The Nuremberg Laws: Creating the Road to the T-4 Program
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Theresienstadt Concentration Camp from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Coordinates: 50°30′48″N 14°10′1″E
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Theresienstadt concentration camp From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 50°30′48″N 14°10′1″E "Theresienstadt" redirects here. For the town, see Terezín. Navigation Theresienstadt concentration camp, also referred to as Theresienstadt Ghetto,[1][2] Main page [3] was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress and garrison city of Contents Terezín (German name Theresienstadt), located in what is now the Czech Republic. Featured content During World War II it served as a Nazi concentration camp staffed by German Nazi Current events guards. Random article Tens of thousands of people died there, some killed outright and others dying from Donate to Wikipedia malnutrition and disease. More than 150,000 other persons (including tens of thousands of children) were held there for months or years, before being sent by rail Interaction transports to their deaths at Treblinka and Auschwitz extermination camps in occupied [4] Help Poland, as well as to smaller camps elsewhere. About Wikipedia Contents Community portal Recent changes 1 History The Small Fortress (2005) Contact Wikipedia 2 Main fortress 3 Command and control authority 4 Internal organization Toolbox 5 Industrial labor What links here 6 Western European Jews arrive at camp Related changes 7 Improvements made by inmates Upload file 8 Unequal treatment of prisoners Special pages 9 Final months at the camp in 1945 Permanent link 10 Postwar Location of the concentration camp in 11 Cultural activities and -
Racist US Laws Provided Inspiration to the Nazis: an Interview with James Q
Racist US Laws Provided Inspiration To The Nazis: An Interview With James Q. Whitman James Q. Whitman is the Ford Foundation Professor of Comparative and Foreign Law at Yale Law School At a time when white supremacist ideas are thriving in the United States, a recently published book by James Q. Whitman, professor of comparative and foreign law at Yale Law School, provides a chilling account of the way US race law provided inspiration for the Nazis, including Hitler himself, in the making of the Nuremberg Laws and their pursuit of a “perfect” racist order. In an exclusive interview for Truthout, Professor Whitman explains the connection between the centerpiece anti-Jewish legislation of the Nazi regime – the Nuremberg Laws – and US race law. C.J. Polychroniou: Professor Whitman, most scholars before you have insisted that there was no direct US influence on Nazi race law, yetHitler’s American Model argues something quite the opposite: that the Nazis not only did not regard the United States as an ideological enemy, but in fact modeled the Nuremberg Laws after US racist legislation. First, can you briefly point out some of the evidence for your thesis, and then explain why others have failed to see a direct connection? James Q. Whitman: The evidence is pretty much in plain sight. Hitler himself described the United States in Mein Kampf as “the one state” that was making progress toward the creation of a racial order of the kind he hoped to establish in Germany. After the Nazis came to power, German lawyers regularly discussed American models — not only the model of Jim Crow segregation, but also American immigration law, which targeted Asians and southern and Eastern Europeans; American law establishing second-class citizenship for groups like Filipinos; and American anti-miscegenation statutes. -
SS-Totenkopfverbände from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande)
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history SS-Totenkopfverbände From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande) Navigation Not to be confused with 3rd SS Division Totenkopf, the Waffen-SS fighting unit. Main page This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason Contents has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2010) Featured content Current events This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding Random article citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) Donate to Wikipedia [2] SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), rendered in English as "Death's-Head Units" (literally SS-TV meaning "Skull Units"), was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi SS-Totenkopfverbände Interaction concentration camps for the Third Reich. Help The SS-TV was an independent unit within the SS with its own ranks and command About Wikipedia structure. It ran the camps throughout Germany, such as Dachau, Bergen-Belsen and Community portal Buchenwald; in Nazi-occupied Europe, it ran Auschwitz in German occupied Poland and Recent changes Mauthausen in Austria as well as numerous other concentration and death camps. The Contact Wikipedia death camps' primary function was genocide and included Treblinka, Bełżec extermination camp and Sobibor. It was responsible for facilitating what was called the Final Solution, Totenkopf (Death's head) collar insignia, 13th Standarte known since as the Holocaust, in collaboration with the Reich Main Security Office[3] and the Toolbox of the SS-Totenkopfverbände SS Economic and Administrative Main Office or WVHA. -
The Nuremberg Laws Deprived Jews of Their Rights in Nazi Germany by Encyclopedia Britannica, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 04.19.17 Word Count 670 Level 800L
The Nuremberg Laws Deprived Jews of Their Rights in Nazi Germany By Encyclopedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff on 04.19.17 Word Count 670 Level 800L Maria (right), a 6-year-old girl of the Romanian Jewish community, wears a yellow Star of David badge bearing the word "Jude," a symbol of Nazi persecution, along with another girl during a ceremony at the Holocaust memorial in Bucharest, Romania, October 11, 2011. About 800,000 Jews lived in Romania before World War II. Half of them died during the war or were sent to concentration camps. Only about 6,000 Jews live in Romania currently, according to official statistics. AP Photo/ Vadim Ghirda The Nazis created laws to take away the rights of the Jewish people in Germany. They were called the Nuremberg Laws and were the idea of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. The laws were passed in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, on September 15, 1935. The first law took away the citizenship of Jews. It was called the "Law of the Reich Citizen." The "Reich" was the name for the German empire. The other law was the "Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor." It said that Jews and non-Jewish Germans could not marry. Jews were not even allowed to fly the German flag. During World War II, Germany tried to destroy the Jewish people. They killed and imprisoned millions of them. It was called the Holocaust. The Nuremberg Laws were the beginning of that. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. -
Racial State” by Scholars
Obsession, Separation, and Extermination: The Nazi Reordering of Germany 2. Nazi Germany is described as a “Racial State” by scholars. Explain the place of racism and in particular of anti-Semitism to the Nazi reordering of Germany and of Europe. In your analysis pay attention to both ideology and practice, to domestic and foreign policy, to culture and to politics. Following the Nazi rise to power, officials declared that “hereafter the Reich will recognize only three classes: Germans (of German or related blood), Jews and ‘Jewish mixtures’” (Birchall, “Reich Puts Laws on Jews in Force; Trade Untouched”, in Moeller, 98). This quote lies in a source written in 1935, well before the mass extermination of the Jewish population began in the Third Reich. The politics of the Reich were built around a feeling of Volk and racial similarities; those who were declared to be outside of the Volk were ostracized by the practice of laws within the German culture. Racist ideology was formed and manifested quickly upon the rise of Nazi power, with racial laws causing an obsession with heritage and the split of Germans and Jews. Nazi racism spread internationally as well, particularly as the Nazis began the occupation of Poland, Austria, and other nations. This potent racism, especially toward Jews, fueled the manner in which the Nazis reordered the German nation into a race-obsessed state and spread their obsession into neighboring countries. Politics were the origin of the extreme anti-Semitism in Nazi German. The politicians decided what the German people should believe and advertised it well enough to succeed in changing the outlook of the population. -
Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany
Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:18 04 October 2016 Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany This book is about the ethics of nursing and midwifery, and how these were abrogated during the Nazi era. Nurses and midwives actively killed their patients, many of whom were disabled children and infants and patients with mental (and other) illnesses or intellectual disabilities. The book gives the facts as well as theoretical perspectives as a lens through which these crimes can be viewed. It also provides a way to teach this history to nursing and midwifery students, and, for the first time, explains the role of one of the world’s most historically prominent midwifery leaders in the Nazi crimes. Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:18 04 October 2016 Susan Benedict is Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, and Co- Director of the Campus-Wide Ethics Program at the University of Texas Health Science Center School of Nursing in Houston. Linda Shields is Professor of Nursing—Tropical Health at James Cook Uni- versity, Townsville, Queensland, and Honorary Professor, School of Medi- cine, The University of Queensland. Routledge Studies in Modern European History 1 Facing Fascism 9 The Russian Revolution of 1905 The Conservative Party and the Centenary Perspectives European dictators 1935–1940 Edited by Anthony Heywood and Nick Crowson Jonathan D. Smele 2 French Foreign and Defence 10 Weimar Cities Policy, 1918–1940 The Challenge of Urban The Decline and Fall of a Great Modernity in Germany Power John Bingham Edited by Robert Boyce 11 The Nazi Party and the German 3 Britain and the Problem of Foreign Office International Disarmament Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Arthur 1919–1934 L. -
Eugenics, Euthanasia and Genocide Kenneth L
The Linacre Quarterly Volume 59 | Number 3 Article 6 August 1992 Eugenics, Euthanasia and Genocide Kenneth L. Garver Bettylee Garver Follow this and additional works at: http://epublications.marquette.edu/lnq Recommended Citation Garver, Kenneth L. and Garver, Bettylee (1992) "Eugenics, Euthanasia and Genocide," The Linacre Quarterly: Vol. 59: No. 3, Article 6. Available at: http://epublications.marquette.edu/lnq/vol59/iss3/6 Eugenics, Euthanasia and Genocide by Kenneth L. Garver Department of Medical Genetics, West Penn Hospital Pittsburgh, PA and Bettylee Garver Director, Genetic Counseling Program Department of Human Genetics Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Introduction As physicians or health care providers we should be concerned with the history of eugenics. However, as George Wilhelm Hegel has commented, "What experience and history teach is this - that people and governments never have learned anything from history, or acted on principles deducted from it" (The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations 195, p. 240).' If this is so, and certainly it appears to be, with the strong emergence of public attitudes regarding "The Right to Die," then we have a duty as physicians to guide the public toward a commitment for the sanctity of life. The distinction should be made between genetics and eugenics. Genetics is a legitimate scientific study of heredity. Eugenic comes from the Greek word, eugenes (eu-well and genos-born). The term refers to improving the race by the bearing of healthy offspring. Eugenics is the science that deals with all influences that improve the inborn quality of the human race, particularly through the control of hereditary factors. -
Hitler's American Model
Hitler’s American Model The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law James Q. Whitman Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford 1 Introduction This jurisprudence would suit us perfectly, with a single exception. Over there they have in mind, practically speaking, only coloreds and half-coloreds, which includes mestizos and mulattoes; but the Jews, who are also of interest to us, are not reckoned among the coloreds. —Roland Freisler, June 5, 1934 On June 5, 1934, about a year and a half after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of the Reich, the leading lawyers of Nazi Germany gathered at a meeting to plan what would become the Nuremberg Laws, the notorious anti-Jewish legislation of the Nazi race regime. The meeting was chaired by Franz Gürtner, the Reich Minister of Justice, and attended by officials who in the coming years would play central roles in the persecution of Germany’s Jews. Among those present was Bernhard Lösener, one of the principal draftsmen of the Nuremberg Laws; and the terrifying Roland Freisler, later President of the Nazi People’s Court and a man whose name has endured as a byword for twentieth-century judicial savagery. The meeting was an important one, and a stenographer was present to record a verbatim transcript, to be preserved by the ever-diligent Nazi bureaucracy as a record of a crucial moment in the creation of the new race regime. That transcript reveals the startling fact that is my point of departure in this study: the meeting involved detailed and lengthy discussions of the law of the United States. -
Nazi Germany and Anti-Jewish Policy
NAZI GERMANY AND ANTI-JEWISH POLICY The Nazi Party rose to power with an antisemitic racial ideology. However, the anti-Jewish campaign was not conducted according to a blueprint, rather it evolved. Before the outbreak of the war, political and economic factors, as well as public opinion both inside and outside Germany influenced the evolution of Nazi anti-Jewish laws and measures. The main purpose of the anti-Jewish policy between 1933 and 1938 according to the racial theory was to isolate German Jewry from German society and ultimately encourage them to leave their homeland. Through 1938 and into 1939, more and more force was used to push Jews out of German territory. In addition to the fact that the laws and decrees were issued chronologically, they should also be understood for how they affected different spheres of life. They affected personal status, the interaction of Jews with general society, and their economic situation. The restrictions affected individuals and the Jewish community as a whole. Jews were not only limited by the SA soldier near a Jewish-owned store on the day of the boycott, Germany. flurry of laws and decrees, they also frequently felt deeply humiliated Yad Vashem Photo Archive (1652/11) by them. BUILD UP OF ANTI-JEWISH POLICY (1933-1938) 1933 1934 marked by boycotts against Jews and the exclusion of Jews from all government - related jobs, including serving as judges and teachers. 1935 marked by the Nuremberg Laws which classified Jews according to racial criteria and deprived them of German citizenship. 1937 1938 marked by increasing anti-Jewish violence, confiscation of Jewish property, - and the forbidding of Jewish ownership of businesses. -
Genetics and Politics in the Soviet Union: Trofim Denisovich Lysenko in the 1930S, Forced Collectivization of Farms in the Soviet Union Reduced Harvests
HGSS: Genetics, Politics, and Society. © 2010, Gregory Carey 1 Genetics, Politics, and Society Eugenics Origins Francis Galton coined the word eugenics in his 1883 book Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development. The term itself derives from the Greek prefix eu (ευ) meaning good or well and the Greek word genos (γενοσ) meaning race, kind or stock. In 1904, Galton gave a presentation to the Sociological Society in London about eugenics. His presentation, along with invited public commentary, appeared in the American Journal of Sociology (Galton, 1904a) with virtually identical versions (sans commentary) appearing in Nature (Galton, 1904b) and, with commentary, in Sociological Papers (Galton, 1905). In these papers, he defined eugenics as “the science which deals with all influences that improve and develop the inborn qualities of a race.” (It is crucial to recognize that the word “race” was used at that time in an eQuivocal fashion. It could denote the term as we use it today, but it could also refer to a human ethnic group or nationality—e.g., the English race—or even a breed of horse or dog. Galton himself meant it in the generic sense of “stock.”) Galton’s view of the future combined fervor with caution: I see no impossibility in eugenics becoming a religious dogma among mankind, but its details must first be worked out sedulously in the study. Overzeal leading to hasty action would do harm, by holding out expectations of a near golden age, which will certainly be falsified and cause the science to be discredited. By “the study” Galton was referring to academic research. -
Testimony Video Guide
TESTIMONY VIDEO GUIDE UNIT LESSON NAME OF PERSON DESCRIPTION OF CLIP LENGTH OF ON CAMERA VIDEO CLIP Kristallnacht: "Night of Broken Studying the Holocaust Glass" Kurt Messerschmidt Events of Kristallnacht Pogrom 4:25 John Graham Prewar Jewish life in Germany 0:56 H. Henry Sinason Jewish social life and religious beliefs in prewar Germany 1:45 Childhood and relationships with family and non-Jews Prewar Jewish Life and Nazi Margaret Lambert before Nazi occupation 1:45 Antisemitism Harrassment of German-Jewish children by their non- Antisemitism H. Henry Sinason Jewish peers in the 1930s 2:05 Antisemitism and vandalism targeting Jewish homes and Henry Laurant businesses 2:04 Judith Becker Discussion of racist Nazi eugenics ideas in German schools 3:12 Nazi Antisemitic Ideology H. Henry Sinason The Hitler Youth movement and incidents of antisemitism 1:45 and Propaganda Esther Clifford Nazi propaganda 1:40 Weimar Republic and Rise of Alfred Caro The Weimar Republic and subsequent governments 0:48 the Nazi Party Frank Shurman Inflation in prewar Germany and its effects on society 1:04 An adolescent confronts the appeal of joining a German Julia Lentini nationalist youth movement 1:51 Herman Cohn The Nuremburg Laws and their effects on Jewish life 0:40 Anti-Jewish Policy in 1930s Germany Nazi Germany Margaret Lambert Segregation and exclusion of Jews in 1933 1:31 Esther Clifford Events of Kristallnacht Pogrom 2:45 Attempts by Jews to flee Germany and immigrate to other Esther Clifford countries 3:01 A Model for the Escalation of Hate Alfred -
The Complex Relationship Between Jews and African Americans in the Context of the Civil Rights Movement
The Gettysburg Historical Journal Volume 20 Article 8 May 2021 The Complex Relationship between Jews and African Americans in the Context of the Civil Rights Movement Hannah Labovitz Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj Part of the History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Recommended Citation Labovitz, Hannah (2021) "The Complex Relationship between Jews and African Americans in the Context of the Civil Rights Movement," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 20 , Article 8. Available at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj/vol20/iss1/8 This open access article is brought to you by The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The Cupola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Complex Relationship between Jews and African Americans in the Context of the Civil Rights Movement Abstract The Civil Rights Movement occurred throughout a substantial portion of the twentieth century, dedicated to fighting for equal rights for African Americans through various forms of activism. The movement had a profound impact on a number of different communities in the United States and around the world as demonstrated by the continued international attention marked by recent iterations of the Black Lives Matter and ‘Never Again’ movements. One community that had a complex reaction to the movement, played a major role within it, and was impacted by it was the American Jewish community. The African American community and the Jewish community were bonded by a similar exclusion from mainstream American society and a historic empathetic connection that would carry on into the mid-20th century; however, beginning in the late 1960s, the partnership between the groups eventually faced challenges and began to dissolve, only to resurface again in the twenty-first century.