Index
A appearance APQ triplet A averages Arago Point aberration arclet , , –annual arcs , –constant area measurement –diurnal area number , –ofstarlight –Beck absolute magnitude armillary sphere Absorption Av ASCOM achromat ASCOM driver active galaxy , , , Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers active nuclei , active solar regions asteroid , activity center , –absolutemagnitude –development – asteroid family activity cycle –lightcurve activity herd –oppositioneffect adaptive Laplace filtering , –phasefunction afocal – polarimetry air mass –spectroscopy Airy disk –visualbrightness albedo Asteroid Belt Alt-Azimuthal asteroid profile amateur asteroid-like appearance –astronomer asteroid-like comet –observer astigmatism – working group astrometric data reduction amateur–professional partnership , astrometry of asteroids American Association of Variable Star Observers astronomical education , , –hands-onastronomy –SolarDivision – in the classroom Andromeda Nebula –planetarium () Annefrank , – public observatory annular eclipse , , , – science museum annular/total eclipse – societies and organizations anti-tail , astronomical research antireflection coating astronomical societies aperture photometry Astronomical Society of the Pacific aperture stop astronomy aphelion astronomy day () APL , astronomy olympiad apochromat astronomy vacation , Apollo astrophotography Apollo shock asymptotic (or second) giant branch (AGB) apparition light curve atmosphere of the Earth Index atmospheres of asteroids binoculars atmospheric dispersion bipolar Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector BL-Lac atmospheric optics BL-Lac object atmospheric turbulence black body aurora , black drop , – auroral oval black drop effect – observability black filters – photographic observations black hole autoguiding blaze grating automatic control blindness automatic gain control (AGC) block filter autumnal equinox blue loop averted vision BNC jack , –visualobservation P/Boethin azimuth bolides bolometric correction B bolometric magnitude Boltzmann equation Babinet Point P/Borrelly baffles P/Borrelly , Baily’s beads , – () Braille ball bearing Brewster Point Balmer lines , , brightness Balmer series , , brightness characteristic , Balmer spectral line brightness curve band drive brightness distribution Barlow lens brightness outbursts Be stars British Astronomical Association bearing brown dwarfs Bernhard Schmidt butterfly diagram , Big Bang binary stars C –catalogue – close binary C/ O Hale–Bopp , – contact system C/ B Hyakutake – eclipsing binary , , Ca II K line – eclipsing variable calcium II – ellipsoidal stars calibration – ellipsoidal variable –bias – high-mass X-ray binary –flat-field –history –fluxstandard – low-mass X-ray binary –intensity – orbit , – wavelength – orbital element camera –over-contactsystem carrington rotation –radialvelocity Carte du Ciel – reflection variable cassegrain – RS Canum Venaticorum stars Cassini , – RS Canum Venaticorum system cataclysmic variable – semidetached system catadioptric system –spectroscopicbinary catoptric system –structure CCD (charge–coupled device) , , , – Thiele-Innes element , – visual binary , , CCD camera , , Index
CCTV –astrometry celestial – coma appearance –equator , – coma photometry – poles –cometformation –sphere – comet reservoir Centaurs objects , –cometsplitting center line , – comet-like object central bulge – cometary coma central flash – cometary tails central meridian – composition () Ceres –, , –discovery Charge-coupled devices – dust production Cheshire –dusttails , Cheshire “eyepiece” – dynamical classes () Chiron – ephemerides chromatic aberration –findingcharts chromatic error –interior chromosphere , , , , –iontails chromospheric activity – naming convention chromospheric network –neutralgastail chromospheric phenomena – nucleus P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko , – nucleus size circumpolar , –numberingscheme circumstellar (CS) material – optical characterization classical disk objects – orbit determination classification –orbitpredictions – of galaxies –organiccompounds –scheme – peculiar comet –system – polarimetry classification values –rotation clouds , – rotation light curves cluster of galaxies , –searches CMOS – space missions Coaxial cable –spectroscopy coded-angle encoder – sublimation collimating , – surface morphology collimation –visualbrightness collimation tools comet brightness collision family , comet splitting events –Eosfamily cometary nuclei –Flora cometary orbit – Koronis Committee of Space Research –Themis condensation degree color index contact , color slide film – second , , color-magnitude diagram – third , , coma , contacttime ,,,,,,, coma activity , coma brightness CONTOUR comatic error cool stellar wind Comet –coolwind comet ,,,,, coordinate , , , –, –activity –altitudeabovesealevel –Afρ – converter/calculator –albedo – ecliptic Index
– galactic , differential refraction – geographic latitude differential rotation , – geographic longitude diffraction , – horizontal diffraction grating Copernican system diffuse reflection , core collapse digital camera , corona , , , , – digital multimeter – K-corona digital position display – L-corona digital SLRs – photospheric light dioptric system coronal mass ejections direct marking technique coronograph direct-vision prism cosmic cycle disconnection events cosmic radiation dispersion –, cosmology distance indicator Coudé focus distortion , counterglow Dobson, J. crater time Dobsonian CS shell Doppler effect , , Cubewanos , dormant Cusp extension , Dorpat refractor cylindrical projection dry plate DSLRs D dust coma –gascoma D/ F Shoemaker–Levy , dust striae Dactyl , dust tail , , damage dwarf galaxies –eye dwarf planet Danjon scale , dark halo E dark matter , dark-sky Earth – daughter species – apparent horizon Dawes criterion – atmosphere Dawes formula –equator ,, Dawn mission , –equatorialplane day – Greenwich , –mean – horizon , , – mean solar –latitude , – sidereal –longitude declination – meridian –axis –nadir – circle – poles deep sky , – reference ellipsoid DEEPIMPACT , – true horizon DEEPSPACE , , –zenith , degree circle – zero meridian density-wave theory Earth’s shadow ,, , , , detached disk of KBOs , detector –color , dewcap –enlargement , dial –penumbral diameters of galaxies – penumbral shadow diamond ring , –umbral ,, Index
Ebert mounting –kneemounting eclipse , , , – Springfield mounting –annular , equinoxial dial –brightness equivalent width –color () Eris –eyeglasses () Eros – –greatest error – lunar , , , , , –random –magnitude – systematic –partial eruptive variable –partialsolar , European Radio Astronomy Club –penumbrallunar , European Southern Observatory (ESO) – solar , – , –total European Space Agency –totallunar , evolution –totalsolar – Asteroid belt – totality ,,,,, –Kuiperbelt eclipse eyeglasses , excitation , eclipse magnitude , exit pupil eclipse wind exoplanets eclipsing binary , , exposure time , – β-Lyrae-type extinct comet –Algol-type extinction , , –lightcurve extinction coefficient – light curve analysis extinction E(B–V) – light curve synthesis extinction E(B–V) and absorption (Av) – W Ursae Majoris stars extragalactic object , –WUrsaeMajoris-type extrasolar planet eclipsing variable eye – classification eye damage ecliptic , , eye relief –latitude eye Safety –longitude eyepiece ED glass –designtype Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt –filter effective temperature , –micrometer egress –, , –projection electromagnetic spectrum electronic camera F elliptical – galaxy F-corona –system f-spot ellipticity Fabry–Pérot interferometer () Elst–Pizarro facula activity P/Elst–Pizarro faculae , P/Encke – area-shaped energy equipartition – chromospheric energy source – latitude distribution English mounting – lifetime entrance pupil – photospheric , ephemerides , – point-shaped equatorial mount – polar , equatorial mounting faculae areas – folly mounting fans , –horseshoemounting fiber Index
field –“halo” –curvature –latitude –ofview , –longitude –stop – plane , filament galaxy , filar micrometer , GALILEO , , , – measuring procedure Gamma ray bursts filter ,,, gas nebulae – Hydrogen-alpha gas tail –Moon () Gaspra , filter foil , , Gauss finder scope Gegenschein finding General Catalogue of Variable Stars , , –asteroid fireball geocentric system first point of Aries geometrical foreshortening FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) geostationary orbit , Fitswork geostationary satellite , , – flare , geosynchronous orbit flash German mounting flash spectrum , , P/Giacobini–Zinner flattening GIOTTO , fluorescence , Giotto (software) , focal Gleissberg cycle –image globular clusters (GC) – length , , , gnomon –ratio GoTo , – ratio degradation GoTo mounting focal diaphragm GPS device , focus , , GPS receiver , –focusing , GPUSB folded refractor granulation forbidden line grating formation – blaze grating – Asteroid belt – diffraction grating –Kuiperbelt – echelle grating foundation – equation , four-element eyepiece – reflection grating –orthoscopic – replica – Plössl gravitational perturbation – Superplössls Gray Veil fragment grazing occultation , Fraunhofer lines Great Red Spot Fraunhofer-type greatest eclipse free aperture Gregory telescope frequency P/Grigg–Skjellerup Fresnel diffraction group work friction bearing guide scope friction wheel drive guide telescope guiding , , G guiding system galactic H –“bulge” –center Hα filter , Index
Hα nebulae ICE half-apochromat ices P/Halley , , –KBOs halo () Ida , Hα line illuminance Hα number , image field P/Hartley image motion Harvard classification imaging errors Harvard classification scheme inclination , , , Harvard system incremental encoder Hayabusa mission – individual stiffness He-burning ingress , , –, heliocentric inner bright ring –correction interacting and peculiar galaxy –system interferometric test –time intergalactic gas heliographic coordinate system International Astronomical Union heliographic coordinates International Comets Quarterly heliographic latitude International Jupiter/Saturn Voyager Telescope heliographic longitude Observations Program heliographic positions International Occultation Timing Association helioscope heliosynchronous orbit International Planetary Patrol Program Herbig–Haro (HH) object International Year of Astronomy Herschelian telescope Internet Hertzsprung–Russell diagram , , , –chatrooms , –Internetportals –HRdiagram – mailing lists –HRD –newsgroups high flexural stiffness interplanetary dust , high-mass X-ray binary – β-meteoroid high-speed computer – circumsolar dust ring highly elliptical orbit – source of HII region – space density Hilda –totalmass () Hisako interstellar historical investigation –absorption historical report –absorptionAV history of astronomy –dust , Holmberg radius –matter , horizontal branch (HB) , – medium (ISM) , horizontal dial interstellar comet , hot bubble Io hot wind – emission cone hour angle , , –fluxtube hour circle –plasmatorus Hubble classification ion tail – Hubble classification scheme ionization Hubble parameter IRIS , Huygens irregular system – two-element eyepiece ISS ,,,, hydrogen burning () Itokawa –
I J
IAU Circular Jansky, Karl Index
Jeans criterion largest digression jet Larson–Sekanina method jets , laser collimator , Johnson filter law of gravitation Johnson filter system law of the propagation of errors –UBVRIJohnsonfilter laws of radiation Julian date level north technology Jupiter Levy, D.H. – atmospheric phenomena libration – burst emission light bridges , – codes for observed features – classification –colorfilter light pollution –digitalcamera limb darkening , –filarmicrometer limiting magnitude – global map LINEAR , –magnetosphere LINER galaxies – nomenclature Littrow mounting – oblateness local group –photography Lomonossow effect – photometry LONEOS , –plasmatorus long-period comet –radiosource ff. lost comet –rings low Earth orbit , –rotation low noise converter (LNC) ff. – satellite low-mass X-ray binary – space missions Lowell Observatory – synchroton emission LRGB , – thermal emission luminance – timing of transit luminosity – visibility luminosity class , –visualobservations luminous flux Jupiter family of comets , , , Luna Incognita lunar diameter K lunar eclipse , , , , lunar limb , , , K-corona lunar limb profile , K-correction lunar map KBO lunar observation –orbit Lunar Orbiter map Kellner lunar profile , Kepler’s three Laws Lundberg–Stribeck formula keyhole viewing () Lutetia Kiepenheuer scale LX , Kirkwood gap Lyman series Kirkwood Gaps –Hecubagap M –Hestiagap () Kron Magellan Kuiper Belt , magnetic cycle Kuiper Belt object magnetic energy Kutter magnetic field , magnetic fields L magnetic storm magnetosphere , landscape features magnification large Magellanic cloud magnitude Index
–absolute –bolide – apparent , –frequency – difference – luminous phenomenon – photographic –observing – stellar –orbit –visual –periodicshowers Main Belt – spatial path main belt comets , – television monitors main sequence (MS) , , –velocity Maksutov systems –videocameras Maksutov–Cassegrain Microlensing many-body problem microquasar Mare Frigoris microwave background Mare Orientale Milky Way , , Mariner Mills Cross Mariner Minor Planet Center , Mariner mirroring reflection Mariner models of stars Mars molecule – clouds Molniya orbit –darkregions Moon –micrometer –ashenlight –moons – bright ray system –photography –colongitude – photometry – color measurement –preparingamap –coordinategrid –rotationaxis –darkside – rotation period –diameter – seasons –drawingsatthetelescope –visualobservation – height of a lunar formation Mars and Neptune Trojans –libration Mars Express – linear formation Mars filter –luminescence , Martian canal –lunargrid mass distribution – lunar nomenclature mass function –map mass-loss –maria mass-luminosity ratio – measurement of shadows mass-luminosity relation –mountainchain mathematical methods – observational tasks () Mathilde , – phase McIntosh classification , –photography mean error , , – photometric measurement medium Earth orbits – photometric phase curve meniscus lens – polarization measurement Mercury –ringstructure Mercury transit , – selenographic coordinates merger tree – space mission meridian , – system of rills mesopause – telescopic measurement Messenger –terminator meteor shower – terrae meteoroid –topography meteors , , ,, , , – unusual formations –acousticdata – visual photometry Index
Moon’s shadow ,, , obliquity –path observing –penumbra –asteroid –umbra –KBOs moonblinks observing conditions Moore, P. observing networks mosaics observing stars multielement eyepiece occultation , –, , , –Erfle –bycomet –König –byMoon – by planet N –byplanetoid – candidates naming convention – contact time –asteroid –duration , –KBO – egress , , – narrow-band filter – grazing , , , , NASA – ingress , , – Nasmyth focus –observation National Optical Astronomy Observatory – prediction table National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) –time , occultation by asteroid , , near-Earth objects (NEOs) occultation by the Moon Near-Shoemaker mission – occultation duration neck-line occultation of stars , , , Neptune occultation prediction –GreatDarkSpot occultation time –moons Oceanus Procellarum –observation off-axis guiding – photometric monitoring Oort Cloud –ringsystem Oort Cloud comets – rotation period opacity – visibility open cluster , – neutral gas tail operational payload New Horizons mission – optical characterization Newtonian reflector –asteroid night sky brightness –lightcurve noctilucent clouds – polarimetry –visualobservations –spectroscopy nocturnal brightness –visualbrightness non-gravitational forces optical double stars non-gravitational perturbation orbit normal magnification –asteroid normal spiral – geostationary novae , – geosynchronous nucleus – heliosynchronous numerical filtering method – low Earth , nutation , Nyquist theorem –mediumEarth –Molniya O –polar orbit perturbation OAG – gravitational (O–C) diagram – non-gravitational objective filter orbital elements oblique mirror telescope order , , Index orientation of the solar image physical properties orthographic projection –binary outer bright ring –evolved overmagnification –KBOs – primitive objects P –surfacetaxonomy p-spot physical property P/ J Shoemaker –asteroid P averages pinhole projector Pan-STARRS Pioneer parabolic Pioneer parallax Pioneer , –annual pixel –diurnal plages parallel port autoguider Planck’s law parent molecules planet , partial lunar eclipse –astronomyeducation partial solar eclipse – atmospheric condition peculiar galaxies – CCD camera penumbra , ,, – long-term monitoring penumbral lunar eclipse , –magnification penumbral shadow , – observational project perihelion – orientation period-luminosity relation – photometry Periodic comet – position measurement Perseid stream – visibility perturbation , planet orbit crosser Petzval objective –Amorgroup phase angle , – Apollo group photodiode –Atengroup photographic emulsion planetarium program photography planetarium software photoionization planetary motions photometer , , planetary nebulae (PN) , –infrared planetary observation –photodiode planetesimals – photoelectric planetoid photometry , plasma tail , – absolute Platonic year – differential Plutinos –ofcomets Pluto – of major planets –observation – of meteors – visibility – of occultations () Pluto , –oftheMoon Pluto-Charon , –oftheSun Pogson’s method – of variable stars point spread function , –point polar – solar system – alignment – stellar –axis –surface –dial photomultiplier tube polar caps photon flux polar mesospheric Photoshop polar orbit photosphere polarization of sky light Index pole star , R polynomial fit population I radial renormalization population II radial velocity Porro radiant Porter, R.W. radiated power position radiation flux – apparent radiation pressure –mean radio position angle – astronomy , position angle P – galaxy , position grid – sky position measurement –spectra Poynting–Robertson effect –stars pre-flare phase –wave pre-selector , –window precession , radio emission – general – -cm line –lunisolar –Jupiter – planetary –mechanism ff. prime vertical , –mechanisms ff. principle of least squares –Milkyway prism – Moon , –objectiveprism , – star forming region projection (observations methods) , , –Sun ff. , , , , – Supernova remnants , prominence ,,,,, -cm radio line –active radioactive heating –attachment rainbow – classification Rayleigh criterion –eyepiece Rayleigh’s law –quiescent RC system – telescope red (or first) giant branch (RGB) , –viewer Red Planet prominence activity reduction factor prominence number reference ellipsoid prominence type reference star – proper motion , reflection nebulae , proplyds refraction , , protoplanetary nebulae Registax PST residual error pulsar residuals pulsating stars resolving power , –Hertzsprung–Russelldiagram resonant –instabilitystrip –Hildagroup – non-radially , resonant orbit – period-luminosity relation –Trojans – pulsating variable RGB – radially right ascension , , Purkinje phenomenon rigidity Ritchey–Chrétien Q Roche equipotential surfaces Ronchi test quantum efficiency ROSETTA , quasar , , Ross Index rotation P/Schwassmann–Wachmann , , rotation curves of galaxies , , Rowland circle scintillation rubble pile search Rydberg formula –asteroid Search for Extraterrestial Intelligence S (SETI) seeing , safety –disk – eye (solar eclipse) – scale SAKIGAKE seeing scale saros period Seidel theory Satellite dish self-propagating star formation – as part of a radio telescope servo motor – mounted on optical telescope SETI League Satellite finder , ff. setting circles –gaincontrol – adjustment of the circles satellite flash – Kolbow method satellite track , Seyfert satellite tracking – galaxy , satellites ,,,, shadow band , – brightness , , shadow path –, , , – geostationary ,, shaft – Iridium , sharpness – light variation shells , – operational payload shooting stars – reflection short-period comet , –rotation shortwave receiver , – space debris – antenna ff. – track –, , – automatic gain control – visibility –sensitivity Saturn single-lens reflex camera – apparent brightness site selection , – Cassini’s division sketching –Encke’sdivision sky align –filarmicrometer sky background – global map Slevogt –GreatWhiteSpot SNR (SN remnant) –photography sodium tail – photometry SOHO –ringsystem SOHO comet –rotationsystem solar activity – satellite solar atmosphere – visibility solar crescent , –visualobservation solar diameter scanner solar eclipse , –, , , scattered disk objects , scattering solar eyepiece scattering of light , solar flare Schaer refractor solar observation Scheiner method solar photography Schiefspiegler , solar rotation Schmidt camera , solar system Schmidt system solar wind Schmidt–Cassegrain Sonnefeld four-lens Index space debris SUISEI space mission sum of the squares –asteroid Sun ,,,,, – Kuiper Belt Object – fictitious mean space program –true , Spaceguard Foundation sun dogs SPACEWATCH sun filter Spacewatch – black filters spectral types Sun projection spectrograph –pinholeprojector – fiber-coupled spectrograph – projecting telescope – slit spectrograph Sun’s limb – slitless spectral instruments sun-grazing – spectral equipment with a slit sun-grazing comet spectroheliograph sundial spectroscope –construction spectroscopic binary , –style spectrum –substyles spherical aberration , sunspot spicules –area spiral – classification – galaxy – lifetime –pattern sunspot cycle –structure sunspot group sprays –development Sputnik – lifetime stack , sunspot number stacking image –unaidedeye standard deviation , , supercluster standard time supernovae star atlas –absolutemagnitude star catalog , – class star field , –remnant star formation region (cSFR) , superpenumbra star parties , superwind star testing surface photometry STARDUST , , , surge , stars , , survey of supernovae Stefan–Boltzmann law Surveyor () Steins P/Swift–Tuttle stellar synchrotron radiation –colors synoptic map –mass – parallax T –population , –pulsation T Tauri stars –radiation tail appearances –radius tail rays step-estimate method tangential spindle drive Sternschnuppe tape recorder stiffness –cassette –ofparts Taylor triplet structure enhancement telescope , submission of results –drive subsatellite point –tourist Index telescopic observation umbra ,,, P/Tempel , umbral shadow , , –, P/Tempel Universe terrestrial atmosphere unsharp masking theory of relativity Uranus “thick” galactic disk –observation “thin” galactic disk –ring three-element eyepiece –rotation – Kellner uvby system –Ramsden tidal disintegration , V tidal limiting radius time , , variable stars , , , –equationof , – α Cygni stars –mean – α2 Canum Venaticorum stars –meanlocal – β Cephei stars – mean solar , – δ Cephei stars – sidereal , , – δ Scuti stars , –signal – γ Doradus stars –truesolar – BL Bootis stars time signal , , , , , , – BY Draconis stars Tisserand parameter , – cataclysmic variables , TNOs –catalogs total lunar eclipse ,, , , –cepheids –, –charts total solar eclipse , , –, , – classical novae , – classification , Trümpler –dwarfnovae , Trümpler classification – eclipsing tracking head – eclipsing variables trail method – ellipsoidal stars transits , – ellipsoidal variables – Mercury , – eruptive variables – Venus , –FKComaestars transneptunian objects –flarestars transparency scale –FUOrionisstars trigonometric parallax –helium-flashnovae Trojans – Herbig Ae-Be stars tropical year –history true diameter of the field of view – irregular variables true solar time –Ldwarfs tube construction – light curve – closed tube –microquasars – Serrurier struts –Mirastars , turbulence disk – nomenclature turbulence energy – nova-like objects twilight –novae two-body problem – OH/IR variables , two-color diagram – period behavior two-element eyepiece – photometry –pulsars U –pulsating – pulsating variables UBV system of Johnson , – PV Telescopii stars ULYSSES –RCoronaeBorealisstars Index
– rapidly pulsating hot subdwarfs visual observation , , –recurrentnovae – pupil diameter – reflection variables – sensitivity of the eye –rotating void – rotating variables Voyager , –RRLyraestars , Voyager , , – RS Canum Venaticorum stars – RS Canum Venaticorum system W – RV Tauri stars , – S Doradus stars Waldmeier class – semiregular variables Waldmeier classification – slowly pulsating B stars wavelength –supernovae , wavelet transformations –symbioticnovae WCS coordinates –TTauristars weather map –UVCetistars weather station , – variable Be stars Webcam – W Virginis stars Weber–Fechner law –Wolf-Rayetstars white light flare –X-ray white nights – X-rays variables Widmannstätten patterns –YYOrionisstars Wien’s displacement law , –ZZCetistars P/Wild VEGA P/Wild , VEGA Wilson effect velocity dispersion () Wilson–Harrington Venus P/Wilson–Harrington – atmosphere Wolf number –dichotomy –international –photography Wolf sunspot number –terminator Wolf–Rayet star , –transit worm wheel drive – visibility , Wright–Väisälä system –visualobservation Wynne corrector Venus Express Venus transit , X Vereinigung der Sternenfreunde Working Group on the Sun vernal equinox –, , , X–Y plotter , , vertical deviating dial vertical east–west dial Z () Vesta , , vibration , Zeiss-type AS – damping Zeiss-type E – flexural vibration zero meridian – random and systematic errors zero-magnification finder video ZHR video camera zodiacal light