Sweden and Kollektivhus NU, [email protected] Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.50 Sida 5
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.49 Sida 1 Living together – Cohousing Ideas and Realities Around the World Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.49 Sida 2 Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.49 Sida 3 Div of Urban and Regional Studies Living together – Cohousing Ideas and Realities Around the World Proceedings from the international collaborative housing conference in Stockholm 5–9 May 2010 DICK URBAN VESTBRO (editor) Report Division of Urban and Regional Studies, Royal Institute of Technology in collaboration with Kollektivhus NU Stockholm 2010 Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.50 Sida 4 Living together – Cohousing Ideas and Realities Around the World Proceedings from the international collaborative housing conference in Stockholm 5–9 May 2010 Report Division of Urban and Regional Studies in collaboration with Kollektivhus NU. Keywords: Cohousing, housing policy, communal living, eco-villages, demographic change The International Collaborative Housing Conference was supported by the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Formas, and the housing companies shown below. Research grant Other sponsors Main sponsor Kollektivhuset Trädet, Göteborg © Division of Urban and Regional Studies, KTH, and Kollektivhus NU, 2010. Cover photo by Charles Durrett Graphic design: Ingrid Sillén, Migra Grafiska TRITA-SoM 2010-09 ISSN 1653-6126 ISRN KTH-SoM/R-10-09/SE ISBN: 978-91-7415-738-3 Printed by: Universitetsservice US AB, Stockholm 2010 Distribution: Division of Urban and Regional Studies, School of Architecture and the Built Environment, the Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 30, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden and Kollektivhus NU, [email protected] Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.50 Sida 5 Table of content Foreword Kerstin Kärnekull.................................................................................................7 Kollektivhus NU ...................................................................................................................10 Introduction: Cohousing – Issues and Challenges Bertil Egerö..........................................11 Concepts and Terminology Dick Urban Vestbro ................................................................21 A Good Home All Your Life Barbro Westerholm ...............................................................30 The Welfare Model Provides a Framework for Swedish Housing Policy Göran Cars ......33 History of Cohousing – Internationally and in Sweden Dick Urban Vestbro ...................42 Cohousing as a Building Block to the Ecovillage – Case Study of Yarrow Ecovillage, Canada Charles Durrett..............................................................56 Collaborative Housing in Germany Albrecht Göschel........................................................71 Social Change and Housing Demands – What Futures? Bertil Egerö.................................79 Why Do We Discuss Cohousing in Sweden in 2010? Eva Sandstedt ..................................87 Collective Housing and Well-being Margrethe Kähler.......................................................93 Cohousing and Ecovillages: A personal Take on Their Similarities and Differences Graham Meltzer ...........................................................................................................105 Collaborative Housing from a Woman’s Perspective Inga-Lisa Sangregorio ..................114 Thirty-three Years From the Start. Time for New Initiatives! Kerstin Kärnekull............124 Collaborative Housing: from Around the World Workshop ..........................................133 Cohousing Design Workshop .........................................................................................138 Demands for Collaborative Housing in the Future Workshop ......................................144 Strategies for Mobilisation and Recruitment Workshop ..............................................149 Initiatives from Below – the Role of Civil Society Workshop ......................................156 More Cohousing Through Cooperation between User Groups, Housing Companies and Municipalities Workshop ..................................................................................159 Suitable Forms of Ownership/Tenure and Economic Factors Workshop ......................164 Self-administration in Cohousing Projects Workshop ...................................................170 From “Wishful Thinking” to Moving In – the Steering and Planning Process Workshop ...................................................................................................................174 Shared Meals – the Hub of Living Together Workshop .................................................178 5 Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.50 Sida 6 Children and Youth in Cohousing Workshop ...............................................................184 Cohousing for Seniors Workshop ..................................................................................189 Conflicts and Andidotes Workshop ..............................................................................195 Saving by Sharing – How to Promote Sustainable Lifestyles Workshop .....................199 Can Cohousing Promote Gender Equality? Workshop ..................................................202 Social Environment and Health Workshop ...................................................................207 Collaborative Housing at a Crossroad: Critical Reflections from the International Collaborative Housing Conference Guillermo Delgado ..............................................212 List of Participants.............................................................................................................224 List of literature and websites...........................................................................................229 6 Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.50 Sida 7 Foreword f I had had an idea that cohousing existed, I would have moved in long ago.« »IThese were the words of a woman calling on the cohousing development Färdknäppen in Stockholm to ask if there would be a flat available for her. Since the s, or even before, new ways of living have seen the light in Europe and gradually spread to other continents. Collective housing, cohousing, mini- communities, bofælleskab, centraal wonen, gemeinschaftliches wohnen – a variety of new words are now in use to describe the many different models and types of housing that exist. Over the last three decades and more, I have, as a member of the research group Bo i Gemenskap (Live in Community), visited many cohousing projects in Sweden, the rest of Europe and Japan. Almost everyone we met was satisfied, in fact very satisfied, with her/his way of living. But people would also tell me about the general lack of interest and ignorance surrounding the developments, e.g. among neighbours, planners, architects, politicians and developers. This, however, seemed not to weaken their conviction that collaborative ways of living are bound to belong to the future. They saw many good reasons in the advantages of such living; a sense of community, the potential for economizing with resources, the value of resident cooperation and of learning together. Why then are we not seeing a dynamic growth in public interest and in the creation of new projects? Why all the obstacles in the way for these good ideas to be implemented? And why are there still so few people who know of the existence of such alternatives to living in a villa or a conventional apartment? In during a visit to the USA, I participated in a roundtrip in the San Francisco area, arranged by the Cohousing Association of the United States. I also spent some time in the Swan’s Market cohousing in Oakland and visited a number of projects together with Joani Blank and Dorit Fromm (thanks to you two). The tour inspired me to reflect over the value of an international conference. I contacted the chair of the Swedish cohousing organisation Kollektivhus NU, and he responded with great enthusiasm. He presented the idea to the board of the organisation, which decided to plan for a cohousing conference. A long period of enjoyable and hard work was started, to prepare for the first international conference on collaborative housing, to be held in Stockholm in May . 7 Kollektivhuskonf2010:Layout 1 10-09-08 00.50 Sida 8 Kerstin Kärnekull, one of the speakers at the conference and member of the conference working group. We had moments of doubt that the conference would ever become a reality. Economic crises, health problems of key individuals, important UN events drawing a keynote speaker from our program, and volcanoes spreading clouds of ashes over Europe, brought new obstacles to our work. Fortunately, the excellent support we were given by the Division of Urban and Regional Studies of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), by the research council FORMAS and by a number of sponsors (see publisher’s page of this volume) made it possible to move on. The conference could hardly have been implemented were it not for the support given by volunteers from cohousing developments all over Sweden. Equally important was the support from all those who agreed to act as chairpersons and secretaries in the workshops, and who had to prepare these in advance of the conference. Of the conference participants, close to persons offered their labour in voluntary activities. Without the strength and enthusiasm of these people, we would not have been able