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Interpretation of Divine Actions, Through the Divine Names And Biannual Journal Quran and Religious Enlightenment VOI.1, NO.1, Summer and Autumn 2020 http://quran2020.journals.pnu.ac.ir Interpretation of Divine Actions, Through the Divine Names and Attributes ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ اﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻬﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻤﺎء و ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻬﻲ Received: 14/11/2018 Accepted: 03/02/2020 ﻣﻬﺪي اﻳﺰديMahdi Izadi1 1 2 Tahereh Chiniforoshan 2 ﻃﺎﻫﺮه ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺮوﺷﺎن 3 اﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺎسﭘﻮرAmin Abbaspour 3 Abstract: The continuity and relevance of Quranic : ﭼﻜﻴﺪه expressions have long been considered by ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ و ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻋﺒﺎرات ﻗﺮآﻧﻲ از دﻳﺮﺑﺎز ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎن scholars. This issue has been raised mainly ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻴﺎن ﭼﻨﺪ آﻳﻪ و ﻳﺎ in a few verses or Surahs and less attention has been paid to one verse alone. In many ﺳﻮره ﻣﻄﺮح ﺑﻮده و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ آﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت واﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ,verses, after expressing the divine actions ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از آﻳﺎت، ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮﺷﻤﺮده ﺷﺪن اﻓﻌﺎل the names of the essence of the names of the اﻟﻬﻲ، اﻳﻦ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺎ اﺳﻤﺎء ذات ﻳﺎ اﺳﻤﺎء ﻓﻌﻞ ﭘﺮوردﮔﺎر ﻛﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ action of God are mentioned, which are often at the end of the verse and in the same در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ آﻳﺎت در ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺎق ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ و ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ context, which is explanations and ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ اوﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻢ، ﺣﻜﻴﻢ، ﺧﺒﻴﺮ، ﻣﻠﻚ و ﻋﺰﻳﺰ explanations and includes attributes such as ﺑﻮدن ﭘﺮوردﮔﺎر ﻗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺸﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي از being knowledgeable, wise, king, beloved and the Lord. Because the deeds of God ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮي، ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻪ اﺳﻤﺎء و ﺻﻔﺎت در آﻳﺎت ﻗﺮآن Almighty are a sign of the divine names in ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ آﻳﺎت در ﻳﻚ دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﻠﻲ، ﺑﻪ دو the degradation of existence. In the current ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ذات و ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻌﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪي article, using a descriptive-analytical ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد، روﺷﻦ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ method and interpretive sources, the interpretation of divine actions has been ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آﻳﺎت ﭘﺲ از ذﻛﺮ اﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻬﻲ، ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ آن ﻓﻌﻞ studied, according to the names and اﺳﺖ؛ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺒﻴّﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم و ﻣﻌﻨﺎي اﻓﻌﺎل و ﻫﻢ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه attributes in the verses of the Qur'an. These verses, in a general category, are of two ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻮدن اﺳﻤﺎء و ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ آﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﺎد categories: stating the cause of God's آﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ آﻳﺎت اﺳﺖ. actions, according to the attributes of the essence, and stating the cause of God's actions. ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: اﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻬﻲ، اﺳﻤﺎء و ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻬﻲ، ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ Keywords: Divine actions, Divine names, آﻳﺎت، ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن، آﻳﺎت ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ. and attributes, Proportion of verses, Quranic sciences, Verses explaining the cause and reasons of divine actions. 1 1 اﺳـــﺘﺎد ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ داﻧﺸـــﮕﺎه اﻣﺎم ﺻـــﺎدق(ع)، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. ,Professor of Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences Imam Sadegh University, Trhran, Iran. (Corresponding [email protected] (ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل) Author) [email protected] 2 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ دﻛﺘﺮي ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ داﻧ ﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ ا ﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮان، Ph.D. of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Islamic 2 Religions, Trhran, Iran. [email protected] اﻳﺮان. [email protected] 3 Ph.D. Candidate in Quran and Hadith Sciences, Imam 3 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﻣﺎم ﺻﺎدق(ع)، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. .Sadegh University, Trhran, Iran [email protected] [email protected] 114 Biannual Journal Quran and Religious Enlightenment, VOI.1, NO.1, Summer and Autumn 2020 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction But there is no such prohibition on The issue of appropriateness between thinking about the attributes, names, and verses and surahs and the relationship actions of God. It has been also between verses of the Qur'an with each encouraged. In some verses of the Holy other is one of the issues that has been Quran, the phrase "know" is mentioned. always considered by commentators and These verses call for being scholars of Qur'anic sciences. The knowledgeable about divine attributes, Qur'an is the miracle of the last prophet. names, and deeds: This book was revealed by God 1- know that Allah is all-mighty, Almighty. Therefore, accuracy in the all-wise (209-2) meaning of each word and the order of 2- and know that Allah has words and phrases is the key to a deeper knowledge of all things. (231-2) understanding of the messages of the 3- and know that Allah has Qur'an. Because the Qur'an was issued knowledge of all things. (233-2) from God Almighty based on wisdom 4- Know that Allah revives the and steadfastness. It is necessary for him earth after its death (17-57) to be wise and to do things based on his In some verses, after expressing a expediency and purpose. ruling or advice, God uses the verb Hence, the belief that in the Holy "know" to draw attention to the divine Qur'an, each word is in its place based attributes and names. The names of on a specific purpose, requires that the divine beauty that come after those final part of the verses and chapters advices have many meanings. The (surahs) be examined. The final phrases following is an example: of the verses may, at first glance, have O you who have faith! Spend of the little to do with the meaning of the verse. good things you have earned [through But in more detailed studies, contain trade and the like] and of what We bring many points about the meanings and forth for you from the earth, and do not concepts of the verses and the spirit that be of the mind to give the bad part of it, governs them, which will be effective in for you yourselves would not take it, explaining the hidden angles of the unless you ignore. And know that Allah meanings of the verses. In some verses is all-sufficient, all-laudable. (267-2) In of the Holy Quran, after stating the this verse, first, there is a compositional divine actions (such as revenge, sentence: A advice addressed to the contentment, guidance, etc.), at the end believers to forgive and give alms of of the verse or in other parts of the verse, good and pleasant wealth. He goes on to on the attributes of divine attributes address the believers: And know that (such as dear, wise, knowledgeable, Allah is all-sufficient, all-laudable. Now glorious, etc. ...) is mentioned. the question is, what is the purpose of It is a kind of interpretation of divine inviting the believers to become aware actions, expressed by divine attributes. of the two attributes of all-sufficient, all- However, the Holy Qur'an warns human laudable after being invited to give alms beings against thinking in the divine of good wealth?. essence because creatures cannot have After the command to give alms, it scientific mastery over God: “though may be thought that God needs the alms they do not comprehend Him in their of the believers. However, the all- knowledge (110-20)”. sufficient adjective states that God does Interpretation of Divine Actions, Through the Divine Names and Attributes / Mahdi Izadi, Tahereh Chiniforoshan, Amin Abbaspour 115 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ not need their almsgiving and that sciences. Second, in this article, how to almsgiving in the way of God is for the interpret divine actions to divine benefit of the giver and not for the attributes is examined. In such a way benefit of God. But another adjective that by bringing several examples of that is raised is the all-laudable. divine actions, its connection with the Mentioning the adjective Hamid can final phrases of the verse is explained. have two meanings. Hamid means to According to the authors of the article, praise God. That is, God, while often the end of each verse is needless, is the praiser of the eligible appropriate to the content of the verse. giver. The reason is that this issue originates Hamid, meaning that God is from the divine wisdom in the way of Mahmoud, teaches that God Almighty positioning the words in the verses of deserves praise and thanksgiving. The the Holy Quran. The research method most obvious example of divine praise was descriptive-analytical and with an is almsgiving in His way and by His in-depth study of interpretive sources command. Mentioning the adjective all- and Quranic sciences. There was laudable can have two meanings. All- attempt an attempt to prove the above laudable means to praise God. That is, claim. God, while needless, is the praiser of the eligible giver. All-laudable means that Background God is deserving praise, teaches that The issue of correlation between verses God Almighty deserves praise and has always been considered by scholars thanksgiving. of Quranic sciences. This correlation The most obvious example of divine has been discussed in the books of praise is almsgiving in His way and by Quranic sciences with titles such as His command. The above verse was an endings, intervals, appropriateness, and example in which God, after advising order of verses. In this regard, several the believers, explains the contents by works have been written. Examples mentioning the divine names and including books such as the attributes. There are many such cases in appropriateness of verses, (Maerefat), the Holy Quran. Sometimes, in some Moetarak al-Aqr'an (Suyuti), Rhetoric verses, God, after the current expression and pauses of the Qur'an (Taherkhani), of His actions, explains that action to Order in the proportion of verses and His more general attributes, names, or verses (Baqa'i), Research on the order of actions. This will be explained in detail. the Qur'an (Feqhizadeh). The innovative aspect of the present Examples of books on the subject of article is, first, the study of the meaning pauses and proportions of verses are Al- of pauses and expressions with divine Atqan in the sciences of the Qur'an in names and attributes of the verse the sixty-second type (Suyuti), Al- according to the provisions of the same Burhan in the sciences of the Qur'an in verse.
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