.. IBM® PC and Macintosh® Networking Macintosh Til Revealed Introduction to Macintosh Til Pascal Volume One: Unlocking the Jonathon Simonoff Toolbox, Second Edition Stephen Chernicoff The Macintosh Til Advisor (updated for MultiFinder) Volume Two: Programming Cynthia Harriman and Bencion Calico with the Toolbox, Second Edition Object-Oriented Programming Stephen Chernicoff for the Macintosh Til Kurt J. Schmucker Volume Three: Mastering the Toolbox Programmingthe68000 Stephen Chernicoff Edwin Rosenzweig and Harland Harrison (forthcoming) The ExceiTII Advanced User's Volume Four: Programming Guide the Macintosh ll Richard Loggins Stephen Chernicoffand Geri Younggren d.BASE® Mac Programmer's (forthcoming) Reference Guide Edward C. Jones Advanced Macintosh Til Pascal Paul Goodman HyperTalk I'll Programming Dan Shafer How to Write Macintosh I'll Software Supercharging HyperTalk '" Scott Knaster with C and Pascal Dan Shafer MacAccess: Information in (forthcoming) Motion IBM® PC and Macintosh"' Net· Dean Gengle and Steuen Smith working Steue Michel Macintosh Til Multiplan® Macintosh,.. Hard Disk Joan Lasselle and Carol Ramsay Management Personal Publishing with the Bencion J. Calico and Charles Rubin (forthcoming) Macintosh Til (Featuring PageMaker Version Nonlibrary Titles 2.0), Second Edition Terry M. Ulick C Programming Techniques for the Macintosh,.. Basic Microsoft® BASIC for the Zigurd Mednieks and Terry M. Schilke Macintosh~'~~ James S. Coon and Louisa Coan Artificial Intelligence Programming on the Macintosh I'll Dan Shafer MPW and Assembly Language Programming 68000,68010,68020~er Scott Kronick Stan Kelly-Bootie and Bob Fowler For the retailer nearest you, or to order directly from the publisher, caii800-428-SAMS. In Indiana, Alaska, and Hawaii call317-298-5699. \ IBM® PC and Macintosh® Networking Stephen L. Michel HAYDEN BOOKS A Division of Howard W. Sams & Company 4300 Wt~st 62nd Street lncllanapolls. Indiana 46268 USA To Margaret and my family c1988 by Stephen L. Michel FIRST EDmON FIRST PRINTING-1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. International Standard Book Number: 0·672-48405·6 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 87·63172 Acquisitions Editor: Greg Michael Manuscript Editor: Sara Bernhardt Black Cover Art: Celeste Design Indexer: Northwind Editorial Services Technical Reviewers: Mike Rogers-TOPS; Cliff Guren, Robert Lenoil, and Michael Quinn-Apple Computer, Inc. Compositor: Shepard Poorman Communications Printed in the United States of America \ Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments XV Trademarks xvii Why a Network? xix CHAPTER 1 How the Macintosh and the PC Really Differ 1 Macintosh and PC Files 2 Subdirectories and Folders 1.2 Disks and Volumes 15 CHAPTER 2 TOPS 17 Part A Introduction 17 Decentralized Network Functions 18 TOPS Basics 19 Part B TOPS on the Macintosh 2.2 The TOPS Desk Accessory 2.2 Strategies for TOPS 33 Part C TOPS on the PC 38 Flexibility 39 v I ~ I Vi IBM PC and Macintosh Networking Components of TOPS 39 Installing TOPS 40 Starting TOPS 43 Using TOPS 44 Publishing and Mounting Printers 47 Using Networked AppleTalk Printers 50 Using TOPSMENU 56 Working from the DOS Command Line 72 Batch Files Are Your Friends 81 Unloading TOPS from Your Machine 91 Part D Putting It Together: Implementing TOPS Networking 93 How TOPS Handles the Major Differences Between the Macintosh and the PC 93 Strategies for Working Between the 1\vo Computers 97 Using TOPS to Bridge with Other Networks 102 CHAPTER 3 AppleShare 107 The AppleShare System 108 Using AppleShare on Macintosh Workstations 110 Using PCs with AppleShare PC 114 AppleShare PC and Macintosh & DOS Files 143 Working with the PC and the Macintosh Using AppleShare 147 CHAPTER 4 Coexistence: Transferring Files Back and Forth 151 Part A Introduction 151 The Pivot File 152 Unexpected Uses of Software 152 Standards 153 About This Chapter 155 Part B Translation Programs and Utilities 156 MacLink Plus 156 The TOPS Translators 162 The Apple File Exchange 162 Other Translation Programs 163 HyperCard 166 Part C Word Processing 171 The Problem 172 General Tips 174 ASCII Thxt Files 176 Macintosh Text Files on the PC 181 \ vii Contents Interchange or Common File Formats 18.2 Document Conversion Architecture 183 Rich Text Format 185 De Facto Standard Document Conversion Formats 186 Direct Compatibility 188 Conversion Programs 190 Multiuser Word Processors 191 Part D Databases and Spreadsheets 19.2 Databases 193 Spreadsheets 200 PartE Graphics and Desktop Publishing .216 Graphics .216 Desktop Publishing Programs .2.26 CHAPTER 5 Managing the Network 231 Specific Responsibilities .23.2 Data Backup .233 General Responsibilities .234 Appendix A Glossary .241 Appendix 8 ASCII Character Sets 263 Appendix C Working with PostScript Printers .271 Index .285 Preface Who Should Read This Book? Those Who Have Both PCs and Macintoshes and Want to Network Them This book discusses two software-hardware product combinations that allow the PC and the Macintosh to be connected in a network and to share files, storage, and printers over that network. These two products-TOPS from TOPS, in Berkeley, California, and AppleS hare and AppleShare PC from Apple Computer, Inc.-provide two differ­ ent approaches to the situation. If you are in one set of circum­ stances, you might choose one product; if you have another configuration, you might choose the other. This book can help you decide between the two solutions. Those Who Have One or the Other of These Products Despite the constraints of having to describe two very different solu­ tions to the networking situation, I have tried to include a fair amount of useful information for users of either. Much of the mate­ rial herein-such as chapter 4, dealing with "coexistence" or file ix X IBM PC and Macintosh Networking transfer between the two environments, and chapter 5, dealing with managing the network-apply as much as possible to either situation. Those Who Need to Transfer Files Even if you are using only a serial connection to transfer information (and a product such as DataViz' MacLink to translate the files), much information is in here about the file formats used by various pro­ grams on each type of computer. Sometimes, I daresay, I go into more detail than is absolutely necessary about these file formats. But if you must choose among several ways to transfer, say, a database file from one machine to the other, this book should help you decide whether to use DIF, SYLK, or comma-delimited ASCII files to do it. Those Who Are Curious Clearly, we are going to be living in a computer world that has room for both these machines. How-or even-do you choose between them? What is the true nature of their differences? Besides just telling you how these machines are different, I have tried to explain why they are different and why it is necessary that so many of their internal mechanisms are different. It's not possible to provide a book that is all things to all people; networking is a subject worthy of an encyclopedia. Such things as work habits and the structure of work groups are beyond the scope of this book. I have tried, though, to provide information that will benefit most of the people who seek to integrate these two major computer systems. A Few Words About Terms Much confusion about terminology exists in the computer world, especially in cases such as this book where the same terms can have many different meanings, depending on the context. I have included as complete a glossary as possible, given the changing nature of the industry. The glossary often features several definitions for terms­ whether they are used in the PC context, the Macintosh context, or the TOPS context (or sometimes all three at once). When in doubt about a term, check the glossary and the context. Between the two, Xi Preface you should be able to figure it out. A short discussion of two common terms follows. PC When I say "PC" I don't mean to say only IBM's PC, to the exclusion of all the clones, the mM XT, and the AT. Rather, I'm referring to the range of computers that are built around the IBM standard and that run some version of Microsoft's DOS. Insofar as they are able to use the hardware and software discussed in the book, PC also refers to the IBM PS/2 line of computers. PC, then, is a generic term (but not too generic-the Macintosh and Apple II are also personal computers). DOS Again, several versions of DOS are available. When IBM sells DOS, they call it PC DOS. Other companies call it MS DOS. In this book, I call it plain DOS. Because most, if not all, networking products re­ quire DOS 3.1 or later versions, take as a given that I am referring to one of these versions. How Is This Book Organized? Networking is a complex subject. Networking two such disparate computers as the Macintosh and the PC adds to the complexity. This book is divided into two parts, dealing with the two sides of network­ ing the PC and the Macintosh. The first part deals with the two main solutions available today for hooking up the two machines: TOPS and AppleShare. Other solutions are available, but these products provide the most flexibility and are the two products likely to be most com­ manly used.