DOCSLIB.ORG

M I N G and Swimming Behaviour of Bythotmphes Cedemtmemi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
M I N G and Swimming Behaviour of Bythotmphes Cedemtmemi Mingand swimming behaviour of Bythotmphes cedemtmemi Schoedler James Robert Muirhead A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirernents for the degree of Master of Science Graduate Department of Zoology University of Toronto O Copyright by James Robert Muirhead, 1999 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 ,cana, du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. NO Wdtingtm OnawaON KlAûN4 OPEawaON KIAM Canada Canada The autbor has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive Licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfonn, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/nIm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Feeding and swimming behaviour of Bythoîrephes cedersimemi Schoedler Master of Science, 1999 James Robert Muirhead Graduate Department of Zoology University of Toronto Abstract Predatory zooplankton detect prey with mechanoreception, visual cues or chemoreception. The objectives were to quantify swimming behaviour of Bytbnephes cederstroemi under the influence of prey, prey kairomones, and light and to mode1 Bythotrephes' encounter rate with prcy f?om Harp Lake. 1 used video capture and motion tracking to rneasure Bythrrephes swimming behaviour with Daphnia, Daphnia kairomnes and Polyphemus as prey. 1 also measured Bythotrephes' reaction distance to prey under different light levels. Bythoirephes swam fastest and in a more directeci fashion in the presence of light and prey than in treatments with Light or prey only. Also, Bythotrephes' reaction distance increased in higher light levels and thus is likely to use vision as a detection rnechanism Results fkom the encounter mode1 show that small, slow-moving prey faced the greatest risk fkom Byrhomephes. Acknowledgements 1 sincerely thank my supervisior, Dr. W. Gary Sprules, for his advice and support when 1 rnost needed it, and for his encouragement throughout. I also thank my CO-supervisor, Dr. Rob Baker, for helpful advice on animai behaviour. Special thanks go to Dr. Charles Rarncharan who provided me with the motion-tracking and analysis software he had personnaiiy written. Additional thanks go to Dr, Hank Vandcrploeg at the Great Lakes Environmental Research Labs in Ann Arbr, Michigan for the use of his video setup for critical stages of my experiments; Dr. Nom Yan and Bob Guard at the Ministry of Energy and the Environment (Dorset) for providing equipment and data on a moment's notice and Cristina Dumitru and Giliian Morgan for providing Bythutrephes abundance and diet preference data. Thanks also go to Sam Genova for his help with field collections of Bythotrephes. The easy-going, fnendly atmosphere and personal support in the lab would not be possible without the presence of Dr. Stuart Whipple (Uncle Stu) and Agnes Blukacz (Rzapka). Stuart: We taiked about issues arising from my thesis into the wee hours of the rnorning more often than 1 can remember. Agnes: 1 depended the rnost on Agnes while we were coliecting zooplankton fiom Harp Lake. I don't think either one of us is going to forget the trouble we went through to bring biick îive Bythotrephes. To Stuart and Agnes, 1 thank for completing experiments critical to my thesis; without their help I probably would not be able to finish. Findy, 1 thank my famiiy Keith, Ga& Jackie and Karen who were always in my thoughts while 1 was away working on my Master's; I dedicate my thesis to them iii Table of Contents Page Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii List of Tables v List of Figures vi List of Appendices vii Generai Introduction 1 Chapter 1 3 Inmductio n 4 Materials and Methods 7 Results 20 Discussion 30 References 38 Chapter 2 42 Introduction 43 Materials and Methods 45 Results 58 Discussion 76 References 83 General Discussion and Conclusions 86 References 88 Appendices 90 References 96 Page Table 1. Second-order mean vector r and swimming velocity 23 with bootstrapped standard emrs. Table 2. MANOVA summary tables for Daphnia kairomone and Light experiments. Table 3. Mean of bootstrapped Sb for second-order angles, eigenvalues of ma& T and probabilities. Table 1. Average prey swimming speeds. Table 2. Prey risk factor (percentage in Bythotrephes diet) of species and lifestages. Table 9. Interpretation of spherical distribution of directions based 94 on eigenvalues and eigenveçtors of matix T. Page Figure 1. Video setup Figure 2. Frequency histogram of swUnming behaviours 12 Figure 3. Second-order analysis of angles 18 Figure 4. Bythotrephes swïmming tracks under different treatrnents 21-22 Figure 5. Prey versus light interaction plot 27 Figure 1. Reaction distance Nming chamber 46 Figure 2. Rdonsphere for Byrhomphes 50 Figure 3. Circular distributions of Bythtrephes apparent reaction 59 distances under different light levels. Figure 4. Relationship between Light level and reaction distance 61 for a third instar Bythotrephes. Figure 5. Enco unter rate, to ta1 Bythotrephes-calanoid CO pepodid 62-64 encounters and prey risk. Figure 6. Average encounter rates for Byrhotrephes and associated 66-68 prey risk at 0-10 m depth over 24 hows. Figure 7. Encounter rate and prey risk wnsitivity responses to a 20% 70 change in surîàce Light levels. Figure 8. Encounter rate and prey risk sensitivity responses to a 20% 71 change in Byrhotrephes swimming velocit y. Figure 9. Encounter rate and prey risk sensitivity responses to a 20% 73 change in Dophnia swimming velocity. Figure 10. Mean number and standard error of encounters of cyclopoid 74 nauplii for a single third instar Bythotrephes. Figure 11. Mean number and standard emr of total cyclopoid naupüi 75 and Bythotrephes encounters. Page Appendix 1. Description of motion aacking program 90 Appendix 11. Circulat and spherical gcarnctry and analysis 91 Appendix III. Effect of sample rate on Bythoîrephes swimming 95 parame ters. vii General Introduction One of the rnost ofien asked and pressing questions about invading species is what are some of the fùnctional characteristics of the species that permit a successful invasion. From individual case studies and literature surveys, many ecologists have proposed that successful invading species typically have r-selected traits, high dispersal rates. high genetic variabity. phenotypic plasticity, and polyphagy (Lodge 1993; Johnson and Carlton 1996; Rejmanek and Richardson 19%). Although many successful invading species share cornmon traits, it is not possible to predict with certainty the invasive potencial of individual species in target comrnunities (Burke and Grime 19%). Predictive studies, according to Lodge (1993), require focused, quantitative studies on pYtrular invaders and comrnunity characteristics. Bythoîrephes cederstroerni Schoedler (Onychopoda, Cercopagidae) is a large-bodied carnivorous hshwater moplankter with an elongated caudal spine that invaded the Great Lakes in the early-1980's kom Lake Lagoda, CIS (Bur et aL 1986; Evans 1988; Sprules et aL 1990) and has since spread to several inland lakes (Hall and Yan 1997). Bythotrephes' invasion success can be partly attributed to adaptations such as the barbed caudal spine which provides some protection against gape-lunited small fish (Branstrator and Lehrnan 1996). fast pmhenogenic reproduction and the production of resting eggs which serves as a source for restockïng the population after the winter (Rivier 1998). Adaptations for a predatory lifestyle include a large, media1 compound eye, fast swimming, reduced carapace and dedicated thoracic limbs used in prey capture. Despite the interest shown in Bythotrephes as an invasive species. there has been litt le work on Bythotrep hes' predatory be haviour. Predatory zooplankton typicaily search for prey by detecting hydrornechanical signals produced by their prey's swimming (Kerfoot 1978; Rice 1988). In addition, iike the predatory zooplankton Mysis relicfa (Ramcharan and Sprules 1986), Leprodora kindrii (Wolken and Gallik 1965) and Polyphemus pediculus (Odselius and Niisson 1983), Bythoh-ephes' compound eye is likely able to form images, in Chapter 1,I examine how Bythotrephes detects prey by rneaswing changes in Bythotrephes swimming be haviour under various experimental conditions. By using vision, Bythotrephes is able to detect prey at a greater distance in the presence of visible light than by mec hanoreception or direct enco unter and thus increase its foraging efficiency. In Chapter 2,I measure the distance at whic h Bythotrephes reacts to prey under different light Ievels. 1 then model the encounter rate of Byrhotrephes with dflerent prey fÏom Harp Lake based on this reaction distance and swimming speeds fiom Chapter 1. B y incorporating a diunial light cycle and Lght attenuation in the water column into the model, 1 am able to identify spatial and temporal patterns of maximum risk faced by prey as well as qualify the relative rïsk among zooplankton species in Harp Lake. Predation pressures exened by invading species such
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spiny Water Flea Bythotrephes Longimanus Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Division/Phylum: Arthropoda the Spiny Water Flea Is Less Than One-Half Inch Long
    spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Division/Phylum: Arthropoda The spiny water flea is less than one-half inch long. Class: Branchiopoda This tiny crustacean has a long, sharp, barbed tail Order: Cladocera spine that often makes up more than 70 percent of the animal's length. Its head consists mainly of a Family: Cercopagididae large, single, black eye and a pair of jaws, or ILLINOIS STATUS mandibles. Four pairs of legs are present, the first pair longer than the others. A pair of swimming common, nonnative antennae are located behind the head. © Ted E. Snider BEHAVIORS The spiny water flea lives in Lake Michigan and possibly some inland lakes. It uses swimming antennae to move in the water. As it grows, it sheds the outer shell over its body, but not over its spine. The barbed tail spine makes it difficult for predators to swallow this organism, and, after attempting to eat it, they often spit it back out. The life span of the spiny water flea lasts several days to about two weeks. Adults are present in water bodies from late spring until fall. This crustacean may produce up to 10 offspring every two weeks. Most of the spring, summer and fall populations are comprised of females. These adult females produce unfertilized eggs that develop into female offspring which are adult identical to the mother. This cycle continues as long as the water temperature is not too hot or too cold ILLINOIS RANGE and food is plentiful. When the water temperature begins to cool in the fall, both males and females are produced, allowing sexual reproduction to occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Approach to Problem Identification and Monitoring of Aquatic Invasive Species Within the Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network Park Units
    U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Great Lakes Network Office Ashland, Wisconsin Strategic Approach to Problem Identification and Monitoring of Aquatic Invasive Species Within the Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network Park Units Prepared by Henry Quinlan, Mark Dryer, Gary Czypinski, Jonathan Pyatskowit, and Jessica Krajniak, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashland Fishery Resources Office Ashland, Wisconsin. Great Lakes Network Report GLKN/2007/08 September 2007 Errata Strategic Approach to Problem Identification and Monitoring of Aquatic Invasive Species Within the Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network Park Units Henry Quinlan, Mark Dryer, Gary Czypinski, Jonathan Pyatskowit, and Jessica Krajniak U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashland Fishery Resources Office 2800 lakeshore Drive East Ashland, Wisconsin 54806 Great Lakes Network Report GLKN/2007/08 Erratum: Curly-leaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) was not known to be present in Voyageurs National Park as of the completion date of the report (September 2007). Appendix 5a, page 91: Replace the table for Curly Leaf Pondweed with the following: Curly Leaf Pondweed 1 2 3 4 5 T 6 7 APIS 3 1 8 8 7 27 N N GRPO 3 1 8 8 7 27 N N ISRO 3 1 8 8 7 27 N N PIRO 0 1 8 8 7 24 N N SLBE 0 10 8 8 7 33 N Y INDU 0 10 8 8 7 33 N N SACN 0 10 8 8 7 33 N Y MISS 0 10 8 8 7 33 N Y VOYA 7 10 8 8 7 40 N N Appendix 5b, page 95: Replace the table for Voyageurs National Park with the following: Voyageurs National Park Evaluation Questions Species 1 2 3 4 5 T 6 7 Rusty Crayfish 10 8 9 9 8 44 N Y Zebra Mussel 7 7 10 9 10 43 N N Quagga Mussel 6 7 9 8 10 40 N N Eurasian Water Milfoil 10 7 8 8 7 40 N N Curly Leaf Pondweed 7 10 8 8 7 40 N N Strategic Approach to Problem Identification and Monitoring of Aquatic Invasive Species Within the Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network Park Units September 27, 2007 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Unraveling the Origin of Cladocera by Identifying Heterochrony in the Developmental Sequences of Branchiopoda Fritsch Et Al
    Unraveling the origin of Cladocera by identifying heterochrony in the developmental sequences of Branchiopoda Fritsch et al. Fritsch et al. Frontiers in Zoology 2013, 10:35 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/10/1/35 Fritsch et al. Frontiers in Zoology 2013, 10:35 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/10/1/35 RESEARCH Open Access Unraveling the origin of Cladocera by identifying heterochrony in the developmental sequences of Branchiopoda Martin Fritsch1*, Olaf RP Bininda-Emonds2 and Stefan Richter1 Abstract Introduction: One of the most interesting riddles within crustaceans is the origin of Cladocera (water fleas). Cladocerans are morphologically diverse and in terms of size and body segmentation differ considerably from other branchiopod taxa (Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata and Cyclestherida). In 1876, the famous zoologist Carl Claus proposed with regard to their origin that cladocerans might have evolved from a precociously maturing larva of a clam shrimp-like ancestor which was able to reproduce at this early stage of development. In order to shed light on this shift in organogenesis and to identify (potential) changes in the chronology of development (heterochrony), we investigated the external and internal development of the ctenopod Penilia avirostris and compared it to development in representatives of Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata and Cyclestherida. The development of the nervous system was investigated using immunohistochemical labeling and confocal microscopy. External morphological development was followed using a scanning electron microscope and confocal microscopy to detect the autofluorescence of the external cuticle. Results: In Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata and Spinicaudata development is indirect and a free-swimming nauplius hatches from resting eggs. In contrast, development in Cyclestherida and Cladocera, in which non-swimming embryo-like larvae hatch from subitaneous eggs (without a resting phase) is defined herein as pseudo-direct and differs considerably from that of the other groups.
    [Show full text]
  • ERSS-Fishhook Waterflea (Cercopagis Pengoi)
    Fishhook Waterflea (Cercopagis pengoi) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, February 2011 Revised, September 2017 Web Version, 11/30/2017 Photo: J. Liebig, NOAA GLERL. 1 Native Range and Nonindigenous Occurrences Native Range From Benson et al. (2017): “Black, Caspian, Azov, and Aral seas of Europe and Asia (Makarewicz et al. 2001)” Status in the United States From Benson et al. (2017): “Great Lakes Region Lake Ontario in 1998, Lake Erie in 2002 (Presque Isle), Lake Huron in 2002 (USEPA 2008), Lake Michigan in 1999 (Charlebois 2001), Finger Lakes et al. (Canandaiga, Cayuga, Keuka, Cross, Otisco, Owasco, and Seneca lakes) of New York. In the summer of 2001, C. pengoi was found in Muskegon Lake east of Lake Michigan (Therriault et al. 2002). A single specimen was collected from Lake Superior in 2003, but the species is not believed to be established there.” “Considered established in Lake Ontario, establishing itself quickly (similar to the invasion patterns in Europe) in the other Great Lakes (except L. Huron and Superior) and other inland lakes due to recreational boat traffic and other human activities (USEPA 2008).” 1 Means of Introduction into the United States From Benson et al. (2017): “Ballast water, boating” From Birnbaum (2011): “The colonization of North America by Cercopagis pengoi appears to be a secondary introduction from the Baltic Sea via ballast water (Cristescu et al. 2001).” Remarks From Benson et al. (2017): “According to the EPA's GARP model, C. pengoi, a free-swimming macroinvertebrate, would likely find suitable habitat throughout the Great Lakes region, except for the deeper waters of Lake Superior.
    [Show full text]
  • Spiny Water Flea US ARMY CORPS of ENGINEERS Building Strong®
    spiny water flea US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Building Strong® Common Name Spiny water flea Genus & Species Bythotrephes longimanus Family Cercopagididae Order Cladocera Class Branchiopoda Diagnosis: Bythotrephes longimanus is a cladoceran crustacean (water flea) recognizable with its straight tail spine averaging about 70% of its length. Adult individuals have three to four barbs on the spine while juveniles have only one pair. The animal has one large eye that is usually black or red. It also possesses a pair of swimming antennae and four pairs of legs, of which the first pair is used to catch prey. Mandibles are used for consumption of prey.The spiny water flea is similar to another introduced cladoceran of the same family, the fishhook waterflea Cercopagis pengoi, which has a more slender spine featuring a prominent loop-like hook at its end. Ecology: Reproduction The spiny water flea can reproduce quickly with upwards of ten offspring every two weeks. Since the crustacean is only active from late spring to fall, eggs may lie dormant for the winter and hatch when the body of water has warmed up. The eggs are resilient to weather conditions allowing the eggs to survive extremely cold conditions. Though the majority of the water flea's population is female, it is capable of asexual reproduction as well as sexual reproduction. Habitat & Distribution: The spiny water flea is native to northern Europe and Asia, and some parts of central Europe. However the water flea has spread in recent years to many areas throughout Europe including some ports and inland lakes outside its natural range.
    [Show full text]
  • ERSS-Spiny Waterflea (Bythotrephes Longimanus)
    Spiny Waterflea (Bythotrephes longimanus) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, February 2011 Revised, September 2014 and October 2016 Web Version, 11/29/2017 Photo: J. Liebig, NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory 1 Native Range, and Status in the United States Native Range From CABI (2016): “B. longimanus is native to the Baltic nations, Norway, northern Germany and the European Alps, covering Switzerland, Austria, Italy and southern Germany. It is also native to the British Isles and the Caucasus region, and is widespread in Russia.” Status in the United States From Liebig et al. (2016): “Bythotrephes is established in all of the Great Lakes and many inland lakes in the region. Densities are very low in Lake Ontario, low in southern Lake Michigan and offshore areas of Lake Superior, moderate to high in Lake Huron, and very high in the central basin of Lake Erie (Barbiero et al. 2001, Vanderploeg et al. 2002, Brown and Branstrator 2004).” 1 “Bythotrephes was first detected in December 1984 in Lake Huron (Bur et al. 1986), then Lake Ontario in September 1985 (Lange and Cap 1986), Lake Erie in October 1985 (Bur et al. 1986), Lake Michigan in September 1986 (Evans 1988), and Lake Superior in August 1987 (Cullis and Johnson 1988).” “Collected from Long Lake approximately 5 miles SW of Traverse City, Michigan (P. Marangelo, unpublished data). Established in Greenwood Lake and Flour Lake, Minnesota (D. Branstrator, pers. comm.). Collected in Allegheny Reservoir, New York (R. Hoskin, pers. comm.).” Means of Introductions in the United States From Liebig et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The External Morphology of the Onychopod
    Zoologica Scripta. Vol. 24. No. 1. pp. 61-90. 1W5 # Pergamon Elsevier Science Ltd © 1995 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 03<X)-?256W5 S°oO-i-<UK> 0300-3256(94)00021-2 The external morphology of the onychopod 'cladoceran' genus Bythotrephes (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Onychopoda, Cercopagididae), with notes on the morphology and phylogeny of the order Onychopoda JOEL W. MARTIN and CORA E. CASH-CLARK Accepted 26 September 1994 Martin, J. W. & Cash-Clark. C. E. 1995. The external morphology of the onychopod 'cladoceran" genus Bythotrephes (Crustacea. Branchiopoda, Onychopoda. Cercopagididae). with notes on the morphology and phylogeny of the order Onychopoda.—Zool. Scr. 24:bl-9i). The onychopod 'cladoceran' genus Bythotrephes Lcydig is reviewed and redescribed based on introduced material of the B. cederstroemi "form" from the Great Lakes of North America. Reviewed briefly are the systematic history, introduction into North America, and natural history of the genus. Using S.E.M. and light microscopy, we then illustrate a mixture of plcsiomorphic and (predominantly) derived features, most of which can be explained as modifications for predation. An emended generic diagnosis includes unique and previously poorly known characters that serve to distinguish Bythotrephes from the confamilial genus Cercopagis. such as a distinctly bilobed labrum. spinose anterior mandibular process, small (exopodal?) spines on the external face of thoracopods 1-3. and a gnathobasic process (proximal endite)
    [Show full text]
  • Fishhook Water Flea (Cercopagis Pengoi)
    State of Michigan’s Status and Strategy for Fishhook Waterflea Management Scope Invasive fishhook waterfleas (Cercopagis pengoi), native to the Black, Caspian, Azov, and Aral Seas of Europe and Asia, threaten the waters of the State of Michigan (Makarewicz et al. 2001). The goals of this document are to: • Summarize current level of understanding on the biology and ecology of fishhook waterfleas. • Summarize current management options for fishhook waterfleas in Michigan. • Identify possible future directions of fishhook waterfleas management in Michigan. Biology and Ecology I. Identification J. Liebig - NOAA GLERL The fishhook waterflea is a predatory crustacean of the order Cladocera: Onchypoda within the family Cercopagididae. Anglers in Lake Ontario first identified the fishhook waterflea in 1998, but they have since spread to Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and a number of inland lakes. It is the only species of the genus Cercopagis that has spread outside its native range in the Ponto-Caspian region (Gutkowska and Paturej 2010). A small trunk and long caudal process is highly characteristic of this species. Body length ranges from 1.2-2.3 mm in females and 1.1-2.1 mm in males. The fishhook waterflea has no abdominal segmentation or carapace and the head is comprised of a large eye and a second pair of large antennae. It has four pairs of thoracic legs, the first pair being 3-4 times longer than the rest. Another characteristic feature of C. pengoi is a toothed loop at the end of the caudal process that is 3-7 times longer than the body (Rivier 1998, Duriš et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropoda, Crustacea): Ihre Gene Und Ihre Evolution
    Branchiopoda und Astacida (Arthropoda, Crustacea): Ihre Gene und ihre Evolution DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades d o c t o r r e r u m n a t u r a l i u m (Dr. rer.nat.) im Fach Biologie eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Dipl.-Biol. Anke Braband geb. 15. 01. 1963 in Berlin Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Jürgen Mlynek Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Prof. Dr. Michael Linscheid Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Gerhard Scholtz 2. Prof. Dr. Arndt von Haeseler 3. Prof. Dr. Martin Schlegel eingereicht: 27. 10. 2003 Datum der Promotion: 12. 03. 2004 Molekulare Systematik, Branchiopoda, Astacida, 12S rRNA, EF-1 alpha, cox 1, Introns, ribosomale Sekundärstruktur Molecular systematics, Branchiopoda; Astacida, 12S rRNA, EF-1 alpha, cox 1, introns, secondary structure of 12S rRNA Abstract The phylogenetic relationships of the higher arthropod taxa are still of special interest. Especially the interrelationships of the different Crustacea taxa have long been debated. The focus of this investigation is to make a contribution to the phylogenies of two Crustacea taxa using molecular markers: The Phyllopoda which belong together with the Anostraca to the branchiopods, and of the Astacoidea, one of the two higher crayfish taxa (Astacida). The following molecular markers were used: 1) Phyllopoda: the 3rd domain of the mitochondrial encoded 12S rRNA taking into account informations of the secondary structure, the nuclear encoded proteingene EF-1 alpha and the positions of introns found in the coding region of EF-1 alpha. 2) Astacoidea: the 3rd domain of the 12S rRNA and the mitochondrial encoded proteingene cox1.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacés D'eau Douce De France Métropolitaine
    La Liste rouge des espèces menacées en France Crustacés d’eau douce de France métropolitaine La Liste rouge des espèces menacées en France Un quart des crustacés d’eau douce menacés en France métropolitaine après l’état des lieux réalisé sur les 576 espèces de crustacés d’eau douce de France métropolitaine, près de 28 % des espèces apparaissent menacées. Ce résultat est le fruit d’un travail de trois années D’conduit par le Comité français de l’UICN et le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle avec la contribution d’une vingtaine de spécialistes, dans le cadre de la Liste rouge des espèces menacées en France. Etat des lieux Les trois espèces d’écrevisses de métropole ont vu leurs effectifs s’effondrer suite à la dégradation des rivières par les aménagements et la propagation d’une maladie mortelle, la L’Écrevisse à pattes rouges (Astacus Astacus), classée “En danger” en France peste des écrevisses. Elles doivent également faire face à la métropolitaine © Marc Collas progression rapide d’écrevisses américaines introduites, qui répandent cette maladie et entrent en compétition avec elles. L’Ecrevisse à pattes blanches est ainsi classée “Vulnérable” en une source d’alimentation importante pour les poissons et métropole, l’Ecrevisse à pattes rouges “En danger” et l’Ecrevisse beaucoup d’entre eux contribuent à filtrer l’eau et à contrôler des torrents “En danger critique”. la prolifération des algues. En métropole, un quart des espèces présentes sont endémiques, ce qui signifie qu’on ne les trouve Les crustacés regroupent également des centaines d’espèces nulle part ailleurs dans le monde.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Anostraca
    • ^|uH National Research Conseil national B^r • Council Canada de rechercties Canada KiC CKiC Reprinted from Reimpression de la Canadian Revue Journal of canadienne Zoology de zooiogie A morphological comparison of the phyllopodous thoracic limbs of a leptostracan (Nebalia sp.) and a spinicaudate conchostracan {Leptestheria sp.), with comments on the use of Phyllopoda as a taxonomic category Joel W. Martin and Jennifer C. Cliristiansen Volume 73 • Number 12 • 1995 Pages 2283-2291 Canada 2283 A morphological comparison of tlie piiyllopodous tiioracic limbs of a leptostracan (Nebalia sp.) and a spinicaudate conchostracan {Leptestherta sp.), witii comments on tlie use of Phyllopoda as a taxonomic category Jo«l W. Martin and Jennifer C. Christiansen AlKtract: The fourth thoracic appendage of an adult female Nebalia sp. (class Malacostraca, order Leptostraca) is compared with that of an adult female Leptestheria sp. (class Branchiopoda, order Spinicaudata). Although these limbs are "phyllopodous" (flattened, leaflike) in both orders, they differ markedly in the size and arrangement of endites, type and number of setae, and function. Setal types found on the fourth thoracopod of Nebalia sp. are variations of a basic plumose or plumodentate seta, and the diversity of setal types is low. None of the setae is annulate, a distinction in setal formation. In contrast, on the fourth thoracopod of Leptestheria sp. there is a wide variety of setal types and stout spines, some of which have been reported from other "conchostracans" (orders Spinicaudata and Laevicaudata) but not from the thoracopods of any leptostracan. Nearly all of the setae are annulate. Thus, the single character (phyllopodous thoracic appendages) supposedly linking leptostracans and branchiopods in some classificatory schemes (e.g., the class Phyllopoda sensu Schram) has clearly arisen independently in these two taxa and in several other crustacean groups, and cannot be used as an indicator of phylogenetic affinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Water Resources Division Fort Collins, Colorado Assessment of Coastal Water Resources And Watershed Conditions at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2006/361 Cover photos: Upper left, Arch at Chapel Rock Upper right, AuSable Lighthouse Lower left, Chapel Creek Lower right, Legion Lake Bog Photographs by Kristen Keteles Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2006/361 Christine Mechenich Center for Watershed Science and Education College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin –Stevens Point Stevens Point, WI 54481 George J. Kraft Center for Watershed Science and Education College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin –Stevens Point Stevens Point, WI 54481 Stanley W. Szczytko Center for Watershed Science and Education College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin –Stevens Point Stevens Point, WI 54481 David J. Mechenich Center for Watershed Science and Education College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin –Stevens Point Stevens Point, WI 54481 This report was prepared under Task Order J238005086 of the Great Lakes Northern Forest Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (agreement H6000C02000). U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Water Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center 1201 Oak Ridge Dr. Fort Collins, CO 80525 The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the man- agement of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]