the State. 'tenants. They had a right of transfer. The rents of these tenants were also fixed and could not be J agirs were abolished under the M~dhya •enhanced except on certain limited grounds. The Bharat Abolition of Jagirs Act, 1951 which came 'rights of sub-tenants and the tenants of the private into force'on 4.12.52. All jagirs have since been lands of the malguzars were, however, not regu resumed. The jagirdars were settled with their lated at all and they were tenants-at-will. khudkast lands which were in their personal culti vation only. All the principal tenants of jagirdars . The rights of the intermediaries were abo including tenants of khudkast came into direct 'lished under the Madhya Pradesh Abolition of relationship with the State and, were declared pucca Proprietary Rights (Estates; Mahals, Alienated tenants. The sub-tenants and tenants of sub-tenants Lands) Act, 1950. It was enforced on 31.3.1951. were given an optional right to purchase the Since than the rights of all the intermediaries have ownership; otherwise they did not come into' been acquired on issue of notifications in different direct relationship with the State. areas on different dates ..After abolition, the inter mediaries have been settled with their home-farm All the tenants who came into direct relation lands and land under their personal cultivation. ship with the State in former Madhya Bharat 'The .principal tellants viz., absolute occupancy area are now called bhumiswamis under the 1:enants, occupancy tenants lmd raiyats or tenants in Madhya Pradesh Land ~evenue Code, 1959. merged territories, have,come into direct relation shig with the State'and were given the right to apquire malik makbuza (Plot Proprietor) rights in Maufis, inams and lands held by concessional their holdings. Under the Madhya Pradesh Land holderA'lave not been abolished; rather their lands Revenue Code, 1959 they have already been ~ have been settled with them as bhumiswamis there declared bhumiswamis. The position of tenants of and their tenants did not come into direct of home- farms and sub-tenants remained un relationship with the State. affected and they did not come into direct relation ship with the State. Former Vindbya Pradesh area Former Madhya Bharat area Jagirs were the principal intermediary tenures which were abolished up.der the Vindhya Pradesh The intermediaries in the former Madhya Abolition of Jagirs and Land Reforms Act, 1952. Bharat area were zamindaris, jagil,"s, maufis and All jagirs were resumed on 1.10.1953. After inams. While the zamindars ,paid revenue fixed at abolition, a jagirdar was allotted all sir and the~sett1ement the other areas were mostly rent khudkasht land which he was cultivating personally : ree. continuously for 3 years before resumption. xlv However, if the land so allotted was less than the been done to prevent fragmentation of miriimum area (a minimuIl}. area varies between 30 holdings. The right of transfer is subject to 250 acres according to the cultivated area of the to the restrictions on maximum and jagir) the jagirdar was allotted other sir or minimum limits 6n future acquisition of khudkasht land which was under his personal lan~.. The rights of a bhumiswami cultivation at the time of resumption up to 'the belonging to an aboriginal tribe shall minimum area. If the total land so allotted was not be transferable to a person not belong less than the minimum area, he was allotted any ing to such tribe without the permission unoccupied cultivable waste land in the jagir, to of the Collector. He shall, however, be make up the holding up to the minimum area. All entitled to transfer his rights in his land t~ principal tenants i. e., pachpan paintalls to secure loans from the Government or tenants, occupancy tenants, hereditary tenants, Co-operative Societies. Leasing by rent free grantees, non-occupancy tenants, holders bhumiswamis is prohibited under the of groves, came into direct relationship tvith the Code. However, a bhumiswami who is State and have since been declared bhumiswamis, suffering from a physical, or mental The rights of sub-tenants and tenants of khudkasht, disabilty or a person in the services of however, remained unchanged. the Armed Forces or a public, charitable or religious institution etc., may lease his Former JJhopaJ area holding. Jagirs in Bhopal were resumed on 1.10.1953 (ii) Government lessees: Persons holding under the Bhopal Abolition of Jagirs and Land land from the State who are not entitled. Reforms Act, 1953. The jagirdar was allowed to to be declared bhumiswamis are called retain all khudkasht land which he was cultivating Government lessees. The lands held by personally continuous}y for ~v~ years before Government lessees may be those situated resumption. In certalU cases Jaglfdars were also in a bed of river, State bandh or tank. allotted culturable land for khudkasht purposes to land required for shifting cultivation, land leased by Government for non make up their holdings up to th~ minimu~ 3;rea varying from 15-50 acres. While the pnnclpal agricultural purposes, or land reserved or tenants came into direct relationship with. the held for communal, public, charitable, State and were declared occupants, the rights of religious, educational/purposes etc. An sub-tenants and shikmis remained unaffected. The ordinary tenant in Madhya Bharat area, principal tenants are now called bhumiswamis. special tenant in Vindhya Pradesh area and gairkhatedar tenant in Sironj region Land Tenure and Tenancy Reforms of Rajasthan area are also deemed to be Government lessees. The Government The rights of tenure-holders holding directly lessees hold their lands on a temporary under the State and those of tenants holding under basis. them are regulated by the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, 1959 which applies to the entire (iii) Holders of Service Lands: Service State. It came into force on October 2, 1959. land-holders hold their l~nds 'on perma nent and heritable basis. They are liable Owned or beld from Government to ejectment if they divert their land to, The persons holding directly under the State non-agricultural uses. They do not have are :"-(i} Bhumiswamis; (ii) Government lessees a right of transfer or lease. and (iii) Holders of service lands. Held from private persons or institutions (i) Bbumiswamis: Bhumiswamis hold their lands under the State on permanent, Every tenant or SUb-tenant, other thim the heritable and transferable basis. Inherit tenant of a person who is' suffering from a dis ance is not governed by personal law. ability, holding land a.t the commencement of the The interest of a bhumiswami shall, on Code, became an qccupancy tenant. An occupancy his death, devolve in accordance with the tenant holds his land on a permanent and heritable prescribed order of succession. This has basis subject to land-holder's right of resumption. Jilvi A landhOlaer can re~rime liind from his Fte can also transfer filS tIght~ to Co-operative occupanc)' ieninits on ground or personal culti Societies for such pUif)oses. vaHon . subj¢ci to t1i~ Goiidition tJ1llt (i) the total are~ f>I the land which {lie land ljq1der can resume, A surreiider inade by ail <5ccupal\cy tl!nant including the land already heid under personal shall not be valid UIiles~ it is effected by a registered cultivation, does not exceed ~S.acfes of unirrigated instiument. On suri:end~r, a oliumiswctmi s11<111 be land and (ii) the _tenant is left W\t11 10 acres of entitled to take posseSsion of the st.fiT~riderM land unirrigated land it the lana 'has oeen under the only to the extent oriiis' tight of MsiittlptiC1t1, and possession of the tenant for a period of less than the excess land shall vest in the GovetnIilerit. 5 years, and at teast 25 a~res 9f uqirrigated land if it has been in nis possession foi a period of more Bhumlswaini Hgnts accrue to ah occUpancy than 5 years (one acre of irrigated land is deemed . tenant iii fe~ect of non-tesumable area ana the to be,eguid to .~ aCres of unirrigateo land and vice· area fof w'hich ihe tiIiumiswami Mes not make an versa). . application for reSliinPti~' within die t>t~sctibed period, >yith. effect from 1 e coirlrn~nc~I1felit of the Tfie landlord was to mARe a1'\ application to next. agncu1~!lra~ ~ ~Mr: . e ~~lliI be ii~~e td _pay the S. 0. b. ior resumption Wiiliin one year to hIS bhumiswami C<51npensatioh ~ctl1:il to 1~ times of the commg into force 01 the Code, i. e. by the land-revenue payable in five equal, annual 21st September, 1960. • The_ resumption takes instalments. Thus all teilanis are sup'pose6 to effect from the agricultural year next following, the· have been brought ~irectly under ,the State irt date of .the order. . respect of tJie Ii6il-reslimaole are'a, with effect from July,l, 1961. 1n the ocate of Inheritance, the table of devolu Han prescribe MADRAS Abolition of Intermediaries immediate need t6 reduce the very high rents prevailing in estates, the 'Madras Estates Land The intermediary tenures in, Madras were (Reduction of Rent) Acf, 1947 (M, A. XXX of tbostly perma~ently settled zamindaris and inains. 1947) was passed in the first instance. This Act There were 6,360 ,zamindari, under tenure and inam applies to all estates, i.e., the zamindari and under estates. The d~tailed break up is as follows: t~nure estates and all inam villages in which the zamin estate.1007, under tenure esta.tes 937, inams grant consisted of the melwaram alone or both the '3000 'and 1416 post-1936 inams. They all cover melwaram and kudiwaram. Under this Ac~ the approximately an extent of 13000 sq. ,miles; i.e., rents of the ryots were reduced approximately to about 25.92 per cent of the area of the State, As the level of ryotw~ri asst:ssment prevailing in the stated in, the case of Andhra Pr~desh, the rights of neighbouring ryotwari villages. The entire work intef):netihries and their ryots in estates- were 01 reductiQll of rents in a!l the estates in the State tegulated by tbe Madras EstatesJand Act, i908. was completed within a short period of two years; As l~gi~l~tion for., the abolition of inter in the meantime \pe Madras ,Estates (Abolition mediaries had to be carefufiy drafted, and would ~pd ConversiQn into Ryotwari) Act, .1948 (M. A. therefore, have taken time, and ag there was XXVI of 1948) was also passed. It came into dvii force on 19th April, 1949. The Act, however, convertin~ into ryotwari the lruvaram applies only to ~the zamindari and under-tenure Inam Estates. ' estates aq9 inam villages in whi.ch ~h~ ~rant con~i~tep of the Melvaram alone. Under the Act !fhe l\1adras Minor Inams (Abolition and' the first batch of estates was notified to be taken conversion into Ryotwari) Act for the over with effect from 7-9;1949, and since 'then purpose of flbolishing Minor inams which estates ~ave peen notified- in convrnient batch~s. consist of grants of isolated fields or Upto :10-6-62, 4923 estates (Zamin estates 1006, blocks on favourable tenure and subject under tenure estates 937; jnams 2980) measuring t9 rendering soine service or other in 11489 sq. miles were taken over, and the int~r- most cases or 'as a reward for past service mediary tenures abolished. ' etc. The intermediaries have been settled with their (iii) The Madras Lease-hold (Abolition and entire private lands. As stated in the case of conversion into Ryotwari) Act for Andhra Pradesh, the ryots who possessed occupancy abolishing the leasehold tenure. These right have been granted ryotwari 'patta specifying Acts are yet to be enforced. the assessment payable annually to Government and the surveyed extent of land recognised. The Land_ Tenure and Tenancy Reforms rights of tenants in private lands of intermediaries and sub-tenants remained unaffected and aie Owned or held from Government regulated under the tenancy legislation.' The rights of\persons holding direptly pnder Abolition Act of 1948 does not apply to the State i.e., Ryots are the same as described -in certain categories of inams stated below. They are the case pf Andhra area. yet to be abolished. In the case of land assigned by the Govern· (i) Inams which are declared as estates under ment the grant is generally subject to certain the Madras Estates 'Land (Amendment) conditions that (i) it should l?e brought ].lDder Act, 1936 or Iruwaram Inam Estates. cultiy~tion within a &P~cified perioQ, (ii) it ~p.ould 1'he¥ may cover a iotal area of 548, 748 not be aliena,t~d pr sold fQT a specifie Act 1955 has been extended to these areas. The Rent Maiabar Tenancy Act of 1929 which was made applicable to the Gudalur taluk of th.e N~lgi~is Till 1956 there was no law in the State to District by the amending Act of 1950 IS stdl 10 regulate the rent payable by tenants to their land force in that ta14k. This protects the. tenan~s lords. In 1956 the Madras Cultivating Tenants from unjust evictions by landlords and fIxes faIr (payment of Fair Rent Act), 1956 was' enacted. rent. The fair ren't fixed is not to exceed 40% of the pn?du~e f~r wet lands; 35% for wet lands where There is no provision for right of purchase or IrrIgatIon IS supplemented by lift irrigation and ownership for tenants. 33-1% in other cases. MAHARASHTRA Abolition 'of Intermediaries compulsory tran~fer of ownership to protected tenants through Issue of notifications have been The position explained under Gujarat was enforced in all the districts of Marathwada applicable to the entire former Bombay State. --and protected tenants in such cases have been br?ught into direct relationship with the State. Land Tenure And Tenancy Reforms It IS reported that 36,176 protected tenants have purchased 3,85,430 acres of ,land. Owned or held from Government -The voluntary right of purchase 'Under the The rights. of such persons i. e., occupants, Hyderabad Act has been extended in Marathwada as regulated by the Bombay Land Revenue Code, t<,> ordinary tenants also. An ordinary tenant can are the same as stated in the case of Gujarat. pUfe,hase . upto one family-holding provided his landlord IS also left with one family-holding. Held from private persons or institutions The law also provides fOf compulsory transfer of ownership to ordinary tenants after the expiry of Former Bombay area 3 years from the commencem~nt of the Hyderabad Tenancy and Agricult.ura1 Lands (Amendment) The rights of tenants are the same as stated in Act, 1957 i.e., by June 8, 1961. However the the case of Gujarat. provisions have not yet heen brought into' fo~ce. i Marathwada area Vidharbha area Tenancy provisions of the HyderabadTenancy .. T~e tenants are: (i) occupancy tenants; and and Agricultural Land Act as applicable to (11) ordmary tenants. Occupancy tenants have Telangana area are also in force in Marathwada permanent rights which are not subject to land- area. However, the provisions applicable to 10r~'s right of resumption. Lands held by an protected tenants have also been extended to ordmary tenant are resumable by his landlord in ordinary tenants. The notice for reservation to the following manner: such tenants was to be given on or before 31st December, 1958. An application for actual (a) a landlord owning and cultivating possession was to be made to the tehsildar on or personally less than 1/3rd of family before 31st March, 1959. Thus all tenants hold holding can resume entire area leased; their 1aJ:].ds on permanent and heritable basis. (A family holding varies from 7 .to 40 acres); . As stated earlier" the Hyderabad Tenancy in other cases, a landlord can resume Act, provides for both/ voluntary and compulsory land upto 3 family holdings after leaving right of purchase by tenants. The provisions for half the leased land with the tenant; xlix (c) a landlord holding land up to a family him. Ordin~ry tenants have an optional right of holding can resume the entire holding if purchase upto 3 family holdings subject to the the tenancy was created on Qr after condition that landlord is left with one family April 1, J.9~7 and was terminable but for holding. A provision was also made for the Vidharbha Ordinance. transfer of ownership to tenants with effect from 1st April, 1961 in respect of.. lands which the A landlord could resume the land within a tenants were entitled to purchase.- period of 2 years of the commencement of the Act i.e., by 31.12;1960: In case of (c) above, how A provision has been made ,in all the re$ions ever, the applitation for possession of the land of Maharashtra that surrenders made by tenants was to be made' before 31.3.1959.' He was also shall not be'valid unless these are in writing- and to,give one year's notice to the tenant at any time verified before the Revenue authorities. The land within the said period of two years. lord shall be entitled to take the possession of the surrendered land only upto the ceiling limit and An occupancy tenant has an optIonal right of the excess land shall vest in the Government. purchase of ownership in respect of land held by MYSORE Abolition of Intermediaries possession) so as to make up his holding up to the above limit. Former Mysore area Kadim tenants? perma~nt tenants, and quasi permanent tenants· (where their lands are not The intermediary tenures in former Mysore allotte such inams have vested in the ~tate. The inamdars' Legislation has also + been prombted for. the retained the entire areas held" by them under their abolition of village service inams herd. by personal cpltivation ac; well as the lands held by Shambhogs, Patels, Thotis, TaJaris and Nirgantis. their ordinary tenants. lf the land so retained by These were hereditary tenures. -For the the inamdar 'was le~s than 2-1/2 acres of garden performance of their services, inaI!1&~rs were land or 5 :;.cres of )Vet -land or 10 acres of dry remunerated by way of fixed- grants in cash or land, he was entitled to resume the land from kind. In some cases, lands were also granted.·..on quasi-permanent tenants also (tenants with 6 years which land-revenue. WflS assigned...... 1 · Former Coorg area cultivation. If the "tenant held 10 acres or· less the landlord could resume half of the area. If Privileged tenures which are of an inter he cultivated more than 10 acres the landlord mediary nature, comprise about 57% of the total could resume 50% to 70% of the area: The area of Coorg. On these tenures, land revejlue tenants do not have a right of purchase of owner has been wholly or partly assigried or relea$ed. ship. Privileged tenures include jama (held on payment of half assessment with restricted right of Former Bombay area transfer), jagir (assignment of rev~nue), unrbli (grants to brahmins free of assessment for purposes The Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Land of certain religious services) and grants to Act,1948 is applicable to this area. Its provisions religious institutions and village services inams. have been stated earlier. In jagirs, tenants have a customary right of Former Hyderabad (Karnataka) area occupancy and' pay assessment only. Whcr~, however, a jagirdar owned the land comprised In the jagir under the jama or sagu tenure at the The Hyderabad Tenancy and Agricultural time of the grant, or acquired these rights sab Land Act, whose provisions have been stated sequently, the tenants are ,tenants-at-will. 'fhe earlier, is applicable to this area. As stated ear tenancies under other privileged tenures are a1so \ie1, tr..-e hu pltlViDe'!; 1tfl 'Dptiwia\ l1tt-o UIlTlJfUYI;tnJ' unregulated. right of ownership. Provisions for compulsgry transfer of ownership to protected tenants were However, under the Coorg Tenants Act, 1957, enforced in Yadgir taluk of Gulbarga district by ejectment of tenants has been stayed and- m:;lxi· - the former· Hyderabad Government. mum rent has been fixed ·at one-third of the grosS produce. Former Madras area Abolition of these intermediary tenures has The Madras Cultivating Tenants Protection yet to be catried out. Act which provides for interim protection is applicable to this area. Its provisions have been Former Bombay, Hyderabad and Madras areas ( described earlier. In these at:eas, the position regarding aboli tion of intermediaries is explaineq in the notes of Former Coorg area Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Madras States. _Land Tenure and :fenancy Reforms In this area the Jen~ncies were' entirely unregulated. The tenants do not have a right of Owned or held from Government 'purchase of ownership. Persons with whom the State settles the Ignd There is a wide diversity of tenancy laws are called occupants in the former, Mysore :;lnd prevailing in various parts of the State. Pending Bombay areas, registered pattedars in KarnaUlka the enforcement of the Mysore Land Reforms Act, area-and ryots in Madra~ area. They have full interim measures have been enacted for all the areas ownership rights on permanent, heritable :;lnd to maintain the status-quo. The provisions in the 'transferable basis. various laws regarding ejectment of tenants in exercise of the landlord's right of resumption and Held from private persons or institutions purchase 9f ownership by tenants have been stayed (except in Hyderabad where the tenant's rigbt of Former Mysore area purchase continues). In former Mysore area, the The rights of tenants are regulated under the term of tenancies has been extended from time to Mysore Tenancy Act, 1952. The Act provided time. In Coorg ejectments have been stayed. temporary protection for tenants for five _ye~rs. Tenants in continuous possession for 12 years In addition, provision has been made for regu prior to 1951 were given security of tenure subject lation of surrenders. Surrender of land by a tenant to the landlord's right of resumption for personal will not be valid unless it is made in writing and li admitted by him and is mad~ in good faith to the Madras area 40% to 33-1/3% of satisfaction of the revenue authorities. In Bombay, the produce accord Hyderabad a,nd 'Madras areas where law provides ing to class of )and for the right of resumption (or the landlor~ upto and mode of a limited area, the landlord. shall be entItled to irrigation take possession of the surrend~red land only to. ~he extent of his·right of resumptIOn. The remammg land will be taken over under State management. In Hyderabad area 1/4t4 to 1/5th of the areas of Mysore and 'Coorg where comprehensive gros~ produce or 3 tenancy legislation has not been ena~ted and to 5 times the land provision for landlord's right of resumption upto revenue, whichever is a limited area has not been made, the State less Gov,ernment will assume management of the entire surrendered land on payment of a sum The Mysore Land Reforms Act, 1961 which equal to the annual reI_lt to the lan~ow~er as com applies to the entire Mysore State, provides for pensation. Arrangement for ~ultt.v~tlOn of such comprehensive provisions relating to security of hind will be made by leasmg It 10 an order of tenure for tenants and for bringing the priority which has been laid down in the Act. tenants into direct relationship with the State. A land-holder can resume land for personal culti Rent vation upto 3 family holdings subject to the condi Mysore area (prior to 1/3rd of the gross tion that tenant is left with half the 'nrea Jeased. re-organisation) produce in Maidan In respect of non-resumable area, the tenant gets area and 1/4th in right to acquire ownership on payment of purchase Malnad area price specified in the Act. A protected tenant, i.e., a tenan.t in continuous possession for 12 years, is Bombay area 1/6th of the gross entitled to be left with the minimum area of 1 produce or 3 to 5 standard acre or 8 ordinary acres. Permanent times the' land tenant (Mulgemidar) is not subject to land revenue whichever is lord's right of resumption. The rent is not ·to less exceed 1/4th or 1/5th of the produce depending Coorg area 1/3rd 'Of the gross upon the class of land. produce ORISSA Abolition of Intermediaries sometimes numbered quite as many as six or seven between the State and the actual tiller of the soil. There was a wide diversity of tenures in Tenancies in this area were regulated under the several component parts of Orissa. The following Orissa Tenancy Act, 1913. were various types' of intermediary tenures: 2. Permanently settled estates 1. Temporarily settled area These were in Ganjatn and Koraput districts These were in the three. coastal districts of of the State. In this ex-Madras area the system" Cuttack, Puri and Balasore. The tenuJ,:e system was simpler than in the temporarily settled are;(, was very complex. Besides proprietary estates held About 1/5th of the area was ryotwari and abt>ut by proprietors, sub-proprietors e~c" there were 4/5th lay under big zamindaris and the fea!uje of number of tenure-holders and under-tenure-holders land tenure presented the relic of the JYladras of var:ious classes. The intermediary interests system. Besides proprietary estates, thei'~ were lit' inam estates. There were major as well as minor. cultivation. They were also allowed to retain the These were again classified as enfranchised, i.e., lands leased out temporarily which were less' than having alienable'rights, and un-franchised having 33 acres in'total extent. The principal tenants of no alienable rights. The en-franchised inams were the intermediaries such as occupancy and' non assessed to quit-rent which- was recognised -at the occupancy raiyats etc., also came into direct time of inam settlement. The en-franchised irtams relationship with the State but otherwise held their were mostly rent free tenures and were settled with lands on the same term,s and conditions ~as under some nominal rent. The tenancies in the perma the intermediaries. They also continue tb pay the nently settled areas were regulated under the existing rates of rent to the State. Under-raiyats, Madras Estates Land Act, 1908. tenants of private lands and temporary lessees up to 33 acres do not come into direct relationship< Besides Ganjam,..,and Koraput districts, there .with the State. Their rights are regulated under were some permanently settled estates, some of tenancy legislation. The A~t also provided for them being quite small in size and revenue, in the the settlement of personal jagirs in estates with coastal districts of Cuttack, Pufi and Balasore the jagirdars on raiyoti basis. which were regulated by the Permanent Settleme.nt Regulation of Bengal and Cut tack Settlement _Land Tenure and TenancfReforms Regulation (Regulation XII) of 1805. Owned or held from Government 3. 'Intermediary interests in district Sambalpur and ex-C. P. area After abolition of intermediaries, the rights of persons who cottle into direct relationship with Besides proprietors, sub-proprietors and - the State remain unaffected. These are; (i) 'occu tenure-holders 'whs:> Kad proprietary rights under pancy raiyats; (ii) non-occupancy raiyats ; zamindari and malguzari_ tenures, the gauntias of (iii) temporary lessees; and (iv) s'ervice tenure Sambalpur also had proprietary rights in respect of holders. blrogra or sir lands in their pessession. Thus in th!t Sambalpur district there was altogether a (i) Occupancy raiyats An occupancy different, systelll 'of tenure, where there was an' raiyat has permanent, heritable and inter-mixture of zamindari and gontiai· systems. transferable rights in land. C. P. Tenancy Act applied to this are~. (ii) Non-occupancy t:aiyats: He has no rjght 4. Intermediary interests in merged States, of occupancy. He is liable to ejectment Districts on the expiry of term of lease. About i area of Orissa came to the integrated fro)11 the Ruler States in the year 1948-49. The (iii) Temporary lessees: Tney hold their lan~s under the State on temporary land system in the merged States was simple except basls., for a number of privileged tenure-holders such as brahmottar, dehottar, khanja, ~harposdars. - In most·of the merged States, laws were \1ot coqified (iv) Service tenure-h?_lders: l;'hey hold their and only practices and customs prevailed. lands on perman_!lnt and heritable basis. When, however, the holder of a service The rights of all intermediaries have been tenure ceases'to perform the service, he acquired unde~ the, Orissa Estates Abolition Act, shall, on payment of the prescribed rentf 1951. It receIved the assent of the President Oll' hol~ his land as an occupancy raiyat. 23rd January, 1952. Superior rights in perma nently settled and temporarily settled zamindari Held from private persons or institutions estates have been taken over. Abolition of. under tenures, revenue-free estates and inams etc., is in These..are under raiyats, temporary lessees of progress. intermediaries, (where the. intermediary held less than 33 acres), tenants of service tenure hold~rs Under the Act the intermediaries were allowed and t~ants of inamdars of inams which were not to retain their lands in their "khas possession" declared 'estates in the ex-Madras permanently (home-farms) arid lands under their person~l -settled areas of Ganjam and Koraput districts. lili The rights of these under-raiyats ,and tenants person belon~ing to a scheduled tribe or a transfer are regulated by the Orissa Tenants Relief Act, is made with the previous permission of the 1955 under which ejectment of tenants has been revenue authorities. temporarily stayed. The landlords holdin& less than 33 acres were permitted to resume for personal The persons holding under the raiyats shall cultivation an area upto 7 acres of wet land be called tenants. These will mostly be or 14 acres of dry land. The p~riod of resump bhagchasis (crop-sharers). TeJ;l.ants will have fixity tion is expired, - as the landlord was required to of tenure subject to the landlord's right to resume select the land he wanted to- resume before- land on grounds '6f personal cultivation. The re 15th June,1955 and actually resum~ it before sumption limit is 25 standard acres (100 ordinary 31st March, 1956. There is no right of purchase acres). A landlord who holds more than 15 standard for:tehants or under-raiyats. acres for personal cultivation may resume ,2/3rd of the area leased to tenanfs. If he holds 15 The Orissa Land Reforms Act which has been standard aCres or less, he may resume 3/4thof brought' on the statute provides for comprehensive the leased area. A landlord is required to give tenancy reforms. The Act has, however, not been notice of resumptipn to the tenant within three enforced. months from the date to be prescribed. There is no time limit for resumption. With effect from Under the Act the persons holding under the the date of commencement of the year next State shall be called raiyats. An under-raiyat or following the date on which the lands, held by a sub-tenant shall also he called raiyat and shall tenant are declared non-resumable, the tenant hold his land directly under the State with effect shall be deemed to be a raiyat in respect of such from the commencement of the Act on payment lands without any payment of compensation and of ,compensation. The' rights of a raiyat shall be come into direct relationship with the State. permanent, heritable and transferable. He shall, however, have no right of lease except where he Rent holds his rights. as a privileged raiyat. The privileged raiyat is one who holds the land as According to the Orissa Land Reforms Act, public, religious or charitable institution or holds rent is not to exceed 1/4th of the gross produce or less than a basic holding (5 standard ,acres). A value thereof except in cases where the landlord transfer by a raiyat belonging to a scheduled tribe meets tpe whole pr any part of cost of cUltivation. shall not be valid except where it is.in favour· of a In latter case, tHe r~nt is contractual •. PUNJAB Abolition of Intermediaries (inferiot holders) and occupancy tenants have been made owners of their lands. Though Mahalwari system was introduced both in Madbya Pradesh aIfd Punjab, in Madhya Land Tenure and Tenancy Reforms Pradesh the malguzars acquired proprietary rights and the Mahalwari Settlement became more akin Owned or held from Government to zamindari system. In Punjab, on the other They are called land-holders. and their rights hand, no intermediaries were superimposed between are regulated under tbe Punjab Land Revenue Act... the land-holder and the state and the share The Act confers. ownership right on land-holpers of Ianel-holder in the land revenue could be on permanent, heritabl~ and transferable basis. distinguished and recovered separately. there were, however, small intermediary tenures of Held from private persons or institu~ions ala maliks (superior holders) and jagirs. In both the Punjab and Pepsu areas, such intermediary The tenants holaing under land9wners were tenures have been abolished and adna maliks (i) occup~ncy tenants; (ii) ordinary tetl.ants. ·(i) Occupancy tenants: In both Punjab and Former Pepsu area Pepsti areas, occupancy tenants were Tenants in continuous possession of land for conferred ownership rights in resI>ect off 12 years at the commencement of the President's lands held by them on paym~nt 0 1er Act (3rd December, 1953) have been given compensation to land-owners unc the complete security of tenure in an area not exceed Punjab and Pepsu Occupancy fenants ing 15 standard acres. Other tenants have security (Vesting of Proprietary Rights) Ad, 1951. of tenure subject to the land-owner's right to _res~me an area up to 30 standard acres (or 80 (ii) Ordinary tenants : ordmary acres) and in case of displaced persons 4~ standard acres (or 100 ordinary acres). .They Former Punjab area WIll, however, be entitled to retain upto five Tenants have been given security of standard acres until an alternative area of equal tenure subject to the land-owner's rightd to value is allotted by the State Government. n resume land not exceeding 30 stil ar.d It is not necessary that the owner must culti. acres (60 ordinary acres). A displaced o~ner IS vate the resumed land personally. He'is permitted permitted to resume 50 standard acres (l~O On to settle a new tenant on the resumed land. A ordinary acres'. The rig,ht of resumt>ti IS, tt"~'lant.1rlmittt\.'L :n1 ~lttnr,,- 'Wnl 1.l'd1fb '1:L -ninimlunl hoy/ever, subject to the condition that the tfenant term of three years. " shall not be ejected from a minimum atea 0 ~ve standard acres until he is provided an altt7rnatlve In both Punjab and Pepsu areas, land owners land by the State Government. Large landDwners were required to reserve lands they wanted to (persons owning more than 30 standard acres anci" resume within a prescribed period. No period in case of displaced persons 50 standard acres) can has, however, been prescribed during which the resume land upto the permissible limit for personal owners ~ust actually resume land or apply for cultivation only. Small land owners, may, how resumptIOn. ever, after resumption, either cultivate tb~ land . In Pepsu area, t~nants have been given an personally or .lease it to other tenants. optIOnal fIght to acqUIre ownership of the non A tenant in continuous possession of lI~nd ~or resumable area on payment of compensation equal to 9Q times the land revenue, or two hundred six years has an optional right to jlcqu~re ownership of the non-resumable area. The pflce rupees per acre whichever is less. the price shall shall be 3/4th of the average market value frevai_l. be payable in annual instalments riot exceeding six. ing during t~e previous. 10 years an_d is pay~ble III Rent six-monthly mstaJments not exceedmg ten. '{he Act was enforced on 15-4-1953 ; the period of siX yea~s In both Purijab and Pepsu areas, the rent is bas been completed by all tenants who vlere III not to exceed 1/3rd of the gross produce or value occupation orland at the commencement oftfle Act. thereof. RAJASTHAN Abolition pC Intermediaries as a mark of personal favour of the Ruler. The jagirdar was responsible for the payment of tribute Former Rajas1han area to the Government and to render such services as might be required by the Ruler of the State. The Jagirdari system prevailed over nearly 59 per jagirdars .had all the proprietary rights of owner cent of the total area of the State. A jagii was a ship in land. Till 1949, with the exception of grant in land consisting of a whole viHage or the Jaipur and Jodhpur States, the tenants of the vi1Iag~s or part of a village generally in recog }agirdars. were practically tenants-at-will and theil nition of ~ervice of a political or civil natllre or rents were not regulated at all. An Ordinance Iv was promulgated in 1949 to provide fot security been abolished under the Ajmer Abolition ofInter of tenure to tenants and summary reinstatement mediaries and Land Reforms Act, 1954 and all of those who had been ejected or dispossessed~ jagirs have been resumed. Intermediaries have In 1952, the maximum rep.t payable by the tenants been settled with their khudkasht lands which were was also reduced to 1/6th of the produce. under their personal cultivation. Provision was -also made . for allotment of khudkasht by the The Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption Government up to 50 standard acres. All principal of Jagirs Act, 1952 was brought into force with tenants other than tenants of khudkasht were also effect (rom February 18, 1952. The Act provides brought into direct relationship with the State, for the resumption of all' jagir lands and makes in respect of lands in their personal cultivation or them liable to full assessment. The actual process in the personal cultivation of sub-tenants for It!ss of resumption of jagirs could not be started till than 3 years. Sub-tenants holding for more than 1954 because of stay orders secured by certain 3 years were also brought into direct relationship jagirdars from the Rajasthan High Court. The with the State. The tenants who have come into present position with regard to resumption direct relationship with the State have now been of jagirs is that all jagirs, whether settled or declared khatedar tenants.. unsettled (other than religious jagirs), whatever their income, were resumed by 1.7.1958. The total Jagirs in the Abu area whfch was transferred number of jagirs resumed was 2,32,618 with an to Rajasthan had already been abolished under annual rental income of Rs. 4 crores. Religious the Bombay Merged Territories and Areas (Jagirs jagirs were also resumed oy 1963. Under the Abolition) Act, 1953 and those in Sunel area, Act, Khatedari rights (permanent, heritable and under the Madhya Bharat Abolition of Jagirs transferable rignts) accrued to jagirdars iIr-respect Act, 1951. of their entire khudkasht lands as well as other lands. which were under their personal cultivation Land Tenul;e and Tenancy Reforms continuously for 5 years prior to 1948-49 but had been leased subsequently. Provision was also Owned or' held from Government made for the allotment of khudkasht subject to a ceiling of 500 acres includjng the l&nd already held These are: (1) Khatedar tenants; Oi) Gair by them. All the principal tenants of the jagirdars khatedar tenants; (iii) Grantees on favourable other than tenants of khudkasht were declared rates of rent and (iv) Village service grantees. khatedar tenants. The rights of tenants of Their rights are regulated under the Rajasthan khudkasht and' sub-tenants are regulated under the Tenancy Act, 19,55. Tenancy Legislation under wBich the provision has I recently been made to bririg theJll into direct (i) Khatedar tenants: All principal tenants relationship with the State. of intermediaries were genenilly declared khatedar tenants. The rights of a Apart from the jagirdari system, there was khatedar tenant are permanent, heri another class of intermediaries in Rajasthan table and transferable. The right of known as zamindars and biswedars. The zamindari .transfer is subject to, maximum and or biswedari system obtained in 4,867 villages of minimum limits on future acquisitions the State. The zamindars paid a fixed land-revenue prescribed, under the Act. A simple to the State. However, the rents payable 'by their mortgage is allowed only in favour of tenants were not regulated nor had they any State Government, the Land Mortgage security of tenure. In order to abolish zamindari Bank or Co-operative Society for the and biswedari, the RajasthaIl( Zamindari and purpose of obtaining loans from such'· Biswedari Abolition Act, 1959 was brought into bodies. As regards leasing, a khatedar force from 1st November, 1959 and all zamindari tenant cannot lease his holding at iny and biswedari estates, whether settled or unsettled, time for a period of more than five/years. have been abolished throughout Rajasthan. A khatedar tenant, who is a member of Fonner Ajmer area Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled t.Tribe is not entitled to transfer or lease his land Jagir.dari and istinarari fenures obtained in to any person who is not a member of certain parts of former Ajmer area. These Have Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe. lvi (ii) Gairkhatedar tenants: Khatedari rights are called sub-tenants or· tenants of khudkaSht. do not accrue to a tenant who holds These tenants ha~l. fixYty of tenure subject to the land in Gang Canal, Bhakra, Cbambal landlord's right of resumption. The landlord was or Jawai project areas. Such tenants entitled to resume upto 30 acres of irrigated or are caUeA gairkhatedar tenants. Tenants 90 acres of un irrigated land subject to the condition ·in pasture land, lan4 covere UTTAR PRADESH Abolition of Intermediaries men't of r~nt to the superio.r proprietor. They.also enjoyed the same rights as a proprietor ana the Temporarily settled zamindaris obtained in relations between them and their agricultural most parts of the State. At the top there was tenants were governed by the tenancy law then in superior proprietor, commonly known as zamindar. force. In J 939, by the time Uttar Rradesh Tenancy Next to the zamindat there 'were varied inferior Act, 1939 came into force, permanent, heritable proprietors known as under-proprietors, sub and also in many cases, transferable rights were proprietors; marahtdars etc., subject to the pay- enjoyed not only by occupancy, el(-proprietary !_l.nd {vii Land Tenure and Tenancy Reforms fh.ed.-i"lite-tenalits, a re~tricted fixity of tenure had to tltiit-dccupahcy tenants beed eiierld6d eve~ and O\tned tJr htbl front (luvernment tenants of Sir lt1fias. , Arter abolition of intermeoiaries under the The zaI1'lindar! system wAl> (tbolishe~" in , about Uttar PrEldesh iamindari Abolition and Land 96.8 per. ce~t o,r th~ total land holdtngs 111 the Reforms Act, 19,52 the following qitegories of State with Itffeet from 1st July, 1952 under the persons hold their lands dirt:c~J,Y under the State: Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land viz., (i) Bhumidhars; and (ii) Sirdar. Reforms A.et, 1950. til :khl1riiidha~\: ,Arter abolition, t,M (ollowing cate~orie~ of pc!tsons .h~ve ~een declared The remaining small a.rea of 3.2% ~f t?~ bhutiIidliars iIi fe~pect of Iafttis in their bolding area in the State, where the zammdan i>ersomU cultivation: (1) lnterirtediaries in system pould n.ot be abolished on July 1, 1952; respect Of lahds untier th~it personal comprised of (1) the urban areas, (2) t~e J;>~rgana <;ultivatidn, ahd, groves; (ji) fixed-rate \ of Jaunsar Bawar in \he Dehra Db~ ,dlstnct ang tenantS bt retit frt'e grant~es; (iii) occu (3) tp.e hill pattis of KJ~m~un an~ Uttarak.h_a';ld pancy t~naiits, hereditary tenants, a Divisions. Owing to pecuhar tenunal condl~lons tenant on _ pathi dawami 6£ istamrari, l"revailing in these small areas and the absence of possessing the right to transfer the holding uQ-~o-date r~cord of ri~ts, the Act could not ~e by sale, A bhumidhar has perrriafIet1t, heri made applicable to these areas. Necessary legis table and transferable rights in his lations for abolition of intermediaries in these areas fiolding. He is not liable to ejectment liave since ,been frained and their implementation on any ground. When a bhumidhar~dies is in progress following deroarcatiqn of agricultural his interest shall devolve in accordap.cc areas in the urban areas a~d yomp'letion of iurvcy with the order of succession prescr~bed e.hd settlement operations in hill areas. under tIi~ Act and not in 'accordance with th'e' ¢rsonallaw~ The right of transfer is limited by the tttaximum and minimum By abolition of zamindaris, ll1;~\t~plicity of limits on future requisitions prescribed tt!nlltes lias been done away .with., p~aer _the !,:~t, under the ,Act. Mortgage by which _th'eTe are two principal kinds of tenures noV!, ~u:., possessiqn 9r l!ltlu is trt\Ds~erl:ed .t!J ):h~ '15huroidbars and sird'ars, in place of some forty mOJtgagee 1s tipt all~wed. A bhuniidhar tenures which existed before. Thery is a third, caimotlease DIS land at al\ exctpt \Vhert but'll. very minor cate~ory .of tenure holders called he ,suffers (F?m a physical. or . tnerttal asamiS. disability. A bhumidhar can 't}~~ his HUld for any purpose whatsoever. The ex-zamindl;lrs and their principal temints (ii) Sirdars: All principal tenants of t:x who held transferable rights bave been dechlred zamindars, who had no right of transfer, bhumidhars in resPePt of ohly those laUds which were and suo-'ten'anrs 'dth~i: lh~ul tenants of. actuaIiy uh&t their perscnal cultivation. Grove disab'lea persons, have oeeD. deciaretl holders werb arso declared bhumidhars. Bhumi'dhaI) sirdars in respect of lands i" tl1t:ir tehur~ covers nearly li3rd atdl. of the State. per~onal cultiyation without any payment and have tJe'eti tirought ibto direct All principa-l tenants <;>f th,e zamindars who had relationship with the State. The land any no ri~ht 'of transfer and all sub-tenants other than lords were not given right ""('If tenants of disabled persons have been declared resumption. ~ sirdar has perl1).anent sirdars .-in respect of all lands in their actual au'c\ heritablefnterest in his holding. He possession witbput any paym~nt and brought into ,doe~, r;qt ha~~ a right !O b~_qg~t~ his direct relationship with the State. 'They, however, holdmg by, will. When lie dIes 'filS lUte continue to pay their existing rent5 to the State. rest shall devtllve to his succe~sdr in \fie About 15 lakh sub-tenants and tenants of same manner in which the inter-esis '(jf a sir holding about 20 lakh acres have been bhumldl1ar do. fIe does not have a 1'l~t brought into direct relationship with the State. of iransfe'r. He can use his land, 'ifh1y 'lviii for purposes connected with agriculture, introduction of the Briti&h r:ule. The holder~ of horticulture and animal husbandry! He this right have derived their title, ,either (i) from is liable to ejectment if he transfers 'his being found as the actual original cultivlltors of the land or uses his land for the purposes SOil, or eii) from grants of villages made 'over the other' than those for which it is heads of the cultivators in pre-British times, or prescribed. He does not have a right of (iii) by usurpation or the rights of, and an assump lease except where he is suffering from tion o~ proprietary title over the Mads of, the a disability. He continues to pay the poorer and more ignorant classes of cultivators' in same rent to the Government which he the primitive period of British rule, or (iv) by paid to his landlord. A sirdar has an clearing and cultivation of waste, forest land and optional right to acquire bhumidhari rights nayabad grants, or (v) by purchase of land from in his holding at' any time by paying a others. sum .-equal to 10 times the rent, at The khaikari tenure forms the central crux of hereditary rates, if paid in lumpsum and the Kumaun system of land tenures. A khaikar is 12 times if paid in .four annual instal im under-proprietor in villages held entirely by ments. On making this payment his land khaikars (known as pukka khaikar), and an revenue is reduced to half. occupancy' tenant (known as kachcha khaikar) in mixed type of villages where some of the land is Held from priTate persons or institutions held as khudkasht by the hissedars. A pukka khai kar can alienate his khaikari right with the consent of the hissedar concerned. Asamis : Asamis are those who hold land for cultivation from disabled bhumidhars or sirdars or .... The sirtan or tenant-at-will forms the third of those who hold pasture land or land covered by the Kumaun trinity of agriculturists. He holds water or situated in the bed of a river or tract of under an agreement sometimes written and some shifting cultivation or land held from Gaon Sabhas. times verbal. He has no title to any permanency The rights of \ an asami are heritable -but not orl privileges. 'Permanent or transferable. " 'Legislation has been promoted for the aboli . In Uttar Pradesh the iands cultivated through tion of zamindari system in Kumaun and Uttara 'sahjis i.e., partners in cultivation are treated as khand Divisions. It has, however, not been lands under personal cultivation of owners. Sahjis enforced pending the completion of survey and are not regarded as tenants: 'It is reported that a settlement operations in these area~. Under the considerable area is cultivated by the owners legislation a hissedar or khaikar shall be settled 'through iahjis. with the land ~eld by him as bhumidhar thereof A sirtan shall be called an asami. Provision has Rent also been made to confer bhumidhari rights on asamis in respect of lands held by them on payment Cash rent payable by asamis is not to exceed of purchase price equal to 25 times the rent. twice the het:editary rent. Produce rent is not The U.P. Zamindari Abolition Act, 1950, which regulated. applies to ,rural areas in the plains of U. P. State, is applicable to KashipUl; tehsil of Naini Tal district LAND TENU"JmS IN HILL AREAS OF also. Hence, maurusidars in tehsil Kashipur are treated as bhumidhars and pucca Khaikars as UTT AR PRADESH sirdars. All land in the Tarai (Kichha tehsil of Naini Tal district) and Bhabar (Haldwani tehsil of' (Kumaun and Uttarakhand Divisions) Naini Tal district and Kotdwara'urban and Lands downe tehsil of Oarhwal "district) areas is Govern Excepting certain Tarai portions of hill areas, ment Estate and the landholders (maurusidars and the system of land tenure in Kumaun and Uttara bhumidhars) are merely lessees ofGovernment, as khand Divisions is similar to the zamindari system neither the rural nor the urban Zamindari Abolition in the plains. The zamindars in the hills are Acts have so far been made applicable to these known as hissedars. The ~ssedari ri~ht is an areas. WEST BENGAL Abolition of Intermediaries the purposes of this Act, bargadars were not treated as tenants and the lands cultivated by them were Permanently settled zamindaris were created deemed to be under the personal cultivation of· over most of the areas of West Bengal under the their landlords). The rights of the bargadars are; Permanent Settlement Regulation of 1802. Besides, now ~ regulat~d under the West Bengal Land, there were some intermediate tenure holders' in Reforms Act, 1955. Khas Mahal lands (Govt. owned estates). The conferment of prdprietary rights upon the inter The surplus land to be acquired by the State mediaries reduced the raiyats to the position of' Government which was 'in excess of 25 acres is tenants-at-will. Subsequently, the -rights of the estimated at about 4 lakh acres. 1.41 lakh acres raiyats were regulated by a long series of tenancy . of agricultural~ land were taken possession of by laws, the net effect of ~hich was that the raiyats . the Government upto 1961. possessed substantially the same ,fights in 'their holdings as raiyats holding land direct from Govern The surplus lands are being licensed out oli ment in Govt. estates and these again were practically a year to year basis with bonafide cultivators. identical with all those raiyats holding direct from For the purpose of utilisation of surplus lands, a the Government under the raiyatwari settlement Land Utilisation Board has been set up. The in other States. The incidence of rent payable by surplus land will be finally settled in accordance the raiyats also compared in general fav,ourably with the provisions of West Bengal Land Reforms with the extent of ·land revenue payable to Govern Act, 1955. ment by raiyats in ryotwari areas. However, under the Bengal Tenancy Act, 188?, as..... amended from Certain areas were transferred from Bihar td time to time, while the raiyats had acquired perma West Bengal as a result 'of the re-organisation of nent, heritable and transferable rights of occupancy, Stat~s, namely, portions of Purulia sub-division the vast classes of under-raiyats, (except where from Manbhum district and portions of Kishanganj they had also acquired occupancy rights), remained sub-division from Purnea district. Before transfer; unprotected. Further,. persons who cultivated on the Bihar Government had abolished some estate~ crop-sharing basis (called Bargadars) were not under the Bihar Land Reforms Act. The remai treated as tenants at all and their relations with ning estates and tenures were abolished by the the landlord were purely contractural. West Bengal Government with effect from April 14, 1964_ The West Bengal Estates Acquisition Act, 1953, provides for the abolition of intermediaries. Land Tenure and Tenancy Legislature' It .received the assent of the President on 12th February, 1954. Under the Act~ all intermediary Owned or held from Government interests in land were acquired on 14th April, 1955. The intermediaries were allowed to retain agri Under West Bengal Estate Acquisition Act; all cultural lands in their "khas possession" up to 25 raiyats and under-raiyats of zamindars, whether acres. For the purposes of the Act, all raiyats and/ occupancy or non-occupancy, have come ,into di}ect under-raiyats were also treated as intermediaries relationship with the State in respect of landl) . in and all lands subleted by them or held. above a their personal cultivation or -cultivated thPOugh ceiling of 25 acres also vested in the Government bargadars, upto an extent of 25 acres. They are on 14th April, 19:56. Thus all the raiyats and called raiyats and their r:ights are regulat:¢'d under under1raiyats who ,-,,:ere holding their lands under the West Bengal Land Reforms Act, -1.855. The the intermediaries are now holding the same directly interests of a raiyat in his land are permanent, under the State as raiyats up to a ceiling of 25 acres. heritable and transferable. He is liable to eject These lands were either cultivated personally by ment if he uses his. land for purposes other than them or were cultivated through bargadars. (For agriculture or does' not cultivate it personally for three consecutive years or more, or he lets it out regulated under the West Bengal Land Reforms to a person ot~er than II. bargadai (crop-sharer). Act, 1955. A bargadar has security of tenure A mortgage by II. raiyat other than a simple subject to landlord's right of resumption for mortgage or a usufructuary mortgage for a period personal cultivation. The landowner is entitled not exceeding 15 years shall be void. The transfer to resume from the bargadars 2J3rd of the area qya raiyat belonging to a Scheduled Tribe shall owned including lands already held under personal be void except where it is made to a 'Rerson cultivation. An ownFf b,olding 7; .aeres or less Qci6nging to a 'Scheduled Tribe. A transfer to a can, however, resume the enbre area. The person not belonging to' II. Scheduled Tribe is bargadars are not giv~n riipt to acqqire 9\yJler permissible with the previous sanction of the ship. Revenue Officer. ReJli. Held from pril'a!e persons or institutions Where the l~ndown~r Itupplies plough, c!ittJe, The persons who hold under the raiyats are manure and seeds h~ sh~]) get halt th~ produce fis ealled bargadars (crop-sharers). They are, however, rent. In othtr Fases, the rlmt payable by a not treated as tenants., The rights of bargadars are bargadar shall not exceed 40% of the prodpce. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS Land for the ~:mlti~ation of annual crops such The Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Land as paddy, sugar-cane, turmarie etc. is granted under Tenure) Regulation, 1926 is applicable in whole of nOl1·occupancy .rights and those who have cultiv Andaman and Nicobar Islands. But the provisions ~ted 'the 'land ~y 'holding' cbp'tinuousiy' for a period of the said Regulation are not actually used' for ?f.5 y$!~rS are gr:Jnted th~ (rjg~t of o,ccupancy in administrative purposes in the Nicobar Islands. reSPtct of such hol~ing., Both occupancy and No land records have been prepared in respect of npn"octupancy rights are regulated by the provi Nioobar group of Islands as no revenue survey has ,Ions OJ tpe &daman and Nicobar Islands (Land been undertaken so far. No land revenue is also t'enures) Regulatipn, J926. being recovered from the Nicobar Islands. At present the Nicobarese enjoy customary rights in Both occupancy and non-occupancy rights are respect of the land 'in their occupation under the inheritable. Owners of occupancy lands can trans system known as 'Panamre'. fer their lands by sale, mortgage, gift or in any other m'}nner with the permission of the Revenue The Regulation does not regulate the relation authorities under section 12 of the Regulation. ship lletween the land holders and their sub-tenants. Non-occupancy tenant has no ri¥ht to transfer as It only regulates the rights of land holders directly ,in the case of occupancy tenant. <-The land of under Governmeut and a land holder can sub-let gccup~cy tenant ~an be acquired under the Land th~ holding without the permission of the Revenue .t\PHuis~tion Apt if the lam) is nyeded' for public authority. PJIrpos!?s. In case of non-occupancy tenant the !~4 ~an be resumed by the Governrnent after giYi~g one year's notiCC(. DELHI Ownf~ flf ~~ld from GpTf'!rqw~nt is not tq p~ l~~ than fiv~ :v~ar~: A bl1umid}1ar is liabl~ to ej~!1~QleQt if he tTi'-p.sf~r~ pr l~!}s~s hi§ land Under thy Delhi L~nd R~forms Act, 1~54, in contr~vention of ths:: prOVl1Ji9nS of tpe 1\9t, or all tenants and sub-tenants, with or without a uses )ljs laqd for apy P!llllQ~~ qther timn pcmIlected right of occupancy, except t~nants of I;li~~blep with j!gripulture, bprHppll!Jr~ or ~:pim3l hp~Q.!lpdry. 'persons, have been declared bhumidhars and UptQ '1lP.~, l~~9, 17, H4~ t~nant~ iIDq sub-t~pants brought into . ~iryct relatiopship wjtli -~&e Stllie. were m3p.~ 1?nurp.jQhl!fS 'pf 2~,l>94 .~cJ~. The nindlords were not gcyen any right C?f resum ption for personal cultivatioq and' the la~dlords Held fff~1ll pfirllte p~rIj9P~ Pf i~~f!tp~ip.J1~ were decla~d bhtimidhars in respect bf the lands which were in their personal cultivation only. The Tenants hgldin.g J!pa~f prjy~te Rer§Qp.~ qr insti price payable by tenants and sub-tenants was fixed tutions are cl!ll~!i ,~~apli~_ Ttl~y ~r~ £,ither at rates varying from 4 to 40 times the land tenants p.f slisabled bhptn! HIMACllAL PRADESH Ab~litioD of I Intermediaries Held from pri'Yate persons or institutions Thet~ exist certain types of inams, muafis and_ These are: (i) Occupancy tenants; (ii) Non jagirs which are ye~ to ~ abolished. occupancy tenants; and (iii) Sub-tenants. La~ Tenure AlJd Ten~cy J.egisJIJfwn, (i) Occppancy tenants: Occupancy tenants Owned or beJd from GO'Yernment 'l?-av~ ~rrq.anent anQ heritable rights fit not a right 9f transfer. Their lahgs are Persons owning from Government are called not subj~.ct t9 ~andlord's ri~ht of r~ump landowpers. They hav-c got permanent, -heritable ~on ror'p~r~onal cpJ~~vatjo9-. Th~y have and transferable rights in land. a rigbt to purchase complete ownership. lxii (ii) Non-occupancy tenants and (iii) Sub-tenants: Government with effect from 26.1.1955, the Under the Himachal Pradesh Big Landed landowners retaining the lands in their Personal Estates Abolition Act, 1953, which came cultivation. The landowners were not given any right into force on 26.1.1955, the non-occu 'of resumption and all their tenants have come into pancy tenants have been given security of direct relationship with the State. The Govern tenures subject to the landlords' right of ment has also been empowered to bring all tenant resumption for personal cultivation. (including the tenants 'Of landowners paying ReSumption of land for personal cultiva Rs. 125/- or less as land reven'Ue) into direct tion is permitted only to such owners who relationship with the State on issue of notifications. hold land assessed to Rs. 125/- or less. The notifications have not yet been issued. The limit of resumption has been fixed at 5 acr~s and each tenant is entitled to 'A provision has been made' for an optional retain 3/4th of his tenancy'land. Land right of purchase to tenants in respect of the non lords were required to specify the resulll resumable area. The purchase price is fixed at 48 ,able land before 1st March, 1956 and times the land revenue and rates and cesses start '~jectment proceedings before 30th payable- in ten instalmen,ts spread over five September. 1956. No resumption could years. be made from tenants admitted after the tomtnencement of the Act except where Rent tlfe landowner' suffers from a disability" The rights of landowners whose annual reve The rent is not to exceed i of the gross nue assessment exceeded Rs. 125/- vested in the produce. MANlPUR Rigl1ts in land in valley area of Manipur are re tenants had no strpng rights over the land gulated ul?-der the ~ssam Land. ami R~ven~e Regu they cultivated as they could be ejected lation which was mtroduced In MaDlpur m 1951. by the land holder on failure of payment At present there are mainly four classes of rights of 'lousal' or on other grounds. Legisla over lafld: tion has now been introduced to safe guard the rights of the tenants. (i) Rayotwari lanp granted by the State ~hich confers on the owner permanent, hentable (iv)· lQlorpos lands which were granted by the and transferable rights. rulers of Manipur to individllals for servi ces of an uncommon character rendered (ii) 'Land granted on annualleas"e which con to the State or to the relatives of those fers on the owner only the right of culti rulers. These lands were formerly held vation during the year of lease. revenue-free but the:? have now been assessed to half the revenue payable for (iii) Land 'held :by the tenant under contract, oth~r lands. Although, tpese lands, are mostly from the ~patt:rdars of rayotwari supposed to revert to tlie Government land. The tenant who cultivates a 'pari' -after the death of t_he persons to whom (J;oughly 2.~ acres) of land pays to the land they were originally granted, they are in holder a "Lousal" (grain ,rent) of 12 practice inherited by the' heirs of these' "Pots" of paddy which is about 18 maunds persons on payment 9f full assessment. ,. of paddy. This grain fent comes roughly ~ l j, '.~ ~ f to one-fourth of the total .prod\1ce of a Rigllts ,over land in the hill ar'eaS' of l\;1anipui standard .'pari' of lands. Uqtil recently the are governed, not by legislation, ,but' Jby',triba:l: lxili customs which vary from tribe to tribe. Among 'originally held as settlement holders or as pattadars the Nagas, land is held under several ownership are now redesignated as landowners with perma and no alienation is permitted under the customary nent, heritable and transferable rights. The tenants law. Each village has a defined area within which hav,e' been granted security of tenure subject to the villagers enjoy rig):lts of fishing, hunting and of landlord's right of resumption for personal cultiva the practice of cultivation. Among the tribes tion. The maximum limit of resumption is 25 known collectively as'the Kukis, individual owner acres and the tenant is to be left with,a minimum ship of land is not recognised. The village laqd is area except where th<; holding does not exceed 2.5 regarded as the private property ·of the Chief and acres. Provision is also made for transfer of the men of the village hold land as his tenants-at ownership to tenants in respect of non-resuma,ble will. All lands are tax-free except the House Tax. areas. However, the provisions of the Act, relating In 1947, the Manipur State Hill 'People's Regula to right of resumption and purchase of ownership' tion (Administration) was enforced which to some by tenants, have not yet been enforced pending the extent dealt with the land problems in hill areas. completion of survey and settlement operations. But the same was declared ultra "ires by the then As regards future tenancies, they shall be for a Iudicial Commissioner of Manipur in 1961. minimum period of 5 years which ant renewable for Hence the Regulation is no longer in fq_rce. a further period of 5 years unless the landlord requires the land for persbnal cultivation. The rights of owners and tenants in Manipur are now regulated by a comprehensive legislation The rent payable by a tenant shall not exceed. called the Manipur Land Revenue and Land 1/4th or 1/5th of the gross produce. The Act Reforms Act, 1960. The Act is not applicable to prescribes the maximum cash rent at four times the hill areas of Manipur. Under the Act, the lands the land revenue. PONDICHERRY Union Territory of Pondicherry consists of For glVlOg protection to tenants against four units. Pondicherry and Karaikal are adjacent eviction and enhancement of rent, the Malabar to Madras State, Mahe is adjacent to present Tenancy Act as applicable to Gudalur taluk of Kerala State and Yanam to Andhra State. In Nilgiri district was extended to Mahe, with Isome order to prevent eviction of tenants by landlords in ,modifications, w. e. f. July, 1948. Karaikal, an interim order namely the Karailc_al Tenants Protection Orders, 1948 was promulgated In the rest of the areas, viz., Pondit:herry and by the G6vernment of India prohibiting eviction of Yanam, the tenancies are entirely un-regulated. tenants. This was 'followed by the issue of the / Karaikal Protection Order, 1960 with more elabo~ A comprehensive tenancy "legislation for rate provision~ for protecting the tenants. Pondicherry State is under activ.e consideration of the Government of India. TRIPURA lliterrttMiary tehurt:s in Tripuhl. w~tl:! Kayemi The'maximum rent p~yable by lui under-ralyat T!lut(perm~Iiently settled estates), Nishkar Mehana is 114th or 1/5th of the produce and in case ot (t6V!bite-free estlttes) and Dar Thluk (tenure cash rent, it is hot to exceed four times the land lit5ltletS)! tlte riglits_ df tli~ interfiie-dillries '(1C,Iere revenue. ' atk:Hislted W.~.f. 14tll April, 19'61 uM~r the Ttipura LMd RevenUe ktl'd Land RUonbs Act, 1960. The TM jhuiJiilJs doing s4i~ting ~u~tivation !h hills ifiU:rWtliAr~s ~e flllowM to atafn lands utider constrtH::t their hO-!hesteads (to!lgghat) AlS'O iP. r.~ls. tiicit ~sb1flll cultivation AS raiyats th~rebf. The These persons do not cOme *ltiiih the illltVlew of prinCtpltl ten'ab'tS of tlie it1!erHletliaries called Jote the Tripuni Lahd R:eveiiu~ anti Land Rel'dhns Mfte Atttled as raiyats, in r~spect of tll! lailds held Act" 1%0 as th¥ir possession ~Qes not, Cd~~ within 6Y-tlferu. TIre Jotes lloW hold thl:: land under the the theaning of a hOldihg under ~h~ Act. The Governttl~l1t bh Mme thb tl:'rink add c TABLE I Owned or held from the Govem Roytwari holders with right of permanent, -hed Holders of special alienated or other ~"ble and transferable possession including right non.ryotwari tenures to lease No. of No. of 'Legal house Logal house State/District Local names terminology llolds Local names ternHnoiogy holds 2 3 2 3 ANDHRA PRADESH STATE Grand Total 116829 99428, 4272 Patta Ryotwari 95835 rnam or Inam Inam tenure 3035 or Pitttadar pattadar dar orlnam (Generally or Patta bhurni ' with bhUlni service ..ttached) ManYBm 801 Bhukamandu or Manyam. d.r or Man yaku orMa Shilrmidar 1156 nyapu bhumi (Recogrllsod share-ho Ider) Nowkari 114 Kabja Ryotwari 323 ioam or Kabjadar pattadar Nowkari Hissadar 233 manyam " (Co-.b~rer) Jeroyiti Ryotwari 126 Chowdai 76 or Jeroy-iti. pattadar inam dar Swe.ntaID 112 Mokhasadar 28 DBJlam l>atta 43 Mirasi 27 or Mirasi inam or Kharid'l 26 Mira.idar bhumi Agrahara 29 Do.bbuku 17 bhoomi, koonadi (Puroh~sed on payment of cRsh) Sbotrium or Shotri.. Dhanyamdar Ryotwari 3 iDam p"ttadar Sarkari patte. Maktha or. Maqtedar 45 Makthadar (Concessional o~ Msktha tenure) , K.>natha bhumi vyavasagam Note :-1. - No entlo/ aga.~nst c"t~gory 'Rf'otwari holders with right of perlIlanent, heritable and transferable possession but, 2. No entry agaIDst category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable p08~e.sion but without or limited 3. No entry against category 'Jhum cultivators' 3 A~PH!{,A P~ADESR TENANCiES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN J,.AND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule) Oonditional or telllporary lessees or' Encroachers and trespa.sser' assignees of GoV<)rn1I\ent land No. of Legal No. of house Legal house La~al names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 1127 121){)2 Prabhutvamu Govt. land on 432 Sivayi jam" Encroachment 5880 vadda lisu temporary on Govt. land lwnnadi lease Sivayi jamn 4103 r rabhutvalU 275 dar or Prabhut vamu vadda or Prabhut Sivayi .804 WI' bhumi or Prabhutwa toU BaDjar t' 264 Sahakara \74 kBhetraoi ..Qaira.n 255 Goyl. land or 71 Taken from Mntta bhumi Government 228 Prabhutwa 222 Govt. "adda 60 gayalu Circar or 41 Circar land Akramana 72 Kharij khat.. ., 39 Prabhuthvapu 56 akramana or Akram!l.oa Darakabaat 14 prabbutvamu. land Pr"bhuthvapu 33 Dharakasthn 10 akramana b6dav6 eondit.ional 7 lease G"yalu 23 Dh"raka.ta.dar Podu 11 Vinobh-a Land gifted 3 Kondapodu d~na under gra~itham Bhoodao to BhGodan Yagne. 'Board ... itboul right to lease' right of transfer' ANDHRA PRADESH . LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Otllned or held from the G(1)ern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, beii- Holders of speoial alienated or other non- table and transferable possession including rigbt ryotwari tenures to I,ease No. of- No. of Legal houle- Legal house- State/District Looal names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 ANDHRA PRADESH STATE .Anugnanesag- Inamtenure 4 uoiruittam (Generally with seviee attached) Yettiinam Devuni 33 mBnyam Devalaya- 10 sams t DevasthanslI! Religious inam 14 inam D~valaya 5 mam D~valayapu 3 IDam Devala1apu 4 bhumi Devalaya 2 manyam Masid inam 2 Dharmamu Gift Zamindar Holder of 15 zaminaari tenure .ANDHRA PRADESH STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 3942 3091 64 Patta or Ryotwari 2800 pattadar loam lnam tenure sK, pattadar (Generally Bhukamandu with servico 288 attaohed) Manyam or 8 Hisslldar 3 Manyamdar .. (Co-Sharer)" Nowkari inam " 6 Zamindar Holder of 15 zamindari tenure 5 ANDHRA PRADESH TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I Ji) of the Schedule)-Concld. Conditional or temporary lessees Or "s~ignees Encroachers and trespassers of Government land No. of No. of Legal house-' Legal house Local aames -terminology holds Loca} names terminolo~" holds 2 3 2 3 S 719 Conrlmonal Govt. land on a Sivayi jama Encroachment "'t12 lease temporary on GOT t. land lease Sivayi jama-,~ 192 dar .. Prabhuvamu .! vadda tieu- Mut.a bhumi 158 konnadi .. AkramaDa .. 3 Banj.!lr " 2 Podu 11 Kondapodu 1 6 Ar.sDHR~ PRA1):W~H LOGAL. NAl\1E~ AND LEGAL l'ERMINOLOGY Of TENURES~ANQ lABLE II HelrLfrom private person, or Wit]1 right-of.permane~t. heri With right of permanent Mortgagees in:POJlsees!on table and transfere.ble and heritable possession possession but without right transfer Yo. of Woo of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house State/Distrio\ Local names tepnit;lology holds Local names ~erminology holds Local Dames ierminology holds _ 2 3 2 3 2 3 ANDHRA PRADESH STATE Grand Total 25406. 9 75 167 Kunta gutta Permanent 6 Rakshi~a Protected 59 Raben Mortgagee 79 tenant... cowie tenant in possession Hissaidon Share holder 3 Rakshitha 16 SwadhiDaILU 45 kowledar ." tbanka Thanka 34 Thl\kattu 7 Kuduva- 2 pettinagdi Note :-1. No entry against c~tegory 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' 2. No entry against category 'Sub-tenants or ten. in:stitutions ([tern L (fi) oJthirSchedult) Holding free of rent or on nominal Ordinary tenartts l'l1l.;1il'lg ,.fixed Ordinary,tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent in lieu of or not in lieu of cash reht produce rent rent as sbare of produce service No. of No. of No. of Legal bouse- Legal house- Legal bouse- Legal No. of termi. bouse- termln~log,. balds Local barnes terminOlogy holds Local names terminologY holds Local n"mes Loc81.hames nolbgy holds 2 3 • 1 2 3 ;2 3 2 3 61 4116 2478 18500 Tenant 1100 Gutta or Karn'-amdar .Land leated 37 Nagadu cowIe Tenan' 1058 Cowie or Tenant too farm or Nagadu -Guttaku or Kowlu Or 9500 labour in kolu ~ Guitadaru or Kowleku or lieu of Guttedar or Kowluku or service M .. kt", or 686 Gutta bbumi Cowledar or Makta bhumi " Kowlu- Mnkhasa Inam tenure - 11 or Maktadar Dha'1.yam 642 daru chellimpu .. Dabbu cowie 663 Dhanyam Sametlla 11 Dhenyam 341 cowleor .. 30~9 Dabbu 526 mekta .. Dhenyam- cbellimpu kowlu or Bhoga .. I Dhanyam 333 Dhanyapu bhagya (Life title) Daobuku 478 gutta cowIe lunimitham or Dabbu . Dh&nyam ., , 54 Palu Or 1581 Dev&sthB- InlOm tenure Sistu or 1117 or Dhanyaku Paluku or ,~. nam Siatuku Paludar GaUa gutta 28 Dabbu gutta U5 .. .. Batai 1136 Kuttabadi 9 67 - Sistu .. " Vata or 1005 chellirnpu Vat,akusecf,.am .. 7 Vatader or Vat aIm Da',bu 65 Gutta cowie .. 4 muk'a Vata 618 Pasapu 2 chelliwpu Cash cowlu .. 53 makta .. Dhanyam 665 vata " Munafh.. 40 Vata cowIe 7 Dabbu vata .. 29 or Vata kowlu Nagadu gutta_ 21 Gdll& vata 2 Da1>bu palu ,. 19 DhanYAm 454 Nagaduku .. 10 palu . Gs)la Yb.akta .. 10 Varamu 163 De:vanam 9 Ka:t'tu gutta- 72 ku Fasal rou nroCb .. .r 8 'SltI1t8tba Co-opera- 65 DevabaIn ./ 7 -bhumi tivefarm cowIe Sagunimi- T.llant III Khanda 6 tham gutte. .. Visit Bliagari .. 48 8 ANDHRA PRADESH I..oCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private perll..on8 or , - With right of permanent, heri With right of permanent and heri Mortgagl;:ron" Itossession table and transferable table- possession but without possession right,of transfer No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Legal houee- State/Distriot Local nlUlles terminology holds Local names terminoiogr holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 ANDHRA PRADESH STATE (Tribal) Orand TOSal 573 6 44 Kunta gutta.- Permanent (\ SWJI,dhinarnu Mor~go.gee 38 ienant thanks. m possession Thanka Ii " TAJ;lLE In Land leased·ouf to,private ANDHRA PRABESH STATE GraJld Total 178~7 Patta (i6053) Patiadar (1497.) Sagunimitham (90) Shikmi""r (10) Sahakara samstha (6) Bhukamandu (2) Rabja roam_dar (39) Devummanyam (4) Nowkari inam (3) Sangariraja bhagamu -(2) Service inam (1) Manoverii ANDHRA PRADESH STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 353 Patta. (283) Pattadar \26) Sagunimitham (25) Tbe.naka (14) lnam Paln (4) 9 ANDHRA PRADESH TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (Item I (ii) of the 8~hedule)-Concld. Holding free of rent or on nominal Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying Ordinary tenants paying rent in lieu of or n~t in lieu of cash rent fixed produce rent rent as share of produce service No. of No. of No. of Legal No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- \ termi- house- Local names term~nology holds Local names terminology holds Local ~ames terminology holds Local names nology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 Samastavada Tenant 3 Kltru Tenant 45 Nagadu 2 Lopayakari 30 chellimpu .. Hissadar 17 Pannuku 2 .. " Bhagam. 15 Private vgak. 13 tula vadda- sagultu Private vgak- 9 tula vadda· rakonnadi Sallgori 3 rajabhagam " Kavathamlo- 1 palu Sahakara Co-ope- 1 samastha rative farm 12 91 10 410 Mukhasa Inam land 11" Dabbu Tenant 34 Dhanyam Tenant ,!l Oowle or Tenant 254- cllellimpu chellimpu Coweldar Dhanyam 33 Sistu or 33 Guttadar cowie " Bhogabha- Sistuku " gyalanimi- (Life "title) Palu or 39 tham Dabbu cowIe " 15 Paludar Makta or 4 Batai 20 Maktadar " Vata 45 Nagadu 2 chellimpu .. chellimpu Vata cowIe 1 Nagadu cowie 2 '." Sagunimitham 10 Sistu ," chellimpu Bhagam .. 8 persons (Item :2 of the Schedule) dar (2) Hissadar (1) Private vyaktuloku icchinadi (Ii Thanaka (23) Amarkam (1) loam (102) Manyam (84) vishayam (1) Sotrja, inam (1) Palu (4) 10 ASSAM LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned- or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotwari holders with· right of Holderft of special alienated permanent, heritable and permanet and heritable possess ion or other non-ryotwari transferable possession but without or limited tenures including right to lease right of transfer Legal No_ of Legal No. of Legal No. of termi- house- termi- house- termi- house- State/District Local names nology holds Local names nology holds Local names .nology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 ASSAM STATE Grand Total 86498 54348 6198 256 Myadi pattadar Land 49452 Myadi pattadar Land 1642 Khiraji or Pro- 120 holder holder Khiraj or prielor or or Khirajdari (Khiraji) Periodic Periodic patta patta Nispikhiraj Prop- 71 holder holder prietor (Settle- (Settle- (Half ment ment revenue holder, holder) estate) Tris sania myadi 615 Niza swatta 350 Lakhiraj Prop- 51 pattadar prietor Ri-Kynti Land 1287 (Lakhiraj) Niz sthayee aoou- 1666 holder swatta pancy Reserve land Prop- 4 raiyot Akhing land Com- 1761 prietor munity (Khiraj Sthayee uttara- 2430 land lease dhikar abong land) hastantarar Ri-Raid 1149 adhikar saha Devottar Holder of 8 bhumi swatta Community land 1009 revenue frce estate Sthayee hastantarar 185 in recog- kshamata saba nition of bhumi swatta religious services Brahmottar Revenue 2 free Ia.nd in recognition to doul, aev- ASSAM STATE alaya, satra (Tribal) Grand Total 9536 6198 Ri-Kynti , Land 1287 holder Myadi pattadar Land 642 holder or Periodic patta holder (Settlement holder Niza swatta 350 Akhing land Commu- 1761 nity land Ri-Raid 1149 Community land 1009 Note :-No entry against cate~ory 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, herita.ble and transferable possession but 11 ASSAM T~NANCIES ACCORDING TO TIlE ,NATURE OF ~IGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) oj the Schedule) Conditional or temporary lessees or Encroachers and Jhum cultivators assignees of Government land trespassers No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- Local names terminofogy holds Local names terminology holds I Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 23427 320 1949 EksQna Annual 10109 Bedakhalkar Encroaohers 119 Jhum Shifting 1326 patta cultivators holder Be~akhali 79 Jhum land 511 A. P. land 591 Gr8l1:ingar .. 42 daliha]imati Jhum khet Jl2 Asthay"e Temp,!ral'Y 2132 . ban do basta lease holder Grazingarmati 34 of Govt. Paharar abad 33 Tauzibahir Revenue 993 payee out- Swattabihin 13 side the bhare prapta demand register Khandua Short term 468 lease Forest reserve State Forest 431 land or -Forest Deptt.'s reserve land Bamabibhag Forest 352 Depart- ment's land F oresto.rmati· 32 Pattabin Unstable~ 196 land holder Refugee grant AUotee for 73 refugee 1501 Eksona Annual 745 1837 patta holder A.P.land 591 Jhum Shifting' 1326 cultivators Tauzibahir Revenue 68 payee out- Jhum land 511 side the " demand register Forest reserve StatE! 'Forest 97 land or Forest DepBrt- reserve me nt's land without right to lease' 12 ASSAM LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY' OF TENURES AND TABLE II Hela from private persons ~ With right of permanent, heritable and With right of permanent and heritable transferable possession possession hut without right of transfer No. of 'No. of Legal house Legal house· State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 1 2 3 ASSAM STATE Grand Totsl 27163 3185 'S66 Myadi Occupancy 1396 Bagsnarmati Non-occupancy 443 rsiyot raiyot I\fyadi (Nispi- 175 khirBfp or Myadi Nakma Tenants of 418 (Nispikhiraji) Akhing land Myadi 92 School Board para Non-occupanoy 5 (Deva!ayarmati) ~wa raiyot Myadi (Khiraji) 88 Mysdi 59 (Lakheraji, Devottar, Nispikhiraj; Kheraj) Myadi (Khiraj, 48 Lakheraj, NiSpikhiraj) Myadi 32 (Devalayarmsti, KheTaj, Lakheraj. Nispikhiraj) Myadi (DevoUar, 21 Khiraji) Myad i (Devottar) " 7 Nizdakhali Bwatta 939 Jot swatta " 263 BhogdakhaJi Privileged 65 swatta raiyot ASSAM StATE (Tribal) 418 Grand Total 924 Nakma Tenants of 418 Akhing land 13 ASSAM TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LA.ND in8titution8 (Item I (it} of the Schedule) Holding free of rent or on nominal Mortgagees in possession rent in lieu of or not in Heu of service . No.ot. No.ot . -Legal house Legal house Local names terminology holds Looal names 'terminology holds 2 3 2 3 54 18 Bandhaki Mortgagee in 54 -Khajna bihfn Naukar 8 • possession Ohakran Rent free in lieu 6 of service Malikpradatta Naukar 4 niskar bhumi 14 ASSAM LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE ,II Held from private persons or Ordinary tenants paying Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying Tent as fixed cash rent produce rent share of produce Legal No. of Legal No. of Legal No. of termi- house- termi- house- term i- house- J StatetDistrict Local names nology holds Local names nology holds Local names nology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 ASSAM STATE 4634 3532 258 Ta) Khajnar banda 20 bostat Arther binimaye " 485 Ejara 142 Daka tyngka Tenants 102 paying fixed cash rent Keraya .. 76 Koroka 10 Kot katli 8 15 ASSAM TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE 'OF RIt~HTS lN -LAND institutions (Item I (ii) otthe Sched'Ule)-Contd. Crop sharers without tenancy Sub-tenants or tenants of rights sub-tenants No. of No of Legal house- Legal I house Local.names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 14544 72 Adhi Adhiar 6901 Pattahin Sub-fenant 35 Sachyar bhagdi 2682 Talatia 8'tVatta 21 Sachyar bhag 532 Korfa 16 dilowamati " or Sachyar bhag diJowa ... Bachyar bhagat l:n ·Sachyar bhag' 78 laidiamati or " Sachyar bhag laldia Sachyar bhagat 51 Iowa Bhagi 2626 Chukani 1009 Ardha bhagi " 431 Fashalar bhagi 53 Bhagowa swatt_at 22 slLchyar bhagdi Bherania 16 Barga 10 16 ASSAM LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL 'rnRMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private person8,or Ordinary tenants paying Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent as fixed cash rent produce rent share of produce Legal No. of Legal No. of Legal No. of termi- house- termi- house· termi- house- State/District Local naples nology holds Local names nolp.gr- holds Local names nology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 ASSAM STATE (Tribal) 102 '146 258 Da ka. tyngka Tenants 102 Shim wai Tenants 146 Bynta Adhiar 194 "paying 'paying fixed fixed Adhi 64 cash rent produce " rent T ABLE In Land lea8ed-out to private ASSAM STAITE '" Grand Total 22065 Myadi (18797) Niz swatta (751) Sthayee swatta (32) Ri.kynti (639) Sthayee utteradhikar a,bong hastantara.r land (10) Lakhiraj (46) Brflhmottaf (1) Devottar (7) Akbing la nd (231) I I ASSAM STATE (Tribal)' Grand :rotal 870 , Ri.Kynti (639) .Akhing laRd (231) 17 ASSAM TENANCIES ACCORDING. TO THE NATURE'OF RIGHTS iN J.,AND in8titution8 (Item 1 (ii) of the Schedule)-Concld. ) Crop-sharers without t~nancy rights Suo-tenants 01.' tena.nts of su b-tenants No. of No, of Legal h'ouse Legal house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology. holds 2 3 2 3 per80n8 (Item 2 oj th~ Schedule) adhikar aaha.bbumi swatta (1320) Sthayee hastantarar kshamata sahabhumi swatta (39) Khiraji (128) Nispikhiraj (64) Reserve 18 BIHAR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I. Owned M' held f(om the Govern Ryotwari holders with,right of permanent, heri Ryolwari holders with right of permanent and heri table and transferable possession including table possession but,without or limited right to lease right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 BIHAR STATE Grand Total 221944 155438 61776 Raiyati or Raiyat Occupancy 134228 Kast or Raiyati or Occupancy 53231 kaemi or Raiyati raiyat Kaemi or Raiyatl raiyat khurd Raiyati jot kaemi or Raiyati or Kaemior nagdi or Raiyati Raitiana or sarkar se prapt R8iyatwari or or Raiyatiwari or Nagdi raiyati or ltaiyati khas or Nagdi kaemi or Raiyati sharI Kalit nagdi or Raiyati kaemi nagdi or Raiyati Jamabandi or Occupancy 2954 kast or Kast Jamabandi jot or raiyat kaemi or Kaat Of Jamabandi (Settled Kastkari kaemi raiyati or raiyat lamabandi hak of the or lamabandi village) Maucusi or Raiyati Occupancy 7457 raiyati kaemi mauru~j or raiyat Maurusi kaemi (Hereditary) or Nagdi Khut katti Occupancy 1233 maurusi or raiyat Maurusi khurd (The same or Maurusi as ordinary kewala Of occupancy Maucusi jama or lenancy Khandanior with the Pariwar ke khet important or Paitrik or e)(ception Bapaut,i or Kast that the paitrik or Vasiyat ren I assessed nama se prapt is no! or Chacha se liable to prapt orMa enhance dada nam or ment) }3apauti rasidi Note :-1. No entry against categorY 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transrerable posseSliion'but witbout 2. No entry against ~tegory 'Jhum cultivators' . , 19 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule) Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal hOllSe Legal house house Local na(Iles terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 / 3 2 1937 1670 983 lCO Raiyati Rent free 169 Sarkar se prapt Lease from 1093 Gair mazarua Encroach 956 belagan land or Sarkar Government or Gair rna ment on Mijan 29 or Rent se prapt zarua bela Gair rna free land zaminor gan or Gair zarua or Belagan Sarkari mazarua land Topra IS or Sarkar dakhil or Brit or 108 se bando Gair mazarua Brit ka basti or dakhal me Kisani 14 zamin Sarkari zaminor Parti or . Encrochment 9 Brahmo- Religious 80 Sarkar se Parti zamin on waste Girhasthi f3 ttar or grants made or Bihar land Brahmottar to Braqrnins sarkar se Iakhraj or or Sarkar Bina kagaj Illegal 8 Jama 12 Raiyati dwara ka dakhli possession kaemi prapt brahmottar Gasban or Forcible 5 Tari 6 or Raiyati Diar.. or Unstable land 188 Gasban possession bhith brahmottar Diara bhit in river bed kabja tanr or Pujari Land given 23 Gang Bihar sarkar Encroach 4. Milki (> pahan or to pahan shikast ki zamin par ment on Pahnai or religious or Ganga kabja Bihar head of jeemen Govt. Koliary 5 the village kata or land for per Kosi men formance Utkar gair- Encroach Sansthan of bhut Nahar ka chat Lease from 159 mazarua ment se prapt puja or Sarkari Government chat or Sheojee Land given 16 Nahar Mukarri 3 ,kesewa ka for worship bibhag or rnehetu or of deity Sarkari Krishna nahar or Raiyati sarh 1 arpan or D.Y. Nilam bhanjan Thakur chat or jee ke Sarkar se zaminor prapt chat Raiyati 3 Mandir or Chat or rahmoi me dan Nahar raiyati or bibhag se Thakur Gorakaemi bari tatha Railway line Lease from 74 or Gora inam or se nagdi Railway or Apna Puja me "par or gora or Ram Railway line janki ki se zamin zamin or or Railway Kalauti~ Shiva ke se prapt or st:'wa me or Railway se Dan bandobasti or thakurji or Dev puja·or Thakur puja right to lease' 20 BIHAR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGX OF TENURES AND TABLt-I O'W'[!eg or held.'{rom 1he Go~e_rn - Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heri· Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heri. table and transferable possessiOifincluding table possessiOlf but without or limited right to lease right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house· - Legal house State/District Local nameS terminology holds Local nftmes terminology holds 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE Kharidgi or Occupancy 6159 Mundari Right of a 427 Kewala or raiyat khut katti munda 'Kharidgi kaemi (Right aboriginal or Bajariil kewala acquired' to reclaim or Bai kharidgi by purchase !hnd for or Kharidgi through cultivation. raiyati or Raiyati registered Such rights kewma or Baina sale deed) belpng to rna or Kharid those munda raiyati or Nagdi aboriginals kharidi or whose ances- 'Kewala dwafa tors had .prapt or Kewala originally bai or Bai.la reclaimed the kaemi or Bai or land. No Bai kharid or Bai occupancy kewala or Kha-rid right kewaJa or accrues in Kharidari or this Kharidi hui zamin or Registry or Hal kharidar Bhoodan se prapt Occupancy 1827 or Raiyati kewala or Bhoodan raiyat nagdi or Raiyati dwara sarkar se (Bhoodan kaemi kewala or raiyati or land) Nagdi kewala Vinobajf se prapt kharid,or or Raiyati bhoo- Bikriya or dani or Dan Kewala nagdi patra or Sarvo· or Raiyati daya kharid or Kaemi kewaJa or Registry kewala or Kewala Registry or Kharid Occupancy kharid - zamin or raiyat Baikigai or (Right Kharidgi kewala acquired or Kharid by purchase raiyati or through Bainama kewala registered Of Kewala Of sale deed) Raiyati kewala Of Kewala khurd or Kewala bikri or Kharid sam- patti or Kharidgi or Khas kharid or Raiyati bikri or Khas bikri 21 BIHAR. TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE pF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item L (i) of the Sohedule)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encrokchers and trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tentires or ~ssignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house Local nameS terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 Puja karne Land given Railway ki for worship zamin or Marhamjin 2 Railway.se bhawli<1l' Do maojila 2 Dan ke TUP Gifted land 66 Railway se khet ,. ine or Khai- or Railway rat or Dan dwara or Kurka se prap! 2 or Dan se Railway me prapt or chala gaya or B. 'Class 2 Anya logon Railway se dan or sarkar se Khista bai 1 Dan par prapt khurd I Fakirana Land given 10 Tarka in charity Sarkar se bease from 48 Sayee manjan utkar 90vernment Shradh me Gifted land 3 Scheme par dan jot Co-operative Lease from 42 farm or co-operative Dakshina Wakf Land to trust Co-operative farm farm se Newasa Maukhik Land in gift Bandobasti Lease 25 Halbandi- dan patra free of rent aerodrome sarkar Raj se prapt Lease from 13 Magahi parti state Dakshina Rent.free land Dusre se se prapt P.W.D. or Lease from 12 prapt P.W.D. se P.W.D. Raiyati utkar 23 prapt Photi 1 belagan Bandh or Lease 6 Naya'bandi Bandh ke Lakhraj Land exempted 9. andar or Gandhi smarak from pay- Kosi bandh nidhi ki ment of ke andar zal)lin revenue Aharzamin 3 Kashl pra- or'Ahari gati sutra Khorposh Maintenance 7 grant Pyne 2 Sarkar ke Lease from 2 Parwarish For mainten- taraf se sona Government ke waste ance ka chharan Sichai bibhag Lease from se prapt irrigation department Kaisar hint¥ Lease from Government of In~ia 22 BIHAR LOCAL NAMES AJ'l.1)'LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders'with right of permanent, heri Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heri table and transferable possession including table possession but without or limited right to lease right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE Apni or Occupancy 3336 Maurusi or Occupancy 3[1 Apni raiyati raiyat Maurusi raiyat Of Nij fiak jamin (Hereditary) or Khud kast or Apna or Niji Raiyati Occupancy 284 or Apni jot korki or raiyat ki zamin or Raiyati (Occupancy 'Apni zarhin korkar righ t acqui or Khas or red on kOf Apni nagdi kar land, i,e. the paddy land reclai Khatiani or Occupancy 2341 med by a Katiani hak raiyat raiyat from or Raiyati . (Right recar- unc~ltivated khatiani or ded in re- and up land) Khatiani cords of raiyati rights) kaerni or Khatiani Apni or Occupancy 279 nagdi or Niji or raiyat Khatiani Apni zamin kaerni or or Apnenarn Khatiani zamin or dakhalor Khas Khata or Khewa' Bakast or Occupancy 175 Raiyati raiyat Bandobasti Occupancy 766 bakast (Land in or Raiyat. raiyat (Right cultivating bandoba"i acquired by possession or Hal ban- settlement) of erstwhile dobasH Of landlord) Kaemi ban- dobasti Bakast bando- basti or Ba- Occupancy kast kharid raiyat Ilakast or Occupancy 430 (Right acqui-. Bakast tal raiyat (Land red through or Bakast in cultivating settlement milkiyat Of possession of cr by pur Bakast erstwhile chase of raiyati or land lordsl bakast land Bakast kae from erst-~ or MHkiy,\ while land or Zarnin- lords dari 23 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) oj the &hetiule)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers 'Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures or assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 Waste bhut Grant for 4 District Board Lease puja karne worship ka or Bhut puja me or Jagir bhut puja / Raiyati bela- Rent free land 3 gan zamin Karirana Apni jagir or Service tenure 791 Jagir or Jagfr se prapt zamin or Jagir kaemi Kola or Service tenure 198 Kola se (Land given prapt to plough- men) Jagir chakrana Service tenure 172 ,or Naukrime chakrana or Chakrana or Chakrana jagir Goraityor 126 Goraity se prapt or Sarkari go- mity or Jagir garailyor Kast goraity or Gomity - chakrana or J agir goraily Chaukidari 43 chakrana Of Chaukidari Khidmator 27 Khidmatj jagir Mafi 20 24 BIHAR LOCAL NAMES' AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held jr;;m the Govern RYQtwari holders with right of permanent, heri Ryotwari holders witli righ~ of permanent and heri ta bIe and transferable possession including table possession but without or limited right to lease right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal bouse State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE Sarah kaemi 'Occupancy 203 Bakast samilat Occupancy 2 raiyat raiyati raiyat Survey raiyali Occupancy 103 Bari or Basod Occupam,y "or Raiyati raiyat or Bhit or raiyat (Home survey kaemi (Right recar- Makan bari stead land) or Survey ded in the or Bas or Appe last survey) survey se Khatiani Right recorded 14-1 raiyati in the record SurveY bakast Occupancy 27 of right raiyat (Bakast land of erstwhile landlord as GaiT mazarua Occupancy recor.;led in raiyati' raiyat (Rai- the last yati right survey) acquired on gair mazarua land) , Malik se Occupancy 23 bandobasti raiyat Gair mazarua Occupancy ;1]0 or Bakast (Right acqui<- bandobasti raiyat (By kharid or red through or Gair settlement Malik se settlement mazarua of waste prapt or purchase sarkar se laqd) of bakast land from GaiT mazama Occupancy 17 erstwhile khas raiyat (Waste landlord) land in khas possession .of erstwhile Makan ke Occupancy 83 landlord) waste or raiyat (Home Bad or Rai- stead land) yati kaemi gharbari Occupancy 4 "" ~ _... ':: .... - Gair mazarua or Basdih ~ maurusi raiyat ftI"_ •• ~ • ;";>~'·~I •• or Makan "::;:~~; ; + : .;. .... banane ke .,''4 liye or ," ~, Bandobasti Occupancy ~'" Wasasthan - '.< or Raiyati raiyat (Right or Dih or " ,.. . ' ,. acquired by .,J .~ .:.. t bandobasti Basobas i' '; or Bando- settlement) basti raiyati 'I..., , ~' :" '.:'1:" 25 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item t (i) of the Sehedule)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encroach€!rs and trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures or assignees of Government , land No. of No. Of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 Jagir nagdi Service tenure 9 or Jagir kola or ~likhit jagir or Jagir inam Sarkari jagir 9 Jormanjhi Service tenure 3 'chakran or (Land assig- Jagmanjhi ned for the men up kcep of the local administra- tion) Tabedari Service tepure 2, Bandobasti 2 jagir Jagir marauti Service tenure (Rent free irant to amily of a man killed in the service of ex- inter- mediary) Chakrana Service tenure imambara 26 BIHAR LO(:AL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGy OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from tJ!e Govern Ryotwari h~lders with rjght of penTIl!Dent, .heri Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and h;i-• table and transferable possessioll mcludlllg table possession but without or limited right to lease right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 I, 2 3 BIHARSTATB Bas kharidgi OccupallCy 6 Bandobasti Occupancy 33 ralya't tllome ut Ti'f"J. Vdll nilY'.fi '(.L.-arru stead by dobasti or acquired by purchase) Nutan settlement) bandobasti Jirat or Zirat Occupancy 75 or Bando raiyat (Pri basti hukum vate land " nama of erstwhile landlord) Utkar Occupancy 7 bandobasti raiyat Gair'mazarua Occupancy 70 Sarkar se Occupancy 4 malik or raiyat (Was bandobasti raiyat" Sarkari gair te land in (Acquired mazarua bhit khas posses by settlement or Raiyati sion of erst from Govt.) kaemi gair while land- , mazarua lords) or Gair Ranka khurcl Occupancy 2 mazarua bandobasti raiyat sarkari Pradhani Occupancy 42 Raiya raiyati Occupancy 60 bandobasti raiyat (Land bandobasti raiyat (Rai settled 'with or Hukumna yati right the village rna bando acquired by head man) basti or Ban settl~ment) dobasti kewala or Pradhani jot Occupancy 29 Bihar sarkar raiyat (Head se bandobasti man's tenure or Land Raiyati jagir Occupancy 17 aSSigned to or Chakrana raiyat (Rai village head jagir kaemi ya ti right on man for his or Jagir jagir land) service) raiyat Jagir kharidar Occupancy 3 Raiyati bhui: Special aborigi 32 raiyat (Right hari nal (other acquired by than mun purchase oc. das) holdings Jagir land) held by the descendants Itaiyati kaemi Occupancy 12 of the abori diara or . raiyat (Rai linals Raiyati diar. yati right acquirecl on Diar. land) 27 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCpRDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND menl (Item I (i) of the Schedule-J-Contd. Holders of special alienated or' Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and _treSpassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures or assignees of Government land _ No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house . Legal house- house Local ne-mee terminology holds Local names ter,minology holds Local names terminology h,olas Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 28 BlIfAR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND rABLE I Owned or hela from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heri- Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heri- table and ttansferable possession including table possession but without or limited right to lease right of transfer . 't:'o. of No. of Legal house- Legal_ house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local nan)lls terminology holds' 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE Bakast diara OcCUpancy 9 Survey raiyati Occupancy 14 raiyat (Diara raiyat (Right land in culti- recorded in ';>ating the last possession of survey) erstwhile landlordl Zirat Occupancy raiyat (Pri- vate land of Nilamor Occupancy. 9 erstwhile Nilam kharid raiyat landlord) or Sarkari (Through nilam dak auction) Ranka khurd Occupancy raiyati ' raiyat Jotki Occupancy 6 raiyat Raiyati OccupancY (Cultivated khandit raiyat land) (Acquired by reclama- Khet bagicha Occupancy 4 tion) maurusi hak raiyat (Here- Sasur se dan Occupancy 9 or "8agicha ditary right or Sasur se raiyat (Land on orchards) prapt or obtained Apne -sasural from father- se prapt or in-law) Topra pafldlet Occupancy 2 Sasurari or kharid raiyat (Land Sasurai se held by d~hej me virtue of prapt exchange) Mama 5e or occupan3I 7 Khas mahal Occupancy Nanihal se , raiyat eld bakast raiyat (Gov- prapt or from mater- erument land Beti or Nati nal side) in cultivating leo prapt possession) Nyayalay se Occupancy prapt raiyat (Right Sarkari kaemi Occupancy conferred zamin raiyat under court's order) Sarrnuain " Bet kheta Private land of Dokbtari se Occupancy 3 ex-interme- prapt or raiyat (Land diaries in Dokhtari se acquired by which no a daughter occupancy by succes- right accrues sion) 29 TENANCIES ACCORDING TO TBE.:NATURE OF R,IGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures or assignees of Government land No. of No. of / No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house house Lecal names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds ., 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 3<} BIHAR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF 1:ENURES AND T ABLE I OW11eel or held from tM (}o,)ern Ryotwari holders witIY right of permanent, haH- Roytwari holders. with right of permanent and table and transferable possession including heritable and possession without or limited right to lease . right of transfer No. of No. of Legal hOllse- L"gal house State/District Local·names terminology bolds Localo!\mes terminology holds _ 1 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE l'ooput se Occupancy raiyat (Right acquired by . adopted son) Mama ka dan OccLipancy raiyat (Gift frolll mater- nal uncle) Nani se prapt Held from maternal grand mother BIHAR STATE ~Tribal) Gran. Total 27286 132 2688'1 Raiyati Occupancy raiyat 132 Raiyati or Raiyati Occupancy raiyat 23677 kaemi Jamabandi jot or Occupancy raiyat 1016 Jamabandi raiyati (Settled raiyat of or lamabandi the village) raiyat] kaemi Khut katt\ Occupany raiyat 9S~ . (The same as ordinary occupancy tenancy with im- portant exception that the rent assessed is not liable to enhance- ment) Mundari khut katti Right of a munda 327 aboriginal to re- claim land for cultivation, Such rights belong to those munda abod- ginals whose ances- tors had originall), reclaimed the land. No occupancy right occurs in this Raiti korkar Occupancy raiyat' 283 (Occupancy right acquired on korkar land, i.e., the paddy land reclai- med by a raiyat from uncultivated and up land) Khatiani raiyati Occupancy raiyat 141 (Right recorded in the record of rights) Bhoodan se prapt or Occupancy raiyat 132 Bhoodan (Bhoodani land) 31 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO TliE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and tresp~ssers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures or assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal' house Legal house- Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 82 116 69 Pujari pahan Land given 21 Sarkar se prapt Lease from lOO Gair mazarua Encroachment 61 or Pahnai to pahan or -Government on gair ma religious - zarua land head of the Co-operative Lease from 12 village for farm se co-operative Parti or Encroachment 8 performance farm Parti zamin on waste of bhut puja land RaTIway sarkar Lease from 3 Khorposh Maintenance 4 se prapt Railway de- grant or Railway partment department Brahmottar Grant made to 3, se bra,hmins P.W.D. bease from Deo puja Land for 3 P.W.D. worship Dan or Dan Gifted land 6 se prapt Jagir Service tenure 16 Chaukidari or 15 Chaukidari chakran Chakrana Service tenure 7 Goraiti 4 Jor manjhi Service tenure 2 chakran or (Land-ass ig Jag manjhi ned. for the. men up keep of the local administra tion) 82 BIHAR I:;(leAL N~ AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND' TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of l,ermanent, heri. Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and hed· table and transferable posses~ion including . table possession but without or limited right to lease right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house· Legal' house· State{District- Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 2 3 BIHAR STATE (Tribal) Maurusi OccU1;>ancy raiya! 74 (Hereditary) Khas kharid or Occupancy raiya! 66 Raiyati, bikri or (Right acquired by Khas bikr; purchase through registered sale deed) 52 Bandobast't or Hal Occupancy raiY'lt bandobasti Of. (Land acquired by Nutan b;mdobasti settlement) or Raiyati banda· basti ' Bakast Occupancy raiyat 48 (Latld in cultivat, ing possession of erstwhile land. lord) Raiyati bhuihari Occupancy raiyat 32 [Special aboriginal (other than mun- das) holdings held by the descendants of the-aboriginalst- Apne Dam zamin Occupancy raiyat 30 or Apni Pradhani bando- Occupancy raiyat 26 basti (Land settled with the village head- iuan) _ Pradhani jot Occupancy raiyat 15 "(Headman's tenure, a lal).d assigned to village headman for his service) Bhit or Bas Occupancy raiyat (Homstead land) ~ 2irat Occ,;!pancy raiyat 2 (Private land of the· erstwhile landlord) Beti Or Nati ko Occupancy raiyat 2 prapt (Held from.mater- nal side)" Sasural se prapt Occupancy raiyat 2 or Sasurali fand obtained rom father-in-law) Sarkar se banda· Occupancy raiyat bastl (Acquired by settle- ment from Govern- ment) 33 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO Tim NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Soheduk)-Conold. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers UnclasJiified other non-ryotwari tenures or assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of -Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names termino~ogy holds Local names. holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 Jagir maurauti Service tenure (Rent free grant to family of a' man killed in the ser vice of ex-in termediary) 34 BIHAR LOCAL NAME~ ,ANlfLJGAL TE~INOLOGY _OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private per~on8 or With right of permanent and heritable possession Mortgagees in possessiol;l btlt "Xithout right of transfer ' No. or No. of ]"e,gal hOuse Legal houSe· State/District LOcal naines terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE Grand Total 128C09 36 29317 Diara raiyati Occupancy under 19 Sud bharna rehan or Mortgagee in 13116 kaemi batai raiyat Sud bharna 0 I Rehan possc;ssion sud or Bandhak sud Dar raiyati 'kaemi '8 bharna or Rehan sud bharna or Batai sud UtkaT phauti Occupancy under .7 bharna or Sud bharna firarLor Phauti raiyat (12 years par praptor Sud nam or firari possession) Nagdi sud bharna or Raiyati sud bharna 'School ki kaemi or Gif'ted land to 2 Dan sarkar school se 'prapt vidyatya. Rehan or Rehan 5800 keliya diya gaya or _ Rehan bandha huor or >Rehan Jiya gaya or Rehan kharidgi or Rehan par zamin or Rehanama or Rehan pa~di gai or Rehan se prapt or Rehan bapdhak Jarpeshgi or 5487 Patta or Jarpeshgi rehan or Jarpeshgi bharna or Jarpeshgi sud bhama or Jarpeshgi kharid or J!lrpeshgi bandhak Bhamaor 2215 ·Bbarna Iiya gaya' ., Bandhaki or 961 Bandhak lzara kharid or ',804 Izara or . lzara sud bharna or Nagdi izara or Rehan izara or lzara par diya or Apni za':llin izara Note :-1. ~o entry agamst category 'With right of permarulnt; heritable and transferable possession' 2: ~o entry' against category ·Crop·sh~rers without !enancy rights' 35 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCORriING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND instituiions (Item I (ii) of the Schedule) Holding free of rent or on nominal rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent in lieu of c;lr not in lieu of service No.-of No. of Legal house- Legal house Local. names terminology holds Local fnames terminology holds 2 3 2 3 'H2 18727 Halwahi ot Service tenure 318 Nagdi or- Under raiyat 10975 Halwahi se (Land given Nagdi zamin or (Paying prapt or to plough--- Nagdi jot cash rent) H"al chalane men) m~liya or Halwahi Nagdi thika or 4666 par diya Thikadari gaya zamin or zamin OT Halwahi Thika or kola or Thika kaemi or Harour or Kast thika or Harpar or Raiyati thika or Harwahi Thika bandi or ke {!ur par or Thi!ca men' Hawai jagir or Haljagir Sikmi or 1867 Sikmi nagdi or Nal.ikri'ke Servi<;e 103 Sikmi malguzari waste or tenure or Sikmi bando N;iukri or basti or Naukri me Sikmi kas! or patai or Kaemi sikmi or Naukri se or Sikmi lagan or Naukrana or Raiyati sikmi or Naukari Jotsikmi pahanai Mauloori Servib 90 Nagdi 391 me'diya tenure (Land malguzari' - gaya zamin or given to or Malguzari Mazdoori labourers) par liya gaya or se prapt or -Malguzati or Banihari or Rupaiya par of Mazduri Malgozari bandobasti ox: Bettiah raj Service 67 LaganioT se prapt or tenure Malguzari par Malik se nagdi prapt Kamaity se 31 prapt or Utkar Under raiyat 215 K'amaiya or , Kamaiti Banihar;'se Service tenure 20 Kaemi nagdi 161 prapt or (In lieu of Baniyauti or manual Cooliegiri labour) 86 BmAR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF .TENURES AND TABLE II Held from :e_rifJate p(}rB01J8 or With right or permanent and heritable possession Mortgagees m· possession but with0!lt right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology bords Local names terminology holds 2 3 3 BlliAR STATE Bhugat bandha or Mortgagee in 389 Bandhak bhugut or possession Bhugut or Bhugut bandhak Bhugtan or Bhugtan bandhak or Bhugtan rehan Kaibhama or 69 Kar bharna rehan or Rehan kar par Rehan bharna 64 Sud bandhaki or 6i Sud'bandhak or " Sud bandhak se pTapt Miadi bainama or Miactf Sud rehan ~4 Girvi or Sud girvi 30 Rehan dakhali " 21 Makful 19 Rehan nagdi 12 Jabani rehan 8 or Reban jabani DltStaweji " 7 Satta bhama .. 7 Raiyat rehan " 6 Thika sud 4 bharna or Sudi Satta Tehan 3 37 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND i1Ultitutions Cltem I (ii) of the Schedulel-Contd. Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or Ordinary tenants paying fixed casl1lrent not in lieu of service No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1. 2 3 2 3 Dhan katai Service tenure 19 Patta liya or Under raiyat 126 Nagdi (Paying cash Naopar se mila bai 18 patta or rent) or Mailjhi Eksala patta or Pattaor Morika banane par 15 Kaemi patta or Patta Bakshisnama 10 registry or Malik se Hazamat banane me 7 patta or or Pramani" men Raiyati patta Dhulai or Kapra 3 dhulaime Dar raiyati Under raiyat 91 Bojha me prapt 3 Araji nagdi 83 Dhan. ropne par 1 Khet rakhwali me Patau or 67 Nagdi patau Kudarwala se prapt Service tenure (Land given to agricultural Satta 60 labourer) Sewa me mali}':: se . Service tenure Kabuliyat prapt 11 Rakmi Under raiyat 7 Mehtar pakhana (Oil cash rent) saf ke liya Baswala thika Under raiyat 3 Chulha jhokhna (Home stead on fixed rent) Kola bad " Maushmi Under raiyat 2 Betanme 1 • Thakur jee ki 1 zamin nagdi Mostagir Under raiyat (Equivalent to thika) 38 BIliAR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held.from private per80na or _'It With iig&t of permanent and heritable possession Mortgigees in possession but_without right of transfer No. of No. of _ Legal house Legal house Statc!District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE Baibul wafa Mortgagee'in possession _Su~ bandobasti 3 Rellitn sikmi . 2 Sud bharna mafguzari 1: Bandoba~ti rchan 2 Hand note BIHAR STATE (fribal) Grand TotallilSO 1991' Phauli' farari .Occupancy writer B~ndhkiorbapdh~. Mortgagee in 756 raiyat (12 years possession possession) Jarl?cshgi or Jarpesh- ,< ' 546 gl bandhak Bhugat bandha or +~4 Bandhak bhugafor Bhugat Sud bharna"rehail dr ,,' 2cr9"' Sud Il.harna Rehan 1~8· Miadi 11 Bharna ~ 10 Rehan iz;}ra 8 Bhugtan 3 Baibu\ wafa' 3 Sud bandhak 3 39 WHAR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND in8titutions (Item I ('i,i) of the Sehedule)-Contd. Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or OrdiI)ary tenants paying fixed cash J;_ent not in lieu of service...... No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Local names terrrfinology holds Local names 'terminology' .h014s 2 3 2 :3 53 534 Naukaran Service tenure 45 Thika Under raiyat 269 Prafnfuik men 6 Nagdi Under raiyat 177 " - (?aying cash rent) Nilukri pahnai Service tenure 2 (Pahnai lands Sikmi raiyati or Under miyat 35 giveh for service) Sikmi Utkar 19 Satta ;, 15 Patta 10 Dar raiyati 9 40 BIHAR , - LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND II. ~TABLE n Held from private pe;sons ()'f Ordinary ~ant 'paying fixed produce rent O;dinary tenants paying rent as share of produce No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds -1 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE 3364 76045 Manipar or Under raiyat 1271 Batai or Batai Under raiyat 52430 Batai mani par or (Paying fixed zamin or Batai Thika mani or produce rent) par liya gaya Mani par diya zamin or Batai gaya zamin or bandobasti or Mani bandobasti or Bataidari Mani batai Or Manijotor Ardh batai or Under raiyat 19065 Mani thika or Birit ardh batai or (Paying half Man thika Barabar hissa share) batai or Batai Chauraha par or Under raiyat 946 nisf or Sikmi Mani chauraha (Paying fixed adh batai or par or Batai produce of rice) Ardh bhagi chauraha or Chau- raha Il,)ani or Bhawali par batai Under raiyat 3465 Chauraha batai or Bhawali or Bhawali Manhtmda or Bunda Under raiyat 772 par ligai or or Batai manhunda (Paying fixed Bhawali produce rent) thika or.Bhawali batai or Bha.waIi Mankhap or Batai 196 ke rup me ,mankhap or Mankhata or ~ Sikmi batai or 764 "Mankuta or-M!ln- Raiyati sikmi kurwa or Man- batai or Batai kurwa ~atai- ; par sikmi or Sikmi bhawali Manjai or Manjai 102 batai Adhi bhawali Under raiyat 69 (Paying 1/2 share Jins or Jinsi or Jins 70 of produce) par sliikmi _Sanjha batai Under raiyat 68 Kut par or Kut 4 (In combination with others). Bhawali mani 2 linsi batai or Jinsi Under raiyat bhawali }} Bhawali chauraha Under raiyat (Paying fixed Bhag or Bhag 34 produce of rice) batai Raiti batai 30 41 -BIHAR TENANCIES ACCORDlNG,TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND . I' . , institutions (Irem I (ii) of th~ Sohed.ule)-Con1;d. Sub-tenants or tenants ofsub-t~nants Unclassified No. of No. of Legal house- house Local names terminology hoJds Local names holds 3 2 2 206 Dan raiyati sikmi Raiyat to under 2 Gudasta 12 raiyat Makhli 25 Dhani 19 Parihath 18 Patit dakhai 15 Palahab 8 Anya logon se prapt 8 or Dusre se prapt Khandit 7 Patedari 4 Kolai sikmi 4 Karta 3 Sikmi anjuman 3 Palihathwari 3 Mir rakidar 2 Patit bandobasti 2 Jubani bikri 2 Sadhmi batai Bata! scheme jot Scheme malguzari 1. Par pethai me It Samajik ,,I Sansthaon se Achhedijot Maktab 42 BIHAR LOCAL NAM¥-S AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES. AND TABLE n Held from private persons or Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of produce No. of No. of Legal house Legal house· State/District Local names terminology holds Local names. terminology holds 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE Tehaia or Bati'li Under raiyat . 24 tehai or-Tisri batai • (On one third share) Chauthai or Chautha.i Under raiyat 18 par or Chauthaiya (On 1/4 share) or Chauthai bata; or Batid chauthai Bhag or_Bhagi Under raiyat 12 Batai dana or Dana. 5 bandi batai par prapt Re:ttan batai or Batai 3 izara zamin or, .. Bandhki batai Panchua batai Under Taiyat 3 (One fifth share) Bant batai Under raiyat 3 Dhan batai Under raiyat 2 (Paying rent in terms of paddy) Hak batai . Under Taiyat 2 Sud bharna batai .... 2 " Utkar batai 2 Batai kat bat Panjai batai Batai kola Batai bagicha Kast batai J' Batai thika Sikmi bhawali 43 BmAR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND. institutions (Item I (ii) of the Scheaule)-Contd. Sub-tenants or tenants -?f sub-tenants Unclassified No. of No. of Legal house house Local namps- terminology hOlds Local names hOlds 2 3 1 2 Asulati Memberon se sanyukta Ii gai zamin Gaon se prapt 44 BIHAR LOCAL ~AMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF ~NU~ AND TABLE II Held from private ~er801lB or Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce reni Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of produce No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 BIHAR STATE (Tribal) 9 2589 Batai chamaha or Under raiyt (Fixed 9 Ardh batai Under Taiyat (On 1415 Chauraha produce of rice) half share of produce) Batai Under raiyat 1062 Bhawali or Bha 68 wali batai Sajha batai Under raiyat (In 28 combination with others) Adhi bhawali Under raiyat (On 8 half share of produce) lins Under raiyat 8 45 BIHAR TENANCIES ACCO~DING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND tnatitutions (Item I eW 0/ the Schedule)-Concld. Sub-tenants or tenants'of sub-tenants Uitclassified No. of No. of Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names nolds 2 3 2 2 7 Dar raiyati sikmi ,Raiyat to under 2 Palihathwad 3 raiyat Parihath 1 Asulati Gaon se prapt, Memberon se sam- yukta Jiya gaya zamin 46 GUJARAT LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOJ,.OGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Ownea' or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotwari holders with right of per Ryotwari holders with right of per permanent, heritable and manent, heritable and transferable , manenf an4 heJitable possession transferable possession possess·ion but without right to lease but without or limited right including right to lease of transfer No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names-terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 GUJARAT STATE Grand Total 67147 45934 17866 1147 Kabjedar Occupant COld 21323 Kabjedar Occupant (Old 11139 Navj sharat Occupant (New 1095 tenure) tenure) and restric- ted tenures) Khatedar 2825 Malikini ··12889 Bhudan or 31 Ryotwari 1357 Bhumidan Ryotwrui 587~ Malikini 1352 Rabari vasahat 13 Juni sharat 83Q7_ " Khalsa 1061 Maldhari 8 Khalsa '.' 10~7- tarike Sarkari 105 Sarkari 765 Juni sharat 27 Khatedar 130 AJilhat 125 Malikini 121 bhagni Butedar 86 Juna kararni 73 Sarkari khed 17 hakkani Vachan kabjo 14 ferfar kar- wana OOkk- wali Varsai kabjo 12 ferfar karwana hakkwaJi Note :-No entry against category 'Jhum cultivators' 47 GUJARAT -TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (It~m I (ij' of the Schedul~) Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers dnclassified other non-ryotwari tenures or assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house- Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 2 3 2 468 884 847 Inami Alienated 108 Sarkari Temj)omry 370 Bina parvangi Encroachment Paisa laine 3 kharaba Govt. lessee (Govt. waste Non sarkari land) - Sansthani Eksali Temporary 302 Devasthan Alienated (Re- 105 Govt. lessee Unspecified 843 ligious inam) (One year lease) Devasthan 15 inami " Jungle khatani Temporary 104 Govt. lessee . (Of forest ' Dharmada 8 land) Sarkari ganotia Temporary 40 Chakariyat Alienated 181 Govt. lessee (Service inam) Patathi 35 Sarkari pate- 20 Navsadhya 9 lalipete inami patani (Re~iama- tion lease) Sarkari 16 upiyogi Hijarati Temporary 8 eksali Govt. lessee. Nokariyat 3 inami Avedani 4 (COOditional lease) Yethni 3 Lease Temporary 3 Govt. lessee Police patclni Sarkari 3 barpato Service Barkhali Alienated 6 Sarkari 3 (Barkhali talavni (Go~i. tank tenure) bed land) 48 GUJARA~ LOCAL NAMES A~D LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES ANi> TABLE I . Owned or held/rom the Gov~rn Ryotwari holders' with right of Ryotwari holders 'with right of Ryotwar'i holders with right of perma permanent, heritable and trans permanent, heritable and trans nent and heritable possession but ferable possession including Cerale possession but without without or limited right of rIght to lease right to lease transfer No. of No. of' No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house State{District. ,Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 I 'GUJARAT STATE Sukhadi occupant (Old 8 apine tenure) Kayami ,- 7 Ret butedar 4 GUJARAT STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 18636 17355 82 ?:12 Kabjedar Occupant (Old 8184 Kabjedar Occupant (Old 82 Navi sharat Occupant (New 271 tenure) tenure) and restric ted tenure) Malikini 5439 Ryotwari 3091 Bhumidan Juni sharat 424 Sarkari 108 Khalsa 102 Kayami 7 49 GUJARAT TENANCIES ACCORDING TO tHE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN UAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule}-Concld. Holders of sp'ecial alienated Conditional or temporary Encroachers and Unclassified or other non-ryotwari lessees or assignees of trespassers tenures Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house Local names terIIlinology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names, holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 ljarathi Temporary Govt. lessee ~arkan sharti --l (Co~ditional lease)' Sarkari Temporary traverse Govt. les!.ee (Govt. waste land) 216 lli8 551 lnami Alienated 53 Eksali Temporary 63 Unspecified 551 Govt. Jessee (One 1'lmr Devasthan 70 lease) (Religious" Sarkari Temporary 40 inam) ganotia Govt. lessee Devasthan 8 Patathi 32 inami " Navsadhya 9 patani (Reclamation" Chakariyat Alienated 63 lease) (Service inam) Jungle Temporary 7 khatani • Govt. lessee Sarkari upiyogi 16 (of forest land) Lease Temporary 3 Nokariyat 3 Govt. lessee inami Sarkari bar- 3 pato Vethni 3 Sarkari 2 " kharaba (Go~i:. waste land) Sarkar Tempor:ary, sharati Govt. lessee (Conditional lease) 50 GUJA~AT LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE n Held from private prtFOns or With right of permanent, heri. With right of permanent and Mortgagees in pO$session. table. and transferable heritable possession but without possession right of transfer No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 3 2 3 2 3 GUJARAT STATE Grand Total 8760 231. 526 128 Kayami Permanent 1974 Sanrakshit 1,'rotected 342 Giro Mortgagee in 92 ganotia tenant ganotia tenant possession Ganotia 214 ~yami Pemanent 184 Sharti giro 10 kabjedar ganotia tenant .. Kabje gire 9 Kayami hakkni 100 Giro vechan 9 Santhni 9 shane kabjedar Kayamikhed 7 hakkni Kabja ganotni 6 Kayami patani 3 Kabjo ferfar 3 karvana hakkwali Vatsai kabjo rerfar kar wana hill wali Ganot malkini Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ordinary tenants paying filled produce rent' 2. No entry against category 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' 3. No entry against category 'Sub-tenants or tenants of &ub-tenants' 51 GUJARAT TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (Item I (ii) of the Schedule) Holding free of. rent or on Ordinary tenants paying Ordinary tenants paying rent Unclassified nominal rent in lieu of or fixed cash rent as' share of produce not in lieu of service No. of No. of No. of No. ()f Legal house- Legal house- Legal house houSe Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 6 3889 1489 412 Mandirni Alienated 4 Samanya Tenant 3024 Bhagthi Tenant 1407 Unspecified 360 - ganotia Gram tarafthi Condltiohill 2 Ganotia 227 Rokad bhag 29 Paisa apile- 31 (Hawdo lease dheli bharval (Service On cash rent 169 tenure) .. Adadhe bhage 18 P.atedar 79 Bijani maliki_ 5 Ryotwart 66, Cash share 13 sonthnt Paisa laine 5 Adane 48 Crop share_ 10 .. Ganot dharathi 3 Ryotwari 46 bakatrakheli ganotia Produce share .. 9 Danor! santhni 43 Sansthani 3 Pakao bhag 2 Santhna bhage 40 .. Kam chalou 3 Choth bhage sharte Santhni 36 .. Panjara poieni Dane 31 Baxis 1 Vighoti sharte 25 Uddhad 19 Ganot hakk 13 Bhade i, ~ Kabjedarno 7 ganotia Chalu. ganotia .. 4 2 Rokad " Marjina 2 khedut 52 GUJARAT LOCAL NAMES AND J..EGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Heldf'l'om private persons or With rig_ht of permanent, fieri With right of permanent and heri Mortgagees in possession table and transferable, - table possession but wit)1out possession right of transfer No. of • No. of No. of Legal house· _ Legal house- Legal house- St&.teID_istrict Local names terminology holds Local names terminolpgy holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 GUiARAT STATE ~(Tribal) Grand Total 3145 743 67 8 Kayami Permanent 637 Sanrakshit Protected f>7 Giro . Mortgagee in 7 ganotia tenant ganotia tenant ,Possession Ganotia 104 Kabje gire ... kabjedar Kayami patani .1 Kayami hakkni TABLE III Land leased-out to private GUJARAT STATE Grand Total 20'6 Kabjedar (751) Khatedar (177) Malikini (176) Juni sharat (75) Ryotwari (66) Butedar (11) Ret butedar (7) Parbdini Mandirni (1) Bhagthi (317) Samanya "sanot (106J Paisa laine (33) Bijane apeJi (32) Unspecified (28) Navisharat (11) Cash share (9) Eksali (7) Adadhe bhage (6) ·Sathe 'bhage (5) Produce share (5) On cash rent (5) Rokad (1) Bhaduti (1) Patedar (1) MafatKhedua apeli (1)-- _GUJARAT STATE . (Tribal) Grand Total 588 Kabjedar (383) Malikini (24) 'Ryotwari (20) Juni shar-at (1) Inam (1) Samanya ganot (50) Bijarte.apeli (31) Khevda apeli (2) Biji vayaktine (2) Kayami ganot (I) Bhadu_g (1) Patcdar (1) On cash rent (l) UnsP~ified (17) 53 GUJARAT TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND i1l8tituf,ions (Item I (ii) oj the Sc:hedule)-Concld. Holding free of rent or on Ordinary tenants paying Ordinary tenants paying rent Unclassified nominal rent in lieu of or fixed cash rent as share of _produce not in lieu of. service No. of No. of No. of No_of Legal house- Legal house: Legal house- house Loc.al names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 11'129 144· 251 Mandiroi Alienated 3 Samanya Tenant 1544 Bhagthi Tenant 99 Unspecified 215 ganotia Rokad.bhag 28 Paisa apli '27 ~notia 149 Iidheli Adadhe bhage 17 Patedar 76 Paisa laine 5 Ryotwari 46 Sansthani 3 -ganotia Baxis On.cash rent 42 Santhna bhage 39 Dane 2.5 Kabjedaro 7 ganotia Santhni .. 'person8 (Item 2 of the Schedule) Khalsa (2) Sarkari (I) Giro_(59) Giro malikini (3) Ohirel (1) Inam (19) Barkhali (4) Devasthan inam (3) Devasthan (3) Dharmada (1) Ganot (25) Santhe (20) Ganot pete bijane apeli'(15) Sanrashit ganotia (13) Crop share (13) Ganot hakkni (12) Khevda apeli (12) Bhade (3) Kanistha kabjedar (3) Peta pate (3) Kayami ganot (2) Dane (2) ~iji vayktine (2) Vighoti sharte (1) Crop-share bhadCl (1) Bhagthi (14) Ganot hakkni (12) Ganot "etc bijane apoli (9) Eksali (7) Adadne bhage (51 Peta pate (3) Kanistha' kabjedar (3) 54 JAMMU & KASHMIR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND. TABLE I Oumed or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heri Ryotwari holders with right of perinancnt and heri table and transferable possession including table possession but without or. limited right to lease right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 JAMMU & KASHMIR STATE Grand Total 7829 6691 410 Malkiati or Maikiat "Proprietor or Land 2767 Mustakil mauroosi Tiller 159 owner nakabil inti~!ll Mustakil mauroosi 1413 Nakabil intikal 55 (or Mauroos) kabil iutikal Khatme chakdhari 51 - Malkiati (or .Malkiat) 1226 Malkia( (or·Ma~kiat) 44 kabil inlikal .. nakabil intikal Malkiat mauroosi 451 Mauroosi nakabil 22 kabil intikal intikal Mauroosi kabil 306 Khatme chakdhari 15 iutikal ·nakabil intikal. Malkiat mauroosi 203 Irazi nakabil intl)cal 12 mauro.os Malkiati intikal 100. Shuda Malkia! mauroosi 12 nakabil intikal Mustakil mauroosi 47 Nautur nakabil 12 Malkiat irazi kabil 39 intikal - iutikal or Irazi ka " bi! intikal malkiati Malkiat khatme H chakdhari Kabil intikal 38 Nakabil intikal 6 Mauroosi 29 rukba 27 Kashtikar Mustakil " 4 Malkiat hakiat " 21 Bai nakabil intikal 3 Kharid kardha 6 Kha tme chakda,ri 2 .. mauroosi nakabil Bai kabil'intikal or 5 intikal ;1 Bai shuda kabil inlikal Bilmuktha nakabil intikal Kabil intikal 4 naqdi kasht Malkiati khatme chakdhari nakabil Malkiaii mustakil 3 intikal mauroosi Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but without 2. No entry against category 'Holders of special alienated~or other non·ryotwari tenures' 3. No entry against category 'Jhum cultivators;, 55 JAMMU & KASHMIR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURIt OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) ojth" Schedule) Conditional or temporary lessees or assignees Encroachers and trespassers Unclassified of Government land No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house house Local names terminolog"y holds Local names terminology holds Local names hOlds 2 3 2 3 2 616 52 60 ..tIl\]( .1.\"(ni.1' (''''-..tNm· I~tttffil:... NN KrrifI'"lI. najaiz 6ncroactl.ers Z6 KLIatme cLIakcfbari ti or Allot shuda kabiJ intikal rakba) nakabil Khal.sa nautul!-. 21 intikal naJliiz nakabll " intikal Irazi jo kunba ke zer 8 Khalsa sarkar 69 khasht hai or Sarkari khalsa,. Khalsa najaiz 4 nakabil intikal " Ohair mauIoosi 6 Pata par hasil kardha S9 kabil inlikal nakabil intikal Khal~a bila ijllzat .. nautuI < Mauroosi kabil 4 Khalsa .. SO bedakhli Pata par liyi huyi 44 Shamlat kabil intikal 3 Khalsa nakabil 36 Behisa nisfi 2 intikal Khalsa malkiati 2 Allot shuda 3S kabil intikal Tehat khalsa 33 Nautur kabillntikal 2 shamlat Naqdi allot shuda 2S kabil wapsi Allot irazi matroka rehan Allot shuda khalsa 18 nakabil intikal Mutsi! farm 1 Ghair mauroosj 18 Khalsa sarkar 5 mauIoosi ka.bU Khasajaiz 18 intikal Sarkari allotment 13 Khalsa mustakU 2 ka.bil intikal Arzi patadar 9 Nautur kabil '7 Nautur khalsa 9 i ntikal khalsa sarkar NakabiJ intikal allot 8 shuda naqdi Shamlat 8 Iraz.i nakabil int1kal 7 ahai! maUTOOS Khalsa nautuT 6 right to lease' 56 JAMMu & KASHMIR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES 'AND TABLE I Owned or held from t"¥ Go"er~ Ryotwari holders with'right of permanent, heri Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and--heri table and tranSferable possession including table !,ossession but without or limited right to lea~e right of transfer No. of _ No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names termiqology holds Local names .terminology _holds 2. 3 2 3 JAMMU & KASHMIR STATE! Mustkil·iraz.a kabil 'Proprietor or 2 intikl\l Land owner Kimtan bila tasdiq shuda - .. -0: Malkiati kabil intikal rukba Malkiat mustkil mauroosi kabil intikal Muzaria manroos 57 JAMMU & KASHMIR TENANCIES ACCORIUNG TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS {N.LAND ment (Item I (il of the 8ehedulel-Concld. Conditional or temporary 'lessees or assignees Encroachers and trespassers Unplassified of Goverinllent land No. of No. of No. of !:.egal - house Legal house house Local names terlll.inology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 Sarkari Pl\tadar 6 Khalsa sarkar allot 5 shuda Ghair mauroosi 4 nakabil intika! / Khalsa kabil 4 bedakhli Khalsa riautur I 4 nakabil intikal -Khalsa sarka r 4_ naka bi! intikal Allot 2 " Gha.ir mustakil 2 -Hisa bhatai 2 Jins bhatai 2 Naqdi t~eka kabil 2 waPSI Tabe manzoor 2 sarkar \ Arzi pata par hasil ki huyi " Ghair mauroosi Patttdar or kabil bedakhli \Varidar Ghair mustkil Patildar ~ nakabil intikal Irazi khalsa sarkar , I Irazi naqdi Nautur kabil bedakhli Nautur sarkar bila- lagan nakabil intikal Tbeka par • 58 JAMMU & KASHMIR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMmlOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private per8Qn8 or With right of permanent, heritable and With right of permanent and herItable • transferable possession possession but without right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house StatefDistrict )_ocal names terminolog:9- holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 'JAMMU & KASHMIR STATE Grand Total 2611 438 517 Mustkil mauroosi Occupancy 93 Mustakil mauroosi (or Protected 129 tenant Mauroos) nakabil tenant intikal (or Mustakil Mauroosi 88 mauroosi nakabil " intikal kabza) Mustkil muzaria (or 56 Muzaria mustkil) " Mehfooz muzaria (or 60 Muiaria mehfooz) " MustkiJ mauroosi kabil 44 intikal (or Mustkil Nautur .. 59 rriauroosi kabil intikal kasht) Nakabil wapsi kabza 42 lagan naqdi Irazi jisko malik wapis 26 nahe Ie sakta Bhatai gala mehfooz .. 40 Mauroosi kabil intikal 26 Nakabil intikal (or - 37 " Nakabil iptikal rukba) " Mustkil mauroosi naka- t, 25 bil wapsi kabja (or Mehfooz nakabil intikal 35 Mustkil mauroosi (or Muzaria mehfooz nakabil wapsi) nakabil intikal or Mehfooz muzaria :Bainama mustkil regis- 8 nakabil intikal) tered kabil intikal " .. Mauroosi (or Mouroos) 33 Mustakil irazi 8 nakabil intikal Mustakil kasht kabil II Muzaria mehfooz lagan 20 intikal ghala bhatai " Kabil intikal 5 Mehfooz muzana naqdi 18 bilmukta Mustakil kasht 5 " Mehfooz muzaria ghait 1~ Muzaria mauroos jinsi 5 mauroosi lagan Mauroosi ba iwaz 4 Kabja nakabil intikal 8 naqdi lagan " Must<;tkil kabil intikal 4 Mauroosi nakabil .. intikal kabza " Mustakil mauroosi 4 nakabil shamlat " Nakabal wapsi kabja ., 7 3 ghala bhatai par Irazi kabil intikal " 3 Kabil intikal hisa 5 bhatai par Mustakil naka bit intikal .. Note :-1. No entry against category 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' 2. No entry against category 'Sub·tenants or tenants 9f sub-tenants' 59 JAMMU ~ KASIIMI.B TENANCIES ACCORDING TO T~E NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAN;D institutions (Item 1 Cii) of the Schedule) Mortgagees in possession Holding fr~e ~f rent or on nominal rent In heu of or nof io lieu of service No. of No. of Legal house Legal Local names terminology holds house Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 18 5 Rehan Mortgagee in 8 Bakshaish Tenant holding free of 2 possession rent not in lieu of service Bai 4 Blla lagan Batur }krar bai 3 Bila lagan kabil wapsi Tenant holding free of 2 kabza rent in lieu of service Naqdi rehan 2 Ghirvi Ii huyj· 60 JAMMU & KASHMm LOC"AL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF. TE~URES AND TABLE ,II Held from'private""per8on,~ or With right of permanent, heritable and With right of permanent and heritable transferable possession -'- possession but without right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house StatelDistrict Local names terminology holds Local hames terminology holds 2 3 2 3 JAMMU & KASHMIR SlATE Malkiat Occupancy Mustakii mauToosi naka Protected tenant 5 tenants b11 intikal khature chakdhari MustakiI 3 " Nautur nakabil iotikal 5 Mustakil kabil kabza 3 .. intikal Muzaria mehfooz hisa 4 bhatai (or Mehfooz Mustkil mauroosi kabit 3 Muzaria hisa bhatai) intikal gala bhatai .. Mauroosi hisa batai 3 Kabil intikal kharid 2 nakabil intikal .. kardha .. Mustakil pate. per hasil 3 Kabil intikal naqdi 2 kiyi huyi .. kasht Muzaria. mehfooz ghala 3 Bai shuda kabil intikal bhatai " Intikal shuda Bai nakabil intikal .. 2 Kabza mustkil 1 Gbala bhatai mustakil 2 " mauroosi nakabil " MaurQos naqdi lagan .. in1likal Mustaki} mauroosl kabil 1 Muzania mehfooz naqdi 2 intikal hisa l?hatai " lag~n Muzaria mauroos .. Naqdi nakabil 2 Nautur mustaldl .,. Mehfooz kasht. mouroosi kabil " intikal Mustkil ·kasht nakabil 1 iotikal " 61 JAMMU &·'KASHMIR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (Item I (it) of the Sohedutel-Contd. Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of NO.bf Legal house- Legal house Local names terminolog¥ holds Local names terminology 'holds 2 3 2 3 62 JAMMU &:, KASHMIR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENWlES AND TABLE ll. Held from private persons or Ordinary tenants paying fixed co.sh rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State{District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 '3 2 3 JAMMU & KASHMIR STATE 247 34 Naqdi ghair matiroos Tenant paying 45 linsi ujrat par (or Jinsi Tenant paying fixed 18 fixed cash rent ujrat) rent in kind Irazi naqdi lagan par 35 Jinsi ghair mauroos 14 nakabit intikal Naqdi 31 linsi lagan 2 Naqdi ujrat (or Naqdi 17 ujrat par) Muzariat naqdi lagan par 17 Bilmukhta 16 Ghair mustakil nakabil 11 intikal naqdi kasht Ghair mauroosi ba iwaz 10 maliya naqdi Naqdi kasht (or Kashtkar 9 naqdi) " Irazi naqdi kabil wapsi 8 Ghair rnauroosi nakabil 6 intikallagan Ghair rnauroosi haqdi 6 bilmukhta 'Theka par nakabil 6 intikal Ghair rnauroosi 5 bilmukhfa tekha Kahil wapsi kabza laga.n 5 naqdj Malia 3 Muzaria ghair mauroosi 3 naqdi lagan naqdi 63 JAMMU & KASHMIR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (Item I (ii) oj the Schedule)-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of produce Unclassified No. of No. of Legal bouse house Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 1179 143 Ghair mauroosi nakabil Tenant paying 208 Mustakil mauroosi maa- 42 intkal share of lik bedakhal kar sakta produce hai Hisa bhatai or Bhatai 160 Mustki! mauroosi kabil 23 'wapsi ka bza Ghair mauroosi (or 91 Ghair mauroos) Mustakil mauroosi jo 20 malik wapis Ie ,akta Hisa bhatai ghair mau- 75 hai roosi (or Ghair mau- roosi hisa bhatai) Mustakil pata malik be- n . dakhal kar sakta hai Kabil bedakhli behisa 64 nisfi . Mehfooz kabi! intikal 12 Iraji jo maalik wapis Ie 59 sakta hai Custodian 10 Ghair mustkil nakabil 56 Zer kasth 6 intikal " Khalsa sarkar nakabil 5 Hisa bhatai par nakabil 50 intikal'rukba intikal " Ghair mauroosi kahil 4 Ghala bhatai (or Gala 46 intikal hisa bhatai or Hi~a gala bhatai or Jins hisa bhatai or Hisa bhatai Ghair mauroosi lagan 3 jinsi' or Gala bhatai khalsa sarkar jinsi or Jinsi ghala bhatai) Malkiati ghair mauroosi 3 Ghair mauroosi kasht 31 naka bil intikal Kabza arzi nakabil inti- 31 Ka bza mauroosi kabil kal bedakhli Ghair mauroosi ghala 29 Khalsa mustakil kahza bhatai " ka hi! intike.l 64 JAMMU &; KAMIR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from p/ivate per80t!$ or Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local I1llmes terminology holds Local names :erminology holds 1 2 3 :3 JAMMU & ,KASHMIR -STATE Theka. bilmukhta naka.bil Tenant paying 3 intikal fixed cash rent Naqdi lagan par 2 Them naqdi 2 Allcito arzi kabil wapsi lagan naqdi • Bilmukhta theka batur 1 maliya Ohair maUIOOS naqdi lagan Hisa bhatai naqdi Lagan par Nautur shamlat lagan kabil wapsi Naqdi mali. par " 65 JAMMU & 'KAElHMffi TENANCIES: ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND tnBtitut'on8 (l'tem I (ii) olthe 8chedule)-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of produce Unclassified No.o( No. of Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 Muzaria ghair mauroos Tenant ,paying 28 (or Mauroosi) share of produce KBshtikari (or Kashtkar) 25 Ghair mauroosi lagan 21 ghala bhatai Hisa (1/4) par. [ or Hisa. 21 bata.i (1/4) ] , Muzaria ghair mustkil 21 Pa.ta pa.r hasil shuda 20 allote Ghala bhata.i nakabil 18 intika.l " Ghair mauroosi kabil 12 bedakhli Ghair mustakil kabil 10 wapsi Ghala bhatai bilmukhta .. ' 10 Irazi jo paidawar ke hisa 10 ke iwaz Ii gaya he " Gala bhatai (1/3) 9 Ghair mauroos bhatai 7 nisfi Ghair mauroosi bl!. iwaz 7 gala bhata i 66 JAMMU & KASHMIR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND T ABLE II Held from private persons or Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent No. of No. of Legal house Legal , house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 1 2 3 JAMMU & KASHMIR STATE 67 JAMMU & KASHM.IR mNANCIES ACC()RDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHT§ IN LAND institutions (Item I (U) of the 8chedule)-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of produce Unclas~ified No. of No. of Legsl house hous~ {.oc8.1 names terminology holds Local names aoids 2 1 2 Kasat hisa bhatai Tenant pa.ying 6 share of produce (1/3) Hisa jinsi bhatai par 5 " Ghair mauroos jinsi hisa 4 bhatai Ghair mustakil mauroos 4 kabil wa.psi " Irzi ghair mauwo5i oaks- 4 bi! intikal .. Muzaria ghair mauTOOS 4 naka,bil intikal " Ga.!a bhataj hiss, (1/2) 3 wapsj kabza Ghair mauroosi bila bila .) lagan behisa gala " bhatai (1/2) Hisa jinsi bhatai par 3 Hisa. hhat~i (lf4} nakabil 3 in ti kal . Hisa nispi 3 Pata par hasil kiyi huyi .. '3 Ghair mauToosi 113ka bi! 2 intikal hisa bhatai " Ohair mustakil kasht gda bhatai 2 Iinsi ujrat par (1/4) 2 68 J,unm &; KASHlIIR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TAB~ n Held from private per$On8 or Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rell' Ordinary tenants payiug fixed produce rent No. of No. of Legal house house State/District Local names termillOlf)~ holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 JAMMU & KASHMIR STATE TABLE III Land uased-owto private .lAMMU& KASHMIR STATE Grand Total .73 Must.kit mauroosi kabil intikal (or Mustakil mauroosi kabil intikal kabm) (132) Ma.lkiat (or MaIkiati) kabil Mauroosi kabil intika.l ( or Ja.di wa.rasat kabil intikal) (37) Rukbo. malkiati kabil intikal (or Malkiati kabil shuda kabiI intikal (7) MaIkiat hisa bhatai (or Malkiati baiwaz his a bhatai) (7) MaIkiati (or Malkiat) kabil ka~ht par diyi huyi (5) Malkiati naqdj maliya (5) Malkiati jinsi ujrat par (4) Malkiati kabil intikal theka plJoi, intikaI) (4) Malkia.t musta)dl bedakhli (3)' Mauroosi hisa bhatai (3) Mustakil mauroosi nakdi malik tabdil )car intikal hisa bpatai 1/2 (2) MaJkiati kabil intikal lagan (2) Mauroosi naqdi lagan par (2) Mustakil mayroosi hI hisa bhatai (1) Malkiati bhatai 1/4 (1) Malkiati irazi (1) Malkiati kabil intikal jinsi theka (1) Manroosi Mustakil (1) Mustakil mauroosi bilmukhta naqdi theka nakabil wapsi ka.bza (1) Mustakil mauroosi jis ~' malik Ilukba malkiati kabil intikal hisa bhatai (1). Malkiat mehfooz muzar;a (19) MauIoosi nakabil intikal (18) ;:Nakabil (5) Rehan (4) Jinsi ujrat nakabil intikal (3) Naqdi reha (3) Allot rukba rehan (2) Muzaria mehfooz hisa bhatai lntikal algan (1) Malkiat nakabil intikal (1) Mustakil mauroosi gala bhatai nakabil intikal . (1) Mustakil mauroosi (or Risa bhatai par diyi gayi) (57) Gair mauroosi (or Ghair mauroos) (41) Ghala bhatai" par (or Gala bhatai or I bhatai,par 1/4) (16) Kash~ par diya hua rukba (or Kast par diyi huyi or Batur kasht) (16) Naqdi gair mauroos (15) lagan par (10) Jinsi bhatai hisa 1/3 (6) Naqdi (or Naqdi surat mai (6) Intikal shuda bedakhli (5) Kabza aIzi kabil roosi nakabal (or Nakabil) intikal (3) Risa bhatai gair mauroosi (3) Joo malik wapsi Ie sakta hai (3) Kasht par paidawar ke hisa ke iwaz de gai hai (2) Bakshish (2) Batur iqrar bai (2) Bilmukhta (2) Custodian baiwaz hisa bhatai kiat ghair mauroosi (2) Mustakil mauroosi jis ko malik wapis Ie sakta hai (2) Mustakil mauroosi kabil wapsj Gair mauroosi behisa gala batai (1) Gair mauroosi bila lagan (1) Gair mauroos; theka (1) Gair mustakil (I) Gala Jinsi lagan (1) Jinsi ujrat par 1/4 his& (I) Maliya par (1) Mustikal mauIoosi kabil wapsi hisa bh~tai (1) Nakabil mazdoor (1) 69 JAMMU & KASHMIR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NA';l'URE OF RIGHTS IN LAND in8titutiOn8 (Item I (ii) of tlte Sche~ule)-Ooncld. Ordinary tenant~ paying rent as share of produce Unclassified No. of No. of Legal house , bouse Local n&mes terminology holds Local names hol 2 3 2 Kabil bedakhli hisa bha- Tenant pa.ying t tai share of produce Ghair mauroosi hisa batai gals (1/3) " Ghair m&uroosi nakabil intikal gala bhstsi Kabil wapsi " Khatme chakdhari hiss (1/4) par Muzariat ghals bhatai Shamlat nakabil intikal Zeri kasht ghair mauroosi per80ns (Item 2 o.f the Schedule) intikal hiss bhatai (71) Malkiat mauroosi kabil intikal (or Rukba mauroosi kabit intikal) (58) Malkiati (57) intika\) (33) Kabil intikal (27) Mauroosi (26) Mustakil mauroosi gala batai malik tabdil kar sakta hai (8) Bai intikal gala ( or Ghala ) batai ( or Bhatai ) (7) Malki9.t (or Malkiati) mauroosi (or Jadi warasat malkiati) (7) Jinsi naqdi (4) Mustakil mduroosi nakabil wapsi kabza (4) Mustakil malik kabil intikal (or Malkiat mustakil kabil sakta hai (3) Pata par liyi gayi malkiat naqdi (3) Rukba. mustakil mauroosi kabil intikal his a. bhatai (3) :iKabil ghala bhatai (or Mustakil mauroosi gala bhatai par) (2) Pata par Iiyi gai malkiat iinsi gala bhatai (2) Kabil inti behisa gala batai (1) Mauroosi kabil intikal naqdi ujrat (1) Mauroosi mustakil ka.bil intikal gala batai (1) wapis nahin Ie sakta (1) Mustakil muiaria (1) Muzaria mauroosi nakdi (1) Mazaria mauroosi naqdi kemal (1) wapsi kabza lagan naqdi ujrat pat (10) Risa bhatai par kasht muzaria mehfooz (9) Kabza arji nak"abil intikal (2) Muzria mehfooz lagan gala batai naqdi (2) Nakabil bedakhli (2) Gala bhatai nakabil intikal (1) Irazi nakabil nakabil intikal (I) Nakabil intikal (1) Risa bhatai (or Risa bhatai par or Risa batai or Risa bhatai par diyi huyi Risa bhatai gala or Gala bhatai par diyi huyi) (38) Kabil wapsi gala bhatai par (19) Risa bhatai 1/4 (or Risa Jins bhatai hisa 1/2 (11) Mauroosi kabil bcdakhli hisa nisfi (11) Allot shuda khalsa nakabil intikal (10) Naqdi bedakhli (5) Naqdi ujrat (or Naqdi ujrat par) (5) Patadari (5) Khalsa sarkar allot shuda (4) GaiT (or Ghair) mlm diyi gai irazi (3) Khalsa sarkar nautur (3) Malkiat nakabil intikal (3) Arzi pata .par io malik wapis Ie sakta hai (2) Ghair mustakil kabil intikal (2) Irazi gala batai (2) Jinsi ujrat hisa bhatai (2) Jinsi ujrat par diyi hai (2) Mal kabza (2) Mustakil mauroosi nakabil intikal (2) Nakabil intikal hisa bhatai (2) Naqdi maliya par (2) Parooqat kardah (I) bhatai 1/2 wapsi kabza (1) Risa bhatai par nakabil bedakhli (1) rrazi lagan hisa bhatai (1) Irazi lagan naqdi (I) intika1 allotment hisa 1}2 (1) Naqdi bilmukbta (1) Naqdi kasht (1) Naqdi rakam par farooq ki hai (1) Ujrat par 70 KEULA. LOC~ NAMES OF TENURES AND TENANCIES TABLE I Owned or held from the Government '(Item 1 (i) of tke Sckedule) Local names No, of Sta~e/Distrj ct of tenures hO!lseholds '2 KERALASTATE Grand Total 90205 90205 Pandarapattom 66400 Kanom 3856 Pandaravaka verum- 1150 pattom, Pandaravaka 991 Pandaravaka ottj_ 852 Pandaravaka kanom 62 Jenmom 7579 lnam 298 Puravaka 66 Kudijenmom 2562 Kandukrishi 3~6 Karamozhi vi 3 Edavaga 3 K uthakapattom 5731 Mulwarg 260 Government licence 28 , Hosagamc 8 Adhikaramvaka otti 2 Pandaravaka kuthaka· pattom Unclassified 17 71 -LOCAL NAMES OF TENURES AND TENANCmS T AiJLE II Held from private fersontJ or institutioTls (1 tern I (ji) of the Schedule) No. of Local names househOlds State/Dlstrict of tenures KERALA STATE 12 Grand Total 40939 40939 Verumpattom 7410 Venpattom 7238 Cultivating verumpatt(lm 1302 Customary verumpattdm 497 -l'a:t'-Cl:ll\ 'ili'i't Kanam 3131 KuzQikanom • j 1964 Kanoin ~u.~hikilnom 44 Pandarvaka kanom 12 Pandaravaka kcinapattom 1 Mulgeni~ 22 Vaidegeni 6 Arwar 4 KudijenDlikaram 1 Varom 6563 Cna)geni -;'';:,\> O\ti '4713 Patta otti 489 Ku.7).J.ikanaJll otti 51 Devaswam 'Otti 35 Ura otti 10 Sreepandaravaka otti 8 Kana otti 2 'K~ridukrishi oi~f 1 Ottikanom 1 Jenmikarom otti' Kaivasapanayam 41 MaraYapattom 39 Manipattom 27 Sree pandaravaka 814 Sreepadomv.a~ 89' Inam 73 Karanma 57 Sreepandara vakapattom Kuthuviruthi konapattOm 'I Punam cultivation or 168 Punam krishi *Kudikidappu 98 Kudiyirippu 9 Unclassified 14 J .. t it t; ... ,s...... , , " + ·KUdikidaj,p~ 1s not a regular tenure in the strict sense of the term but only a nOD-cvictable hutment-(!wollin,. 72 MADHYA. PRADESH LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders witb right of permanent,. h~ Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heri table and transferable possession but without' table possession but without or limited right to lease ' right of transfer 'No. of No. of Legal , house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds, 2 3 2 3 MADHYA PRADESH STATE Grand Total 48802 37631 9418 Bhumiswami Bhumiswami 17809 Bhumiswami Bhumiswami 5885 Bhuswami -- 5069 Bhuswami 539 Bhumidhari or 717 Bhumidhari or 449 Bhumi dhar or Bhudhllri Bhudhari Pacca krishak: 2260' Swayam bhuswami 7 I Pattedari 5 Pacca krishak 7857 Khudki J Maurusi 2377 Kharidi prapt or J Pattcdar or 743 Kharidgai Pattcdari Maurusi Pattedar kasht Maurusi reg me Patte ki or 843 Pattepar or Sarkar se prapt 145 Pattedwara prapt or Patta.or Patta Samil 53 ki jamio.or Patta se Bhai batwara 22 Pattedar bhuswami Batwara or Batw.are 9 ~e prapt Sarkar se prapt or 646 Sarkar se Apsi bikri 8 Sarkar se prapt 230 Bikri 6 pacca krishak Jot ki jamin 6 Sarkar se prapt 197 bhuswami or Apsi batwara 5 Sarkar se prapt bhumiswami Bhai hissa or 5 Bhai hisse ki Sarkari 61 iamin Rayat pattedar or 246 Bhurajswa se 3 Raiyat patte ki or Raiyat patta Nilam me kharidi 2 Shashki pattedari or 10 Pita se hissa 2 Sbashiya pattepar or Sarkari pattepar Hissa batai or Sarkari patta Khatedar 222 Kimatper I, Note:-l. No entry' against_c_;ttegory 'Ryotwari holders w_ith right of permanent, heritable an~ tr-ansferable .p'ossess!~~, includ- 2. No entry against category 'Jhum cultivators' 73 MADHYA PRADESH TENANCIES ACCORDING TC) THE NATURE OF RIGHT~ IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Scheq,ule) Holders of special alienated or Conditional or'temporary lessees Encroachers and. trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures o~ assignees of Government land No. of No. of Noo'of N"o. of Legal house- Legal houSe- . Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local nal1les holds I 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 55 815 638 245 Gram nankar Service lantl -28 Sadharan Govt. lessee ~80 A-tikramak or Encroachment 227 Ugad 62 or Gaon holder krishak (Ordinary Atikraman nankar or tenant) or'Atikriman Bilalagan reg 13 Gaon ki nokri 'ki Gair hakdar Govt. lessee 279 Bila ijajat 131 Binalagan 6 Kotwari or 12 Gair maurusi 84 Anadhikar or LOO Gair patte Kotwari hak Andhikirat ki or Kotwari Sarkari jamin 48 or Adhikar jamin mali rahit Unclassified 156 Dan me or Bhoodan 27 Sarkar mafi 5 Dan se prapt lessee Anyakaranti 74 Supurdgi 7 khidmat \ or Dan par or Dan ki Nejayej kasht 44 Chowkidari 3 bhumi or or Nazayej Dan se (or Na:zaya) Uphar swarup kabja or (Bina muab- Bhumidan 24 Nazayej ja) dharak or Bhudan Beja kasht 24 Sewa chakri dharak or " Bhudan or Navtod jamin 17 Sewa bhumi Bhumidan or Navtod 5e prapt or Shashan se Bhumidan Beja (or Beza) 13 prapt chow- or Bhudan kabja kidari se prapt Abedh adhi- 3 Gram sewak 1 Special lease Govt. lessee 14 patya bhnmi Kotwari gram Van vibhag 13 Jabran kabja noukar ka kabja' kame ki Nazayej gbas sliartpar kijamin Sewa khateki 16 Encroachment Ganchar " Asthai pattedar " 7 Bejarasta Asthai patte- 2 Sarkari najayaj par krishak kabja or Asthai pattepar prapt Van vibhag- 8 dwara prapt " ' Lease ing'right to lease' 74 MADHYA PRADESH LOCAL NAMES' AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES,AND TABLE I Owned or held I!0m the Go'!B"" Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession but without possession but without -or limited. right to lease right of transfer No. of No. of Legal bouse Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 MADHYA PRADESH STATE Mall or Mali se or Bhumiswaml 122 loami Bhumiswami Mali ki or Mali - par ~Nijijamin Inamjnmin Bhai se Mali devasthan 10 Ram mandir se or Devsthan Hakk ki jamin or 33 Hakdar Malik or Malkint .. 3 Niji kashtkari .. 90 Shamil se .. Bikri or Bikri se or h 55 Bikri se prapt Apsi bikei or Apsi 6 bikri se Patlal araji 51 Bhai batwara .. 22 Apni or Apne hissa 42 ki Khudkast or 36- Khud Ustkar .. Jot ki jamiO or 17 Jot ki jamin bhumiswami Dakhil kabja 14 Pateti 12 '":: Kabji kashatkat 11 Apsi batwara 24 Batwara se prapt ". 2 or Batwara Bagdur 6 5 Malld makbuja " 75 MADHYA PRADESH TENANCIES ACCQ~OING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment '([tem I '(i) of the Schedule)_,Contd. "- Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees Encroache IJl and trespassers Unclassified othel' non-rYotwari tenures or assignees of Government land No. of No. of , No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local naines terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 Anudan se Govt. lessee_ prapt Bandan nagdi se Gaon ki charwahi jamin Shamlat .. 1 76. MADHYA PRADESH ':' { LOCAL NAMES'AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF '1:'E;f\lURES AND T ABLE I .own ed in .held from the Govern , Ryotwari holders with right of.pennan~nt. heri.:. Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heri table and transferable possessionrb'l1t witI!'tiu1'i table possession but without or limited right to ,lease right of t~ansfer • .... No. of No, of Legal house- - Legal house Statej_District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 2 3 MADHYA PRADESH STATE Bhurajswa se 01' Bhumiswami Bhurajswa- Benchi 4 Kharid ki prapt Khudka Pachpanpetalis 3 Kabij - 2 Dahejuphar 2 Rajistri bikri 2 Paoti jarnin or 2 Paoti se prapt .. Punyapar or 2 Punyame " Kabje varsi 2 Petrik Raiyat Pariwar ki shamil Shamil kharid 1 Soya khatedar Pita se prapt Nazrana sarkar ko .. -1 dekllt ~andir ki jamln Deosthan ki bhumi (Puja kame kc badle) Patnjdwara prapt 77 MADHYA PRAPESH TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN. LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedu7e)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or COnditional or temporary fessees Encroachers arid trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures 'br assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of Ugal house- Legal nouse- Legal No. of house LOcal names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology house Local names holds holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 78 MADHYA PRADESH LOCAL NAMES AND t£GAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENU:Q.ES AND TABL,ll: I Owrjea cW held from Ihe Govern, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable Ryotwari holders with right Qf permanent, heritable and transferable possession but without possession but without Qr limited right right to lease of transfer . No. of No. of Legal house Legal· house Stat$/District Local names terminology hQlds Local names terminQiojp' holQ~ 1 2 3 2 3 MADHYA' PRADESH STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 9703 9C18 Bhumiswami Bhumiswami 5885 Bhuswami 539 Bhumidhari or Bhudhari 449 Pacca krishak 2260 ·Pattedari 5 Khudki Kharidi prapt or Kharidgai 3 Maurusi Maurusi reg me Sarkar se prapt 145 Samil 53 Bhai batwara 22 Batwara or Batware se prapt 9 Apsi bikri 8 Bikri .. 6 Jot ki jamin 6 Apsi batwara 5 Bhai hissa or Bhai hissa ki jamin J ',1 Bhurajswa se 3 l'\i:am me kharidi 2 Pit a se hissa .. 2 Hissa batai Kimatpar lnami .. Niji jamin Bhai se Ram mandir se 79 MADH:YA ,PRADESH 'FENANcms ACCORDING TO 'rUE N~TURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedult)-Concld. Holders of special alienated or Conditional ot tempJrary lessees Etlcfoachers and trespassers Unclassified other nOD-ryotwari tenures or assigrtees Of Government lapd No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 10 63 I71 41 Gram naukar Service land- 4 Sadharan Govt. lessee 22 Anya karanti Encroachment 43 Bilalagan 13 hOlder krishak reg Chowkidari ~ Asthaia patte- 7 Najayaj kasht 38 Bina lagan '6 '\ dar .. SCWa khate ki Atikraxnak 33 Unclassifie13 22 Sarkari jamio Beja kasht 24 Sewa bhumi Dan se orDan 9 me or Dan Adhikar rahit 14 Gram sevak -I Ie prapt Beja kabja 7 Van vihhag- Forest land 8 .. 4 dwara prapt Bila ijajat " Van vibhag Govt. lessee 13 Atikraman t. 2 ka kabia karne ki Navtod jamin 2 shartpar .. Sarkari naja- Sbamlat 3 yaj kabja .. Nazayaj shas ,", 1 kijamin 1 Encroachment " 1 Bejarasta " 80 MADHyA PRADESH LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TA6LE II Held from private per80ns or Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on Ordinary tenants paying fixed nominal rent in lieu of or cash rent not in lieu of service No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- "\ Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 MADHYA PRADESH STATE Grand Total 1878 . 198 22 1969 Rahan or Mortgagee in 138 Bila lagan or Occupancy 16 Nagdi or Occupancy 1145 Rahanpar possession BHa lagani tenant Nagdi se or tenant or Rabal5:se Nagdi par Sewa bhurni 3 14 Rahan ka -.25 Nagdi jins or .. Puja ki jamin 1 Jins nagdi kabja or Nagdi 11 Puja se Rahannama " Lagan or 271 Girvi or-Girvi 12 Fuja pethe Lagan se or Lagani PC se Lagan par Gahan 8 prapt 2 Reg nagacii or 452 Apsi girvi Reg or Regha Nagdi girvi or Regaha or Reg par 'Apsi bikri 52 girvi Munafe se or Manafa Jama se Shade se 12 Tauji se 20 Nagdi theka 2 Note :-1. No entry against category 'With right of permanent, heritable and .transfe~able pos~ession·. 2. No entry against c,ategory 'With right of pc:rmanent and he~itabl.e possession but without right of transfer' 3. No entry against category 'Crop-shJlrers without tenancy TIghts 81 MADHYA P~ADES:a: TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS-IN LAND' institutions (Item I (i~) of the Schedule) Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent as Sub-tenants or tenanfs of Unclassified produce rent share of produce sub-tenants No. of No. of No. of No.pf Legal house- Legal house Legal house- house Local names terminology" holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Loca1 names holds 2 3 2 3 J 2 3 2 183 452Z" 687 297 Theka or Occupancy 148 Ardh batai Of Occupancy 2410 Shikmi or Occupancy 482 Unclassified 92 Thekedari tenant Adh batai tenanL .Sikmi or tenant or Thekepar or 112 batai Shikmi se Beja kabja 54 or Theka se or Adhiya or or Beza Adhia or Up krishik or 205 kabza lins ardh Up krishak lins or lins 22 batai or Reg-,. Majduri or 35 par or linsi adhiya or Majdurise Of Jinse Adhi panti or Adha or Beja kasht 21 Shikmi batai linsi theke par 8 112 se Navtod jamin 22 1 or Navtod lins batai or 1898 Bhuagam 5 linsi batai " Aneya lagan 14 dane par or Batai or se prapt Batai se or Galla .batai Anadhikar 11 or Batai se kabja prapth Of Pasal batai Amli par 11 Qr Batai se mal Rishtedari se 9 prapt 1/3 batai or 117 Tihai batai Nazayaj jamin 5 or 1/3 batai se or Tihai Rishtedar se 5 batai se Dusre se prapt 4 1/4 jins batai 59 or 1/4 batai Sarkari navtod 2 se or 1/4 batai Bandha 2 213 bataij Bila ijajat 2 Muft se prapt',. 2 314 batai " 116 batai 1 lirat ki shas- 2 kiya..!agan Bhaoli or Jins 14 bhaoli Amalpar 2 Lease par .. 17 Anyasthan par Mahetane se 3 Anya logo se Nagd batai prapt 82 MADHYA PRADESH LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TE~MINOLOGY OF T~NURES AND TABLE II Held from private perSOnB or Holding free of rent or on nominal Ordinary tenants paying fixed rent in lieu of or not in lieu of cash rent service No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house. StatefDistrict Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local' names terminology holds 2 3 1 2 2 3 MADHYA PRADESH STATE (Tribal) - Grand Total, 1753 39 6 460 Rahan or Mortgagee in 31 Bila lagan or Occupancy 3 Nagdi or Occupancy 320 Rahanpar possession Bila lag;ani tenant Nagadi or tenant or Rahan se Nagdi par or Sewa bhumi 3 Nagdise Rahan nama s_ .. Lagan or 78 Girvi 2 Lagan par " or Lagan se Nagdi girvi Reg or Regha 9 Munafese or 24 Munafa or Munafapar Tauii 5e 13 Bhade 5e 12 2 Nagdi theka " Jamase Nagdi jins TABLE m Land leased-oul to private MADHYA PRADESH STATE Grand Total 3480 Dan or Dan sc or Dan me (10) Adh batwara (9) Apsi bikri (8) Bikri (5) Bhai batwara (4) Apsi batwaL!l~3) Pachpanpeta'; (J) Rahan (48) GiIV; (9) Gahan (3) Dan me di gai (1) Batai (697) Adh batai (682rBatai Reg (38) Tiha: tat a' (33) 1/3 bata; (32) Ardh bala; par (31) Regter (26) Nagdi lagan (22) Re~ha (22) Nagd: j'ns (12) 1/2 balai par (11) Adhiya batai (IO) 1/3 panti par (10) Jama se (9) Jins (9) The a par (9,) Vivodgrast (6) N'!"m batai (6) Fasal batai par (5) 2/3 batai (4) Amli par (4) Shikmi lagan -{ ) l/Zjins batai (2) Tisr; batai (2) Bhu agam se (2) Janji se (2) Mahantane par (2) Anya ko di gai (Zr Adhiya Bare harke ke bata; se (1) Apsi balai (1) Bhare par (I) Nankar name par (1) Thekadari (I) labran (1) MADHYA PRADESH STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 690 Apsi bikri (7) Bikri (2) Apsi batwara (2) Batwara (I) Inami Be (1) Bhatiji leo hisse me diya (1) Bhai kb di Adh batai (38) Tehai batai (30) Shikmi (ZI) Munafe se ,(19) Adhiya (13) Upkrishak (13) Khat par (IZ) lagan par (6) Nagdi bhade se (6) 1/4 batai (5) Lagan se (5) Batai par di gai (5) Bila lagan (4) Munafe Theka par (2) Bhu agam 5e (2) Jama nagdi par (2) linsi ka chotai (1) 1/4 batai se (1) Jabran (I) Galla aUT batai (1) Unclassified (13) 83 MADHYA PR!DESH TENANCmS ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND' institutions (Item 1 (ii) of the &hedule) ConoId. Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent as Sub-tenants or tenants of Unclassified produce rent share of produce sub-tenants No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house house Local Dames terminology holds -';"ocal names t,erminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 i 2 22 834 2S4 138 Jinsi or Jinse Occupancy 12 Ardh batai or Oceupancy 388 Shikmi Occupancy 184 Beja kabja or 54 or Jins par tenant Adh batai or tenant tenant Beza kabza or Jins 1/2 batai or Adhiya or Up krishik 70 Unclassified 21 Theka or 5 Adh batai se Thekepar or Adha Beja kasht 21 Bhuagam 5 Batai or Batai 373 Navtod jamin 22 dane par se orBatai or Navtod par or Jins batai Anadhikar ka bja 11 1/3 batai or 28 Nazayaj jamin 5 1/3 batai se Sarkari navtod 2 1/4 patai or 13 1/4 batai se Bandha 2 Bhaoli or Jins 11 bhaoli Lease par 17 Mahetane se 3 Nagd batai pel'80n8 (Item 2 of the Schedule) Batwaca (3) loami (2) Patta ki jamin (2) Bhumiswami (1) Putco kodiga' (1) Bhatiji ko hisse me diya (-1) Bhai kodi jamirr (1) par (319) 1/2 batai (283) Nagdi (265) Adhia (191) Theka (104) Shikmi (58) Munafe se (58) Nagdi par (50) Jins batai (48) LagMf.(48) Khat se (18) 1/4 batai (17) Galla batai (17) Upkrishak (14) Shikmi nagdi (13) Theka nagdi (13) Khot par (12) Nagdi batai (12) Jins par (8) Shikmi jins batai (8) Janji (7) Nagdi reg (7) Shikmi batai (7) Bih lagan (7) Nagdi bhade se (6) Batai lagan par (6) khand (3) 1/2 jins batai se (3) Ritan se (3) Supurdgi (3) 1/2 batai mal (2) Jins adh batai se (2) Jama nagdi par (2) Nagdi aur theka (2) Reg par (2) Regu (2) Theke se (2) 1/5 batai [I) Batai regha [I) Jinsi ka chotai (I) Nagdi theka (1) Nagdi munafe se (1) Khot (1) Adhi galla batai (1) Mandir ke pujari ko diya gaya (1) Regh (1) BhaoIi (1) Mazduri (1) Theka pacca (1) Unclassified (34) jamin (1) Rahan par (2) Dan me di gai (1) Girvi (1) Batai (99) Batai par (67) Adhbatai se (57) Ardh batai (55) Batai se (43) Nagdi (42) 1/2 batai (12) 1/3 panti par (to) Nagdi par (10) Nagdi batai,se (10) Theka nagdi (8) Nagdi se (7) Theka (7) Neem batai (6) Batai par (4) Lagan (3) Reg (3) Jins pa-r (3) Jins (3) Nagdi lagan,se (3) Nagdi reg (3) 1/3 batai [3) Mehantane par (2) Nagdi jins (2) batai(l) Adhiya se (1) Jinsbataipar(l) Munafa (1) Bhare.par(1) Tanjise(l) V}yadgrast (1) Japlase (1) Shikmibatai (1) Nagdi 84 iMA,DRAS LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY'OF TENURE~AND 'TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari h~lders with right of permanent, Holders of special alienated or other non heritable and transferable possession ryotwarr tenures including right to lease_ No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds. Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 MADRAS STATE Grand Total 79029 63197 13787 Ayan Ryotwari 22898 Jameen Zamindari lanll or Estates 301 pattedar Inam Inam tenure 1331 AYlfn patta 52 -" Jahir inam 1098 Ryotwari 15357 Shrotrium 327 Patta 13469 Quit rent 35 Sontham 4876 R.R. varikuraippu 27 Sontha nilam 365 Major inam 6 Sontha patta 137 Minor inam 3 Ammani 1524 Koilumbatom 4 Pannai 104 Umbalam Thanner pannai 20 '" Maniyam Inam tenure (Generally attached 98 Sarkar settlement 40 with service to village commu- " nity) 'Bought in land sale Manibam 7 Joint patta 2 Thod maniyam 6 Own 2 Maniyam inam Miras or Mirasdar 4347 Sarva maniyam Inam tenure (Assessment free) 2 Document ""Secured by 3 registered Kanthayam Service inarn 91 documenT Sarkar inam 22 Service marn 1 Grama uUa inarn Bramathaya inam ReJigious in am Janmam or Janmi Property with absolute right 10421 Pathivu Janmam registered in one's 1 name Udama avakasam Janmain owned 1 Virkirayam Perpetual lease 1 ,Note :-1. No entry agains't category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possessiOn but 2. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable possession but without or limited 3. No entry against category 'Jhum cultivators' . 85 MADRAS TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule) Conditional or temporary lessees or Encroachers and trespassers assignees of Government land No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 478 1567 Sarkar or Govt. lessee 318 Sivajima Encroachment 698 Government Puthuvalor 163 Pandaravahai 87 Puduval pattam " Akranippu or 148 Sarkar nilam 20 Akramanam Sarkar kuthahai 3 Porampoku 133 Darkast Govt. grant 29 Sarkar tharisu 130 Kuthagai pattam Grant subject to 11 Government 126 condition miscellaneous " Condition patta 2 Sarkar sivajima 58 Ayan jeevana Ryotwari enjoy 2 msam ment till life Encroachment 57 Jeevanamsam 2 Porampoku 14 akramanam Bhoodan or Donated land 4 Poothanam distributed by [Bhoodan or Bhoodan Yajna Sarkar porambo- 4' Boothanam Board khu (Bhoodan)] Memo 1 Sarkar or Encroachment of 35 Anatheenam an assessed waste land without right to lease' right of transfer' 85 MADRAS :RMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ~LE I Owned or held from the Govern ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule) , special alienated or other non Conditional or temporary lessees or Encroachers and trespassers ryotwari tenures assignees of Government land " No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Legal house- terminology' holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 13787 478 1567 1':amindari lan~ or Estates 301 Sarkar or Govt. lessee 318 Sivajima Encroachment 698 Government Inam tenure 1331 Puthuvalor 163 1098 Pandaravahai 87 Puduval pattam " " 327 Akranippu or 148 35 Sarkar nilam 20 Akramanam 27 Sarkar kuthahai 3 Porampoku 133 6 3 Darkast Govt. grant 29 Sarkar tharisu 130 / 4 11 126 Kuthagai pattam Grant subject to Government " " condition miscellaneous lam tenure (Generally attached 98 2 with service to village commu Condition patta nity) Sarkar sivajima 58 Ayan jeevana Ryotwari enjoy 2 " 7 msam ment till life Encroachment 57 6 Jeevanamsam 2 Porampoku 14 akramanam Bhoodan or Donated land 4 am tenure (Assessment free) 2 Poothanam distributed by [Bhoodan or Bhoodan Yajna Sarkar porambo- 4' Service inam 91 Boothanam , Board khu (Bhoodan)] 22 Memo 1 Sarkar or Encroachment of 35 Anatheenam an assessed Re,Iigious inam waste land 'roperty with absolute right 10'421 ranmam registered in one's name Janmam owned Perpetual lease Ie and transferable possession but without right to lease' ble possession but without or limited right of transfer' 86 MADRAS LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES Al'TD TABLE II Held from private peT8on8 Of' With right of permanent, heritable and Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal transferable possession rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminologY holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 MADRAS STATE Grand Total 20856 152 2897 297 Kudivaram Tenants with 94 Othi Mortgagee in 2527 L. R. C. S. Land Recla- 97 right of possession pangu nilam mation occupancy Coopera- Bogyam 2.62 tive Society lruvaram Ownership con- 54 Mortgage 52 land sisting of both meJwaram and Saswatha 21 Manyam Inam 152 kudiwaram anuboga rights pathyam Kovil manyam 31 Kanapattam Absolute right 4 ,Anubogam 8 of ownership Manyam lnam 2 on payment of Eravali 6 jenmikaram anuboga to jenmi pathyam Kovil inam 6 Eadu 6 Manibam 6 Anuboga 2 pathyam Thevathaya Adamanain 6 inam Sutha bogyam Devadayanam ," Benthaham 1 Ooliamanyam Swathina adamanam Swathinam 4 Note :-1. No' entry against category 'With right of perma'nent and heritable possession but without right of transfer' 2. No entry against category 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' 3. No entry against category 'Sub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants' 87 MADRAS TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (Item I (U) of the Schedule) Ordinary tenants paying fixed Orcinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent cash rent pro:luce rent as share of produce I No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology' . bolds 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 7624 4239 5647 Kutbabai Tenant 6986 Pat~om Tenant 3665 Waram Tenant 5534 Kattukuthahai ~l " Pangu .. 330 Sariwaram .. 44 Panam 75 " Tenancy 217 Swamibogam 29 rights Of Lease 27 Kudiansi- " thira tham- Warakuthahai 28 som " Rokkaku- 2 thahai " Pattawaram 19 Ulavadi- .. 4 .. pathyam Marayapattom 2 " Patta1<:attu- 4 Pothuvaram 3 kuthahai " " 'ilah:ul)uddi- 1 kuthahai Patbadaippu;' 3 Kaiyerwaram 2 samudre " " Thanyakutba- Alwaram hai " .. Melwaram .. Porakudi TABLE III La·,~d leased· out to private persons XItern 2 of the Schedule) MADRAS SfATE Grand Total 3090 Othi (725) Bogyam (62) Adamanam (9) Eadu (4) Benthaham (2) Co. operative Bank adamanant(l) Panayam (1) Kuthahai (1103) Waram (785) Pattom (315) Pangu (31) Pangu murai (17) Kattukuthahai (15) Sariwaram (9) Panam (4) Adamanam made over (2) Allwaram (2) Sub-lease (2) Ulavadai (1) 88 ,MAHAR"ASHTRA LOCAL NAMES AND L~AL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE. I Owned or held from,the Gove't"fl. Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable possession but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local ~ames terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3' 2 3 MAHARASHTRA STATE Grand Total 103837 96225 4600 Mal!\k or Malkicbi'or Occupant (Old 31037 Bhumidhari Bhumidhar 3343 ' lamin mala',;. . tenuye) Kabjedar or Kabjedar 30230 Kabil kashtkari 5 malkichi or Malak bhumidhari kabjedar or Kabjedar jamin malak or' Khudda kabjedar Navin shart Occupant (New 923 "r Kabjedar malki and restricted hakkane tenure) Khudda or Khudda 10290 malkichi Maikichi navin shart 236 P~ttedar or Pattyane or 6226 Pattiwarc or Pattedar Licency 48 rnalkine or Malak pattedar Shartine 8 Swatachi or Swatachi 2429 malkictli Navin avibhajya 6 Khalsa or Malki 1427 satta prakar Khalsa Khatedar or Khate 964 Sarkari navin shart 2 dar malkichi Shikmidar or Shikmi 822 Shartichi .kharedi dar malak or. " . Malki shikmidar Sarkari lilava prama- Rayat malkichi or 706 ne kharedi Malkichi rayatwar " Malkichi juni shart 587 Satta niyantric prakar Swamitwachi 68 Vahivatdar 65 Bhucun 26 Pattedar ka.bjedar 53 Samaik kabjedar 52 (Combine owner ship) Kastakar 50 Jamindar 39 Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ryot)V3ri holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but 2. No entry against category 'Encroachers and trespassers' 3. No entry against categQ!Y 'Jhum cultivators' 89 MAHARASHTRA TENANC~S ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (1 tem 1 W-of the Schedule }-Contd. Holders of special alienated or other Conditional or temporary lessees or assignees Unclassified non- ryotwa.ri tenures of.<30verr.rnnentland No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- house- Local names terminologY holds Local names,.. terminology holds Local names holds 2 3. 2 3 2 1287 1631 94 Inam Inami jamin Alienated 933 Sarkari. Sark~ri Temporary 967 Bagayat 30 or i namdar malkichi or Sarkari Govt. lessees jamin ___ Jati 30 Inarn kabjedar 22 Sarkari pattedar or 122 Dnyatichi" 6 Shasakiya pattedar Tari 4 Sarkari inam Alienated 213 Sarka.ri plot » 112 (Service inam) Mala 3 Kool 100 Sanadi inam 5 Khari jamin 3 Forest plot 65 " " Lavani pattyachi 3 Inami pattedar or 4 Eksali 58 Inam pattyachi " VatYane 2 Sarkari gayran plot 42 Nisarpattyachi 2 Jahagir 3 Minaicha pa!tedar .. 38 Varkas 1 Sarkari forest plot .. 18 lnami bakkachi Diwani jamin 1 Forest eksali 17 .. Mal deun 1 Inam varga dharak Khalsa sarkari 15 Bramhni gabri 1 Maktta sarkari 15 Hadole Alienated (Inam 10 Itar sabhasadanchya to village Kotwali jamin 13 malkichi '. servant) Maheda patta ~ .. 12 NandaH valli Mahari inam or 6 Sarkari lawani jamin 9 Par~t phedichi jamin Maharki .. Japta .. 5 , Padit Sarkari koli inam Alienated (lnam 4 Navati 4 Gram to village fisherman) Sarkari sheti ... 4 Vilalgan 1 Holkari inam Alienated (lnam Sadhe kool 3 Lavani to village ser- van~ for filling Sarkari khandane or 3 up a Water Khandane sarkari tank for cattle) Sarkari dhare kar- ., 2 D~osthan padik Alienated 55 yane lOam (Religeous inam) Sarkari kool 2 Deostham inarn 29 .Navade without right to lease' 90 MAHARASHTRA - LOf::AL NAMES AND LEGAl- tER~flNOLOGY OF·mNtJREs AND TABLE 1 OWnea or held from the Govern. Ryotwari holders with Tight pi PeIma!",ent, Ryolwari-h01dirs with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possessIon heritable possession but without or including tight to lease iimiteo rignt oi transier No. of No, of Legal house- Legal house- :state/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 ~ 2 3 MAHARASHTRA STATE Regrant honY!lchi Occupant (Old ~9 tenure) l{haredl. or Kharedine or .. -36 Kharedi kbat or K:aredi ghetaleli Shetkari 28 !dudat kharidar or 18 Mudat kharedi " Phed gaban or Fedat 14 ga'nan " Ghari keleH or 9 Ghari keleH shed .F.attyachi bhau 8 vatani Obariicelela patta .~ ," 'Savkar' .~ ~' 13bavachi shikmi ~ . patta Registri patta malki 3 " Khasgi (Private) . 2 " Koo) malki hakka 2 or Kool kaydhyane " milaleli lJharchi or Gharehi ;, 2 .jamin Pattyachi shikmi Of 2 Pattedal'shikmi " atkari lilav or 2 Sarkari lila vit " Bakshis patrane ,I 2 Majurine itarakadun .1 2 karun ghetaleli Vatni adhare ., 2 kabjedar Marushi patta ,I ~91 MAHARABHTRA TEN~C1ES ACCqRDIN~.TO THE-NArURE OF RIGHTS IN-LAND men' (Item I (i) of the Sched~le)-~ontd.· Holders of-special alienated or-other Conditional or temporar.y lessees or assignees Unclassified - 'Ilon-_ryotwari tenures of Government land No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house house Local names _terminology holds t-o.cal names terminolog! holds Locli\}..names holds 2 3 1 2 3 2 Sarkari mirashi Temporary Govt. lessees. Sarkari bin shartine Kotwali dungi " 1 Varshik pattedar 92 LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TEN'UltES AND T·ABLE I Owned or held Jrom the Govern Ryotwari-holders wfth right 01' permanent. Ryoiwaii holders with right of permanent aod . heritable and transferable possession heritable possession bl'lt without or including riebt to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal hous~ State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology .:: ",holds 1 2 3 2, 3 MAHARASHTRA STATE Hakkane Occupant (Old tenure) Nattaga kad~ I Parat boline .. ')'abedar Swapit (Self made) i Kharida patta .. 1 Itarakadun ". Phed khat .. Jod pattedar Vatni patra .. Gali .. Samaik .. Kabjedar Bhumlswami S661 Bhumiswami " 3768 Pattedar t' S76 Malkichi .. 442 Kastakar 317 Sanrakshit pattedar .. 154 Morushi , " 39 Pakka morushi .. 13 Patta morushi .. 2 Hakkachi .. 2 Khasgi .. 2 Shikmidar .. 2 Sadharan morusbl Kaccha morushi " Kool kaydyane malkichi Khatedar .. Swatachi .. 93 MAHiR:ASHTRA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item 1 (i) of the Sched'Ul~)-:-Concld. Holders of special alienated or -Conditional or temporary lessees Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures or assignees of Government, land No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 94 MAHAR4-SHTRA LOCAL NAMES ~ND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders' with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable possession but without or including right to lease' limited right of transfer No,'of No. of Legal house- Legal house- StafetDistrict Local names '_ terminology holds LOcal names terminology holds , 2 3 2 3 MAHARASHTRA STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 6591 5046 921. Malkichi or Jamin Occupant (Old 2869 Bhumidhari Bhumidhar 405 mala1<: tenure) Kabjedar or 881 Navin shart Occupant (New 262 Kabjedar malkichi . and restricted tenUle) Khudda or Khudda 438 236 malkichi Malkichi navi shart " Malkichi juni shart 376 " Navin avibhajya 6 satta prakar " Swatachi or 88 Swatachya malkichi " 2 Sarkari navi shart " Khatedar Of 59 Khatedar malkichi " Bhudan 10 Savkar .. 4 Patteware ~ Swamitwachi .. Pattedar Bhumiswami 191 Bhumiswami .. 77. 22 - Mourushi " Kabjedar .. 16 15 Malkichi " Khasgi (Private) 2 Shikmidar 2 Hakkachi . " Khatedar 95 MAHARASHTRA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE- OF RIGHI'S iN LAND ment (Item L (i).oJ the-Schedule)-Concld. Holders of sp.eclal a1ienated or .other Conditional or temporatY'lesSee~'or assigneell Unclassified non-ryobwari tenures of Government land No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology -. 'hOlds Local names holds' 2 3 2 3 2 89 500 35 Inam Alienated 65 S{!rkar Temporary 231 _ Bagayat 30 Govt. lessees Sarkari inam Alienated 10 Lavani pattyachi 3 (Service inam) Sarkari plot 96 Jah~gir 3, Vilalgan EksaJi 53 Lavan! Inami pattyachi " Sarkari gayran plot 42 Sarkari koli inam' Alienated (lnam 4 to village Forest plot 30 fisherman) .. Deosthan inam Alienated 6 Forest eksali 17 (Religious " inam) Khalsa sarkari plot .. 15 Sarkari forest plot 6 Mioaicha pattedar " 3 Sarkari dhare karaoe .. '2 Sadhe kool .. 2 S:trkari pattedar " 1 Varshik pattedar 1 Sarkari khaodane .. 96 MAHARASHTRA LOCAl1 NAMES AND LEGAL TERMIN;0LOGY OF TENURES AND TABLEJI Held from !private persons or With right of permanent, heritable and With right of permanent and heritable possession transferable posses~ion - but withOUt right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 MAHARASHTRA STATE Grand Total 23571 261 740 Kayam kool Permanent 165 Sanrakshit Protected 6§4 tenant kool tenant Mirllshi kool 95 Koolor Tenant 67 " koolachi Navin shart Kool viihiwat or 9 Kool vahitine MAHARASHTRA STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 1988 42 230 Kayam kool Permanent 41 Sanrakshit Protected 23Q tenant kool tenant Navin shart OJ ... Note :-No entry against category 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' 97: MAHARASHTRA . TENANCIES ACCORDING l.'Q THE NA:t'UR£_ OF RIGHTS. IN LAND_ institutions (Item I_(ii) of the Schedule) .Mortgagees in possession Holding free ofrent or on nominal rent . - in lieu of or not in lieu of service No; of No. of Legal house Legal house Local names terminology' hoMs Los:al names t.erminol~gy. -401ds.. 2 3 2 3 72 16 , Kabje, gahan Mortgagee in 36 Inam at lnami Allenated i possession -.'.- Gahan or -25- Peosthan inam or .. S Gahandar or Peosthan or Gahan Pevachi hakkane Kotwal dungi Alienated '2 Tabe gahan 9 (Service inam) Khand gahan PatU inam ,,- " Gahan 1 Qramnaukar patrakane keleli " 98 MAHARASHTRA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL. TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE n H e.ld from private persona Qr , " Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/Dis trict Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 1 2 3 MAHARASHTRA STATE 17131 97 Kool or Kolachi or Tenant i3041 Malachya roopane Tenant 88 Kool hakkane Dhan~ khandane S Khandane .. 1584 Mala~ar 4 Rokh 807 " rokkamane .. Thokyane or Thokedar " Kool vahiwat or tt 285 Kool vahitine Juni shart .. 1M Sadbe kool !I8 Munaf)'ane or 112 Munafedar " Bahudar ,0 111 Karda I, 103 Bhadyane or 66 Bhadakari S5 Kilnsare kool " Rokh khandane 51 Maktyane or 34 Maktedar Vahitdaror Wahitdar " Khandane 31 navi shart .. Kauldar .. 29 Sarkati .. 24 Nafyane .. 21 Kawaldar .. 21 Kastakar 20 99 MAHAR:ASHTRA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATUkE OF RIGHtS IN tAN» institution8 (Item 1 (U) '0/ ~he ~cheduk)~n$d. Ordinary tenants Paying ren t -is share of Sub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenan ts Unclassified produce . No. of NO.Qf No. of Legal house Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holOs 3 2 -3 2 4875 117 262 Bataine or Bataidar Tenant 2245 Pot kool Sub-tenant 70 Lagwadene or Lagwadichi 104 Hishyawar or 1209 Pot kastakar- 47 Itarakadun 40 Hi.shedar Lagwadis deleli 16 Watyane or 657 Watekari Vahildar 12 Bhageli 239 Shet majur 11 Bbag watyane i33 Keleli 9 " Bhagine or Bhagidar Dusaryachi mUaleH " 69 7 Bataujamin 55 Bhadakicha S Malachya 50 Kararane 4 hishyawa,r Lawani 4 Angwatyane or 47 Angwatekari " Shet sara deon or 4 Shet saryane Malkar 41 .. Mukrar 4 1{2 hishyawar or 39 Nimme hishyawar Panch varshik 4 or 1/2 bataine or Nimme bataine or Majurine 3 ArdhaIne or If2 mal hishyane Sheti 3 Palkar 3S Warkas or 3 Warkas jamin 1/3 hiseyawar or 18 . Tisaridar Karari Chauthaine 11 Chawadine or Chawadichi Kooldar hishyane 9 Kasane keleli 2 Hishyawar bataine 7 Dusarya kadun keleH 2 Maipal 4 '" Rohnechya 2 - Dhanyacha watekari 3 Saunthe kadu!) 2 Mal deon keleli 2 Lagwadis ghetaleli 1 Haptyane Berde 1 Takshimdar 0' 100 MAHARASHTRA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND I TABLE II Held from private persons or Ordinary tenants payin~ fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 1 2 3 MAHARASHTRA STATE Khedu Tenant 18 Eksali kool " 18 Dusaryachi 6 maktyane " Vyajane 4 " Falyane " 4 Munaine keleli .. 3 Rokh rokkam 3 khandane " Inami rokh rokkam 3 darsa} " Sadharan kastkar 3 " Paisyawar " 2 Maharki khandane .. 2 Itarakadun kool " 2 Hundhyawar .. Vahiwat asleli " MAHARASHTRA STATE (Tribal) 1574 Kool Tenant 904 Khandane 271 " Rokhrokkam 131 " Bahudar tt 86 101 , MAHARASHTRA TENANCIES ACCORDING'TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN"LAND institutions (Item I (ii) of the SChedule),-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying rent as 'share of Sub-tenants or tenants of §ub-tenants Unclassified • produce No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- house Local names terminology rolds Locahnames terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 Dusarya kadun 1 Dusaryaqhi 1 Bhavachi' 1 Samgane 1 Vahit keleli 1 Declar~!i 1 Tari "1 Palfperanine 1 Itaras dileli 1 Palewali 1 Sheer 1 Bhumidharicha 1 bahurupi kastkar Nisar office 1 kadu,n milaleli 105 20 17' Bataine or Tenant 5~ Pot koo1 S'Wb-tenant 2@ Bhadkicha S Bataidar Panch varshik 4 Hishyawar 46 .. Karari 3 Malachya hlshyawar Shet majur 2 102 MAItARASRTRA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private perS07f8 Qr Ordinaty tenants paying fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent \ No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Lo"cal names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 • 2 3 2 MAHARASHTRA. STATE {Tribal) Sadhe kool Tenant 76 Bhadhyanc 31 KaulO'ar 29 Thokyane 26 Nafyane 8 Eksali kool 7 Maktyane or 3 MilktedaT Kool vahiwat 2 TABLE III Land leased-out to private MAHARASHTRA STATE Grand Total 6617 Malak or Malki or Malkiehi (664) Jamindar (513) Pattedar or Pattachi jamin (Pattedar) (405) Kabjedar (379) Phed gahan (14) Transferable inheritable (13) lYIalki hakka or Malki hakkachi (9) Malak rokh rakkam or Malkichi juni sharat (2) Varasdar (2) Malak khatedar (1) Juni sharat (1) Swamitwachi (1) Kharedi malkichi (1) gahan (6) Gahan (3) Navi shaTnt (2) Gahanvat dileli (1) Gahandar (1) Gahan kulakade (I) loam or Inami (38) Hissyavar or Hissedar (604) Khandane or Khandat deleli (510) Rokh rakkam or Rokh !rakkamene or Rokh Thokyane or Thokedar or Thokedaras (84). Saunrakshit kulakade or Saunrakshit kulas (83) Lavani or Lavani or Lagavadichi (47) Munafyane (31) Hissyane bataine (22) Mal hissyane or Malaehya Hissyavar (21) Maktyane Malal1i lavaleli(16l Angavata or Angavatyane or Angavatyavar or Angavate karyas dileli (11) Khandani malavar (11) Kauldar (7l Vahitisa.thi (6) Munafyane keleli dusaryatarphe (6) Bhagidarine (5) Paise denn keleH (5) Hissyane Vatanis or Vatanine (4) Kulkardi (4) Sadhe kool (4) Karjane (4) Saunrakshit (3) Kasanyas (3) Japta (3l Dileli jamin (2) Kul mhanun dileli (2l Sadhe kulakade (2l Paishane (2) Rokh mal (2) Kulas lavaleli (2l_ Dhaa~ Dusaryas lavanis dileli (2) Kul kaydyane (2) Nimme bataine or Nimme batai (2) Paneha varshik kararane (2l Rokh rokkamechya khandane II) Itar ismas lavaleli (ll Mulans vateleli (tl Bhavakade (1) Mokashi (1) pandgai Bhagane lagavadis (1) Bijait (1) Rokh phalYane (1) Bak~hi~ patra (1) Andan ..thevaleli (1) Vikri keleli. (ll lavaleli (1) Khari mala (1) Kul kabji jamin (1) Bhartine (1) Tataine (I) Choutha hissa (1~ Mana hi.~~yane. (1) .-MAHARASHTRA STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 329 Jamindar (85) Pattedar (45) Bhumiswami (24) Malak or Malki or Malkiehi (10) Khudda (9) Savkar (8) Kabjedar (3) kulakad'e (13) kulakade (12) Kulala (11) Khandane (7) Vahitisathi (6) Rokh rakkam or Rokh rakkamene Lavani (1) Mitl hissyane (1) Bhavana mophat (1) Eksali (1) Paise deun keleli (I) Itaras (I),Dusaryakade (1) Kayam 103 MAHARASIlTRA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO 'THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND \ institutions (Item I (ii) of the Schedule)-.Concld. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of Sub-tenLnts or-tenants of sub-tenants Unclassified produce No. of No. of No. of Legal house ·,J.egal house house. Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 2 Warkas jamin 1 Lagwadis ghetaleli Itaraka,dun keleli l Khatedar (263) Jamin malak (190) Khudda (106) Bhumiswami or Bhuswami (91) Bhumidhari or Bhudhari (52) Savkar (38) Sikkmidar(24) Malkichi'rokh rakkamene (4) Khudda malkichi (3) Heriditaryowner (Varsa hakkane) (3) Malkichi kul vahivat (3) Malak chauthaine (3) Malkichi vatyane (1) Kabje pattedar (1) Hissyane kabjedar (I) Malkichi itarakadun mashagat kadun (I) Kabje gahan (25) Tclbe Inamdar (3) Sarkari inam (3) Inam (Naphane) (2) Inamachi.(I) Bataine or Bataichi 'or Bataivar or Bataidaras (878) Hissyane or rakkamevar (329) Vatyane or Vateka.ri or Vatekaryas (263) Kul or Kulas or Kulane or Kujala or Kulas diTeli (236) Kulakade (154) dileli or Lavanine or Lavanis or Laganis (74) Lavanis dileli khandane (70) Lagavadis or Lagavadis dileli or Lagavadine or Lagavad or Maktedaras (19) Bhagvatyane (17) Bhadyane or Bhadekari (15) Ardhaline (14) Bhagane or Bhagidar (14) Malavar or Malani or Dusaryas binsharat karanyas diteli jamin (11) Mal rupane (8) Kayam kulakade or Kayam kulas (7) Mal gheun (7) Kaulane or lavalchi rokh rakkam (5) Phalyane (5) Batai hissyavar (5) Sarkati or Sarkatine (5) Itarss or Haras diteH (4) Nsphyane hissyane '(4) Vahitadaras (3) Mirashi Kulas (3) Tijaine (3) Dusaryachi thokyane (3) Vativdar (3) Majurine (2) Kul vahivatine '(2) Gavhali (2) EksaJi(2) vata.var (2) Mirashi I.hakkane (2) Dhanya khandane (2) Nolalrrtama (2) Kharedine (2) Swani rokh rakkam darsal [(2) Phed Khatane (2) Dusarye.kal1e (I) Kothichi patti (1) Bhavana mophat (I) Rokh deun (1) Dusaryas dileli (1) Dusaryas malkine dileli (1) Shetaki sbal~s'(i) IruI (1) Raystas (1) Sirka-st (1) Bahud8ras (I) Rokh paise vyajapatti (1) Mudat kharedine (1) Vatekari hissyane (1) Sarv sadhailrn (1) Utpa.nachiya. a.rdhya malavar vatanis dile (I) Dusaryas bhavanikarta dileli (1) Dusaryas lagavadis (1) Vayadyane dileli (1) ~{isyane Pata vata (1) Karenne dileli (1) Nimme hissyane (1) Bhade pattyane (1) Palkar (I) -Jl ~ ..... Bhumidhari (I)Navi shart (2) loam (2) Batai or Bataine or Bataivar (43) fIissyavar or Hissyalle (18), Saunrakshit kul or Saunrakshit or Rokh rokkamevar (6) ,Sadhe kul (4) Kauldar (3) Saunrakshit (3) PaDcha varsllik kararane (2) Kul valll~till'e"'(2J T~l) kuIakade (1) Maktyane (1) 104 MYSORE LOCAL NAMES. AND,' LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND , TABLE I Owned or heW from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of perma Holders of special alienated or nent, heritable and transferable other non-ryotwari tenures possession including right to lease No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 MYSORE STATE Grand'Total 53490 51278 1031 'Hiduvali Registered 16823 Inam Service inam 416 occupant Registered "holder Raitaki inam 96 Raitapivatan 92 Swantha 10186 Thoti inamti loam granted 80 Swantha 2043 to watchman hiduvali for conti- nuing service Swantha khate 553 Inamti Service inam 62 Swantha 464 saguvali loam land '48 Swantha jamin 277 or Swarftha Sarkari inam 40 jaminn Chakari hola 23 Swantha ~Registered 202 malki occupant Chakari 5 kodige •• Swantha mula .. 95 Chakari inam 2 Swantha patta RegiStered 64 jamin halder Chakari jamin " 3 Sarkari Registered 63 swantha Occupant Nankari jamin Swantlla 57 Sana'di khatedar ~t' Swantha Registered 35 , Sarkari 15 bhumi occupant kodige Registered (For the holder upkeep of wells) Note :--1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but ., 2. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable possession but without or limited 3. No entry against category 'Jhum cultivators' 105- MYS«)RE TENANCIES "ACCPRQI~G TO THE NATU~ OF ,RIGHTS IN LAND ment (It~m I (i) of tM S<>hed'Ul~)' Conditio~al Of, temP9rary lessees Encroachers and trespassers or assignees of q9vef~me,nt land No. of No. of .Legal house Legal house Local names terminology holds- ~ocal names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 1139 47 . Sarkari or Temporary 982 Sarkari pada Unauthorised 47 Sarakara le!>see cultivation Siva jama or Conditional 104 Shivai jama lessee Govt. land ~mporary 17 _ lessee $pecial patta Conditional 12_ lesse~ - Hangami Temporary 9 . lessee - Sarkari jaminu i HindUvali .4 hangami Sarkari patta Padeha _ Hangami }- _ saguvali .. - Patta Govt. i. land without right.to lease' right of transfer' 106 MYSORE LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY 'OF TENURES AND ~ . TABLE I Owned or held from., th~ Govern Ryotwari holders with right of penna- Holders of special alienated or nent, heritable and transferable other Don-ryotwari tenures possession including right • to lellse No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 MYSORE STATE PattI\. Registered 7083 Inamti.kodige Service inam 5 occupant Registered holder Kodige jaminu .. 3 Pattadar 3925 " Kodige hola 2 Patta jamin' 110 Kodige- } " Patta land- Registered 61 Devara kodige Inam granted- 1 holder ~or past services to Patta salu 44 coll1il:m1iitY Sarkarada Service inam 1 kodige Patta own " 18 Pattadar Registered 9 loam jamin 18 jaminu occupant " Uttora 18 Pattadar havi panam " Inamti hiduvali 18 or Hiduvali 6195 inamti Malki " Malki inam or 11 Malikathe 391 Inam malki Malki jamin 59 loam patta " 8 Swantha patta Registered 13 lata inam Personal inam 7 holdet Malkinate Registered 9 Sanadi inam Service inam 5 occupant 4 Sanadi jamin Malki sarkari " " 2 Raitara ma.Ud .. 2 Swantha inam 4 Malkihola Vatalli inam 4 " .. S~lUvali malJd I Hiduvali inam 'f 2 107 MYSORE· TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIQHTS ~ LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule)-Contd. Condi~onal or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers or. assignees of Government land No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 108 MYSORE LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or helajrom the Govern R yotwari holders with right of perrna- Holders of special alienated. or nent, heritable and transferable other non-ryotwari tenures possession including right to l<;:ase - No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Stat"/District Local names terminology holds Local na.mes terminology holds 2 3 2 3 MYSORE STATE Khatedar. Registered 898 Kodige babtu Service inam 2 occupant Khate 139 Umbali Inam for past 4 meritonous services Khate jamin Registered 114 occupant Urnbali jamin Grant for' past 2 Registered meritorious holder services Khate Registered 26 Service inam Service inarn 2 hiduvali occupant Kabjedar 705 Inamti gadde . 1 Khuddu- 82 Inam asarni Inarn Saguvali " 78 Manya 1 Hiduvali 47 Vatani Service inam saguvali swantha Khasagi 26 Malki sanadi 1 Mooli Registered 22 Deyasthanada Religious 7 holder inam inam Moolihakku 2.2 Pooja inam 4 Anubhava Joint 9S occupant Anubhavadar 37 Poojarainali 3 " Anubhogadar 3 Maramrnana 2 devasthanada " Swantha Registered 10 kodige anubhava occupant parkhast ~egistered 62 Devadaya 1 occupant inam Registered hoidel- Devarapooja 1 Darkhast Registered S jaminu occupant Mathada Darkhast mam " swantha .. 109 In::SORE 'tENANCIES A(;CORDlNG TO 'tHE-~A1'VRE (W RIGItrS IN :LAND Condition~t or temporary lessees BncroachCrs and trespassers or assignees of Government land No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- Local names terminology liolds l.l>cal names terminology "holds. _ 1 2 3 2· 3 110 MYSORE LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held:.. from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of perma Holders of special alienated or nent, heritable and transferable other nou-ryotwari tenures possession including right to lease No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house State/District Local names terminology - holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 MYSORE STATE Darkhast Registered 1 Devasgathi Religious inam ) 1 hinduvali occupant Mathada 1, Varga Registered 60 jaminu holder Vargadara 10 Devara mula pooja Yarga bhoomi " 2 Shikmidar Joint occupant 13 Hissedar 4 Pitrarjita Registered s occupant Sarkara dinda 2 " Sarkarada jamin Bhogada malki Sarkari patta Sarkarada 13 hiduvaJi III MY-BORE 'tENANCIES ACCOl!D1RG TO THE NATtrRE VF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) oj the Sehedule)-Conold. COnditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers or assi&nees of Government [and No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Leoal nailles terminololY holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 112 MYSORE LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND T ABLE IT Held from private persons or With right of permanent, heritable Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal and transferable possession rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of 'No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house Sta te/District Local names terminology holds Locar names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 MYSORE STATE Grand Total 17896 141 11 46 Mooli Permanent 347 Bhogya Mortgagee in 9 Saguvali Tenant free 42 tenant possession of rent Mulageni 269 Bhogyadar 2 " " Muftagi Tenant Khayamkul 87 " Varga Tenant free saghrali of rent 24 Nirantharakul " Mujarathi Religious 2 Hale sarta 14 service " inam Note :-1. No entry against category 'With right of permanent and heritable possession but without right of transfer' 2. No entry against category 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' 3. No entry against category 'Sub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants' 113 ~YSORE TENANCIES ACCORDiNG TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND imtitution8 (Item I (ii) oj the Schedule) Ordinary tenants paying fixed' Ordinary tenants paying fixed 'Ordinary fenants paying rent as share cash 1:ent produce rent of produce No. of No. of No. of Legal ~house, Legal _ house- Legal. house- Local names. terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 . 3 2 3 2 3 7378 3224 6496 Lavani Tenant 2070 Guttige Tenant '2771 Koru Tenant 1793 Chalgeni Tenant (Annual 1863 Vara 1554 lease) Geni 256 Palu 1188 Vaidageni Tenant (Lease t183 Jor a specified Chalgeni 67 Hisse 780 period) .. Khandi ~57 Raitava Tenant 508 Guttige koru 62 Varu " 229 Raitaki 333 Geni guttige 45 Kora 176 " , " Partnership 87 Samrakshit kul Protected tenant 299 Contract 17 .. Pale 76 Raitanate Tenant 230 Davasapa guttige " Batayi 72 Lavanikora 60 Cash compensa- 204 Gutta saguvali .. tion Hissa rupa or 67 Hisseya rupa " Raita 164 Gutta 4, " " S;tri palu 54 Geni 129 Kora palu 27 Sadl\] TABLE IT Held from private persons. or With right of permanent, heritable Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal and transferable possession rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house Sta te/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds ~ocal names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 MYSORE STATE TABLE III Land lea8ed-out to private 'MYSORB STATE 'Grand Total 8904 Hlduvali (403) Malki (170) Mulaj;eni (156) Kabjedar (133) Patta palu (83) ~alki korn (49) I11duvali koru (46) koi1 (5) Varga bhumi (5) Swantha :patte. (4) Swantha koru (4) lIiduvali hi sse (3) Malki hisse (2) Sarkara koru (1) Patta gerair (1) Patta jan1Jn (1) Khasagi geni (1) Khasagi (1) Swantha saguvaU (1) Sark.ari inam ('31}) Devara puja (1) Devasthan (1) Vatani ioam (1) Dharma (1) Devara jaminu (1) loam palu (1) Guthige (1951) Khandi (61) Hanadarupa (36) Hiss" rupa (15) Raitanate (14) Raitava (14) Raitaki (14) Haoada guthige (13) guthige (6) Hanada hlssa (4) Raitwara (4) _Hana saguvali (3) Vara saguvaJi (3) Kul (2) Hisse vara (2) korn (1) 115 MYSORE TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE' OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutionB (Item I (U) of the Schedule)-CoDcld. Ordina~y tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent as share cash rent produce rent of produce No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Legal house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 Kullavani Tenant 7 Rdit khand Tenallt Rokkige 5 PaleJupa Rokkiila 5 Vashvina. palu Hanada guttige .. 5 Kalu guttige ., Hana saguvali 4 Vara geni With cash 3 Vastuvina hisse Hangami sagu 2 Akki geni Tenant vaH " ( Crop lease) Koul 2 PMu davasada Tenant rupa Sarkari jaminu Raitaki asami Hannakattu . madialaru Hanada 'batayi Dhanadarupa _ .. persons (11em 2 of the Schedule) Swantha~31) Patta (30) Sarkari (25) Patta land (17) Pattadar (15) Hiiluvali 'varu (13) Klutha jamin (13) p'atta sal~ (7) Kayam divda (2) Hiduvali palu (1) Hangami hisse (1) Hiduvali othare (1) SW<1ntha mllki (1) S:ukari jam in (1) Khatedari '(1) Sarkardinda Inam (IS) In3.mti (12) Inam malki (6) Inamti vara (5) Sarkaradinda murat (5) Sp~cial patta (2) Siva jama (2) Inam land (2) Koru (1775) Varu (965) Hisse (750) Lavani (721) Chalgeni (441) Geni (269) Palu (152) Vayada geni (146) Batayi (70) Slj>ma vara (64) Savi palu (II) Akki geni (11) Sadakul (10) Pale (8)-Rokka (8) S3.mrakshit kul (S) K0re palu (8) Lavani koiu (8) Sari koru (7) Davasada Kaul (2) Nagadu guthige (2) Davasa "(2) Rokkige (1) Mukkuppe koru (1) Varu (1) H03a sHthu (1) Kori (1) Aliva geni (1) Hisse 116 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern . Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotwari holders with right of perma- Holden of special alienated or permanent, heritable and nent and heritable possession but other non-ryotwari tenures transferable possession without or limited right including right to lease of transfer No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology Holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE Grand Total 81151 68573 5307 4465 Rayati or Occupancy 27299 Raiyati or Rayati Occupancy 2035 Inam or Inam Inam tenure 1297 Rayati jami raiyat jami or Rayati raiyat bhumi or or Raiyat or satwa or Inam satwa Rayati patta Rayati taila or Rayati Daramila inam Conditional 8 sutra or inam land Rayati bhumi Hasilat or 1170 or Rayati Hasilat dakhal Baheli or Revenue free 431 parcha or satwa or Bahel grant Rayati satwa Dakhal satwa or Sthayi bisista hasilat rayati or Baheli dana Revenue free 17 Rayati jami gift taila or Zirayati or 768 Rayati taila Zirayati jami or Jiraiti Lakharaj or Revenue free 340 Sthitiban or 18990 patta Lakhraj grant Rayati sthi- " baheli tiban or Sthitiban Dakhal satwa or 608 Pahi lakharaj Non-resident 3 rayati satwa Dakhali revenue free or Stitiban grant satwa Satwadhikari or 136 Rayati satwa- Tanki baheli Interest of a 66 Zirayati or 8246 dhikari tanki bahel- Zirayati jami " dar (Sub- or Jiraiti proprietor) patta or Tikat bhukta 115 Jiraiti (Occupancy" padara right of Tanki Grant of land 23 tenant living paying quit in same rent Dakhal satwa 3138 village) or Dakhali " or Dakhal Nayabadi Occupancy 90 Niskar or Revenue free 28 kar raiyat Niskar granf (Newly re- baheli claimed Mourasi or 1682 waste land Niskar padia Revenue free Mourasi " given on waste land jamin or occupancy Mourasi basis) Kharposh mafi Rent free 33 rayati or or Kharposh grant for Mourasi hak Hata chasa Occupancy 66 jami or maintenance lagan raiyat Khorak (Private poshak mafi land settled Hasilat or 1556 with occu- Hasilat pancy right) Minna Revenue free 16 dakal satwa grant Note :-No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but without 117 ORISSA. TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND menl (Item I (i) of the Sched1l,ze) Conditional or temporary lessees. Eilcroachers and trespassers Jhum cultivators Unclassified or assignees of Govemment land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- LegAl house Lega.l house house Local names terminology holds Local names ter~inology holds Local names terminology holds Loca.l names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 883 1,62t 275 24 Sarkari or Temporary 267 Akramanor Encroached 539 Poda chasa or Shifting 204 Jami 1§ Sarkari Govt. lessee Akramana land Podu ehas cultivation jami or jami or Podu Sarkar chasa or Beda 3 Sivai jami 216 Podha chasa Anabadi 154 (Wa~te l;md) Dangar or Dry land 181 Dangar podu 26 Bed~ ?ungara 2 Dangara- encroached chas mlSI Sarakari barsi Temporary 73 upon ka patta Govt. lessee Taila 19 Jangle jami or Forest land 1281 .. Abadi 1 Forest jami encroached Hirakud leaSe (Lan'ds taken 65 upon Podu satwa 13 . jami on lease) Schooljami Anyaya Govt.land 124 kasta held under Dangar chasa it Lease patta Temporary 52 encroach- " Chuan bUa Govt. lessee ment 2 Podu chas satw&' !' Sarkaranka 39 Banjara or Cultivable dry 124 tharu " Banjara 1ands en- bhumi croached Paiamboke 29 I Sarakari lease 28 Jabardasti Encroacbed 7f> land P.W,D. leas~ 20 Banjar uja~a Govt.land 45 whether , Sarakari anu- 14 assessed or mati un assessed , Lease 14 Padar Dry lands 42 Birti 13. Akramana Encroached ~9 chasa land Thika 13 Gocnar Grazing land 24 Riklamation 10 (Waste" land Bada jangal Forest land 21 taken on leaS'e) leased out for cuIti va- tion or waste Artha sutra Temporary '9 land Govt. lessee (Annual ... Pe.tita Govt. waste 20 lease) and jungle land encro- Dakhal satwa Temporary 9 ached UPOB bihina 'Govt. ,lessee right to lease' 118 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from tl!-e Govern Ryotwari holder's with right 'Of Ryotwarj holders with right of per- Holders of special alienated or permanent, heritable and manent and heritable possession other non-ryotwari tenures transferable possession but without or limited -right including right to lease of transfer No. of No'. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local' names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds :1 3 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE Patta jami or Occupancy 1514 Nija satwadhi- Occupancy 63 Mafi or Sarakari Revenue free 14 Santha . raiyat kari raiyat mali or service (Patta jami) (Private Sarakari tenure land settled mourasi mali Thanior 1061 with oceu- Thani rayati (Oc~~pancy panel' right) right of Mafidar Service tenure 2 tenant living Sthitiban or Occupancy 49 dhobei jami of washer- in same Rayati raiyat man village) sthitiban Praja satwa or Occupancy 889 Patta jami .. 46 Hanumada Revenue free Prajati raiyat mafi satwa service tenure Pahi or Pahi .. 777 Patta bhukta 43 stitiban or (Non-resi- Pahi satwa dential Bara jangal Village forest raiyat of a Sistujami 40 mali granted free village) of revenue by ex-ruler Nijlt satwa or Occupancy 423 Praja sa twa- 37 and zamin- Nijasatwa raiyat dhikari or dar rayati or (Private land Praja jami Nija satwl>.- settled with dhikari or occupancy Dana or 22 Nija satwa- right) Dana bhumi Anugraha mafi Land held dhikari free of rayati or Dana satwa 3 revenue in Nija satwa- token of dhikari some favour bhaga satwa Pahi 3 from the or Nija jami (Non-" ex-ruler or Nija resi dential / I'ayati or raiyat of a Bhogra or Revenue free 791 Nija dakhal :,iIIage) Bhograjami .land. by a or Nija hata or Bhogra service chasajami Rayati satwa Occupancy 2 satwa or tenure holder permit raiyat Bhogara ~- Satwadhikari Occupancy 405 nonkari or or Rayati raiyat Sabaka 2 Sarkari satwadhikari bhogra or Dan prapta . 2 Bhogara Malik satwa 328 mourastor Bhoodan or 2 Thika gahan Bhudan bhogara Hata cMsa or .f 295 rayati Hata chasa (Private Sir Bhogra Sit bhogra 29 jami or land settled (Home farm) Hata chasa with OCcu- Gramabasi Village· 2 of service rayati or pancy right) dakhal common tenure Hatajami land holder or Heta or Reta jami 119 ORISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item 1 (i) of the Schedule) -Contd. Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers Jhum cultivators Unclassified or assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology hOlds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 Hukuma nama Temporary 8 Kami dangara Encroached 12 prapti Govt. lessee dry (Waste lana taken on Gochar naksa Govl waste 9 lease) land Thika chasa Temporary 8 Gochar patta Grazing land 7 Govt. lessee (From Govl) 01' Gochar Nayabadi Permissible 6 jami patta anumati possession of newly Sarkar gochar 4 reclaimed .. land Bioanu matia Encroachment 4 B.N.R.jami Temporary 5 Govt. lessee (Railway Jalchar Jalchar land of 3 lands taken Govt. held on tempo- under encro- rary lease) achment Bhogara thika Temporary 5 Gramya jangal Village forest 3 Govt. lessee Bhubura satwa 4 Dangari atalo Dry land 2 .. encroached Dangara rayati " 3 Gochar dakhal Encroachment 2 Sarakari thika 3 Anabadi Waste land 2 " dakhal encroached Sarkar paUa 3 " Sarakari jangal Govt. waste 2 and jungle Ghasajamin Temporary 2 land Govt. lessee encroached (Waste upon lands leased out) Beainkari Encroachment 2 abarodh Rayati thika Temporary 2 Govt. lessee Atalo Encroachment of river beds Anyanya thika .. 2 Anabadi Encroachment Sarkar datta- 2 gochar char or " Sarkar datt.. Jangale anabadi plat " 120 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned,or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with ri~ht of Ryotwari holders with right of'perma Holders of special alienated or permanent, heritable and nent and heritable ~ossession but other non-ryotwari tenures transferable. possession , without or limIted right including right to lease of transfer No. of No. of No. of Legal hOllse Legal house Legal house- Stlite/Di&trict Loeal'names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE /" Nayabadi or Occupancy 276 Thani Occupancy Jagiri satwa~r Revenue free 328 ~~')~~~ Khudkast or Occupancy J57 Khudkasta raiyat rayati or (Private land Paikali or .,,/ Service grant 233 Maurasi settled with Paikali jagiri to local Khudkastil occupancy or Paik;lli militia right) satwa or Dalei jagir Tikat" Satwa. Qccupancy 124 or Paikali or Tikat jami raiyat tanki (Occupancy right of !enant Jiving In same villa,e) 121 ORISSk TENANCIES ACCORDl:r-.lG .TO THE~NArl.!RE OF RIGHTS IN llAND ment (Item I ti) of the Sched-ule)-Contd. Conditional or tenrporary lessees I EIIcroachers and trespassers Jhum cultivators Unclassified or assignees of G.overnment . land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal . house house Local names terminology holds Loeai names terminology holds Lpcal names terrriinology holds !? Mafluar TempClary 1 satwa Govt. lessee 'Sarakari 2 satwa P.atta ka,bala 2 p~dar -(A. U:'P. land held on lease) Asthai patta 'femporary Gavt. lessee KenaI pakha chirakal .. P.W.D. g;ochar (P,W.D." land on temporary lease) . Nayan jori Temporary 1 . Govt. lessee (Roadside lands taken on temporary lease) Raj sarkar Temporary Govt. lessee Sarakar prapya Sarkaramal nama Sarkari patara 122 ORISSA LOc;:AL NAMES A~D LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND 'tABLE I Owned or 'held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotwari holders with ri~ht of perma Holders of special alienated or permanent, heritable and nent and heritable possession but other non-ryotwari tenures transferable possession without or limited right including right to lease of transfer No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Lbcal names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE " Nija chaslt Occupancy 116 Bajyapti or Persons whose ..94 raiyat Bajyapti revenue (Private land baheli or free title or settled, with Bajyapti title to hold occupancy madhya land at a right) satwadhikari fixed pay or Lakhraj ment in per Patta bhukta Occupancy 94 bajyapti-or petuity }VaS raiyat Tanki baj declared yapti invalid in Stitiban bhaga " 63 course of sutra (An occupancy revenue raiyat pay- settlement ing produce rent) Nakaran or Service tenure 90 Sarkari of Village nonkaranor servants Uttaradhikari Occupancy SO Nankari satwa raiyat bhogra or Nonkltran mafi or Pani Patta satwa 42 nonkari jami or Noukaran chakaran Sanja jamare 39 satwa or thiba. (A r~iyati Jangal jaga holding land noukari on payment of contracted Chakaran or Service tenure 20 kind rent) Sarkari of village chakran servants jagiri or Sir~ or Sir Occupancy 29 Sarkari jami raiyat chakran or (Private land Niskar settled with chakaran occupancy right) Chowkidari or Service land 116 Chawkidari attached to jagiri or the office of Sthayi rayati Occupancy 22- Chowkidari the~v'lilage uttaradhikari raiyat sarkari jami headman or Sarkari (Collection chowkidari /agent) Bhogara 20 nonkaran I rayati (Bhogara (Jagir) or lands con- Sarkari verted into chowkidari raiyati) dakhali or Chowkidar Rayati Occupancy chakran or (Goda) raiyat Chowkidari mafi or Sipana rayati 18 Chowkidar bhogra 123 ORISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO T~E NA1',uRE OF·RlGHT9"I~ ·LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule)-Contd, Conditional or temporary lessees ,Encroachers and trespasse'rs Jhum cultivators Unclassified or assignees of Government ,land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Legal house- house LOcal names. terminology holds Locll.1 'names. terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 3 • 2 1 2 2 3 2 Nayabadi Permissible anurnati possession patla of newly reclaimed land Patra fadi Temporary Govt. lessee Patra jangle .. Barsi ka patta { " Sebayat sutra from Govt. " Bhaga bakhara r' (From Govt.) Patta kabala 124 .ORISSA LOCAL NAM::tS AND LE:GAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I . Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotwari hnlders with riglit of perma.- Holders of special alienated or permanent. heritable and nent ar.d heritable possession but other non-ryotwari tenures transferable possession without or limited right including right to lease of transfer No. of I'lo. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3' 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE ,Kharida ot Occupancy 13 lhankari or _SeIVice tenuTe SS Kharidi raiyat Jhankar of watchman (Raiyati land chakran or obtained by Jhankari Way of pur- satwa or- chase) Sarkari 'jhankar or Bajyapti Occupancy 12 Jhankari stitiban raiyat gumasta or (A settled Gumasta raiyat whose babad from right to hold sarkar or land on a Jhankar concessional mali or rate has beeD' Jhank\lr re,sumed) mali chak- ran or Jhan- kariohogara Llarmila Occupancy to or Gouda inam rayati raiyat noukari Adima rayati 10 Narih.a or Service tenure 40 NAriha of waterman chakaran or Patta banjar 7 Sarkari mourasi Stitiban sanja 7 nariha or (Settied raiya t Nariha mafi' holding' land or J::Jariha on payment 'bhograor of a portion Nariha jagiri of estimated crop) Padhani satwa Service land 32 Pp.rcha OCCupancy 6 o~Padhani attached to raiyat jagiri or the office of Sarbarakara the village Gountfrayati 5 jagiror Sar~ headman, barakar (Collection bhogra or agent) Tanki stitiban S Sarkllr (A s'titiban padhani tenant pay- jagir satwa ing quit rent) Bhogara 4 6haradiha Otcupancy 4 gounti or raiyat . Gaunti jagir .' (Occupancy right of ~enant living Makadami of 2 III same Makadami village) mafi lagan 125 ORisSA: TENANCIES' ACCORDING TO THE'NATURE-OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I.(iJ of the Schedule)-:C~ntd. Conditionai or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers Jhum cultivators Unclassified or assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house- Local names terminology' holds Local names tertnirfology holds- Local names teqllino1ogy holds Local nam.es holds 2 3 2 3" 2 3 2 126 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotwari holders with right of perma Holders of special alienated or permanent, heritable and nent and heritable possession but other non-ryotwari tenures transferable possession without or limited right including right to lease of transfer No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE Nijota Occupancy 4 Desaheta or Lands granted 5 raiyat Desaheta for the ser- (Private land bhandari vice of vil- settled with jagiri or lage commu- occupancy Desaheta nity right) jagir Pahi stitiban Occupancy 4 bajyapti raiyat (A Madhya Tenure holder 41 non-residen- satwadhikari tial settled raiyat whose right to hold Sipana Service tenure 8 land at a concessional rate has been Amruta 6 resumed) manohi Bikri sutra Occupancy 4 Chalanjami .; 4 raiyati or raiyat Kharid (Rayati land Behear jami 2 bikri raiyati held on .. purchase) Barika jami 2 Sabaka Occupancy 2 raiyat Badhei heta 2 " Anusthan or Anustan (Occupancy" 2 -Kamar hata 2 jami or lands be- longing to institutions) Rasam lal .. Kina or Kina Occupancy 2 jami raiyat Raita dehuri " Puraskar Occupancy 2 Luhura jami jami from raiyat .. Govt. Mobijami 1 Sukha basi 2 (From .. (Tenants" jamidar) having no other land Debottar or Revenue free 194 except Devottar or grant to homestead) Debastan deities or or Devottar temples Rayati go char Occupancy 2 mali or plot raiyat Bahal debo- Uar or Debottar jagir 127 GR-ISBA TENANCIES AccotmING to T-HE NAT.{JRE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item 1 (i) of the Schedule)-Contd. Conditiomil or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers Jhum cultivators Unclassified or assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house Local 'names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Eocal names holds 2 3 1 3 3 1 2 128 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL ·TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND T ABLE I Ow'(£ed or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotma.ri holders with right of perma Holders of apecial alienated or permanent, heritable and nent and heritable possession but otller' hon-ryotwari tenures - transforable possession without or limited right including right to lease > of transfer No. of -No. of No. of . Legal hOllse Legal house- . Legal house Stat",/Distr~ct Local names terminology holds Looal names terminology holds 'Local names terminology hold~ 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 ORISSA STATE Rayati Occupancy 2 Debottar rafa Grant of land 5 chakran raiyat tanki to a deity as (Service a quit rent tenures status of converted to debottar occupancy land tenure) I Marfatdar.i Endowed .. 2 Jagir rayati ,Occupancy 2 satwa property 01 ~raiyat a deity in (Jagir land charge ofa converted to trustee raiyati) Brahmottar or Revenue free 50 Nayabadi Occupancy Brahmaaaya. grant of hasilat raiyat or Brahma .land or day inam or grant at Khunti .. 1 Brahmottar quit-rent to lakharaj or brahmin Tanki brah Kinua mottar or Brahmotta.r Nirdista 1 bahel khajanare (A :r~iyat paying rent Mail khairati Revenue free 4 fixed in per land for petuity) charitable p~rposes Anchala Occupancy stitiban raiyat Thakura jami Revenue free (Rights of a land given settled rayat , to deity conferred by anchal adhi kari) Jaganath Revenue .free thakur Jand of the Sikim sthitiban Occupancy bhogra temple raiyat (Sikim tenure converted to Pujari mafi Land held by 3 occupancy bhogara or brahmin tenure) Pujhari priest for jamin service to Bhanaja. dana Occupancy the deity rayati raiyat Nutan r"ayati Pira bhogra ' Lands held 4. jami or , for worship Koili satwa Pirottar of pir Tanki bruti_ Dutta maha Lands granted (r'~nant pay tram or to muslim ing quit rent) Phakir jagiri fakir - i29 TENANCIES AtCORDING TO tHE NATURE OF RIGHTS ,IN tAND ment {Item 1 (i) of the Schedule)=--Contd~ Conditional or temp6raty lessees Encroachers and trespassers Jhum cultivators Unclassified or assignees of Goverhment land No. of No. of No. of No. of. Legal house- Legal house- Legal hou$e- house-" Local names terminology holds' Locai names terminology holds Local ilames terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 • 1 2 2 3 2 130 QRISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from, the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotwari holders with right of perma~ Holcfers of special alienated or permanent, heritable and nent and heritable possession but other non-ryotwari tenures transfera ble possession without or limited right including right to lease of transfer No. of No. of No. of . Legal house- Legal house Legal house State/District LOCal names !erminology holds LOcal.names terminology holds Local names. terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 ..::.. ORISSA STATE Naukaran Occupancy Kalo jaegiri or Service land 3 rClyatt raiyat Karo jagiri held by kalo (Service land or Kalo or village held on , bhugura priest raiyati basis) Rayati chakir jami • Mohapuru Occupancy 1 rayati raiyat Rayati nariha Ra.eti nariha. bhogra. Sthitiban 5 debottar (Lands" of a deity with right of settled rayat) Stitiban :I debatwa Pujari mafi rayati ORISSA STATB (Tribal) Grand Total 6508 5274 III Raiyati or Occupancy 2035 lnam or • loam tenure 92 Rayatijami raiyat Inam bhumi or Raeti or Rayati satwa Lakharaj Revenue free 2- Or Ray~ti grant taila or Raita jami Jagir or Jagiri Revenue free 6 grant for, rendering Hasilat or 1170 personal Hasilat ser,vice dakhal satwa or Dakhal Dehuri jagir 1 satwa bisista " Msilat 1 Chba1ia jaair " 131 ORtSSA TENANCIES ACCORDING T(l THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule)_:Contd·. Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers Jhum cultivators Unclassified or assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal . house Legal house- . house- Local names terminology holds Local'"names terminology holds Local names terminology holds . "Local nl1mes' holds 2 3 . 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 '~8 801 210 G Sarakaranka Temporary 33 Akramanor Encroached 496 Podha chasa or Shifting 194 Jami "6 tham Govt: lessee Akramana land Poda chasa cultivation jamin or Podu '. Anabadi 29 chasa or (Waste" land) Junglejami Forest land 104 ~ Podu chaos encroached Riklamation Temporary 10 upon Govt. lessee J'odwsatwa 13 (Waste land Jabaroasti Ertcroached , 73 taken on Mnd lease) Poduchas 2 satwa .. Artha sutra Temporary 9 Banjara or Cultivable dry . 44 Govt. lessee Banjara lands bhumi encroac'hed Dangarpodu Dakhal satwa 9 chas bihina ~ Akramana Encroached 29 chasa land 132 QRISSA .LO(:AL NAME~ AND LEGAL TERMIN~J"OG~ ()fv-n:.NU~S AND Tl\:PLE I Owned or. hel1< from the {}of)e~ Ryotwari llolder& wjth fight of Ryotwari holders with'1:ight of. perma- Holders of spedal alienated or ~ permanent. 'heritable and nent and heritable possession but otJ;ler non-ryotwa,ri !enures transferable possession . with')ut or limited right including right to lease of ~ransfer No. of No. of No. of Legal house- !:-ega! house- I;"egal house- '-State/D!~t,ri,,~ , Loc~l names teiminology h9ld~ LO¥al names tcrtnmology h91ds Local names terminolo&y holds 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 ORISSA STATE (Tribal) Jirayati or Occupancy 768 Bhogra Revenue free 5 Zirayati or raiyat land held by Zirayati a"Servi~ jami or tenure Jiraiti patta holder "- Bhugura 3 Dakhal satwa 608 " or Dakho.li Chowkidar Service land 4 jagiri attached to Radlati satwa- 136 the office' of hikari or the village Satwadhi- headman kari or (Collection Satwadhi- agent) kari jami Narihajami Service tenure Tikat bhukta 115 of waterman (Occupancy" right of tenant living Behera jaroi Service tenure in same village) Raita dehuri Xayabadi Occupancy 90 Debottar Revenue free raiyat grant to deities or temples Hata chasa or 66 Hata chasa (Private" land japli: settled with Ka19·jaegiri Service land occupancy held by kalo -righ,t) PI villaze priest ])lij~ ~lI-twa. 63 d ikari Sthit\ban or Ppcl!RlJl1CY 4~ Rayati r Patta ~ami •• ~p PaUa bhukta " -43 13a. TENANCQi:S ·A:CCOl{DINQ TO~:rHE.N,ATl1RE OF RIGHTS IN LAND men' (I~e"[l- I (i) of the $ch~dule)-Con~9. Condijiopal or tj:mpor<\ry. l~ssel'lS ~croac:l\ers ~n.g tr~spasse~s Unclassified or assignees. j{fGovernplent land No. of No. of No. of. No: of Legal house- Legal house, Leg!J.l house- house Lo'cal names "-terminp'logy. )1Qlds Local llames ter~in~}ogy holds LOcal names termip;?12g'y !tol!ls. _Local n!\tn~~ h21d~ • 2 3 2 3 2 .3 2 Thika chasa Temporary 8 Anyayakasta Govt. land 21 Govt. lessee held under encroach- ment • Patita Govt. waste 20 and jungle land encroached ~P9n Dangar or Qry l Sarkari jangal Go"vt. waste Z and jungle land encroached upon 134 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from the-Govern Ryotwari holders with right of Ryotwari holders with right of perma Holders of special alienated or permanent, heritable and nent and heritable possession but other non-ryotwari tenures transferable possession without or limited right including right to lease of transfer No. of No. of No. of , Legal house Legal house Legal honse- Stat~/District Local nameS terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds' 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 ORISSA STATE (Tribal) 'Sisto jam', Occupancy 4\) raiyat PraTa satwa- 37 dhikari or Praja jami Pahi :3 (No;;- residential raiyat of a village) Rayati satwa Occupancy 2 p~rmit raiyat Sabaka 2 Thani (Resident tenant of a village) 135 ORISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO TliE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (~) oltAe Schedule)-Concld. Conditional or temporary lessees Encroachers and trespassers· Shum cultivators Unclassified - ar assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Lochl names terminology holds Local -nameS holds 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 136 LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENU~S AND TA»tE"II Held from private per8on8 Or with rlght of permanent, heritable and With right of permanent and heritable possession transferable possession but without, rigpt of transfer No. of No. of Legal hopse- Le~a) house- State/Distnct LbCai names terll1inology holds Local nl1in~s terminblogy holds 1 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE Grand Total 15392 2584 152 Sthitiban or Occupancy raiyat 927 Basilat Occupancy raiyat 57 Sthitiban rayati/ Zirayati .. 540 Jirayati or Zirayati 43 RayaH or _ ,. 495 Rayali jami Rayati or 18 Rayatijami Rayati satwa 116 Nij chas Occupancy raiyat 108 ~ayabadi 14 (Private land (Newly" settled with reclaimed waste occupancy right) land given on occupancy basis) Patta or Occupancy raiyat 90 Patta bhumi Dakhal satwa Occupancy raiyat 11 64 Sthitiban bha~ cbas (Settled" raiyat paying the rent Anabadi dakhal 2 in kind) (Uncuiiivated land acquired by Sthitiban hata chas Occupancy raiyat 26 an occupancy raiyat) Praja satwa ,. 23 Dakhal satwa bihina Occupancy )"aiya t 2 (Rent free lands Thani mourasi Occupancy raiyat 22 taken on bhag) (Occupancy right of tenant living in same Kraya Occupancy raiyat village) Pabi Occupancy raiyat 20 Kinua sutra (Non-residential raiyat of a I village) Asthayai 1 (Land; tempora- Sthitiban bhaga Occupancy raiyat 16 rily on bhag) (Settled raiyat paying the rent Bedakbal Non-occupancy 2 in kind) raiyat ' Patta sutra Occupancy raiyat 11 Rayati·bikri sutra 9 (Raya!i land held on purchase) Kina jami or Kina Occupancy raiyat 9 Nota:-l. No entry against category 'Crop:'sbarers wIthout tenancy rights' 2. No entry against .category 'Sub-tl(n,ants or tenants of sUb-tenants' 137 ORISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF roQlt1'S lN LAN)j institutions (Item I (it) of the Sbhed11,U) Mortgagees in possess ibn HOlding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of No. of ._ Legal house Legal ' llfltWe- Local names terminology holds Loail names terminology hBms 2 3 2 3 1058 2259 Bandhak or Mortgagee in 449 lnam jalpi or loam lnam tenure 312 Bandhaki or possession Rayati bandhak Lll.kharaj qr Rent free grant 126 Bahel lakharaj or Bandhak-sutra or 443 Prajajot lakharaj Bandhak sutra raiyati Niskat or Niskar 82 batiel " Gahana sutra 17 Gahana 16 Sahel! di ,Bahel S3 (kharidj or Dakhal bandhak jami .. 14 Sariand bahel Bandhaki thika 12 .. Tanki or Sthitiban Land on quit rent 14 Bandhak satwa 11 (Tanki) or Khairat ~9r: chi.lfitable tanki purposes Artha sutra bandhak .. Ii Bhogara bandhak 11 Mafi Rent free service 5 tenure Pir bho~ra bandhak 10 sutra Minha or Rent free grant 4 Arthdei bandhak 9 Meena satwa ChhidoLbandhak 9 Jagiri or R~nt free grilnt 254 Bhaga bandhak 6 Chnatia jagir ot for rendet\ng .. Dehuri jagiri or personal service Bhoga bandhak ~ Bhandari jagiri or to zamindar .. Dakua jagir or Bandhaki patta 4 p4karab jagir ot aiti jagiri or Asthai dakhal satwa 4 ~kim jlig.r or (Bandhak) a~lkbP.h. TAnLE' II Held from private per80ns or With right of permanent; heritable and With right of permanent and heritable possession transferable possession but witliout right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- ~tat 2 3 1 2 3 ORISSA STATE Nayabadi Occupancy raiyat 8 (Newly reClaimed waste land given on occupancy baSis) 'Bajyapti Occupancy raiyat 7 (Resumed tenure heldon raiyati) Sth~tiban niskar Occupancy raiyat 6 (Occupancy right rent free) Khunti Occupancy raiyat 5 RaYati chhidol 5 (ChhiJ~llands held on rayati basis) Hasilat Occupancy raiyat 5 Mourasi .. 4 Dakhal satwa bisista .. 4 .Kina sutra 4 Mourasi kara sutra 4 (Mour;:si lands held on fixed- cash fent) Khudkast Occupancy raiyat 4 (Private land settled with occupancy right) Rayati patta Occupancy raiYat 3 Dakhal satwa 3 Sthitiban anabadl 3 (UncuUivated land acquired by, a settled raiyat) , 139 ORISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (Item I (ii) of the Schedulel-Contd. Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of No. of Legal house Legal Local names house terminology holds ~ocal names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 Drabya sutra Mortgagee in Handi gadha jagir Rent free grant bandhak possession for rendering Rayati artha drabya personal service " to zamindar bandhak (Service tenure Rayati goda bandhak granted to " potters) Odan bandhak artha Badhei jagir, sutra Rent free grant sutra " for rendering Bikri sutra ban'dhak personal service to zamindar Bandhak & kati sutra (Carpenter's land " free of rent in Kati sutra ., lieu of service) Rayati gahana ., Bhogra or Rent free land 131 Sira bhogara or held by a service Bhogara gahana Bhubura sutfa tenure holder Khuntidare gahan " Anusthan jami or Asthai kinua Land owned by 49 Anusthan institutions Chowkidari or Service land 47 Chowkidari jagiri or attached to the Chowkidari mafi or office of the Choukidar chakran or village headman Choukidari (Collection chakran mafi or agent) Chowkidari heta Nariha or Service tenure 23 Nariha mafi or of waterman Nariha noukaran or Nariha jagiri or Nariha bhogara Or Nariha chakran Panidia jami Jhankari or Jhankari Service tenure 17 noukaran mafi or of watchman Jhankar jagiri or Jhankari bhogara or Jhankar chakran Ganda bhumi Service tenure 2 of village watchman 140 Q~ISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private per8on8 or With right of permanent, heritable and With right of permanent and heritable possession transferable possession but without right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE Nutan abad Occupancy raiyat 3 (Nayabadi lands having occu pancy right) Kraya Occupancy raiyat 2 Kinus. sutra 2 (Rayaii lands purchased) P~hi sthitiban Occupancy raiyat 2 (Non-residential raiyat of a village) Hs.stantar satwa Occupancy raiyat 2 (Rayati land held on transfer) Satwadhikari- or Occupancy raiyat 2 Satwadhikari rayati Kinua 2 Kraya sutra rayati 2 or Kraya sutra ~odo bikri 2 Chirasthayi jama 2 (Sub-p;~prietory right where rent had been settled on pay ment basis) Chhidol sutra rayati Occupancy raiyat 2 (Chhidollands held on rayati basis) ~thitipan praja Occupancy raiyat 1 (&ettled raiyat) Khuda kina sutra Occupancy raiyat raiyati Jati hisabare paithita rayati " Rayati patta for 1 5 years " 141 ORISSA . TENANCIIllS ACCORDING '1'0 1:'HE NATURE OF RmitTS IN LAND 'nltitutionq (It¢ I (ii) of tlte Schedule)-Contd. -Mortg~~:es in posSession Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of ot not in lieu of ser vice No. of No. of Legal house· Legal house ""Local names terMinology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 Gounti bhogara or Service land 8 Gounti bhogara attached to the mafi or Gountia office of the jagiri or Gountia village headman chakran (Collection ag~~tl, Sarbarakara.jagiri .. 3 Ganju tharu bhogara " 1 Makadami 1 Paikali or Paikan or Setvice grant to 22 Paik jami or local militia -Paikan jagiri Noukaran bhogara Service tenure of 17 or Noukaran or 'village servants Noukaran mafi chhidolor Bhandari noukaranti Chakran or Chakran mafi or Chakiri " maha deba seba Heta or Dehuri heta Rent'free service 10 ~rant " Desaheta jagir or Lands granted 4 Uesaheta or for the service Deshakoth of village community Chhidol 6r Chhidol Rent free service 120 sutni niaurasi teDure- Amal nama Rent free service 89 tellllre Madhya 7 satwadhikari " ' ," ' .. Khanja sutra 5 Bhoga jami 4 Kalti 4 Amruta manohi 3 Luhura jami 2 Chatra phumi .. 1 Mahatran 142 ORISSA LOCAL NAM~ ANP LEGAL, TER!\1INOLOGY OF -:fENUJlES AND TABLE II Held from priva,te per{Jonl} qr With right of permanent, heritable and With right of permanent and heritable possession trapsferable possession but without right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house: Legal house State/I?istrict Local names terminology holds' Local names terminology hQlds 1 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE Kharid bikri rayati Occupapcy raiyat 1 (Rayati land held on purchase~ Patta satwa~ Occupancy raiYat Praja dakhal Kadu ghina Posyaputra his~bare Maramati kainan sutra Magana sUlr!'l Magana Kharadi jami Registree kruta Sabaka Badal sutr,a Mourasi lagan Artha sutra. chirasthai- Dcvottar rayati 143 -ORISSA TENANCIES _l\CCORDING TO THE NATU'RE e)F RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (It6m I tii) oj the. Soked'U!e)-Contd.. Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in Mortgagees in posses~ion lieu of or not in lieu,6f service No. of No. of Legal house house Legal Local names terminology . J101ds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 Bhagari chhidol Rent free service tenure Chalanjami " Sipana rayati to Sevaka " Debottar or Rent free grant to 708 Debotwa or deities or temples' Devottar jagir or Debottar lakharaj or Archa ka bhurni or Deqottar niskar or Debottar sebayat jagir or Deboffar mali or Debottar bajyapti or Debottar baheli or Debottar tanki satwa or Ph: bhogara debottar or Devottar bhogara or Mahaldebottar or Barapali debottar or Dabata bhumi Brabmottar or Rent free grant of 51 Brahamatwa or land to brahmin Brahamatter bahel or Thakurdar brahrnottar or . Puja ka jami or Pujari jami or Mandirpuja babad or Pujhari naukar or Anusthan sibei seba Thakur puja or Land held for 15 Thakurani jag!r or performing ~~",-'b._';).'t ~';).\"' lIeba 1;lu\a to the chakran or Thakur deity seba debottar jagir or Deshakotha thakur jami Pirottar Land held for wor 3 ship of pir Dana or Dana bhumi or Rent free gift 45 Bhukan dano or Dana mafi or Datta sutra or ·Dana swarup deba dangara or Dana sutra mourasi 144 . ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND T ABLElII Held from private persons or With right of permanent, heritable ans;} With right of ()I;fm,anynt and heritable' posscssion transferable possession but wIthout tight of transfer No. of No. of <). Legal house Legal house State/District toe.al names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 632 149 Hasilat OCCupanCY ra'yat 57 Jirayati 43 Rayati or 18 Rayati jami Nayabadi 14 (Ne~iy reclaimed waste land given on occupancy basis) Dakhal satwa Occupancy raiyat 11 Ana badi dakhal 2 (Un~~ltivated land acquired by an occupancy raiyat) Dakhal satwa Occupancy raiyat 2 bihina (Rent free lands taken on bhag) Kraya Oc;cupahcy raiyat Kinua sutra 145 ORISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO tim NATURE OF -RIGHTS-·IN LAND institutions (Item I (ii) of-the Schedule)-Contd. Mortgagees in possession Holding free of "ent or on nominal rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of No. of Legal house- Legal hbuse- Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 26 62 Bl!l1dhak or Mortgagee in 21 Inarn jarni Inam tenure 18 Banohak jami possession Lakharaj Rent free grant 4 Asthai dakhal 4 Niskara 3 satwa (Bandhak) " Bhogara or Rent free land held 7 Bhogara satwa by a service tenure holder Bandhak sutra " Jagiri or Jagir Rent free grant for 4 rendering per- sonal service to zamindar Dehur jagiri Chowkldari 01' Service land attached ,3 Chowkidari mafi to the -office of the village headman "(Collec- tion agent): Naria Service tenure of 2 waterman "' Ji}ankar jarni Service tenure of watchman Kalti Rent free"service tenure Brahmotta:r Rent free grant ~.6 ,of land to' "brahmin Debott.. r Rent free grant to 4 dei ties or temples Bhukan'dano or Rent free gift 8 Dana or Dana sutra 146 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private persons or Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE 1259 354 Kara sutra or Under raiyat 148 Sanja or Rayati Under raiyat 155 Rayati kara sutra sajha Kara 195 Sanja sutra or 63 Rayati sanja sutra Bhogara kara 32 (Bhogara" lands Hasilat sanja sutra 16 held on fixed (Hasilat" or cash rent) lakharaj land held on ara chhidol Under raiyat payment of fixed (Chhidolland produce {ent) held on pay- ment of cash rent) Sanja bhaga Under raiyat 12 Mafidar kara sutra Under raiyat Sikim sanja 5 (Mafidal lands " held on fixed Sanja bandhak 3 cash rent) sutra " Sanja sutra 2 Thika or Thika Under raiyat 138 (Thani) " (Sanja sutre) or Rayati thika Sanja satwa " ,Bhogara thika 53 Nirdhista sanja jami (Bhogara" lands " taken on pay- Pahi sanja sikim ., ment of fixed cash rent) Khamar sanja 1 [Khamar" land Thika chasa Under raiyat 38 (Private land of proprietor) held Barsika thika 27 on fixed produce " rent] Thika sutra .. 10 Thika satwa 2 Drabya sutra Under raiyat 81 (Hasilat" or lakharaj land Drabya guna ., 1 held on pay- ment of fixed Hasilat artha 1 cash rent) Drabya sutra (Ha;ilat land held on payment Thika patta Under. raiyat of cash or kind rent) Thika sutra dakhal jami (Hasilat" or Katautu Under raiyat 6 lakharaj land (Hasilat or held by tenant lakharaj land on payment of held on payment fixed cash rent) of fixed produce rent) 147 ORISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO 'i'HE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND in8titutions (Item I (ii) o/lhe Sohedule)-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying re,nt as share Unclassified of produce No. of No. of Legal house- hoil$e Local names terminology holds Local names' holds 1 2 3 2 756C 162 Bhaga sutra or Under raiyat 3187 Dangar.. ~ado or 72 Bhaga sutra , Dangar beda rayati or Bhagua sutra or Anabadi 39 Bhaga sutra rayati (Thani) - , Poramboke 14 Bhaga ehasa 1922 Podaro 12 Bhaga or Bhag or 1294 Bhague or Bhagua 10 Bhoga rayati or. .. Bhagaj~i Bhagya 4 Dhuli Bhag .. 559 Koth ehas 4 / Adha bhaga ehasa .. 102 Jd1luji. dangar~ 2 Jaml Bhagasatwa 69 'Grama kotha sptra Adha bhaga sutra 66 Bhai !baru, hoxis Bhagada ehasa 52 , Mamu hasturu Bhaga sutra rayati 18 prapta satwa .. Gudo Bhaga ehasa sa\wa 13 " Manak ja11}i Hasilat bhaga- sutra 11 Barsika bhaga lQ Dakhal bhaga sutra .. 7 Bhaga sutra 5 bhogara (Bh~gara lands taken on bhag) Sthitiban bhaga Under raiy"t 5 sutra Bhaga Patta .. 4 Thakurjami bhaga l sutra (Temple.. land taken on pay~ ment of a sharo of produce) BhagawaJi Under raiyat 2 Bhagual 2 Bhaguali ehasa 148 O~ISSA LOCAL NAMES AND, LEGAL TERMINOLOQY OF TENURES AND TABLE n Held from private per80na or. Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent No. of No, of Legal house Legal houso State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE Artha sutfa or Under raiyat 316 Karadhari Under raiyat i Rayati artha sutra Karuasarta 1 - Artha drabya sutra 40 'Bhogara sajha. 2 Artha drabyare 35 (Ser~ice land cultivated on Artha drabya 31 payment of fixe d produce rent) Artha 21 Debottar sanja Under raiyat \ Artha satwa 18 sikim (Temple land cultivated on Artha sutra bhogara 3 payment of fixed (Bh~gara lands produce rent) held on fixed cash rent) Artha sutra·from Under raiyat 3 jamidar Artha sutra 3 praja satwa 3 Artha and bhaga (La~d taken on sutra partly eash and partly share of produce) Artha sutra chhidol Under raiyat 2 Arthakare thika 2 Artha sutra thika 2 Artha dwara 1 Artha bhaga " Nirdhista khajana 73 sutra Nirdhista khajana 7 Barsi ka patta 12 Barsika chhidol I,. 1 (Chhidol lands on fixed cash rent) . 149 QRISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE..NATURE OF·RIGHTS.IN-L:AND institutions (Item 1 (ii) 91 the Schedule)-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share Unclassified of produce No; of No. of Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names holds 1· 2 3 1 2 Pujhari jarni bhaga Under raiya.t (Lands taken on bhag from a priest) Niskar bhaga sutra Under raiyat (Rent free land taken on bhag) SeJ>a. sutra. bhaga Under raiYat 1 Bhaga sutra (Thika) '! 1 Dhuli bhaga bakhara Patta sutra bhaga " Sikim or Sikim rayati ~O Sikimlsatwa 13 Sikim satwa bisista 6 Sikim bhag 5 Sikim dhuli bhag Brahmottar sikim 1 (Brahmottar lands taken on bhag) Sik:im bhaga bala Under raiyat 1 gosein bhaga Sikim seva puja jagir 1 (Religious" land taken on bhag) 150 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private persons or Ordinary-tenants paying fixed ca~h rent Ordimtry.tenants pRying fixed produce rent No. of No. of y::gal house Legal house StatejDistrict Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 O~ISSA STATE Khajanare Under raiyat 11 (Hasilat or lakharaj land 1:l.~l.d ~n. "??'i ment of fixed c~shrent) Khajanaku Under raiyat 2 Tanka kara sutni Tan'ka akare 2 (Lar{ds taken on payment of cash consideration) Tanka sutra " .Tankoli Under raiyat 3 Oran tankoli 2 Bhagoi tankoli Phula bari odan 2 Udan 2 Nagad tanka del. Na,ad guna inam 1 " Tak'uli sarta 151 O;RISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO 'IRE N~TURJj', OF RIGHTS.IN LAND tnstitutions (Item I (ii) of the Schedule)"_Contd. Ordinary-tenants paying rent as share Unclassified of produce No. of , No. of Legal house house Lqcal DaIl!es terminology holdS Local names holds 2 3 2 Debottar bhaga sutra Under raiyat 71 l?ebottar bhaga satw'! 2 (Deb~ttar lands taken OD bhag) Bakhara ,Under raiyat 24 Bakhara satwa 1 Chasa sutra 1 Chasa jami (O.T.R.) .. 152 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND ~EGAL TERMINOLOGY.OF' TENURES AND TABLE II Held from.private pel"80ns or Ordinary tena(l,ts paying fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying 'fixed produce rent _No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/Distric( Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 ORISSA STATE {Tribal) 109 39 Thika chasa Under raiyat 34 San.ia / Under raiyat 20 Thika 18 Ha.silat .sanja sutra 16 , (Hasllat or Thika sutra 2 lakharaj land held on payment of Thika satwa fixed produce rent) (Ha;Uat or lakharaj land held on payment of Sanja sutra' Under raiyat 2 fixed cash tent) 'J) Karua sarta Thika sutra dakhal Under raiyat jami (Hasilat or lakharaj land held by tenant on pay ment of fixed casft rent) Artha sutra Under raiyat 18 7 Artha drabya sutra " Arthakare thika 2, \' Artha dwara ,. 1 Artha bhaga Khajanare 11 (Hasilat or lakharaj land held on payment of fixed cash rent) Kara. sutra Under raiyat 7 Karua. Tanka akare 2 (La~ds taken on payment of ca.sh consideration) 153 ORISSA' TENANCIES, ACCORDING TO THE NATURE, OF RIGHTS IN LAND in8titutions (Item I (ii) of the Schedule)-Contd. ordlnary tenants paying rent as share Unclassified of produce No. of ~. of Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names .holds 2 3 2 244 3 Bhaga chasa Under raiyat 104 Koth chas 2 Bhaga sutra 82 Ma)lakjami Bhagada ch&sa 38 Bhag 11 Dakhal bhaga sutra .. 7 Bakhara. Chasa sutra " 154 ORISSA LOCAL NAMES AND,LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TE'NURES AND TABLE II Held from private persons or Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent qrdinary tenants paying fixed produce rent No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 ORTSSA STATE Tanka sutra Under raiyat (Lands taken on payment of cash consideration) Nagad tankadei Under raiyat Takuli S!lrta TABLE III Land leased-out to private ORISSA STATE Grand Total 6283 Sthitiban (908) Zirayati or Jirayati (738) Raiyati or Rayati jami (671) Pahi (73) Rayati satwa (69) Patta-or Patta sthitiban (5) Nija chasa sthitiban (5) Nija chasa (4) Dakhal satwa (4) Praja satwa (4) Sivai (4) l(ara rayati (3) Tanki bajyapti (2) Bikri (2) Bikri hissabe datta (.2) Kharid bikri sutra (2) Bikri nama sutra (2) Bhaga. chasa Bikri sutra mourusi (I) Bikri bhaga sutra (I) Sikim (1) Bandhaki (166) Bandhak sutra (137) Artha sutra bandhak (25) Rayati bandhaki satwa (2) Kala bandhak (2) Dana (2) Bandhak kara chhidol sutra (1) Bandhak tankali (1) Lakharaj (62) Jagir or Jagir jami (33) Bahel or BaheH (32) Tanki baheH (31) Dana inam (25) Debatwar Jami (23) Brahmottar jami bhaga sutre (3) Debottar mafi (2) Desaheta (2) Jagir satwa (2) Chaukidari jagir (2) Dana tanki (1) Madha satwadhikari rafa tanki (I) Bhaga sutra (l104)i3haga chasa (747) Bhaga (298) Arth Butra or Artha sutre (26) jami bhaga sutra (20) Chhidol (16) Lagan (16) Adha bhaga (15) Kara (14) Bhaga sutTa dakhal satwa (14} Rayati Drabya sutra (7) Sanja sutre (7) Chasa Jarp.i (6) Bakhara (5) Patta Butra (4)- Artha bhaga sutra (4) 'Barsika Tankali (3) Thika sutre (3) Drabya bhaga sutre (3) Gahana (3) Banjar (3) Malik satwa (3) Karua (3) Artha bhoga (2) Hisilal bhaga sutra (2) Rayati artha drabya (I) Kara babad (I) Bhogra bra (1) Bhogra chhidol (1) Chh.idol sutra (I) bhaguaJi (1) Thika bhaga (I) Bhaga sutra to brothers (1) Bhaga sutra (Dhuli bhaga) (1) Sahajal bhag sutra (1) -jami (1) Artha sutra gaharla bhaga (1) Nija bogra (l) Paramboke (1) Khajana (1) Encroachmen~ (1): ORISSA STATB (Tribal) Grand Total 121 Hasilat (25) Zir... yati or HraiH (10) Kharid bikri sutra (2) Rayati jami (l) Bandhak or Bandhak jam; (13) Bandhak Chasa sutra (2) Bhaga (2) Banjar (1) Khajana (1) Sanja (1) Thika bhaga (I) Guda jami (1) Thika sutra (I)~ 155 ORISSA TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND .institutions (Item 1 (ii) afthe Schedule)-Concld. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share Unclassified of produce No. of No. of Legal house . house Local names terminology holds Local names hoJds 2 3 2 perso'M (Item 2 of th~ Schedule) jami (45) Hasilat (34) Rayati patta (27) Thani mourusi (18) Rayati kara sutra (12) Rayati ",rtIla sutra (7)' Rayati sutra (5) Baheli Bhaga sutra rayati (3) Dakhali sutra deithiba (3) Dakhal satwa bisista (3) Rayati lakhmj (2) Sthitiban, bahel bajyapti (2) Bajyapti (2) praj!" dakhal (2) Sthitibat'l rayati satwa (1) Bajyapti sthitiban (1) Nayabadi (1) Padia jifl~yati (1) Mourusi (1) Thani (t) Bikri sutra (J) Bandhaki satwa (9) Gahan sutra. (8) Bandhak sutra rayati (6) Bhudano (5) Bandha deithiba jami (4) Udana (3) Dakhal bandhak (2) Rayati bandhaki (1) Bhaga and bandhak (1) Thinka bandhak (1) Bikri sutra bandhak (1) Dana patra' (1) Dana sutra (1) Inam (1l7) Brahmottar (20) Devottar or Debottar (13) Niskar (10) Mahal (6) Madhya satwadhikari (5) Bhogra (3) Debonar jagir sutre (3) Dana sutra (1) Khanja sutra jagiri (1) Mahatran jagir bhage sutre (l) Debottar satwa (1) Niskar dangar jami (1) Jhankari jami (1) 'Sanja (58) Kara sutra (47) Dhuli Bhaga (47) Artha drabya or Artha (41) Nirdhista khajana (23) Artha (22) Thika (20) Raiyatf arlha sutra (12) Barsika patta (11) Bhaga satwa ~lO) Patta (9) Anabadi (9) Patla bhagi (8) Jabar dakhal (8). Artha drabya sutre (7) thika (4) Barsika bhag (4) Bhag sutra to son (4) Bhaga sthitiban (4) Sthitiban rafa tanki (4) Sivai jami (4) Bhogra kara sutra (3) Patta lagan (2) Artha sutra thika (2) Bhagua (2) Bhaga and sanja sutra (2) Chasa sutra (2) Sikim sat.wa (2) Sthitiban bhaga sUH~ (2) Rayati chhidol (1) Lagan tankali (1) Padar jami (1~ Padar artha sutra (1) Artha sutta chhidol (1) Barsika bhag sutra (1) Barsika Sthitiban raiyatUanki (1) Jagiri sthitiban (1) Bajyapti (1) Nayabadi rayati (I) Khas dak;'Jlal bhag (1) Bhaga bakhara sutra (I) Guda deithibajami (3) Inam (7) Niskar dangar jami (1) Bhag TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heri table and transferable possession including right to lease No. of Legal house- State/District Local names terminology holds. 2 3 PUNJAB STATE Grand Total 17368 17211 Malikiyati or Land owner 16544 Malkiyati Allottee 596 Malkiyat khudkasht 29 Malik khudkasht 21 Malik kamil khudkasht 18 Malik biswedar 2 Allottee sarkar se PUNJAB STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 101 101 Malkiyati Land owner 62 Malik khudkasht 21 Malik kamil khudkasht 18 Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but 2. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable possession but without or limited 3. No entry against category 'Holders of special alienated or other non-ryotwari tenures' 4. No entry against category 'Encroachers and trespassers' 5. No entry against categorY 'Jhum cultivators' . 157 PUNJAB TENANCIES ACCORDING TO HiE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I ~i) of the Schedule) Conditional Or temporary lessees or assignees of Gov,ernment land No. of Legal house Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 157 Pattedar (Kiston per Temporary]ease 81 malguzar sel holder Sarkari thekadar .. .«l Sarkari thekapar 8 " Patte par ., 4 Sarkari custodian .. 3 Custodian ., without rii:ht to lease' right of transfer' 158, PUN.TAB LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private perSOn8 or Mortgagees in possessIon Holding free ofTent or on nominal Ordinary -tenants paying fixed rent in lieu of or not in lieu of . cash rent service ~ No. of No. of No. of 17gal house- Legal house Legal bouse state/District Local names termillology holds Local names terminology holds local names terminology holds 2 3 -2 3 "2 3 PUNJAB STATE Grand Total 10917 1127 9 2357 Rehan Rehan ba 1074 _ Bila lagan Rent free 3 Chakota Tenant 620 'kabza '1=\ (Mortgagee in Nagdi lagan 547 possession) Khidmati Rent free or Lagan " tenant in nagdi or Rehan ba 46 lieu of Nakdi lagan kabza " service Theka or 618 Gehne 5 Muzara 5 Thekepar " .. khidrnati Rehan katoti 2 Chakotapar or 193 Chakotadar Naqdi or 179 Nagdi or Nakdi Lagan 163 Patta 18 Pattapar 7 Bilmukti 5 chakota Pattedar 4 Bilrnukta 2 MU7.ara bilmukti PUNJAB STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 15 2 Rehan katoti Rehan ba 2 kabza (Mortgagee in possession) Note :-1. No entry against category 'With right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession' 2. No entry against category 'With right of permanent and heritabl~ possession but without right of ~ransfer' 159 PU~JAB, TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE 'NATURE OF BIGHTS IN LAND ijl,atitutiort8 (Item I (m of the Schedule) Ordinary tenants Paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent as Crop-sharers without tenancy Sub-tenants or tenants of produce rent share of produce rights sub-tenants No. of No. of No. of No. of. Legal no use- Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- Local names terr;ninology 'holds Local names terminology holds Local na.mes terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 106 7281 , 36 1 Jinis or Jinsi Tenant SS Batai Tena,nt 7263' Sid or Partnership 36 Muzara Sub,.-tenant Seeri on crop- shikmi Laganjinsi 51 Batlli jinsi 9 sharing " " basis -Galla batai _, 5 Muzara batai 3 Muzara 1 13 Galla batai Tenant 5 Batai 4 Muzara batai 3 Muzara TABLE,IIl Land leased-out to private persons (Item 2 of_the Schedule) PU;NJAB STATE Grand Total 5028 Rahan (344) Rahan ba kabza (36) Gehne (3) Batai (3846) Theka (180) Jinsi or Jinis (144) Chakota (125) Naqdi or Nagdi or Nagadi (100) Lagan (98) Nakdi 1agan or Lagan nakdi (88) Chakotaper (41) Pattedar (7) Thaikaper or Thekaper (6) Patta or Patah (4) Pattaper (4) Bila lagan (1) Binmuktijins (1) PUNJAB STATE (Tribal) 160 RAJASTHAN LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I- Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari bolders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and . heritable and transferable possession herita ble possession but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house. Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 RAJASTHAN STATE Grand Total 65672 5048 Khatedat or Khatedar Khatedar 1704 Khatedari 270 Khud kasht khatedar 37 Bandobasti .. khatedari 15 14 Bhog (Khud kast) or Mafi bhog 6 khud kasht Khatedari haq .. Gair khatedar 1385 Malki or Maliki 1575 5 Bapidar or Bllpi\ or Bapidari 2 Morusi or Morousi Patted",r Pattki permanent Patte se Khewat .. Kharid ki hue or Kharidi hue Kharidkari (Khatedari) Kashtkar Mafi (Khud kasht) or Mafidar khud " kasht Biswedar or Biswedari Note :~l. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but without 2. No entry against category 'Jhum cultj'l'ators' • 161 RAJASTHAN TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATVRE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule) Holders of special alienated Conditiona.l or temporary Encroachers ami trespassers Unclassified or other non-ryotWari lessees or" assignees of tenures Government land No. pf No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legall house- Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 5 1575 37 3777 Mafi khidmat Village servIce Arzi kasht- Gair khatedar 688 Encroacher or Trespasser 37 Unclassified 3777 dehi grantee ka~ or Encroacher Arzi kasht (Sarkari) Bhomkahaq Bhom tenure 4, (Temporary lease) Arzi sarkari 192 (Shifting) or ", _Sarkari arzi Sarkari arzi 181 kasht' or Sarkari arzi or Arz\ sarkari (Temporary lease) Arzi kasht 107 (Shifting) Arzi kasht 41 (Notor) Shifting 118 cultivator or Shifting cultivator (Sarkari) Batai 156 Bataiper 20 " Patteper 27 (Conditional lease) or Condition,al lease (Patteper) Naqdi 13 (Cash rent) Temporary 9 lease (Sarkari) or 'Temporary lease right to lease' 162 RAJASTHAN LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLQGY OF TENURES AND I TABLE.I OW1i'ed...or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of pennanent, Ryotwari holders with right of pennanent and heritable and transferable possession herita ble possession but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Stat~/District I.:ocal names terminOlogy holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 I ' 2 RAJASTHAN STATE Inam mali Khatedar 2 (Khud kasht) Zamindari 2 Mafi maudir khud .. 1 kasht Jagir khud kasht 1 Sarkar se rnol lee 3 (Khated... ri) .. o>-operative .. 1 Kabza rnalkana 6 RAJASTHAN STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 2517 2204 Khatedar Khatedar 1704 Malki 270 Khud ka.sht 37 khatedar " Pattedar IS Bapidar 14 Malki haq ... 6 KhsTidkari (Khatedari) ,~, G~lir khatedar Gair kbatedar 63 Sarkar se prapt .. 94 163 RAJASTHAN TENANCIES ACCORDIN(j TO THE NATURE OF 'RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (t) of t/l,e Schedule)-Conold. Holders of special alienated Conditional or tempora.ry Encroachers and trespassers Unclassified or other non-ryotwari lessees or assignees of tenure Government land No.ot No. of No. of No.Cof Legal house- Legal house- Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminologY holds Local Dames holds 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 Conditional Gair khatcdar 8 lease Thekeper 7 Lagan per ", 5 (Cash rent) Naqdi lagan 2 per (Tem- porary lease) "'Conditiona!' 5 Shifting Gair khatedar 4 Unclassified cultivator Arzi kasht (Shifting) 164 RAJASTHAN LOCAL :NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF l'EN1:JRES AND TABLE II Heldfrom private persons or With right of permanent and 'heritable Mortgagees in possession possession but without right of transfer No. of ~ No. of Legal house~ Legal house. St~te/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology hOlds 2 3 2 3 RAJASTHAN STATE Grand Total 3179 '35 119 Co-operative Sub·tena.nt 18 Girvi Mortga~in 83 society possessIOn Society 12 Rahan 19 Co-operative 4 Mortgage with 16 tiossessibtl Notor Rahan per Ii hui " -RAJASTHAN STATE (Tribal) Grand Tota.l 28 Note :-No entry against category 'With right of permanent. heritable and transferable possession' 165 TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND 'n&titutions (Ttem 1 (ii} oj the Schedule) Holding'free of·rel1t or on nominal Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent rent in lieu of or not .in lieu of service No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Local namc:s terminology holds Local nantes terminology holds 2 3 2 3 63 396 Mafi mandir Rent free grantee 25 Naqdi Sub·tenant 211 Naqdiper 53 Mafi ~2 Thekeper 36 Mafi kashtkar .. 13 Cash rent. O' 30 Mafi ki zamin 2 Naqdi lagan 29 Mafidar Partadehi 12 " 10 Tawani leasht " Laganper 5 Patteper 4 Ijareper .. 3 Hasil· 1 ljara Theke sejot .. 1 1 1 Mafi Rent free grantee 1 Naqdi Sub-tenant 1 166 :RAJASTHAN LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINbLOGX OF TENURES' AND TABLE, n Held from. private persons or Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent produce rent as share'of produce No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 3 RAJASTHAN STATE 1 17~8 \. Fllted produce rent Sub-tenant Batai Sub-tenant 1564 Bataiper 135 Crop-sharer 58 Hissedar 8 Hisseper .. 7 Pantid,ar .. 9 ~anti 7 'RAJASTHAN : STATE : (Tribal) 14 Batai Sib-tenant ,. 14 TABLE III Land leasec.!-fJlut to private "~~ RAJNs'FHAN STATE Grand Total 923 JChatedari haq (111) Khatedar (47) Morusi (12) Maliki haq (10) Malki (10) Bapidari (8) Khateki (3) Par (Rent free grant) (7) Mafijamin(2) Mafi masjid (Devasthan) (2) :Oolly (Mafi) (I) Mafi khatedar (I) Batai (409) (Crop share) (3) Na}ldilagan (Cash rent), (3) Sharer (3) Hisseper (I) Laganper (Cash rent) (1) Hasilper RAJASTHAN STATE (Tribal) Gralld Total 3 Bhog khatedari (I) Khatedari ha,\ (1) Batai (1)' 167 RAJASTHAN TENANCIES AC~ORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND l128titutio'M (Item I {ii) of the Schedule)-Concld. Crop-sharers without (Qnancy ri!~ttts Sub-tenants or tenants of Unclassified Sub-tenants No. of No. of No. of Legal house . Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local dames holds 2 3' 2 3 2 4Z 389 346 S.aj~a:r Partner in 36 Shikmi ·Sub-tena.nt 301 Unctassified 346 cultivati()n Shlkml kasht 42 Sajha • 2 " Sub-tenant 36 Sajheoari 2 Jan! 10 Sa.ji . " Sajtti 6 6 Shl)(mi Sub-tenant 6 UncI assified 6 pe'8~,¥UJ (Item 2 oj the Schedule) cheki (1) Bhog (K;hatedar) (1) Rahen (6) Gahane dhari hul (3) Baraskati (3) Gahnai (Mortgager) (1) Girvl (1) By mortgage (1) Mafi Batai lata adholl (65) Bataiper (22) Naqdi (Cash rent) (16) Cash rent (7) The,b~per (Lease) (4) Shikmi (Sub-tenanf] (4) Sajha (Cash rent) (1) Gairbapi (1) Ijara (Fixed) (I)' Jaili (Sub-tenant) (1) Unclassified (150) , 168 UTTAR' PRADESH LOCAL NAMES AND I,EGAL TERMINOLOGY-OF TENpRES kND TABLE I Owned o~ held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent; Ryotwari hoiders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable possession but without or but yvithout right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal - house Legal house State7Distriet Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 UTTAR pRADESH STATE Grand Total 76985 28555 45878 Bhumidhar Bhumidhar 27650 Sirdar Sirdar 45536 Apni 821 Maurusi '0 165 Bhuswami ., 32 Dakhilkar 115 Maurusi 28 Pucca khaikar ,31, " .. Khudkasht 22 Pattedari 24 Kharidari 2 Hissedari 4 ," Nayator Sarvodaya Pattadar Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession 2. No entry against category 'Encroachers and trespassers' 3. No entry a&ainst category 'Jhum cultivators' 169 UTTAR PRADESH TEN~NCIES ACCORDING TO TJIE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND mtnt (Item I (i) of the Schedule) Holdcrs of special alienated or other Conditional or temporary lessees or assignees . non-ryotwari tenures of Government land No. of No. of J-egal house Legal holds house- Local names terminology Local names terminology holds 3 2 3 2297 255 1711 Hisscdari Hissedar Maurusi Government 137 lessee Maurusi_ Maurusidar 487 Sarkar se prapt 96 85 Khudkasht Hissedar Punarvas 14 Kharidari 1<1 Bhumidhar <4 Gram samaj ke asam! Asami 3 Custodian se prapt Government J. lessee ' includinll riiht to leasc' 170 UTTAR PRAtiESH LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY,OF TENURES AND .. TABLE II Held from private persons or I With right ot permanent, heritable With right of permanent and Holding free of rent or on nominal and transferable possession heritable possession but rent in lieu of or not in lieu without right of transfer of service No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- ,State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 UTTAR PRADESH STATE 9rand Total 9247 ---9 347 4 Pucca khaikar Pucca 9 Kbaikari Khaikar 150 Mangnipar Sirtan 4 kbaikar Khaikar 197 Note :-1. No entry against category 'Mortgagees in pos!iession' 2. No eJ1try against category 'Sub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants' 1_7.1 UTT~ PRADESH TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND iIWtitutions ~ltem I (ii) of the Schedule) Ordinary tenants Vayi"ng fixed Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent Crop-sharers without tenancy cash rent produce rent as sha!e of produce . rights No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 268 13 8594 12 Lagan par or Asami 92 Jinswar Asami 8 Datai or Asami 7385 Sajha Asami 11 Lagan par Jins batai prapt Jins par 5 Sajhedar " Asami 534 Nagdi or 76 " Nagdi par Sirtan Sirtan 488 Nagdi ki batai 29 Datai 72 Sarmuiyan 71 Adheiya ,. 4 Sikmi Asami 34 Gair dakhilkar 20 Kashtkar or 53 Kashtkari Hissedari 4 TABLE ill Land leased-out to private per80n8 (Item 2 of the Schedule) UITAR PRADESH STATE ,Grand Total ~ Khaikar (20) Maurusi (8) Batai (463) Sikmi (28) Sirdar ki batai (17) Adhivasi (12) Maurusi ki batai (7) Nagdi par batai (5) Ardh batai (2) Asami (2) Ghair dakhildar (1) 172 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or heZd from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and transfemble possession heritable possession but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house~ State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE Grand Total 71432 68664 1446 Rayati or Raiyat Raiyat 36704 Raiyati or Ryot Raiyat 758 or Rayat (Fa satwa shal) or Ryat satwa or Ryati Nija jami or Nija (Held in khas 167 jami rayati or Nija or possession) Nija zami ryoti Raiyat Ryot sthitiban or (Settled raiyat) 24905 Ryot sthitiban or (Settled raiyat) 101 Ryat sthitiban Raiyat Ryoti sthitiban Raiyat satwa or Ryat sthitiban nija jami or Ryot Kayemi Raiyat 89 sthitiban hastantar j 0 gga Pattadar 81 Raiyati sthaiye (Settled raiyat) 45 Nija or Nij (Held in khas 1861 hastantarer Raiyat rayati or Nij possession) kshmata saha jami rayati or Raiyat Rayati nija hale Rayat dakhal (Occupancy 44 or Nija jami satwa raiyat) dhaner or Raiyat Nijaswa raiYati nijajami or Chukani satwa Raiyat 29 Sarkar haita prapt nijajami or Nij chas or Kshati puran dia (Land possess 13 Nija dakhal or dakhal ed after giving Nij chash compensation mokarari or to the owner) Raiyat nij chas Raiyat Kayemi Raiyat 752 Rayat sthaiyee (Settled raiyat) 12 uttaradhikar Raiyat o hastantarer Chukani or 520 adhikar saha Chukani satwa or bhumi satwa Chukani nija satwa dakhalia Meadi satwa Raiyat 10 Mokorari (Settled raiyat 514 sthitiban or holding at a Sthayee (Settled raiyat) 8 Mokrari or rent or rate of Raiyat Raiyat mokrari rent fixed in or Mokarari perpetuity) satta or Mokarari Raiyat Malik satwa ( Proprietory 5 maurashe right) Raiyat Note :--.- No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but without 173 WEST BENGAL TENANCIES ACCORDI~C TO THE NATURE OF RIGlI!S IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule) ~ Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees or Encroachers' and tr'espassers U nclassifie d other non-ryotwari tenures assignees of Government land No. of No. of 'No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local, names terminology holds - Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 123 962 77 160 Madhya satta Tenure holder 83 Anumati Land held by 364 Jabar dakhal Adverse 58 Rayati lease 24 or Madhya dakhal permission possession swatta or or licensee Right from 13 kheot ma- Sarkarer jami Govt. land 13 West Bengal dhya 8watta Sarkar nikat Licensee or 151 jabar dakhal adverse I Govt. exch- haita prapt temporary possession ange of Ghatuali Ghat wale 27 or Sarkar lessee of labour (Le., certain haite prapta Govt. Khas jabar Adverse 6 tenures cre- dakahl possession Asthayi 4 ated in the Thika or Thika The land held 151 uttaradhikar past in khajanar jami as licensee o ha~tanter \ which the or Thika on condi- tenure hol- khajana or" tion to pay Sarkar nikat 3 der enjoys Thika jami stipulated nija the income or Thika money of the satwa or Held from 2 tenure in Thika sutre Govt. made return for a grant guarding the Sarkarer Licensee or SO ghats and adheney temporary ~ma 2 carrying on lessee of functions of Govt. Fashal rural police) utbpadan Satwa bihin Temporary 45 astbayee lessee Jamai Bramhttar Rent free te- 7 bhog dakhal of Govt. nure grant- Vudanjogya ed to brah- Sarkarer nikat Conditional 35 baite pIapt min5 baita sartta- lessee of jami dhina prapta Govt. Malikani Land held by 5 jaminattya Nana prukar a proprietor raiyati for mainte- Sarkarer khas (Govt. ten- 29 nanCe ant) Temp- Mulan orary Niskor tenure Rent free lessee of - Sarkarer nikat tenure Govt. nija pIapt Sarkarer (Govt. sur- 19 Not stated 106 udbritta plus) Licen- see or temp- orary lessee of Govt. Ijara or ljara (Contract) 14 tbika Conditional' Govt. lessee Sarkari or Licensee or 13 Sarkarer temporary lessee of Govt. right to lease' 174 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAiJ TERMINOLOGY OF TE~URES AND T ABLE I Owned or herd from th~ Govern Ityotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and- transferable possession heritable possession but without or includillg right to lease lin1ited right of transfer No, of No. of Legal house Legal house holds Local names terminology holds State/District Local names terminology / 2 3 2 I 3 WEST BENGAL STATE (Settled raiyatl 350 Pakhurey (Who pays all 3 Sthayee or Stha costs of culti- ye, satya ~or Raiyat ,vation except Sthaee hastan rent and reaps- tar or Sthayee all profits for rayati '" which he pays a fixed amount 291 to the land Sthayee ,uttaradhi (Permanent, ()wne1:) Ra\:;a\ kari 0 hastan heritable and terer khamata transferable) jukta 'Raiyat Bikri satwa Raiyat 2 sthayee uttaradhi (Interest in 225 kar 0 hastan land with per manen\, ner)ian)c, M~~\l;;:~,>\~ ~t'l1a. (Land: held b~ 1 ter adbikarer a proprietory bhumi satwa and transferable right) Raiyat for maintena- nce) Raiyat (Perma~ent. 23 Sthayee uttaradhi Raiyat kar hastanterer heritable and Sadharan rayl1ti jajya • tranefarable) jot Rahat Uttaradhikar (Inherited) 4 satwa Raiyat Sthayee uttaradh(. (Inherited and 246 held permane kari or Raiyati Jot or Jotdari (Tenure holder) ,30 sthayi uttaradhi ntly) Raiyat Raiyat kari Rayat sarkar Raiyat 259 haite prapta or Rhcbot 6 Sarkar prapt raiyat Sikmi satwa (Under raiyat) 18 RaiYat Dakhali or Rayati (Occupancy 213 ' .. dakhali or raiyat) Dakhali swatta Raiyat Rayati flhutk"Ji Raiyat with khu- 19 or MUs\af\ ,nlkuti ,:I~.ht. gutkali ,1, e,. the Il6ht Raiyati praja (The right of a 171 assured is nbt swatta or Krishi cultivating liable to enha- praja satwa or ' raiyat) ncement Praja aatwa or Raiyat Praja sathya jami J{has or Khas (Land in khas 94 jami or Khas possession) dakhal Raiyat 175 WES,] BENGAL TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE, OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Sahedule)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees or Encroachers and trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house-' Legal house- Legal house- house Local na!l1es terminology holds Local names tetminology holds Lo~l parnes terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 Thika The ian d held 12 bandobasta &s licensee ()n condi- t.ion to pay ~tipulated money Lease Temporary 11 lessee ()f Govt. Sarkarer nikat Lic:ensee in 8 artha nirdis- Clovt.land tey prapt ()n cash' rent Arther Temporary 6 binimoy lessee on sarkari c:ash rent Sarkarer nikat Lic:ensee or .5 8sthai lessee of bandobastha Govt. Anumati Land held by 2 swatta Ilermission ()n lease or license Asthayce Temporary lessee ()f Govt. Sarkari bhag Lic:ensee or -'Iemporary lessee of Govt. Sarkari meadi Temproary bandobasti lessee tmder Govt. Sarkari khan LiCensee of jamir Ithas land of bandobasta Govt. Licence bale Licensee or Lessee of Govt. Pattan New settle- 1 ment Contract (Contract) Conditional Covt. lessee 176 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from tht GOtlt!'» Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable possession but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology' holds 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL Sthayec chukani Raiyat 79 Mourashi dhan or (Permanentand 66 Mourashi or heritable) Morushi sattya or Raiyat Kayemi mourasi Rayat dakhal (Permanent and 29 satwa bisistha transferable) hastantarer Raiyat Raiyati paitrik (By inheritance) 81 satta or Paitrik or Raiyat Paitrik sthitiban Raitati uttaradhi 31 kar sutre or Uttaradhikar swatta Sthitiban (Settled raiyat) 64 Raiyat J Mal swatta (Having rights 59 in land as different from rights in water) Raiyat Meyadi satwa or Raiyat 55 Meadi satta or Meadi, Raiyati jot R;,'ot sthitiban (Settled raiyat) sarkar haita Raiyat prapta hastantar jogga . Chirasthai Raiyat 29 Ryot sthitiban (Land subject 25 qthbandi or to a variable Uthbandi cash rent an nually assessed on the basis of area cultivated during the year) Rai;,'at 177 WEST BENGAL TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF 'RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (.) of the Sohedule)--Contd. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees or Encroachers and trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds.. 2 3 2 3 1 3 2 178 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLe I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holdefs with right of permanent, Ryot'wari holders with right . of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable pos~ession but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal ·house Legal house S"tate/District Local name~ terminology holds :Local names terminology holds' ,2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE . Pakhurey (Who pays all 2.) cost orcultiva- tion except rent an_d reaps all profits for which he pays a fi~ed amount to the land owner) Raiyat Adhikari saha (Settled raiyat) 19 ,bhumi sathya Raiyat Kshati puram dia (Land possessed 17 dakhal after givit\g com pensation to the owner) Raiyat Warish sutTe Raiyat 15 I Raiyat and madhya (Held as raiyat 12 satta and tenure hol der) Raiyat Bhaa diUchaI (Right to the use 10 of land) R,aiyat Uthbandi (Written accept 9 kabuliathy ance under whieh land is subject to a va riable cash rent annually asse ssed on the less ees of area cul tivated during the year) Raiyat Bandobasti Raiyat 8 Rayati, bhagar (Raiyat paying £ binimayar or rent in kind) Fasal binimoy Ra~at raiyati sthitiban Kharida Raiyat 4 Nirdirtra takar (On cash rent) 4 baduley , Raiyat) '179 WEST BENGAL TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND m~nt (Item I (i) of the Bohedule)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or 'Conditional or temporary lessees or Encroachers and trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures ; assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of' Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 180 WEST BENGAL LOCAL. NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOG~ OF TENURES, AND TABLE I GUinea or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable posseSSion but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No.of Legal house- Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE Sthayee kabuliot (Written acceptance 3 or Kabuliat of 12 years lease) Raiyat ~. Kharida ryot (Settled raiyat) 3 sthitiban Raiyat Khas pawana Raiy1at 3 Raiyati-kobala sutre (By purchase) 3 Raiyat Maukhik dan Rlliyat 2 Jiban sarta (Life interest) 2 Raiyat KHarid sutre (Permission pos- 2 anumati dakhal session) Raiyat Kayemi thika (Permanent con- tract) Raiyat Bemeyadi (Settled raiyat) Raiyat Raiyati karsha Raiyat 1 Raiyati akrisi 1 Malkina (Land held by a 1 proprietor for maintenance) Raiyat Pitri satwa hisabe Raiyat 1 kawala bihin Ryot mocrab (Raiyat holding at a rent or rate of' rent fixed in per- petuity) Raiyat Sthayee prajaswatwa (Settled and culti- vating raiyat) Raiyat Ejmali satwa (Joint holding) Raiyat 18t WEST- BENGAL 'IENANCmS ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LA..ND I • mllnr (Item 1 Ci) a/the Schedule) -Contd. Holders of special alienated' or Conditional or temporarY'lessees or Encroachers aud trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Legal house- house Local names terminology holds Local names termiuology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 182 WEST BENGAL L-OCAL NAMES A,ND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held·from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent. Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable possession but without or im!luding right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house State/Distriet Local names terminology holds Loear names terminology holds 1 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE Nishkar or Sarkari (Rent free tenure) 67 mourashi nishkar Raiyat or Ryat nisbkar or Chira sthayee nishkar -or Niskar Madhya satta or (Tenure holder) 175 Madhya sattadhi- Raiyat kari or Madhya satya ryat sthiti- ban or Madhwa satwa devottar Jot S9 Madhya satwa nija 12 jami Kheb1>t 4 Dabottar or Nij (le- (Dedicated to a 79 bottar or Debottar deity) Raiyat bhogjati or Ryoti 0 devottar Pirottar [Dedicated to a pir 7 (muslim saint) 1 Re.iyat Ryot sthitiban (Land dedicated to 5 devottar a deity and held as settled raiyat) Raiyat Lakhraj or Lakherai (Revenue free 5 , tenure) Raiyat Masjit pratisthan (Religious tenure) Raiyat ' SabaYliit sutre maIik (Trustee of a -hindu religious land) Raiyat Brahmottar (Rent free tenure, t granted to brah- mins, permanent and heritable) Rjiiyat 183 WEST BENGAL TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LA~D ment (Item I (i) 0/ tke 8ckedule)-Contd. Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees or Encroachers ana trespassers Unclassified other non-ryotwari-tenures assignees of Government land l No. of No. of' No. of "No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house house "Cocal-names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 1 2 3 2 3- 2 184 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable possession but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 WBSTBENGAL STATE Dar chukani or Dar (Under raiyat) 161 chukani satwa or Raiyat Dar chukani krishi praja satwa or Jot chukani Korfa or Korfa 140 rayati or Korfa bhag bistar Sikmi or Sikmi 8atwa 59 or Kayemi sikmi Korfa 0 mUkari 3 mourasatta or Korfa 0 mukari satta WEST BENGAL STATE (Tribal) Gran~ Total 1653 1427 Raiyati or Ryot Raiyat 758 satwa Nija ja.mi or Nija (Held in khas 167 rayati or Nija or possession) Nijazami ryoti Raiyat Ryot sthitiban or (Settled raiyat) 101 Ryoti sthitiban Raiyat Kayemi Raiyat 89 Pattadar 81 ' Raiyati sthaiye has (Settled raiyat).. 45 tantarer kshmata Raiyat saba Rayat dakhal satwa (Occupancy 44 raiyat) Raiyat Chukani satwa Raiy~t 29 Kshati puran dia (Land possessed 13 dakbal after giving com pensation to the owner) Raiyat lSti TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGIJ'J;~ JJ"l LaND 111-~1!-t (Item I (i) of the Sohed'llle)-COl}td.> Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessl'es or Unclassified other non-ryotwari tenures assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Legal . house- house- LQcill names t~rminology uolos Local names termil)ology uolds Local llj,illQ~ terminQ19gy l1"la~ Local nllmtl~ .hol~ 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 104 5 117 Anumati Land held by 48 labar dakhal A.dverse 5 Mulan 1 dakhal permission or possession licensee Rayati lease 10 ~twa bibi!) Temporary 45 Not stated 106 asthayee lessee of .bbog~l1a1 Govt. Sarkarer 4 Sarkarer )l:l;w.s (Govt. tenant) 2 Temporary lessee of Govt. Sarkarer nikat Temporary 2 haite prapt Govt. lessee Ijara The land held 2 as a licensee on condition to pay stipulated money A.sthayee Temporary lessee of Govt. ·186 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE I Owned or held from tlu;: Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari hOlders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable possession but without or including right. to lease limited right of transfer , No, of No. of Legal hous!) Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 WEST BENGAL STATE (Tribal) Raiyat sthaiye (Settled raiyat) 12 uttaradhikar 0 Raiyat hastantai"er adhikar saha bhumi satwa Meadi satwa Raiyat 10 Sthayee (Settled raiyat) 8 Raiyat Maliksatwa (Proprietary right) 5 Raiyat Pakhurey (Who pays all 3 cost of cultivation except rent and reaps all profits for which he pays a fixed amount to to the land owner) Raiyat Bixri satwa Raiyat 2 Malikana s~twa (Land held' by a 1 proprietory for , maintenance) Raiyat Sadharan raiyati jot Raiyati Uttaradhikar sa\wa (Inherited) 4 ~aiyat Jot or Jotdari (Tenure holder) 30 Raiyat Khebot 6 Sikmi satwa (Under ra'iyat) 18 Raiyat 187 WEST BENGAL TEN~CIES ACCORDING TO THE NATuRE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i),o/ the St:hedule)-Concld., Holders of special alienated or Conditional or temporary lessees or Bncroachers and trespassers Unclassified • other non-ryotwari tenures assignees of Government land No. of No: of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal bouse- bouse Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 2 3 2 'ISs U)CAL NAMES ANn LEGAl. 'tERMINOLOGY ()F 'tENURES AND TABLE II Held from private per80ns or With right of permanent, heritable Mortg'a~es in "bssessiort HOlding free of rent or on notninai and transferable possession rent in lieu of or not ifllieu of service ·No.of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house. Legal house state/District tocal names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE Grand Total 22004 7 52 344 Prajasa1_ta Raiyat 4 Bandhaki Mortgagee 19 Chakran (Land held free 184 in possession of rent in Raiyati satta 3 consideration of some service Sudh 6 to be rendered) bandhaki Bargadar Khay khalasi Usufructuary 17 Sreamer (In exchange of 132 or Khai mortgage or binimoye labour) khalasi or Mortgagee Bargadar Khai in possession khalashi Joth Tenure holder 14 Sud varana Mortgagee in 10 possession Brahmmottar or Rent free tenure 13 Brahmmottar granted to swatta or brahmins Bramhattar or Brahmma swtta Madhya satta Tenure bolder Note:- 1. No entry aga!nst category 'Witl?- right of pelmanent and heritable possess'ion but without right of transfer' 2. No entry against category 'OrdInary tenants paying fixed cash rent' 3. No entry against category 'Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent' 4. No entry against category '~ub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants' 189 WEST BENGAL TENA.N~m A.CCOa'i:nNG TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND iMtit'Utions (Item I (ii) oj the Sohedule) OrdjnMY tenanfs paying rent as share of Crop-sharers without tenancy rights Unclassified produce -No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holos 2 3 2 3 2 " 35 20945 621 Korfa Under raiyat 35 Bhagchas or Bhagchasi Bargadar 4986 Kutia 121 or Asthae bhagchas ' or Fashaler benimoy Binimay 106 bhagchas or Fashal bhagchas or Bhagchas Hastantar adhik<1r 79 '(labau or "Bhagchashea 'oihin salwa prapta or Bhager chas Barga bhagcha~ ryoti 78 Barga or Bargadar or 3948 Tangs 54 Barga bhag or Bhager benimoy Ryoti and agency 47 barga or Bagh benimoy barga or Jabar dakba1 44 Borga bhag or Barga hishabey or Barga Sankarari 18 chas or Bhag barga or Borga dar or Byakti bishese prapta. 14 Barga satya or Barga . or Byakti bishesh o bhaga or Bargajami Bina satwa 9 Adhi bhag or Adhi Of (l/2 share as 4317 Sanak bari 7 Adha bhag satya or rent) Adhi satwa or Adhi satya Bargadar Kabala sutre 7 or Adhiya or Adhi satya 0 borga 0 - Not stated 6 bhager binimoy or Adha bhaget Kut-kali 4 binimoy or Barga prapti ardhak Hastantar bihin 4 bhaga or Adha bhumisatta bhag or Ardha barga or Adhi ehas or Kot varana 3 Adhi jami or Adhi 0 bhagchas or Adhi Ra.iler nikat ha.ita 3 .barga or Aporer prapta 1',. jami ardhek hhag .}r Ardhek fashler Krishani 2- binimoye bhagchas or Fashaler Vest " 2 ardgangsher bi.'I\i.m",'f'1. ~! E\\aget BykJi bish.a.Ktl& attba dia' 2 binimaye fasajer pr~pta ardhek or Ardhek bhag Of Utpanna Satta bihin fasaler ardhek bhagcr hinimaye Chal-kut 190 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private persons or With right of permanent, heritable Mortgagees in possession Hoi ding free of rent or on nominal and transferable POSsllssion rent in lieu of or not in lieu J ofscrvice No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- Legal house State/District Local names terminology holdS Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE 191 WEST BENGAL 'tENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN ~AND ;'nstitut.ions (Item I (ii) of ~he Schedule)-Contd. Ordinary t'enants paying rent tls share of Crop-sharers without ~enarlcy fights' Unclassified .produce No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 1 2 3 2 3 2 \ Bha~er be.nimoy or Bargadar 1580 Bandhu bas 1 Utpanna fasalar bhager benimoy or ,Bandhu ratna Bhager benimayer or Bhager or Bhager Kud 1 jami or Fasal.t:r_ biqimaye bhager Byajee jami or Bhager binimaye prapt or L.B. dawan 1 Bhager badaley or Bhager binimoya . Jlwan satwa 1 Iowa jami or Phasal .bhag;_er jami Bhumi satwa Bhag or Bhaga or 1336 Motjali .1 Fasal bhag or Bhag binimoy or Bhag bili or Bhagey or Bhag jami or Bhaga koray or Bhaga pawa or Bhag jato or Bhaga fashaler binimoya or Bhaga dewa fashaler binimoya or Bhag sattya or Bhaga 0 phasalar binimoya,or Bhatt phasaJ or Bhag satwa or Bhagidar or Bhagbili sattya or Mayadi bhag sattya or Bhag beni~oye prapta Fashaler binimoye or 347 Utpanna phasaler benimoy or Utpanna fashaler binimaye prapta or Fashler binimoya prapta jami or Fasaler badaley Adhiar or Adhiari or 567 Adhiari [asaler bhager binimoye or Adhiari praja Bhog dakhali sattar (Right to the use 519 or Bhog dakhli satwa of land) or Bhog satwa Bargadar Asthayee bhog dakhal (Rigp.t to enjoy 49 satwa or Satwa bihin ment of crops asthayee bhog but not transfer dakhal satwa. able) Bargadar 192 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE n Held ,!'om prifJats pera01l8 or With right of permanent, heritable .Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal and transferable possession rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house· St:tte/District Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names teminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE 193 WEST BENGAL TENA~CtES ACCORDtNG TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (Item I (ii) of the Schedule)-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of Crop-sharers without tenancy rights Unclassified ·produce No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 Asthaye bhagjhot Bargadar 239 satha phasaler binimoy or Bhag jot Bhagchas 0 thika or (Partly in cash 167 Bbager binimoy 0 and partly as thika or Bhagchas share of tika produce) 13argadar Nirdista fashaler (On condition to 202 bioirnoyor deliver fixed Nirdisbta fasbal produce as rent) or Nirdista fasal Bargadar (Sanja) or Nirdherista Artha nirdistha (On fixed cash rent) 73 phasaler binimoy Bargadar or Artha nirdista or Artha nirdista thika or Khajna or Kbajna kara or Kbajnaya or Arther binimoy Adbi bhag chas 0 (Partly in cash 247 thika or Barga and partly as art her binimoy 0 share of produce) bbager binimoy Bargadar Asthyee anumati (Permissi~e 2063 dakhal or Anumat! possessIOn) dakhal or Permissible Bargadar tenant or Permissible culti vator or Satwa bihin anumati da.khal Bhag dakhal or Bbage Bargadar 70 dakhal Asthayee or Asthayee 63 binimoye or Asthaye~ bina satwa Chukti bhage 31 Taker binimoy 24 bhagchas Sanja or Sanjar (Delivering tilted 21 binimaye or Shaja produce as rent) bhai or Sbaja Bargadar 194 WEST BENGAL 'LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL XERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND '" TABLE II Held/r.o1'l!! prifJate per8on1 or With right of permanent, heritable Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal 'and transferable possession rent in lieu of or not lieu of service No. of No. of No. of Legal, house- Legal house Legal house State/District Local names terminology holds' Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE 195 WEST BENGAL TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE QF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (Item I (ii) of the Sehed-ule)-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of Crop-sharers without tenanc;y rights Unclassified produce No. of No. of No. of Legal hOllse Legal house house Local names terminology holds ~ocal names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 1 :2 tfth bandi bhager (Land subject to a 14 binimaye or Uth variable. rent bandi raghuna annually assessed thjiur sebayet sutte on the basis of prapta area" cultivated during the year) Bargadar Moukhik bhag Bargadar 19 Utpanna fasaler (Raiyati land deli 17 .anser bhage dewa vering share of ryoti jami or Ryoti the produce as bhagdar or RYot rentrBargadar • bhag Bhaga ba bhagchas Bargadar 14 Annyer jami fashal 6 bbage 2/3 bhager binimoy 3 Sikmi • 3 Dalgaon cha baganer (Held ~rom a tea 3 nikat prapta ,garden) Barga~ar Rented tenant Barga~ar 3 Asthayee uttaradhi~ (No permanent, 2 kar 0 hastantar heritable and trans bihin ferable right) Bar_gadar Bhakti bishasher Bargadar 2 nikat haita bhager binirnoya .l3yakti bishes haita 2 as tho binimoya prapta Asthae khazna bhag Tebhaga Adhi utpanna fasa (1/2 as rent with ler bl::!ager binirnoye out any right to hastantar transfer) Bargadar 196, WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND t TABLE II Held from rPritJate per80~ or With right of permanept, heritable Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal and transferable possession rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service No. of No, of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house StatelDistrict Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names' terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE WEST BENGAL STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 1855 24 Bandhaki Mortgagee in 13 possession Khay khalasi Usufructuary 4 mortgagee or Mortga- gee in pos S':ssion Sud varana Mortgagee in 7 posseSSion 197 WEST BENGAL TENANCIES A~CORDlNG TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (]tem I (ii) of the Sohedulel-Contd. Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of Crop-sharers without tenancy rights U nclass ified produce No. of No. of No. of Legal bouse Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 1 2 3 .' 2 2 Devottar bhagchas (Cultivating the land dedicated to a deitY- on crop - sharing basis) Bargadar Sartta bihin bhaga Bargadar lowa jami Protisthan bbag fasal Pashier binimoya (Cultivation pos chasher adhikar session on crop sha.ring basis) Bargadar Moukhik khajnaya (On verbal cAlih rent) Bariadar 1724 107 Bbagehas Bargadar 18 Kutfa 96 Barga or Bargadar 451 Bina satwa " 9 Adhi or Adhi (1/2IShare as rent) 628 Kot varana 2 satwa or Adhi Bargadar sattya or Adhi bbaga or Adbiya or Adbi ehas O[ Adhi jami or Adhi 0 bhag ehas or Adhi barga Bhager benimoy Bargadar 2 Adhiari or Adhiari 76 fasaler bhager binimoye or' Adhiari -graja Bhog satwa (Right to use of 158 land) Bargadar 198 WEST BENGAL LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Ireld from private perlJOna or With right of permanent, heritable Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on nominal and transferable possession rent in lieu of'or not in lieu of service No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Legal house rSt8.te/District Local nl\mes terminology holds Local nJ.mes terminology holds Local names terminology holds '1 2 3 2 3 2 3 WEST BENGAL STATE TABLE m Land leased-out to private WEST BENGAL STATE Grand Total 8281 Raiyati (2635) Raiyati sthitiban (2163) Ryot sthjtjban bhag dals:hal satwa (135) Rayati swatta (120) Ryoti satta or hastantare1:' satwa (32) Praja satwa (32) Rayat hastantar jogya or Ryoti mokrari (25) Sthayee satwa (55). Sth&yee Malikana sattya or Malikana (168) Madhya swatta (152) Jotdari (27) Chukani satwa (57) Darchukani (13) Jot Korfa (11) Kayamisikmi (8) flastanter adhikar bin (1) Uttaradhikar (1) Uth bandi (19) Pakhurey (3) Adhi (665) Barga bhe.ge (39)Bha.ger bininioye dewa ryot sthitibanjami (20) Ryoti sthitiban barga (165) Ryot bhag (3) Adhi fasaler Adhiari (11) Adniya (9) Anyer adhikar (1) Ardhek fasl!Jer har~ (1) Ardb:J. b!lag JakhaJc (1) Ardha" f~-alar binimoya Maukhik bhage (16) Niskhar bhag dakhal sutre (5) Satwa phasaler anshidar (13) Toloni dewa acha (2) Byajee (2) Nirdista fasaler' binimoye (143) Nid[ista p_hasa.ler bhag (9) Nirdista fasala ryoti (6) Nirdistta arthet"binimoya (3) WEST BENGAL STATE (Tribal) Grand Total 142 Ryotshitiban (22) Rayati (20) Raiyati sthai uttaradhikarer kshmata saha hastantarer satwa (4) Jotdari (20) Sthayee varana (3) Adhi (24) Fasaler binimoye (6) Darchukani satwa adhiari (6) Adhiari (6) Bar~a (3) Adhi barga (2) 199 WESTBE~GAL TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ~titutio'M (Item I (ii) of the Schedule)-Concld. Ordinary tenant~ paying rent as share of Crop-sharers without tenancy rigJ:lts Unclassified produce No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house house-" Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 r 2 3 1 2 Asthayee bhog (Right to enjoy 49 dakhali satwa or ment of crops but Satwa bihin not transferable) asthayee bhog Bargadar dakhal satwa Nirdishta fashal (On condition to 4 deliver fixed pro- "- duce as rent) Biitgadar Arther binimoye (On cash rept) Bargadar Anumati dakhal (Permissive 328 possession) Bargadar Asthayee bina Bargadar 4 satwa Siklni 2 Dalgaon cha (Held from a tea 3 baganer nikat garden) Bargadar prapta rper80ns (Itlm 2 of the Schedule) Ryo'i sattya (34) Rayatisthai (22) Raiyati stliaiye uttar~d'hikar 0 hastantar adhikar saha (58) Raiyati sthaiye tittaradhikarer kshmata saha sthitiban (2) Rayati jot (21) Nij (13) Nija chas (3) Khas (4) Kayemi mourasi (5") Meadi bandobasto or Meadior Rayatdakhal satwa (19) chukani (1) Niskhar (3) Raiat oiskhar (1) Debottar (3) Kobala (44) Sikmi (31) Sudi baodhaki (55) Sud varaoa (6) Kot varaoa(3) Bhager binimoyc (398) Bhag chas (141) Barga (136) ,Bhage deoa (74) Fasaler binimoye (72) Bargadar (61) Bhager binimoye bili (48) bhager bioimoye or Utpanna fasaler bhager binimoye (23) Ardhek bhager_bioimoye (19) Adhi barga (14) Barga fasaler binimoye (.7) bhaga dewa (1) Bayati swatta or Fashler adharangba (21) fasaler bhager binimoye dewa (17) Bhagidar (11) Chaser jaoya jami (20) Bhager binimoya chashkarano (5) Bargadar fashler binimoye bhag dewa-cha (3) Fashaler bhage (11) KuHa (2) Kala dhan (1) Sankari (4) Nirdhrista arthadara bargadar (2) Arther bmimoye (17) Tjara (5) Khay khalasi (4) Thika (11) Thik:a bhage (2) Rail liner jami (2) satwa (7) Chuli:ani satwa (1) Darchukani (3) Uttaradhikar satwa (1) Rayat dakhal satwa (1) Sud varaoa (3) Kot varana (3) Kot sud Adhiya (2) Fasalar bhager bininmoye anyake de',Va (2) Bargadar (1) Kutia (1) B~ager bioimoye (1) 200 A. & N. ISLANDS LOCAL NAMES AND I_EGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TENANOES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGIUS IN LAND , TABLE I Owned or held from the Government (Item I (i) of the Schedule) Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders;with right of permanent and heritable.and transferable possession heritable posse~sion but without including right to. lease or limited right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Union Territorry Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 ANDAMANAND ,NICOBAR ISLANDS Grand Total 197 78 119 Occupancy right Occupancy 28 Non-occupancy Non-occupancy 119 tenant right tenant 50 Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but without right to lease' 2. No entry against category 'Holders of special alienated or other non-ryotwari tenures' 3. No entry against category 'Conditional or temporary lessees or assignees of Government land' 4. No entry against category 'Encroachers and trespassers' 5. No entry against category 'Jhum cultivators' A. & N. ISLANDS LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATU,RE OF RIGHTS IN LAN,D TABLE II Held from private pers01Ul or i1Ultitutions (Item I (U) of the Schedule) With right of permanent and heritable possession Ordinary tenants paying rent as share but without right of transfer of produce No. of No: of Legal house- Legal hoqse- Union Territory Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds r 2 3 2 3 ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS Grand Total 39 30 9 Mineukten 30 Battai Sub-tenant 7 \ Adhiya On share Note :-1. No entry against category 'With right of permanent, heritable and transfera6le possession' 2. No entry against category 'Mortgagees in possession' 3. No entry against category 'Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service' 4. No entry agains.t category 'Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent' 5. No entry agaihst category' Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent' 6. No entry against category 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' _ 7. No entry against category 'Sub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants' TABLE III Land leased-out to private persons (Item.2 of the Schedule) ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS Grand Total 2 Non-occupancy right (2) 202 DELHI LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND TABLE I Owned or held from the Government (Item I ($) of the Schedule) Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Conditional or temporary lessees or Unclassified heritable and transferable possession ~assignees of Government land including right to lease No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- house- Union Territory Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 1 2 DELHI Grand Total 490 485 1 4 Bhoomidar Bhumidar 436 Thekepar Leased from Held from Govt. 4 Govt. Apni 40 " Proprieter 5 Owner 2 Maurusi Doadmiyan ki sanjhi zamin Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession but without right to Jease' 2. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent anj heritable possession but without or limited right of transfer' 3. No entry against category 'Holders of special alienated or other non-ryotwari tenure~' 4. No entry against category 'Encroachers and trespassers' S. No entry against category 'Jhum cultivators' 203 DELHI LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF T!-NURES AND TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND I TABLE II Held from private persons or instit'Utio'llA (Item I (U) of the Schedtule) Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent Ordinary tenants paying rent as bnclassified share ,;,f produce \ No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- house Union Territory Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 DELHI Grand Total 81 9 65 7 On cash payment Asami Bataipar Asami 10 Maurausi 1 from mandii Assami 32 Annual assignment 6 of Govt. Payment in money S -Tenant 11 Held from other 4 person on share Tenant of private 8 person on share Note :-1. No entry against category 'With right of permanent .. heritable and transferable possession' 2. No entry against category 'With right of.permanent and heritable possession but without right of transfer' 3. No entry against category 'Mortgagees in possession' , 4. No entry against category 'Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service' S. No entry against category 'Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent' 6: No entry against category 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' 7. No entry against catl:gory 'Sub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants' TABLE III Lffnd leased-out to private per8()n8 (Item 2 of th~ Scheilule) DELHI Grand Total 13 Land given to paivate persons for share or private person on share (12) Share of produce (1) 204 HlMAqHAL PRADESH LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL lERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND .", TABLE I Owned OT held/TOm the GoveNt Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable' possession but without or but without right to lease limited right of transfer No.-of No. of Legal house- Legal house Union Territory Local names terminology holds Local names terminology 'holds "¥. 2 3 2 '3 / HIMACHAL PRADESH Grand Total 3647 3418 143 Malkiyat Land owner 3418 Maurusi m,uzara. Occupancy tenant 31 (Bhuswami) (Bhakta kashatkar) Gnair maurusi 't'on-occupancy 112 muzara tenant (Anabhukt I_<:ashatkar) HIMACHAL PRADESH (Tribal) Grand Total 673 664 8 Malkiyat Land owner 664 Maurusi rnuzara Occupancy tenant 7 (Bhuswami) (Bhokta kashatkar) \ Ghair rnaurtlsi Non-occupan¢y rnuzara tenant (Anabhukt kashatkar) Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession including 2. No entry against category "Encroachers and trespassers' 3. No entry against category'Jhurn cultivators' 205 HIMACHAL PRADESH TENANCIES ACCORDING TO tHE N;A'tVRE OF RIGHTS-Il'!:ol' LAND ment (Item [ (i) of. the,Schedule) Holders of special alienated or other Conditional or temporary lessees or assignees' Unclassified non-ryotwari tenures of Government land • No. of No. of No. of Legal house Legal house- house- Local names -termipology holds Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 2 9 49 28 Muafi or Muafidar Rent free 7 He:ld from Govt. Temporary Govt. 16 Not specified 28 tenure "nlease ~e'8see Jagir Jagir. Sarkari malkiyat " 9 Inam fauzi Grant to a Sarkar se lagan per 8 soldier " Held from Govt. on 8 -ttteka Held from Govt. 6 2 MlunIa per " 1 Not specified right to I ease' 206 HIMACHAL PRADESH LOCAL NAME!!; AND LE~AL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Helilfrom pr;'!!_ate persons or With right of permanent and heritable possession Moitgagees in possession but without right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Union Territory Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 .3 2 3 HIMACHAL PRADESH Grand Total 1352 1080 85 Maurusi muzars. Occupancy tenant 408 Rehan Mortgagee in 85 (Bholcta possession kashatkar) Ohair maurusi Non-occupancy 672 muzara tenant (Anabhukt kashatkar) HIMACHAL PRADESIl (Tribal) Orand Total 284 '252 14 Maurusi muzara Occupancy tenant 95 Rehan Mortgagee in 14 (Bhokta possession kashatkar) Ohair maurusi Non-occupancy 157 muzara tenant (Anabhukt kashatkar) Note :-1. No entry against category 'With right of p~rmanent, herita?le and transferable poss~ssion' 2. No entry against category 'Crop-sharers Without tenancy nghts' I 207 HIMAOHAL PRADESH TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND institutions (I!em I (U) of the Schedule) Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent of or not}n lieu of service No. of No. of Legal bouse- Legal house- Local names terminology bolds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 10 33 Muafi Rent free Chakote dar Tenant (Flxed 12 cash and kind Dan rent) Parvarish I;"or maintenance 2 Naqdi or_ Tenant 15 Naqdi'par (Cash rent) Mazduri ke badle In lieu of service 3 MamIe. Tenant (Rent on , 3 Muafi mandir Rent free in lieu 1 revenue rate) of temple service Bashahra parta .. Dharmarth Rent free Sarkari maliya par Breaking the land Free of rent for ~gan Tenant (Rent) for cultivation thtee years 1 Naqdi Tenant . (Cash rent) 208 HIMCHAL PRADESH LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private person8 or Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of produce No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Union Territory Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 HlMACHAL PRADESH 20 113 Jins or Jins par Tenant (Rent in 13 :Batai or Gala batai Tenant (Share of 75 kind) or Jins batai produce as rent) Theka jins Tenant (Fixed 6 Adh batai or Batai Tenant (1/2 share of 7 rent in kind) nisaf or Adh pro:luce as rent) Gala biImukta :Basnu Tenant (Share of 13 produce) :BhawIi 5 Ghar Tenant (Share of 4 produce as rent) :Basnu 1/4 or Tenant (1/4 share 5 Batai 1/4 of produce) Ghad or Gharta Tenant (Share of 2 produce as rent) Shashan Tenant (Cultivator of temple land) Deota ka muzara Tenant (of temple land) HIMACHAL PRADESH (Tribal) 12 4 Jins Tenant (Rent in 12 :Batai Tenant (Share of 3 kind) prod nce as rent) " Shashan Tenant (Cultivator of teI?ple land) TABLE III Land leased-out to private HIMACI;JAL PRADESH Grand Total 998 Gehna or Rehan (43) Dharmarth (1) Ohair maurnsi muzara (235) Batai (128) Maurusi muzara (60) Jins (50) Naqdi (3) Mamla par (3) 1/4 bhag (2) Ghari (1) Naqdi mamla (I) 1/4 bhag basnu (I) Mamla (1) Malkana (1) HIMACHAL PRADESH (Tribal) Grand Total 44 Rehan (8) Ghair maurusi muzara (24) Jins (5) Maurusi muzara (1) Gala batai (1) Not specified (5) 209 HIMACHAL PRADESH TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ~.. '''' in6titution8 (Item I (ii) of the Schedule)-Concld. Sub-tenants or tenants of sUb-tenants Unclassified No. of No. of Legal house house Local names terminology ho~ds Local names hol~s 2 3 2 1 10 Muzara shikmi SUb-tenant Not specified 9 For cultivation only 1 Not specified per80", (Item 2 of the Schedule) Muda (16) Gala bata; (13) Bhawli (12) Gnar (7) Chakotepar (7) Theka (7) Batal par (6) Basnu (5) Naqdi par (4) Nisaf batai (3) Land with others (l) Not specified (387) 210 L. M. & A. ISLANDS LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TENANCIES TABLE I Owned or held from the Governmene (Item I (i) of the Schedule) No. of Legal house Union Territory Local names tepninology holds 2 3 LACCADIVE, MINICOY AND , AMINDIVI ISLANDS Grand Total 475 475 lenmom '1enmom 475 211 L. M. & A. ISLANDS, LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TENANCIES TABLE II Held from private persons or institutions (Item I.(ii) of the Schedule) No. of Legar house Union Territory Local names terminology holds. 2 3 LACCADlVE, MINICOY AND A.MINDIVI ISLA.NDS Grand Total 123 123 Pattom or Verumpattom Lease 20 Customary verumpattom Customary verumpattom 9 Vilavilpakuthi pattorn Crop sharing 94 212 MANIPUR LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND \ TABLE I Owned.or held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, Ryotwari holders with'rightofpermanent and heritable and transferable possession heritable possession but without or including right to lease limited right of transfer No. of 'No'. of Legal house Legal house Union Territory ·Local names terminology holds Local names , terminology holds 2 3 2 MANIPUR Grand Total 2381 1505 598 Riotwari Land holder 1505 Annual lease Lease holder 598 (Periodic' pattedar) MANIPUR (Tribal) Grand Total &25 598 Annual lease Lease holder 598 Wote :-1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holden with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession bllt 2. No entry against catellory 'Encroachers and trespassers' / 213 MANIPUR TENANCIES .ACCORDING TO THE NAiURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND I menl (Item I (i) of-the Scheaule) Holders of special alienated'or other Conditional or temporary lesSees or Jbum cultivators non-ryotwari tenures assignees of Government land No. of No. of No. of Legal - house Legal house- Legal house~ LOCI'I !lames terminology holds Lpca.1 na.mes terminology -holds Local names terminology holds /" 2 3 3 2 3 69 192 17 Khorpoa Land holder 69 f.nnual lease Lease holder 192 Pamlou Shifting land 17 27 Khorpos Land hOlder 27 witllout ri&ht to lease' 214 MANIPUR LOCAL NAMES' AND LEG~ TERMINOLOGY OF ,TENURES AND TABLE II Held from private persons or instifutions (Item I (ii) of the Schedule)' Ordinary tenant& paying fixed produce rent No. of Legal house Union Territory Local names terminology holds 1. 2 3 MANIPUR Grand Total 282 282 Sl1anba Tenants paying 282 fixed produce rent MANIPUR (Tribal) Grand Total 73 73 Shanba Tenants paying 73 fixed produce rent Note :-1. No entry against category 'With right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession' 2. ·No entry against category 'With right of permanent and heritable possession but without right of transfer' 3. No entry against category 'Mortgagees in possession' 4, No entry against category 'Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or not in lieu of service' 5. No entry atainst category 'Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent' 6. No entry against category . Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of produce' 7. No entry a!:ainst category 'Crop~sharers without tenancy rights' 8. No entry against category 'Sub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants' 215 MANIPUR TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND TABLE III Land leaBed-out to private per80n8 (Item 2 of the Schedule) MANIPUR Grand Total 37 Shandokpa (37) MANIPUR (Tribal) Nil 216 TRIPURA LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY,OF'TENURES AND TABLE, Gwned'or held from the Go"trn Ryotwad holder with right of permanent, Holders of special a.lienated or other heritable and transferable possession Don-ryotwari tenures including right to lease No. of No. of Legal house Legal house· Union Territory Local names terminologY holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 TRIPURA Grand Total 1083 4973 481 Jote (Raiyot) Raiyo,t 4973 Kayemi ta}uk'* Intermediary 476 Nisbkar menaha" Rent free 5 TRlPURA (Tribal) Grand Total 1335 156 Jote (Raiyot) Raiyot 756 .. These intermediary tenures have 'since been abolished. . I Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable poseession but 2. No entry ag'ainst category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable posseSsion but without or limited 3. No entry against category 'Conditional or temporary lessees or assignees of Government land' 4. No entry against category 'Encroachers and trespassers' 217 TRI~tiRA TENANCIES -\CCORDING.TO THE'NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item I (i) of the Schedule) Jhum cultivators Unclassified No. of No.oC Legal house house Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 611 1018 Jhum Sbigting 610 Khas 440 cultivation Khas daknal 49 Jhum-tilla ReIief'prapta 330 Dakhal prapta 98 '. Sarkar prapta . 101 328 - 251 Jhum Shifting 323 Khas 42 cultivation Sarkar prapta 19 Relief prapta 141 Khas dakhal 49 without right to lease' right of transfer' 218 TRIPURA LOCAL NAMES ANI> LEGAL TERMIN OLOGY OF-TENURES AND 'TABLE/II Held from private per80n8 or With right of permanent, heritable and Mort gagees in possession transferable possession No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house Union Territory Local names terminology bolds Loclil names terminology holds 2 3 -I 2 3 TRIPURA Grand Total 4057 1176 156 Dar taluki Tenure holder 83 Kat_ Mortgagee in 16 possession _Jote (Ralyot) ....Raiyot 1093 134 Rehan " Rehan (Girhi) 4 Rehan (Rehahi)' Daysudi TRIPURA (Tribal) Gra.lld Total 685 101 40 Dar taluki Tenure holder 14 Rehan Mortgagee in 30 possession Jote (Raiyot) Raiyo! 87 Kat 10 Note :-1. No entry against.category 'With right of permanent and heritable possession but without .right of transfer' 2. No entry a.gainst -category 'Holding free of rent or on nominal rent in lieu of or not in lieu.of service' 3. No entry against category 'Ordinary tenants paying fixed cash rent' 4. No entry· against category 'Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent' S. No entry against category 'Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of prod.ce' 219 TRIPURA TENANCIES ACCQRDING-TO TH~NATURE OF'RIGHTS IN LAND institutipns (Item I ~U) of the §chedu~) Crop-sharers without tenancy rights SUb-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants Unclassified No,of No, of No. of Legal house- Legal house- house- Local names terminology hol<\s Local names terminology holds Local names holds 2 3 2 3 :1 2t'15 213 397 Barga Crop sharer 2098 Korfa Under ro:.iyot 213 Ja.baI" dakhal 65 Barga (Pattan) 5 Anumatl ~alchAl 332 Pattan " 2 Paikasth 10 182 67 215 Ba.rga Crop sharer 178 Korfa Under raiyot 67 Anumati dakhal IS] Barga (Pattan) 4 Jabar dakhal 63 TABLE III Lana leased.out to privat~ per.!orJ.s (Item 2 of the Sohedule) TRIPURA Grand Total 1233 Jote (Raiyot) (782l Taluk (4) Dar taluki (I) Kayemi taluk (62) Niskar menaha (2) Rehan (26) Barga (33S) Barga (Pattan) (9) Khas (5) Anumati dakhal (5) Dakhal (1) Not stated (I) TRIPURA (Tri~al) Nil 220 PONDICHERRY.. . LOCAL NAMES AND LEG,u, TERMINOLOGY OF TENU:(mS AND TABLE I Gwneitor held from the Govern Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable aod traosfera ble possession . including right to lease _ No. of Legal house- ,Union. Territory Local names terminology holds 2 3 PONDICHERRY Grand Total 745 714 Sontham Land owner. 7.14 Note :-1. :No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent, heritable and transferable possession. but 2. No entry against category 'Ryotwari holders with right of permanent and heritable possession but without Or imited 3. No entry against ~tegory 'Conditional or temporary lessees or assignees of Government land' I 4. :No entry against categorY 'Encroachers and trespassers' - S. No entrY against category 'Jhum cultivators' 221 PONDICHERRY TENANCIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND ment (Item 1 (i) of the Schedule) Holders of special alienated or other non-ryotwari tenures No. of Legal house Local names terminology holds 2 3 31 Janmam Proprietor with 28 absolute right 3 Saswatha janmam " without right to lease' right of transfer' 222 PONDICHERRY LOCAL NAMES AND LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF TENURES AND TABLE II Held from pritJate persons or With right of permanent, heritable and With right of permanent and heritable possession transferable possession but without right of transfer No. of No. of Legal house Legal house Union Territory Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 PONDICHERRY Grand Total 599 2 33 Sontham Land owner 2 Kuzhi kanam Kuzhi kanam 15 Reg Reg 11 Kaivasam kanam Kaivasam kanam 7 Note :-1. No entry against category 'Ordinary tenants paying fixed produce rent' 2. No entry against category 'Crop-sharers without tenancy rights' 3. No entry against category 'Sub-tenants or tenants of sub-tenants' 223 PONDICHERRY TENANCIES ACCORDING TO TJ!E NATURE OF RIGHTS IN LAND in.stitutiona (Item 1 (ii) of the Schedule) Mortgagees in possession Holding free of rent or on Ordinary tenants paying fixed Ordinary tenants paying rent nominal rent in lieu of or cash rent as share of produce not in lieu of service No. of No. of No. of No. of Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- Legal house- Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds Local names terminology holds 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 18 382 163 Kaivasam Mortgagee in 15 Manyam lnam Kuthagai Tenant 305 W"ram Tenant 100 panayam possession Kuth,\gai Cultivating 67 Pattam 3 Bogyam 3 sagupadi tenant Vela kuthag.. i 10 TABLE III Land ltaBld-out t.c.private p6r10na (Item 2 of the Schedul~) .PONDICHBRRY Grand Total 3011 Pannal sagupadi (1) Bogyam (13) Kutha!ai (237) Waralll (52) Jaamam (2) Kuzhl k LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PUBLICATIONS (as on 17 February. 1964) AGARTALA-Laxmi Bhandar Books & Scientific ANAND- Sales (Rest.) 1. Vijaya Stores, Station Road (Rest.) AGRA- 2. Charto Book Stall, Tulsi Sadan, Stn. Road (Rest.) 1. Nati anal Book House, Jeoni Mandi (Reg.) 2. Wadhawa & Co., 45, Civil Lines (Reg.) ASANSOL-D. N. Roy & R. K. Roy, 3. Banwari Lal Jain. Publishers, Moti Katra ... (Rest.) BookseUers, Atwal Building (Rest.) 4. English Book Depot, Sadar Bazar, Agra Cantt. (Rest.) BANGALORE- AHMADNAGAR-V. T. Jorakar, Prop. Rama 1. The Bangalore Legal Practitioner General Stores, Navi Path (Rest.) Co·op. Society Ltd., Bar Associa tion Building (Reg.) AHMEDABAD- 2. S. S. Book Emporium, 118, Mount Joy Road (Reg.) 1. Balgovind Kuber Dass & Co. Ghandi 3. The Bangalore Press, Lake View, Road (Reg.) Mysore Road, P. O. Box 507 (Reg.) 2. Chandra Kant Chiman Lal Vora, 4. The Standard Book Depot, Avenue Ghandi Road (Reg.) Road (Reg.) 3. New Order Book Co., Ellis Bridge (Reg.) 5. Vichara Sahitya Private Ltd., Balepet .,. (Reg.) 4. Mahajan Bros., Opp. Khadia 6. Makkala Pustaka Press, Balamandira, Police Gate (Rest.) Gandhinagar (Reg.) 5. Sastu Kitab Ghar, Near Relief Talkies, 7. Maruthi Book Depot, Avenue Road (Rest.) Pattbar .Kuva, Relief Road (Reg.) 8. International Book House P. Ltd., 4·F, Mahatma Gandhi Road . (Reg.) AJMER- 9. Navakarnataka Pubns. Private Ltd., 1. \ Book-Land, 663, Madar Gate (Reg.) Majestic Circle (Rest.) 2. Rajputana Book House, Station Road (Reg.) 3. Law Book House, 271, Hathi Bhata (Reg.) BAREILLY -Agarwal Brothers, Bara Bazar (Reg.) 4. Vijay Bros., Kutchery Road \Rest.) 5 Krishna Bros, Kutcbery Road (Rest.) BARODA- ALIGARH-Friend's Book House, Muslim 1. Shri Chandrakant Mohan Lal Shah. University Market (Reg.) Raopura (Rest.) 2. Good Companions Booksellers, ALLAHABAD- Publishers & Sub-Agent . (Rest.) 3. New Medical Book House, 540, Madan 1. Superintendent, Printing & Stationery Zampa Road (Rest.) U.P. (Reg.) 2. Kitabistan, 17-A, Kamla Nehru Road (Reg.) BEA WAR-The Secretary, S. D. College, 3. Law Book Co .• Sardar Patel Marg. Co-operative Stores Ltd. (Rest.) P. Box 4 (Reg.) 4. Ram Naram Lal Beni Modb(l, 2-A, BELGHARIA-Granthlok, Antiquarian Book Katra Road (Reg.) 5. Universal Book Co, 20, M. G. Road ... (Reg.) sellers & Publishers (24-Parganas), 5/1 6. The University Book Agency (of Lahore), Amlica Mukerjee Road (Reg.) Elgin Road (Reg.) 7. Wadhwa & Co., 23, M. G. Marg (Rest.) BHAGALPUR-Paper Stationery Stores, 8. Bharat Law House, 15, Mahatma D. N. Singh Road (Reg.) Ghandi Marg (Rest.) 9. Ram Narain Lal Beni Prashad, 2-A. BHOPAL- Katra Road (Rest.) 1. Superintendent, State Government Press AMBALA- 2. Lyall Book Depot, Mohd. Din Bldg. 1. English Book Depot. Ambala Cantt. (Reg.) Sultania Road (Reg.) 2. Seth Law House, 8719, Railway Road, 3. Delite Books, Opp. Bhopal Talkies (Rest.) Ambala Cantt.' (Rest.) BHUBANESWAR-Ekamra Vidyabhaban, AMRITSAR- Eastern Tower. Room No.3 (Rest.) 1. The Law Book Agency. G. T. Road, Putligarh (Reg.) BIJAPUR-Shri D. V. Deshpande, Recognised Law Booksellers. Prop. Vinod Book 2. S. Gupta. Agent, Government Depot, Near Shiralshetti Chowk (Rest.) Publications, Near P. O. Majith Mandi (Reg.) BIKANER-Bhandai Bros. 3. Amar Nath & Sor.s, Near P. O. BILASPUR - Sharma Book Stall. Majith Mandi (Reg.) Sadar Bazar .. , (Rest.) (i) (ii) BOMBAY- , 12. K. K. Roy, P. Box No. 10210, 1. Supdt. Printing ana Stationery. Queens Calcutta-19 - (Rest.) Road 13. Sm. P. D. Upadhyay, 77, Muktaram 2. Charles Lambert and Co.. 101. Babu Street (Rest.) 14. Universal Book Dist., 8{2, Hastings Mahatma Gandhi Road (Reg.) 3. CO-Operator's Book Depot. 5/32 Street (Rest.) Ahmed Sailor Bldg., Dadar (Reg.) 15. Modern Book Depot, 9, Chowringhee 4. Current Book House, Maruti Lane. Centre (Rest.) Raghunath Dadaji St. (Reg.) 16. SOOT and Co., 125, Canning Street (Reg.) 5. Current Technical Literature Co. P. 17. S. Bhattacharjee, 49, Dharamtala ,Ltq., India House. _lst Floor (Reg.) Street (Rest.! 6. International Book House Ltd.. 9. 18. Mukherjee Library, 10 Sarba .Khan Ash Lane. M. G. Road (Reg.) Road (Reg.) 7. Lakkani Book Depot. GiTgaum (Reg.) 19. Current Literature Co. 208, Mahatma 8. Elpees Agencies, 24. Bhanwadi, Gandhi Rond (Reg.) 20. Kalbadevi (Reg.) The Book Depository, 4/1, Madan 9. P:P. H. Book Stall, 190-B, Khetwadi Street (1st Floor) (Rest.) Main Road (Reg.) 21. Scientific Book Agency, Netaji Subash 10. New Book Co., 188-190, Dr. Dadabhai Road (Rest.) Naoroji Road , (Reg.) 22. ·Reliance Trading Co., 17/1. Banku 11. Popular Book Depot, Lamington Road Bihari Ghose Lane, District Howrah (Rest.) (Reg.) 23. Indian Book Dist. Co., 6512 Mahatma 1:1. Sunder Das Gian Chand, 601, Girgaulh Gandhi Road (Rest.) Road, Near Princess Street (Reg.) 13. D. B. Taraporewala Sons and Co. CALICUT-Touring Book Stall .... (Rest., (P) Ltd., 210, Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji Road (Reg.) 14. Thacker and Co., Rampart Row (Reg.) CHANDIGARH- 1. Supdt. Govt. Printing and Stationery, 15. N. M. Tripathi Private Ltd., Princess Punjab Street ' (Reg.) 2. J"in Law Agency, Flat No.8, Sector 16. The Kothari Book Depot, King No. 2~ (Reg.) Edward Road (Reg.) 3. Rama News Agency, Booksellers, 17. P. H. Rama Krishna and Sons, 147, Sector No. 22 (Reg.) Rajaram Bhuvan, Shivaji Park 4~ Universal Book Store, Booth 25, Road No.5 (Rest.) Sector No. 22 D '(Reg.) 111. C. Jamnadas and Co., Booksellers, 5. English Book Shop, 34, Sector 22 D (Rest.) 146-C, Prince~s St. (Reg.) 6. Mehta Bros., f5-Z. Sector 22 B (Rest.) 19. Indo Nath and Co.. A-6, Daulat 7. Tandan Book Depot, Shopping Centre, Nagar Borivli (Reg.) Sector 16 (Rest.) 20., Minerva Book Shop, No. 1/80, 8. Kailash Law Publishers, Sector 22 B (Rest.) N. Subhas Road (Reg.) 21. Academic Book Co., Association CHHINDWARA-The Verma Book,Depot (Rest.) Building; Girgaum Road (Rest.) 22. Dominion Publishers. 23, Bell Building, COCHIN-Saraswat Corporation Ltd., Sir P. M. Road (Rest.) Palliarakav Road (Reg.) 23. Bombay Natiorial' History SOCiety, 91 Walkeshwar Road (Rest.) 24. Dowamadeo and Co. 16, Naziria CUTTACK- Building, Ballard Estate (Rest.) 1. Press Officer Orissa Sectt. 25. Asian Trading Co., 310, the Miraball 2. Cuttack Law Times (Reg.) P. B. 1505 (Rest.) 3. Prabhat K. Mahapatra, Mangalaba~, P. B. 35 ' (Reg.) CALCUTTA- 4. D. P. Sur & Sons, Mangalabag (Rest,) 5. Utkal Stores, Balu Bazar (Rest.) 1. Chatterjee and Co., 3/1, Bacharam Chatterjee Lane (Reg.) DEHRADUN- 2. Dass Gupta and Co.. Ltd., 54/3. 1. Jugal Kishore &. Co •. Rajpur "'Road (Reg.) College Street (Reg.) 2. National News Agency. Paltan Bazar (Reg.) 3. Hindu Library. 69 A, Bolaram De 3. Bishan Singh and Mahendra Pal Sin,h, Street (Reg.) 318, Chukhuwala (Reg.) 04. S. K. Lahiri and Co. Private Ltd., 4. Uttam Pustak Bhandar, Paltan Ba~r 'tRest.) College Street (Reg.) 5. M. C. Sarkar and Sons Private Ltd., DELHI- 14, Bankim Chatterjee Street (Re!1;.) 6. W. Newman and Co. Ltd., 3, Old COUrt 1. J. M. Jaina & Brothers, Mori Gate , (Reg.) House Street (Reg.) 2. Atma Ram & Sons, Kashmere Gate (Rca.) 7. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., 17, 3. Federal Law Book Depot, Kashmere Park Street (Reg.) Gate , (Reg.) 8. R. Chambray and Co. Ltd., Kent 4. Bahri Bros., 188, Lajpat Rai Market (Reg.) House, P. 33, Mission..Road Extension (Reg.) 5. Bawa Harkishan Dass Bedi (Vijaya 9. S. C. Sarkar and Sons Private Ltd., General Agencies) P. B. 2027. Ahata I C., College Square (Reg.) Kedara, Chamalian Road (Reg.) 10. Thacker Spink l!I.n.d Co. (1933} P. Ltd., 3, Esplanade East 6. Bo::lk-We1\, 4, Sant Nar~nkari Colony. (Reg.) P. B. J565 (Reg.) 11. Firma K. L. Mukhopadhya, 6/1A, 7. Imperial Publishing Co•• 3, Faiz Ba;.?:ar, Banchha Ram Akrar Lane (Reg.) Oaryaganj (Reg.) '(iii) 8. Metr0t5olitan Book Co., 1. Faiz Bazar (Reg.) GUNTUR-Book Lovers Private Ltd. 9. Publication Centre, Subzimandi (Reg.) Kadriguda, Chowarsta 10. Youngman & Co•• Nai Sarak (Reg.) 11. Indian Army Book Depot, 3, Daryaganj (Reg.) GWALlOR- 12. All India Educational Supply Co., 1. Supdt. Printing & Stationery, M. B. Shri Ram Buildings. Jawahar Nagar (Rest.) 2. Loyal Book Depot, Patankar Bazar, '3. Dhariwant Medical & Law Book Lashkar House, 1522, Lajpat Raj Market (Rest.) (Reg.) 3. M. C. Daftari. Prop. M. B. Jain & 14. University Book House, 15, U. B. Bros., Booksellers, Sarafa, Lashkar Bangalore Road, Jawahar Nagar (Rest.) (Rest.) 15. LaW Literature House 2646, Balimaran (Rest.) HUBLI-Pervaje's Book House, Koppikar 16. Summer Brothers, P. O. Birla Lines (Rest.) Road I ... (Reg.) 17. Universal ·Book & Stationery Co., 16 Netaji Subash Marg. ... (Reg.) HYDERABAD- 18. B. Nath & Bros., 3808 Charkhawalan (Chawri Bazar) (Re,t.) 1. Director, Govt. Press 19. R .. jkamal Prakashan P. Ltd., 8, 2. The Swaraj Book Depot, Lakdikapul (Reg.) Faiz Bazar (Rog.) 3. Book Lovers Private Ltd. (Rest.) 20. 'Premier Book Co., Printers, Publishers 4. Labour Law Publications, 873, Sultan and Booksellers, Nai Sarak (Rest.) Bazar (Rest.) 21. Universal Book Traders, 80, Gokhale IMPHAL-Tikendra & Sons Bookseller (Rest.) Market (Reg.) 22. Tech. & Commercial Book Coy., 75, INDORE- Gokha\e M.arket (Re:>t.) 23. Saini Law Publishing Co., 1416, 1. WadhawK & Co., 56, M. G. Road (Reg.) Chabiganj, Kashmere Gate . (Itest.) 2. Sw.. rup Brothers. Khajuri Bazar (Rest.) 24 G. M. Ahuja, Booksellers & StatIOners 3. Madhya Pradesh Book Centre, 41, 309, Nehru Bazar . (Rest.) Ahi1ya Pura (Rest.) 25. Sat Naraih & Sons, 3141 Mohd. Ali 4. Modern Book Hou'e. Shiv Vilas Palace (Rest.) Bazar, Mori Gate (Reg.) 5. Navyug Sahitya Sadan, Publishers & 26. Kitab Mahal (Wholesale Div.) P. Ltd., Booksellers, 10, Khajur; Bazar (Rest.) 28, Faiz Bazar (Reg·) 27. Hindu Sahi'ya Sansar, Nai Sarak (Rest.) JABALPUR- 28. Munshi Ram Manohar Lal, Oriental Booksellers and Publishers, P. B. I. Modern Book House, 286, Jawaharganj (Reg.) 1165, Nai S. rok (Rest.) 2. National Book House, 135 Jai Prakash Narain Marg (R.) 29: K. L. Se'h, Suppliers of Law Commf'rci I Tech. Books, Sh~nti JAIPUR- Nagar, Ganeshpura (Rest.) 30. A4arsh Publishing Service, 5 A/IO 1. Government Printing & Stationery Ansari Road (Rest.) Department, Rajasthan 2. Bharat Law House, Booksellers & DHANBAD- Publishers, Opp. Prem Prakash Cinema (Reg.) 1. Ismag Co-operative Stores Ltd., P. O. 3. Garg Book Co., Tripolia Bazar . (Reg.) Indian School of Mines (Reg.) 4. Vani Mandir, Sawai Mansingh Highway (Reg.) 2. New Skc;tch Press, Post Box 26 (Rest.) 5. Kalyan Mal & Sons, Tripolia Bazar (Rest.) 6. Popular Book Depot, Chaura Rasta (Reg.) DHARWAR- 7. Krishna Book Depot, Chaura Rasta (Rest.) 8. Dominion Law Depot, Shah Building 1. The Agricultural College Consumers P. B. 23 (Rest.) Co-op. Society (Rest.) t'6. \ 2. Rameshraya Book Depot, Subhas Road (Rest.) lAMNAGAR-Swedeshi Vastu Bhandar (Reg.) 3. Karnatakaya Sahitya Mandir of Publishers & Booksellers JAMSHEDPUR- ERNAKULAM- 1. Amar Kitab Ghar, Diagonal Road, P. B. 78 (Reg.) 1. Pal & Co., Cloth Bazar Road. . (Rest.) :. South Indio Traders C/o ConstItutIonal 2. Gupta Stores, Dhatkidih (Reg.) Journal (Reg.) 3. SnnyaJ Bros., Booksellers & News Agents. Bistapur Market (Rest.) FEROZEPUR-English Book Depot, 78, Jhoke Road (Reg.) JAWALAPUR -Sahyog Book Depot (Rest.) GAUHATI-Mokshada Pustakalaya (Reg.) JHUNJHUNU- 1. Shashi Kumar Sarat Chand (R('st.) GAYA-Sahitya Sadan Gautam Budha Marg. (Reg,) 2. Kapram Prakash'!n Prasaran, 1/90 Namdha Niwas Azad Marg. (R.) GHAZIABAD-Jay"na Book Agency (Rest.) JODHPUR- GORAKHPUR-Vishwa Vidyalaya Praku'shan, Nakhes Road (Reg.) 1. Dwarka Das Rathi, Wholesale Books and News Agents (Reg.) GUDUR-The General Manager, The N.D.C. 2. Kitab-Ghar. Sojati Gate (Reg.) Publishing & Ptg. Society Ltd. ... (Rest.) 3. Choppra Brothers, Tripolia Bazar (Reg.) (iv) JULLUNDUR- MANGALORE--U. R. Shenoye Sons, Car Street, P. Box 128 (Reg.) 1. Hazooria Bros., Mai Hiran Gate (Rest.) 2. Jain General House, Bazar Bansanwala (Reg.) MANJESHWAR-Mukenda Krishna Nayak (Rest.) 3. University Publishers, Railway Road (ResL) MATHURA-Rath &. Co., THohi Building KANPUR- Bengali Ghat (Rest.) 1. Advani & Co. P. Bo" 100, The Mall (Reg.) MEERUT- 2. Sahitya Niketan, Shradhanand Park (Reg.) 3. The Universal Book Stall. The Mall (Reg.) L Prakash Educational Stores, 4. Raj Corporation R~,j House P. B. 200, Subhas Ba~ar (Reg.) Chowk (Reg) 2. Hind Chitra Press. West Kutchery Road (Reg.; 3. Loyal Book Depot, Chhipi Tank (Reg.) KARUR-Shri Y. Nagaraja Rao, 4' Bharat Educational Stores, Chhipi I 26, Sriniv8sapuram (Rest.) Tank (Rest.) 5. Universal Book Depot, Booksellers KODARMA-The Bhagwati Press, P. O. and News Agents (Rest.) Jhumri Tilaiya, Dt. Hazaribagh (Reg.) MONGHYR-Anusandhan, Minerva Press KOLHAPUR-Maharashtra Granth l3handar, Buil~ng '" (Rest.) .Mahadwar Road (Rest.) MUSSOORIE- KOTA-Kota Book Depot (Rest.) 1. Cambridge Book Depot, The Mall (Rest.) KUMTA-S. Y. Kamat, Booksellers &. 2. Hind Traders (Rest.) Stationers (N. Kamira) (Reg.) MUZAFFARNAGAR- LUCKNOW- 1. Mittal &. Co,. 85-C New Mandi (Rest.) 1. Soochna Sahitya Depot, (State Book 2. B. S. Jain & Co.• 71, Abupura (Rest.) Depot) 2. Balkrishna Book Co. Ltd., HazI'atganj (Reg.) MUZAFFARPUR- 3. British Book Depot, 84, Hazratganj (Reg.) 1. Scientific & Educational Supply 4. Ram Adwani, Ha~atganj. P. B. 154 (Reg.) Syndicate (Reg.) 5. Universal Publishers I (P.) Ltd., 2. Legal Corner, Tikmanio House, Hazratganj (Reg.) Amgola Road (Rest.) 6. Eastern Book Co .• Lalbagh Road (Reg.) 3. Tirhut Book Depot (Rest.) 7. Civil & Military Educational Stores. 106/B Sadar Bazar (Rest.) MYSORE- 8. Acquarium Supply Co .• 213. Faizabad Road (Rest.) 1. H. Venkataralhiah & Sons, New Statue 9. Law Book Mart. Amin-Ud-Daula Park ..... ' (Rest.) Circle (Reg.) 2. Peoples Book House. Opp. Jagan Mohan LUDHIANA- Palace I iReg.) 3. Geeta Book House, Booksellers & 1. Lyall Book Depot, Chaura Bazar (Rcg.) Publishers, Krishnamurthipuram (Rest.) 2. Mohindra Brothers, Katcheri Road (Rest.) 4. News P~per House, Lansdowne Building (Rest.) 3. Nanda Statione'ry Bhandar. Pustak Bazar (Rest.) 5. Indian Mercentile Corporation, Toy 4. The Pharmacy News, Pindi Street (Rest.) Palace Ramvilas (Re~t,) MADRAS- NADIAD-R. s. Desay, Station Road' (Rest.) 1. Supdt.. Govt. Press, Mount Road NAGPUR- 2. Account Test Institute, P. O. 760 Emgore (Reg.) L Supdt., Govt. Press & Book Dep,t 3. C. Subbiah Chetty &. CD" Triplicane (Reg.) 2. Western Book Depot, Residency Road (Reg.) 4. K. Krishnamurty, Post Box 384 (Reg.}- 3. The Asstt. Secretary, Mineral Industry 5. Presidency Book Supplies, 8, Pycrofts Association, Mineral House (Rest.) ROad, Triplicane (Reg.) 6. P. Yardhachary & ·Co., 8, Linghi NA1~ITAL-Coural Book Depot, Bara Bazar (Rest.) Chetty Street (Reg.) 7. Palani Parchuram; 3, pycrofts Road, NANDED-· Triplicane I •.• (Reg.)' ~'. NCBH Private Ltd., 199. Mount Road (Reg.) I. Book Centre, College Law General , Y. Sadanand, The Personal Bookshop, Booh, Station Road (Rest.) 10, Congress Building, 111, Mount Road (Rcst.) 2. Hiupustan General Stores, Paper &. .. Stationery Merchants P.B. No. 51 (Rest.) MADURAI- 3. Sanjoy Book Agency, Vazirabad (Rest.) 1. Oriental Book House, 258, West Masi NEW DELHI- Street (Reg.) 2. Yivekananda Press, 48, West Masi 1. Arnrit Book Co .• Connaught Circus (Reg.) StNet (Reg.) 2. Bhawani &. Sons. 8F, Connaught Place ,Reg.) 3. Central News Agency, 23/90 Connaught MANDYA SUGAR TOWN-K. N.Narimhe Circus (Reg.) Gowda &. Sons ... (Rest.) 4. Empire Book Depot,-278 Aliganj (Reg.) ( v) 5. Bnglish 1300k Stores, 7-L, Connaught POONA- Circus P. O. B. 328 : .. (Reg.) 6. Faqir Chand & Sons, 15-A Khan Market (Reg,) 1. Deccan :Sook Stall, Deccan Gymkha~a (Reg.) 2. Imperial Book Depot, 266, M.G. Road (Reg.) 7. Jain Book Agency, C-9, Prem House, 3. International Book Service, Deccan Connaught Place (Reg.) Gymkhana (Reg.) 8. Oxford Book & Stationery Co., Scindia 4. Raka Book Agency. Opp. Nathu's House (Reg.) Chawl, Near Appa Balwant Chowk (Reg.) 9. Ram Krishna & Sons (of Lahore) 16{B, 5. Utility Book Depot, 1339, Connaught Place (Reg.) Shivaji Nagar . (Rest.) 10. Sikh Publishing House. 7-C, (Reg.) Connaught Place PUDUKOITAI-Shri P. N. Swaminath~n 11. Suneja Book Centre, 24/90, Connaught Sivam & Co., East Main Road (Rest.) Circus (Reg.) 12. United Book Agency, 31, Municipal RAJKOT-Mohan La! Dossabhai Shah, Book- Market, C0nnaught Circus (Reg.) sellers and Sub-Agents . (Reg,) 13. Jayana Book Depot, Chhaparwala Kuan Karol Bagh {Reg.} RANCHI- 14. Naw.yug Traders, Desh Bandhu Gupta Road, Dev Nagar (Reg.) 1.' Crown Book Depot, Upper Bazar (Reg.) 2. Pustak Mahal, Upper Bazar (Rest.) 15. Saraswati Book Depot. 15, Lady Harding Road (Reg.) 16. The Secretary, Indian Met. Society REWA-Supdt., Govt. State Emporium V. P. Lodi Road (Reg.) 17. New Book Depot, Latest Books, ROURKELA-The Rourkela Review ... (Res!.) Periodicals, Sty. and Novelles. P.B. 96, Connaught Place (Reg.) SAHARANPUR-Chandra Bharata Pustak 18. Mehra Brothers, 50-G, Kalkaji (Reg.) Bhandar, Court Road (Rest.) 19. Luxmi Book Stores, 42, Janpath (Rest.) 20. Hindi Book House, 82, Janpath (Rest.) SECUNDERABAD-Hindustan Diary 21. Pecple Publishing House (P) Ltd., Publisher. Market Street (Reg.) Rani Jhansi Road (Reg.) 22. R. K. Publishers, 23, 13eadon Pura, SILCHAR-Shri Nishitto Sen Nazirpatti (Rest.) Karol Bagh (Rest.) 23. Sharma Bros, 17, New Market, SIMLA- Moti Nagar (Reg.) 1. Supdt., Himachal Pradesh Govt. 24. Aapki Dukan. 5}5777, Dev Nagar (Rest) 2. Minerva Book Shop, The MqIl (Reg.) 25. Sarvodaya Service, 66A-l, Rohtak 3. The New Book Depot, 79, The Mall (Reg.) Road" P. B., 2521 (Rest.) 26. H. Chandson, P. B. No. 3034 (Rest.) SINNAR--Shri N. N. Jakhadi, Agent, Times 27. The Secretary, Federation of Associ of India, Sinnar (Nasik) (Rest.) ation of Small Industry of India. 23-B/2, Rohtak Road ,(Rest.) SHILLONG- 28. Standard Booksellers & Stationers, Palam Enclave (Rest.) 1. The Officer-in-Charge, Assam Govt. 29. Lakshmi Book Depot, 57, Regarpura (Rest.) B.D. 30. Sant Ram Booksellers, 16, New 2. ChapaJa Bookstall, P. B. No. 1 (Rest. ) Municipal Market Lodi Colony (Rest.) SONEPAT-United Book Agency (Reg.) PANJIM- 1. Singhals Book House P. O. B. 70 SRINAGAR-The Kashmir Bookshop, Near the Church (Rest.) Residency Road (Reg.) 2. Sagoon Gaydev Dhoud. Booksellers, SURAT- Shri Gajanan Pustakalaya, 5.7 Rau, 3 Ide Jamesia (Rest.) Tower Road (Reg.) PATHANKOT--The Krishna Book Depot, Main Bazar (Rest.) TIRUCHIRAPALLI- 1. Kalpana Publishers, Wosiur (Reg.) PATIALA- 2. S. Krishnaswami & Co., 35, Subhash Chander Bose Road (Reg.) 1. Supdt., Bhupendra State Press 3. Palamiappa Bros. (Rest.) 2. Jain & Co., 17, Shah Nashin Bazar ... (Reg.) TRIVANDERUM- PATNA- 1. International Book Depot, Main Road (Reg.) 1. Supdt., Govt. Printing (Bihar) '2. Reddear Press & Book Depot, 2. J. N. P. Agarwal & Co., Padri-ki- P. B. No.4 (Rest.) Haveli Raghunath Bhawan (Reg.) 3. Luxmi Trading Co .• Padri-ki-Haveli (Reg.) TUTICORIN-Shri K. Thiagarajan, W-C, 4. Moti Lal Banarsi Dass, Banldpore (Reg.) French Chapal ~oad ... (Rest.) 5. "B,ngal Law House, Chowhatta (Rest.) UDAIPUR- PITHORAGARH-Maniram Punetha & Sons ... (Rest.) 1. Jagdish & Co., Inside Surajapole (Rest.) PONDICHERRY-M!s. Honesty Book House. 2. Book Centre, Maharana, Bhopal 9 Rue Duplix (R.) Consumers, Co·op. Society Ltd. (Rest.) (vi ) UJJAIN-Manak Chand Book Depot, Sati Gate (Rest.) 5. The O. IIC, Extension Centre, Club Road, Muzaft"arpur YARANASI- 6. I The Director. Indian Bureau of. Mines, Govt. d' India. Ministry of Mines & Fuel, Nagpuc 1. Students, Friends & Co., Lanka (Rest., 7. The Asstt. Director. Industria'! &tension Centre, 2. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Nadiact,;(Gujarat) Gopal Mandir Road, P. B. 8 (Reg.) .8. The Head Clerk Photozincographic Press,S, Finance 3. Globe Book Centre . (Rest.) Road, Poqna 4. Kohinoor Store, University Road, 9. Govt. Printing & Stationery, Rajkot Lanka (Reg.) 10. The O. I/C. Extension Centre, Industrial Estate, S. B.,H. U. Book Depot (Rest.) Kokar. Ranchi II. The Director, S. I. S. I. Industrial ExtenSion Centre, VELLORE-A. Vcnkatasubhan, Law Book- U dhna. Surat sellers . (Reg.) 12. The Registrar of Companies, Narayani Building, 27, Brabourne Road. calcutta-! VIlAYAW ADA-The Book & Review Centre, 13. The Registrar of Companies, Kerala, 50, Feet Road. Eluru Road, Governpet (Rest. ) Ernakulam . 14. The Registrar of Companies, H. No. 3-5-83, VTSAKHAPATNAM- Hyderguda, Hyderabad 15. Registrar of Companies, Assam, Manipu)' and 1. Gupta Brothers. Vizia Building (Regj Tripura, Shillong 2. Book Centre, 11/97. Main Road (Reg.) 16. Registrar of Companies, Sunlight Insurance Build· 3. The Secy. Andhra University, General ing, Ajmeri Gate Extension, New Delhi Co-oP. Stores Ltd. (Rest.) 17. Registrar of Companies, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, Link Road, Jullundur City '\n.'L\.~~~<0~R~M.-''''~''l.~~ &. C"'. Th. 'l<.e!iI~rar 01: -Compan'les, ~inar. 7Jama'l '1<.O'db. Patna-l WARDHA-Swarajya Bhandar, Bhorji Market (Reg.) 19. Registrar of Companies, Raj & Ajmer Shri Kamta Prasad House, 1st Floor, 'C' Scheme, Ashok Marg, Jaipur For Local Sale 20. The Registrar of Companies, Andhra Bank Build· ing, 6 Linghi Chetty Street P. B. 1530, Madras .1. Govt. of India Kitab Mahal, Janpath, Opp. India 21. The Registrar of Companies, Mahatma Gandhi Coffee House, New Delhi Road, West Cotto Bldg. P. B. 334, Kanpur 2. Govt, of India Book Depot, 8 Hastings Street, 22. The Registrar of Companies, Everest 100, Marine Calcutta Drive, Bombay 3. High Commissioner for India in London, India 23. The Registrar of Companies, 162. Brigade Road. House, London, W. C. Bangalore 24. The Registrar of Companies, Gwalior 25. Asstt. Director, Extension Centre, Bhuli Road, Railway Book Stall holde~s Dhanbad 1. SIS. A. H. Wheeler & Co., 15, Elgin Road, 26. Registrar of Companies, Orissa, Cuttack Chandi, Allahabad Cuttack 2. Gahlot Bros., K. E. M. Road, Bikaner 27. The Registrar of Companies, Gujarat State, Gujarat 3. Higinbothams & Co. Ltd., Mount Road. Madras Samachar Building, Ahmedabad 4. M. Gulab Singh & Sons Private Ltd., Mathura 28. Publicatioll Division, Sale Depot, North Block, Road, New Delhi New Delhi 29. The Development Commissioner, Small Scale Industries, New Delhi Foreign 30. The O. I: Coo Ui:liversity Employment Bureau, Lucknow 1. SIS. Education Enterprise Private Ltd., Kathumandu 31. O.I/C.. S. I. S. I. Extension Centre, MaIda (Nepal) 32. O. J/C., s. 1. S. I. Extension Centre, Habra, 2. SIS Aktie Bologat, C. E. Fritzes Kungl,-HovobO Tahalur;a, 24-Parganas khandel, Fredsgation-2 BOlt 1656, Stockholm-16 33. O. J/C., S.1.S.I. Model carpentry Workshop, Piyali (Sweden) Nagar. P. O. Burnipur 3. Reise·und Verkehrsverlag Stuttgart. Post 730, 34. O. l/C., s. I. S. I .. Chrontanning Extension Centre, Gutenbergstra. 21, Stuttg.:lrt No. 11245, Stuttga(1: Taogra 33. North Topsia Road, Calcutta-46 den (@ermany West) 35. O. I/C •. S. I. S. I. Extension Centre (Footwear), 4. Shri Iswar SuhramanYam 452, Reversite Driv Apt. Calcutta 6. New York, 27 NWY 36. Asstt. Director. Extension Centre, Hyderabad 5. The Proprietor, Book Centre, Lakshmi Mansoos, 37. Asstt. Director, Extension Centre, Krishna Distt. 49, The ~all. Lahore (Pakistan) (A. P.) 38. Employment Officer. Employment Exchange, Jhabua. On S. and R. Basis 39. Dy.-Director Incharge, S: I. S. I., C/o C!iief Civil Admn. Goa, Panjim 1. The Head Clerk, Govt. BOok Depot, Ahmedabad 40. The Registrar of Trade Unions, Kanpur 2. The Asstt. Director, Extension Centre, Kapileswar 41. The Employment Officer, Employryent Exchange, Road. Belgaum Gopal Bhavan. Mornia ' 3. The Employment Officer, Employment Exchnn$C, 42. The O. lIe., !State Information Centre, Hyderabad. Dhar 43. The Registrar of Companies Pondicherry . . 4. The Asstt. Director, Footwear Ex.tension Centre, 44. Th,e Asstt. Director of Publicity and Information, Polo Ground No.1, Jodhpur Vldhana Saubha (P. B. 271) Bangalore