Notes and Queries STATE PAPERS there was no single religious The 2nd volume of the Calendar denomination behind Sabbat­ of State Papers . . . Domestic arianism in the area, but that series, James II (H.M. Stationery Quakers were in the lead in south Office, 1964) covers the period Durham. from January 1686 to May 1687. The volume records various war­ THE APOTHECARIES' COMPANY rants, petitions and accounts A history of the Worshipful Society concerning the imprisonment of of Apothecaries of London, vol. i, Friends and orders for their 1617-1815. Abstracted and ar­ release, the King "being pleased ranged from the manuscript to extend his favour to those of notes of Cecil Wall by H. Charles that persuasion." Among the Cameron. Revised, annotated, cases recorded is a petition from and edited by E. Ash worth Mary, Lady Rodes, of Barl- Underwood (Oxford University borough Hall for the release of Press, 1963, 555.) contains some her Quaker steward, and the brief mention of Dr. Fothergill, of petition from John Osgood, Wil­ William Cookworthy of Ply­ liam Ingram, George Whitehead mouth who broke the company's and Gilbert Latye on behalf of monopoly and supplied drugs to over 100 Bristol Quaker prisoners the naval hospital ship Rupert, (April 1686). 1755, and William Curtis (1746- 1799) founder of the Botanical REGISTERS magazine who for five years from '' Nonconformist registers,'' by 1772 served at the Physic Garden Edwin Welch, an article in the at Chelsea as Demonstrator of Journal of the Society of Archivists, Plants. vol. 2, no. 9 (April 1964), pp. 411- 417, includes an historical BIRMINGHAM FRIENDS account of the various registers The Victoria History continues compiled by bodies not in its measured way. A recent unity with the established church volume, Warwick, vol. 7 deals from the sixteenth to nineteenth with the City of Birmingham centuries. References to Friends' (1964), and contains (pp. 455-58) registers are backed by the three pages of lists of Friends' authority of William Charles meeting houses and adult schools, Braithwaite's Beginnings of and historical notes concerning Quakerism. them. In the general sphere this volume has considerable wider SUNDAY TRAVEL interest for Friends as the sec­ "The opposition to Sunday rail tions on economic and social and services in north-eastern England political and administrative 1834-1914," an article by David history take note of the contribu­ Brooke in The journal of trans­ tions of the Cadbury and Sturge port history, vol. 6, no. 2 (Nov. families to the development of pp- 95-109, notes that the city. 253 254 NOTES AND QUERIES CORNISH QUAKERS might well serve as a pattern for Mary Coate's Cornwall in the similar publications. Four great civil war and interregnum, illustrations from the National 1642-1660, reprinted in 1963 Buildings Record photographs (Truro, D. Bradford Barton Ltd.) show the exterior and interior of after thirty years, includes a solid the present meeting house (built well-documented six-page 1809, with additions in 1814). account of the rise and persecu­ This building replaced an original tion of Friends before the Stuart one built in 1673, just short of Restoration. twenty years after the first Friends came to the hamlet. BRISTOL QUAKER MERCHANTS A register of the members of the HANGLETON, Sx. Bristol Society of Merchant Sussex archcsological collections, Venturers appears in W. E. Min- vol. 101 (1963) includes the first chinton's "Politics and the port part of a paper on "Excavations of Bristol in the i8th century" at the deserted medieval village (Bristol Record Society, vol. 23, of Hangleton." In the course of 1963). It includes the names of the historical introduction, which members of the families of traces the development of the Harford (although Charles Har- settlement and its growth until ford was rejected as a member in the beginning of the 14th century 1711 "he being a professed and decline thereafter, reference Quaker"), Jones, Hort, Coys- is made to HorsfiekTs History and garne, Lloyd, Rogers, Champion, antiquities of Sussex, 1835, to Day, Graffin Prankard, William support the statement that ''In Reeve. 1724, five families are recorded as living in the parish of Hangleton, FENNY DRAYTON most of them Quakers." "Early nonconformity in Leices­ tershire/' an article by C. E. HELMSLEY AND BILSDALE, Welch in the Transactions of the YORKS. Leicestershire Archceological and Ten pages in a locally produced Historical Society, vol. 37, 1961-2, local history are devoted to the pp. 29-43, has notice of traces of rise and fall of the Quaker move­ nonconformity in the parish of ment. The meetings concerned Fenny Drayton which had a long were those of Helmsley (in the tradition of puritanism. The valley of the Rye in the North rector during George Fox's early Riding of Yorkshire) and Bils- years was Robert Mason, one dale (Laskill). The members of suspected of Presbyterian sym­ the Helmsley and Area Group of pathies, and he was succeeded in the Yorkshire Archaeological 1638 by Nathaniel Stephens—the Society have used the local Priest Stephens of Fox's Journal. documents (both Quaker and non-Quaker) and are to be FRENCHAY FRIENDS congratulated on producing a Dorothy Vinter has produced a fully documented local history of pamphlet history of The Friends' which the inhabitants can be Meeting House, Frenchay (1963, proud. (York, Stonegate Press, paper covers, 16 pages) which 1963). NOTES AND QUERIES 255 KENT FRIENDS places of worship which did not In the course of an article belong to the Church of England entitled "Dissenting churches in in every parish, as recorded in Kent before 1700," (Journal of letters from incumbents pre­ ecclesiastical history, vol. 14, no. 2, served in the Radnorshire Oct. 1963, 175-189) Dr. Geoffrey Quarter Sessions records at the Nuttall uses evidence from National Library of Wales. Quaker sources to fill in his The following items mention picture of the I7th century Quakers. nonconformist bodies in the Cascob. county. Records of the minis­ No meeting house. Two parish­ terial work of William Caton, ioners who were Quakers attend­ John Stubbs, Ambrose Rigge and ed a place of worship in the Luke Howard are mentioned, and parish of Llandegley. at one point Dr. Nuttall notes Llandegley. that First Publishers of Truth "One place of worship . . . which provides a record of two Congre­ belongs to the Quakers; the gational churches not otherwise number of that sect in our parish known. is eight persons . . ." QUAKERS IN NORWICH DIOCESE, 1669 SHROPSHIRE REGISTERS C. B. Jewson's "Return of "Aspects of the demographic conventicles in Norwich Diocese, situation in seventeen parishes in 1669—Lambeth MS. no. 639" Shropshire 1711-60. An exercise (Norfolk archeology, vol. 33, based on parish registers/1 by pp. 6-34, 1962) is accounted to S01vi Sogner, an article in include notices of 21 Quaker Population studies, November meetings, a quarter of the total 1963 (vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 126-146), number returned. Norfolk and is based on registers of Coalbrook- Suffolk did not necessarily dale (the parishes of Barrow, include that number of weekly Benthall, Broseley, Buildwas, Friends' meetings however, since Dawley, Kemberton, Leighton, some are specifically noted as Lilleshall, Madeley, Shifnal, being held at longer intervals. Stirchley, Sutton Maddock, Wil- The editor has used A. J. Edding- ley, Little Wenlock, Wellington, ton's First 50 years of Quakerism Wombridge, and Wrockwardine). in Norwich to good effect in his It is unfortunate that the author notes. found Quaker registers (PRO. Shropshire Monthly Meeting. No. 7°3> 7°5> 7°7) "so scanty, and RADNORSHIRE QUAKERS, 1829 the geographical location of the The National Library of Wales entries so dubious, that they have Journal, vol. 13, no. 2 (Winter been excluded/' The author 1963), pp. 204-208, includes a assumes that 84 baptisms(I), 2 note by G. Milwyn Griffiths, in marriages and 39 burials are from which he recites the returns the chosen district in 1711-60; made in answer to a resolution of the majority from Coalbrookdale the House of Commons of 19 June —75 baptisms and 35 burials in 1829 to compile the number of Madeley. 256 NOTES AND QUERIES YORK RETREAT CORK FRIENDS AND SOCIAL Three hundred years of psychiatry, WELFARE 1535-1860 a history presented in "Some chapters of Cork medical selected English texts, by Richard history/' by N. Marshall Cum­ Hunter and Ida MacAlpine mins (Cork University Press, (Oxford University Press, 1963), 1957), includes some references to includes (as well as the predict­ Friends. As early as 1836 the able Samuel Tuke) passages by temperance movement in the Francis Mercurius van Helmont city of Cork was headed by on shock treatment by ducking, Quaker William Martin "an Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania elderly and eccentric shopkeeper" Hospital, accounts of various but the work made little headway local asylums like Dr. Fox's at until Father Mathew took up the Bridlington, and the work of cause and founded the Cork doctors like James Cowles Total Abstinence Society. Prichard. A seven-page account There is some horrifying and extract from the Description evidence of conditions in and of the Retreat (1813) sets the around Cork during the Famine, work there in its background, and and in one quotation the death is gives reference for any who wish mentioned of Abraham Beale on to go further. 12 August, 1847. He died of a fever. "He was Secretary to the THE LINEN INDUSTRY Friends' Relief Committee in Cork and had travelled through­ The industrial archeology of out the county distributing relief County Down, by E. R. R. Green in money and food/ 1 (Belfast, H. M. Stationery Office, The name of Cooper Penrose 1963), deals with old linen sites, (married Elizabeth Dennis at mills of other sorts, windmills, Cork, 1763) appears as a vice- the Newry and the Lagan naviga­ president of the first committee tions, harbours and lighthouses of the Cork Fever Hospital, and railway stations. In this opened in 1802. handsome new departure into publication on a new subject, the author acknowledges the help he THE SCOTCH-IRISH has received from pedigrees of "A settlement of five families Quaker linen families from Col. from the North of Ireland gives J. R. H. Greeves, and a brief me more trouble than fifty of any glance at the contents of the book other people" so wrote James reveals a good many Quaker Logan, Secretary of Pennsyl­ names in this field. Calling for vania, and the turbulence of the particular mention are Joseph settlers who came out to the Nicholson's early spinning mill at American colonies in the i8th Bessbrook; the Banville mills of century from an impoverished the McClelland family, and the Ulster, has been recorded before. Clibborns (originally from Co. Professor James G. Ley burn of Westmeath); the Moyallon works Washington and Lee University (Richardsons, Christy, and has produced a readable and Wakefield); the Kiltonga bleach- satisfying social history covering works in Milecross Townland the three aspects of the develop­ (Bradshaw family). ment of this body of immigrants NOTES AND QUERIES 257 which made a large contribution mentions Quakers; as well as in the development of the Ameri­ attending to developments in can frontier and rugged frontier Pennsylvania he brings to notice philosophy—"The Scot in 1600," New England Friends' appeal to "The Scots in Ireland/ 1 and "The London Meeting for Sufferings, Scotch-Irish in America/' and the latter's advances to the Professor Leyburn notes that nonconformist leaders in the James Logan actually invited the capital to bring influence on their first group of his "brave" fellow- brethren in Massachusetts to ease countrymen to settle in Penn­ the legal restrictions on dissenters sylvania because he apprehended in the province in 1703. trouble from the Northern Indians. Logan later changed his QUAKER POETS views but the contribution of the Harold S. JANTZ: The first century Scotch-Irish to American life is of New England verse (New York, considerable, and as many as Russell & Russell, 1962, copy­ ten Presidents of the United right 1943) has the following States have been claimed as of notes: Scotch-Irish ancestry. (James G. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, Uni­ George Joy, mariner. A Quaker, versity of North Carolina Press, probably English. Innocency's 1962.) Complaint against Tyrannical Court Faction in Newengland. QUAKERS IN MASSACHUSETTS 10 lines, broadside, MHS, signed George Joy, Mariner, A sidelight on the persecution of 1677, protesting the persecu­ Friends is given in an article in tion of the Quakers in New "The William and Mary quarter­ England. The MHS broad­ ly, 0 3rd series, vol. 20, October side was, to judge from 1963. pp. 513-526, by George D. paper and type, obviously Langdon, jr., entitled "The fran­ printed in the late i8th or chise and political democracy in early igth century, though Plymouth Colony." The author Ford and other bibliograph­ notices that Plymouth never ers fail to mention this fact. admitted Quakers to citizenship, Apparently no contempor­ and disfranchised persons who aneous copy is known, displayed any sympathy for though one certainly existed, Friends, but in the i66os they for John Whiting, in his seem to have gained tacit permis­ Truth and Innocency Defend­ sion to live in the colony. ed (London, 1702), quoted extensively from the poem NEW ENGLAND FRIENDS "in a paper lately come to Carl Bridenbaugh's Mitre and my hands/1 a common way Sceptre: transatlantic faiths, ideas, at the time of referring to a personalities, and politics 1689- broadside. (p. 225) I775 (Oxford University Press, Edward Wharton ( -1677), a 1962) is largely concerned with Quaker Merchant of Salem, Mass, the gradual extension of the i. "Although our Bodyes here influence of the Church of in silent Earth do lie1' coup­ England in the American let, in his New England's colonies. In passing, the author Present Suffering under their

5A 258 NOTES AND QUERIES Cruel Neighbouring Indians Eliot had hoped, but merely to (London, 1675). Verses substitute "cramm'd"for "stuft" placed by him over the in the accepted text which graves of the Quakers appeared at the end of the executed and buried in century in the Globe Edition of Boston. his complete works. 2. "Beware, beware, and enter not!" verses affixed to the THE ELAM FAMILY meeting house in Salem, 2 lines quoted in the Magnalia, A Leeds doctoral dissertation vol. 2, p. 566; by "a noted (Ph.D., 1964) on "Leeds woollen Quaker there/' not certainly merchants, 1700-1830," by Rich­ but very possibly Wharton. ard George Wilson includes some (P- 274) notices on Friends in the borough. The author notes that "The TENNYSON ON JOHN BRIGHT Quakers in Leeds were a small, but influential group after 1770. T. G. Pinney's edition of the The Elams, Bensons, and after Essays of George Eliot (Routledge, 1800, the Peases were all promin­ 1963, 455.) reproduces George families. Pym of ent merchant Eliot's unfavourable review Nevins was an early large-scale Tennyson's Maud, and other merchant-manufacturer." In a poems which appeared in the biographical appendix Dr. Wilson Westminster Review for October deals with the family of Gervase 1855. In the course of the essay Elam (1679-1771) as follows: George Eliot accuses Tennyson of snobbishness, and continues: Elam, Gervaise (1679-1771). A "The gall presently overflows, prominent Quaker clothier. Four as gall is apt to do, without sons, all of them eventually any visible sequence of associa­ merchants in Leeds: tion, on Mr. Bright, who is de­ 1. John Elam (d. 1789). De­ nounced as: scribed as a tobacconist 1744. This broad-brimm'd hawker Through importing tobacco of holy things, from America began to export Whose ear is stuft with his cloth across the Atlantic. An cotton, and rings early pioneer of the American Even in dreams to the chink cloth trade, where the Elam of his pence. family made their fortune after In a second edition of 'Maud/ 1760. Retired from business we hope these lines will no some years before his death. longer appear on Tennyson's 2. Emmanuel Elam (d. 1796). page ..." Like his brother, concerned in A footnote recalls that Tennyson the American trade. Retired said later that he did not know from trade with upwards of at the time that Bright was a ^100,000. In 1795 purchased a Quaker and that the words were 5,500 acre estate near Malton written not "against Quakers but with his brother Samuel, and against peace-at-all-price men." Isaac Leatham, a fellow- However, the end of the Crimean Quaker and model farmer. His War did not cause Tennyson to will was fiercely contested for expunge the lines, as George over 20 years after his death. NOTES AND QUERIES 259 3. Samuel Elam (d. 1797). De­ William Grimshaw, 1708-1763, scribed as ''grocer" in 1750, but clergyman of Haworth in York­ became a merchant by 1770. shire and precursor of the evan­ In 1772 married daughter of gelical revival, has a short William Greenwood of Hatfield account of Grimshaw's relations She had a reputed fortune of with the Stanbury Quakers—a hamlet where Friends had all but Succeeded by his son Samuel died out but where in the middle (d. 1811) who joined his fellow- of the 18th century an annual Quaker merchant, William general meeting was held. Wil­ Thompson, to form a bank in liam Grimshaw suggested that Leeds around 1800. Purchased these meetings were occasions half the Roundhay estate in for riotous and unseemly 1800, but continued to live in behaviour by many who came Leeds. In dire financial difficul­ out of curiosity, which might be ties in 1810; died the following avoided if they were held more year. frequently. The author quotes 4. Joseph Elam. Merchant, de­ two letters from Grimshaw print­ clared bankrupt 1769. ed in the Proceedings of the This family concerned in Wesley Historical Society, vol. 10, exporting cloth, shipowning, pp. 206-207. (Epworth Press, land speculation and banking 1963, 45S.) between 1780-1810; quickly fell from prominence after J. J. GURNEY Samuel Elam's virtual bank­ James A. Rawley, professor of ruptcy in 1810. history in Sweet Briar College, contributes an article on " Joseph WILLIAM ERBURY John Gurney's mission to "Two roads to the Puritan America, 1837-1840" to The millennium : William Erbury and Mississippi Valley Historical Re­ Vavasor Powell," by Alfred view, vol. 49, no. 4 (March 1963), Cohen of Trenton State College, p. 653-674. The article is based an article in Church History, vol. largely on the manuscript letters 32, no. 3 (Sept. 1963), concerns and journal (deposited at Friends the development of William House Library); it was written Erbury in the last years of his and accepted for publication life advancing towards a position before the appearance of David later identified with that taken Swift's biography (reviewed in a up by Quakers. The author notes 1962 number of the Journal that Dorcas Erbury was with F.H.S., p. 82). Nayler in 1656. A comment by John F. Wilson JOHN BARTON HACK draws the conclusion that before John Barton Hack's Diary, now 1659 Friends did not dissociate in Archives, themselves from the state and provides some information con­ from politics. cerning Sir , the colonial judge, duellist and grad­ WILLIAM GRIMSHAW uate of Trinity College, Dublin, OF HAWORTH who slept on the sofa during the Frank Baker's biography of voyage on the Isabella, the ship 26o NOTES AND QUERIES which took the Hack family and 1840. Mill wrote: (vol. 14, p. 453) its belongings on the way to "The Testimony of the settle in Van Diemen's Land in Yearly Meeting I have read 1836. See page 60 of Sir John with great interest & though I Jeffcott, by R. M. Hague (Mel­ had read several similar docu­ bourne University Press, 1963). ments before I do not remem­ ber any in which the peculiari­ REUBEN HARVEY OF CORK ties of the Society in reference to the questions of Church A footnote to p. 297 of The Government &c. which agitate William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd the present day, are so series, vol. 21, no. 2 (April 1964), pointedly stated & so vigor­ in an article by Ernest J. Moyne, ously enforced." entitled: "The Reverend William Hazlitt: a friend of liberty in In a later letter to the same Ireland during the American recipient, dated from the India Revolution,'' mentions Reuben House, 6th May 1841 (vol. 14, Harvey, a Quaker merchant in p. 474), Mill answered a question Cork, an acquaintance of Hazlitt. about capital punishment, and Reuben Harvey worked on behalf said: of the American prisoners in dis­ "I do hold that society has tress in Ireland. The author men­ or rather that Man has a right tions that Washington wrote to to take away life when without Harvey, and the Congress passed doing so he cannot protect a resolution thanking him for his rights of his own as sacred as services. Reference is given to the the 'divine right to live/ But Journal of the Cork Historical dx I would confine the right of ArchcBological Society, 2nd series, inflicting death to cases in vol. 2, pp. 89-90 (1896). which it was certain that no other punishment or means of JOHN STUART MILL prevention would have the effect of protecting the inno­ The earlier letters of John Stuart cent against atrocious crimes, Mill, 1812-1848, edited by Fran­ & I very much doubt whether cis E. Mineka (volumes 12 & 13 any such cases exist." of the Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Routledge, 1964, At this time it seems Robert 126s. the set) includes letters Barclay Fox was writing an essay written to Robert Barclay Fox on the subject, but there is no and Robert Were Fox, together record of its publication. with notes from Caroline Fox's Diary. JOSEPH PRIESTLEY In a letter from Kensington, 4 'With respect to miscel­ 23rd December 1840, to Robert laneous reading, I was pretty Were Fox, Mill comments on the well supplied by means of a Testimony to the authority of library belonging to Mr. S Christ in his Church, and to the Alexander, a Quaker, to which spirituality of the Gospel Dispen­ I had the freest access. Here it sation; also, against some of the was that I was first acquainted corruptions of professing Christen­ with any person of that per­ dom, signed by George Stacey, suasion; and I must acknow­ clerk to London Yearly Meeting, ledge my obligation to many of NOTES AND QUERIES 26l them in every future stage of "The original Simon Stukeley my life. I have met with the was a quaker, who went to noblest instances of liberality Turkey with an intention of of sentiment, and the truest converting the Grand Turk: he generosity, among them." narrowly escaped decapitation, The above extract from Joseph by the interposition of the Priestley's Memoirs, appears in English ambassador. He was Ira V. Brown's edition of afterwards confined in an Selections from the writings of asylum, in answer to inquiries Joseph Priestley (Penna. State how he came there, he replied University Press, 1962). It refers —'I said the world was mad, to the period of Priestley's first and the world said I was mad; pastorate at Needham Market in and they out-voted me/ " Suffolk in the years 1755 to 1758. The tentative suggestion is made that Stukeley is a corrup­ CAPTAIN STEPHEN RICH tion of Buckley, one of the party Documents relating to the Civil who set out to visit the Grand War, 1642-1648, edited by J. R. Turk in 1658 (see Braithwaite, Powell and E. K. Timings (Navy Beginnings of Quakerism]. Records Society, vol. 105, 1963), include papers which record the service of Stephen Rich in VOLTAIRE command of the merchant ship Voltaire and the Gentleman's Rebecca, on the summer and Magazine, 1731-1868. An index winter guards during the years compiled by J. A. R. Seguin 1644 to 1645 on the Irish (New York, Ross Paxton, 1962), squadron (1646 summer, station­ lists the following references to ed at Chester). Quakers in the Gentleman's Maga­ zine: August 1733, pp. 424-425, "SIMON STUKELEY, QUAKER" 443-444; Feb. 1741, p. 112; "In Quest of a Quaker: a Note December 1768, pp. 556-558. In on Henry Savery's Nom de the 1733 issue is an announcement Plume,'9 by Cecil Hadgraft, ap­ of the publication of Voltaire's pears in Australian Literary Letters concerning the English Studies, vol. i, no. i, June 1963, nation (on Quakers and others). pp. 57-58. It attempts to trace The February 1741 issue carried the original source of the pen- an announcement of publication name adopted by Henry Savery, of Josiah Martin's Letter con­ the convict-author, 1791-1842, cerning the foregoing work by who wrote a series of thirty Voltaire. essays under the name of "Simon Interest in this subject contin­ Stukeley" during the time of his ued, for the December 1768 issue imprisonment, 1829. had a new English translation of The author has found the one of the letters, entitled "Vol­ following entry in West's History taire's account of the religion of of Tasmania, 1852: the Quakers."

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