China's Peripheral Relations
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Hong Kong SAR
China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC -
China International Studies Printer: Beijing BOHS Color Printing Co., Ltd
Advisors Tang Jiaxuan Li Zhaoxing Chairman Qi Zhenhong Deputy Chairmen Ruan Zongze Xu Jian Editor-in-Chief Ruan Zongze Executive Editors Jiang Zhida Wu Shaojie Senior Copy Editors William Jones Benjamin Green Members Shaun Breslin (UK) Dong Manyuan Guo Xiangang Liu Jiangyong Alexander Lukin (Russia) Qi Zhenhong Qin Yaqing Rong Ying Ruan Zongze Shi Ze Michael Swaine (US) Su Ge Wang Jisi Xing Guangcheng Xu Jian Yang Jiemian Yuan Jian Zhou Hong Patron: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC Sponsor: China Institute of International Studies Publisher: Editorial Department of China International Studies Printer: Beijing BOHS Color Printing Co., Ltd. The views expressed in this journal are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of CIIS or the institutions to which the authors are attached. We sincerely welcome and appreciate submissions from scholars and specialists. Please send submissions to [email protected]. Those who wish to subscribe to the journal are invited to call the subscription service on 010-85119538 or to send an email to [email protected]. For further information, please visit our website: www.ciis.org.cn/gyzz. Number 72 • September/October 2018 Contents 5 New Developments of US-Russia Relations and China’s Policy Choice Feng Yujun & Shang Yue Instead of achieving a restart, the US-Russia relationship has fallen to freezing point under the Trump administration. The bilateral structural conflicts, with profound historical logic and realistic roots, have expanded from geopolitics and strategic balance to domestic politics and values. For a long time to come, “limited opponents” will become the “new normal” of US-Russia relations. -
人文科学研究所 Zhang Zhenjiang.Indd
China’s Globalization and its Policies: Focusing on Sino-American Relations Zhang Zhenjiang* Many studies have been taken on globalization and its impacts on China’s politics, economy, security, society and foreign policy. Only a few scholars noticed what Chinese government perceives and defines the term of globalization.1) This paper provides a preliminary examination of what Chinese government says about globalization in the current discourse of Chinese leadership and tries to find some characteristics of globalization defined by Chinese government. The second part of the paper examines empirically Chinese government’s policy of globalization, which includes China’s participation in international institutions, its WTO access and implementation of related commitments in the first 5 year’s membership, and China’s role in the emerging East Asian regionalism. In each case, the author will focus on America’s policy as more as possible. Finally, the author will summarize his observations and make his tentative conclusion. Ⅰ.China’s Definition of Globalization The first use of the term of globalization in Chinese official language appears in then- Foreign Minister Qian Qichen’s speech in the United Nations General Assembly in 1996. He said that“ world economic globalization presents a rare opportunity to both developed and developing countries.”2) One year later, in September 1997, then-President Jiang *Professor at Jinan University, Institute of Southeast Asia Studies. 1)Thomas Moore,‘ China and Globalization,’ in Samuel S. Kim, ed., East Asia and Globalization (Lanham, Md.: Rowan and Littleaeld, 2000), pp.111-118; Thomas G. Moore,‘ Chinese Foreign Policy in the Age of Globalization’, in Yong Deng and Fei-Ling Wang, eds., China Rising: Power and Motivation in Chinese Foreign Policy, New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC., 2005, pp.121-158, p.123. -
Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation
Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation (April–June 2000) Abbreviations FE —British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broad- casts, Part 3: Asia Pacific FEW —Weekly Economic Report XHNA—Xinhua (New China) News Agency ZTS —Zhongguo tongxun she (China Reporting Agency), Hong Kong ZXS —Zhongguo xinwen she (China News Agency), Beijing RMRB —Renmin ribao (People’s Daily) 1. Internal developments (a) The 15th Session of the Ninth National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee (b) Party Affairs; Political and Ideological Developments (c) Economic Affairs (d) Miscellaneous (Education and Manpower; Minorities) (e) Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) 2. Foreign Relations (a) Diplomatic Tours (b) Countries, Territories and Regions (c) International Organizations 1. Internal Developments (a) The 15th Session of the Ninth NPC Standing Committee The 15th Session of the Ninth NPC Standing Committee took place in Beijing between 25 and 29 April. Delegates received a State Council report on progress towards China’s entry into the World Trade Organiza- tion (WTO), and examined five draft laws. Xinhua revealed that the ‘Draft Interpretation of Section Two of Article 93 of the Criminal Law’ was a source of controversy among delegates, who differed in their understanding of the reference to “other personnel performing official business according to law” in the legislation (FE/3829). In particular, it was argued that uncertainty about whether such personnel included personnel of villagers’ committees and other grassroots organizations had made it difficult to adjudicate on crimes committed by members of such committees and organizations. It was agreed that in order to remove such uncertainty, such persons would henceforth be classified as “personnel engaged in public service.” A propos the State Council report on developments affecting China’s impending admission to the WTO, Li Peng (Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee) noted that accession was essential in order to facilitate further economic reform and the establishment of a socialist market economy in China. -
Political Succession and Leadership Issues in China: Implications for U.S
Order Code RL30990 Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Political Succession and Leadership Issues in China: Implications for U.S. Policy Updated September 30, 2002 name redacted Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Political Succession and Leadership Issues in China: Implications for U.S. Policy Summary In 2002 and 2003, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) will be making key leadership changes within the government and the Communist Party. A number of current senior leaders, including Party Secretary Jiang Zemin, Premier Zhu Rongji, and National Peoples’ Congress Chairman Li Peng, are scheduled to be stepping down from their posts, and it is not yet clear who will be assuming these positions from among the younger generation of leaders – the so-called “fourth generation,” comprised of those born in the 1940s and early 1950s. It is expected that new leaders will be ascending to positions at the head of at least two and possibly all three of the PRC’s three vertical political structures: the Chinese Communist Party; the state government bureaucracy; and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). During a period likely to last into 2003, the succession process remains very much in flux. Some who follow Beijing politics have raised questions about how vigorously China’s current senior leaders will adhere to their self-imposed term limitations. Party Secretary Jiang Zemin, for instance, is expected to try to keep his position as head of China’s military on the grounds that the global anti-terrorism campaign and internal challenges to Chinese rule create a special need now for consistent leadership. -
The CCP Central Committee's Leading Small Groups Alice Miller
Miller, China Leadership Monitor, No. 26 The CCP Central Committee’s Leading Small Groups Alice Miller For several decades, the Chinese leadership has used informal bodies called “leading small groups” to advise the Party Politburo on policy and to coordinate implementation of policy decisions made by the Politburo and supervised by the Secretariat. Because these groups deal with sensitive leadership processes, PRC media refer to them very rarely, and almost never publicize lists of their members on a current basis. Even the limited accessible view of these groups and their evolution, however, offers insight into the structure of power and working relationships of the top Party leadership under Hu Jintao. A listing of the Central Committee “leading groups” (lingdao xiaozu 领导小组), or just “small groups” (xiaozu 小组), that are directly subordinate to the Party Secretariat and report to the Politburo and its Standing Committee and their members is appended to this article. First created in 1958, these groups are never incorporated into publicly available charts or explanations of Party institutions on a current basis. PRC media occasionally refer to them in the course of reporting on leadership policy processes, and they sometimes mention a leader’s membership in one of them. The only instance in the entire post-Mao era in which PRC media listed the current members of any of these groups was on 2003, when the PRC-controlled Hong Kong newspaper Wen Wei Po publicized a membership list of the Central Committee Taiwan Work Leading Small Group. (Wen Wei Po, 26 December 2003) This has meant that even basic insight into these groups’ current roles and their membership requires painstaking compilation of the occasional references to them in PRC media. -
Comparative Connections a Quarterly E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations
Comparative Connections A Quarterly E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations U.S.-China Relations: Dialogue Boosts Ties, Even Without Results Bonnie Glaser CSIS/Pacific Forum CSIS A gaggle of Cabinet secretaries, led by U.S. Treasury Secretary Paulson, traveled to Beijing in mid-December to launch the Strategic Economic Dialogue. No breakthroughs were achieved, but both sides had low expectations for near-term results and seemed pleased with the outcome. On the North Korea nuclear front it was all bad news, with Pyongyang testing a nuclear device in early October and no tangible progress achieved at the resumption of the fifth round of Six-Party Talks after a 13-month hiatus. A positive byproduct was that intensive consultations between Washington and Beijing boosted bilateral ties. The U.S. mid-term elections that resulted in the seizure of control over both the House and Senate by the Democratic Party generated some concern in China about increased pressure on trade and human rights. On balance, however, Beijing remained confident that China-U.S. relations would remain on a positive track. Military-to-military ties continued to develop with a three-day U.S. ship visit to Zhanjiang, China, joint military exercises between the U.S. Navy and Marines and their Chinese counterparts, and a visit to China by U.S. Pacific Fleet Commander Adm. Gary Roughead. The Strategic Economic Dialogue Amid growing criticism in the U.S. of the growing U.S.-China trade imbalance, the undervaluation of China’s currency, the lack of intellectual property protection in China, and restrictions on U.S. -
Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation
Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation (April–June 2002) Sources The principal sources of information on which this chronicle is based are British Broadcasting Corporation, Monitoring Global Newsline – Asia-Pacific Political and British Broadcasting Corporation, Monitoring Global Newsline – Asia-Pacific Economic. These sources are only available online and replace the former BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (SWB), which were previously available in hard copy. The current online versions no longer have reference numbers (as did each issue of SWB), and are only identifiable by date of publication of material. The inclusion of each of these dates would unnecessarily clutter the text and such dates have therefore been omitted, except for the original sources from which the BBC reports themselves are taken. Abbreviations XHNA —Xinhua (New China) News Agency CNA —Central News Agency (Taipei) ZTS —Zhongguo tongxun she (China Reporting Agency), Hong Kong ZXS —Zhongguo xinwen she (China News Agency), Beijing RMRB —Renmin ribao (People’s Daily) 1. Internal Developments (a) The 27th and 28th Session of the Ninth National People’s Con- gress (NPC) Standing Committee (b) Party and Political Affairs; Public Order (c) Economic Affairs (d) Military Affairs (e) Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) 2. Foreign Relations (a) Diplomatic Tours (b) Countries, Territories and Regions (c) International Meetings 1. Internal Developments (a) The 27th and 28th Session of the Ninth NPC Standing Committee The 27th session of the NPC Standing Committee was held in Beijing from 24 to 28 April. Legislation considered under the agenda included the revised draft Import and Export Commodities Inspection Law, the draft Cultural Relics Protection Law, the draft Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Promotion Law and the revised draft Water Law. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Regional Overview:………………………………………………………………………1 Regime Change / Preemption Vs. Disarmament / Multilateralism: The U.S. Foreign Policy Debate Continues by Ralph A. Cossa, Pacific Forum CSIS Concerns and complaints about Washington’s Iraq policy and its broader approach toward the war on terrorism, and speculation regarding North Korea’s diplomacy dominated East Asia security dialogue during the last quarter. This time last year, the world had rallied behind the U.S. in the wake of Sept. 11. Much of that support and goodwill has dissipated. The reasons vary and are complex but two words are central to any explanation: Iraq and preemption; the latter being put forth not only in the Iraqi context but as the basis of a new national security strategy. Their long-term impact on America’s East Asian relationships remains unclear; China-U.S. relations in particular could be challenged. Equally unclear is the impact of the DPRK’s recent “smile diplomacy,” which has seen an unprecedented effort by Pyongyang simultaneously to improve relations with Seoul, Tokyo, and Washington. Meanwhile, multilateralism seems to be thriving in East Asia, both with the U.S. and without. U.S.-Japan Relations:…………………………………………………………………..13 An Oasis of Stability by Brad Glosserman, Pacific Forum CSIS It has been another peaceful quarter for U.S.-Japan relations. That the bilateral relationship could be so calm despite the tumult in international diplomacy is testimony to the strength and stability of the alliance. Prime Minister Koizumi’s surprise visit to Pyongyang and the U.S.’s full court press to get the international community to take action against Iraq have provided ample opportunities for friction. -
Old and New Challenges: ASAT Test, Taiwan, and Trade -- Comparative Connections: Vol. 9 No. 1 -- April 2007
Comparative Connections A Quarterly E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations U.S.-China Relations: Old and New Challenges: ASAT Test, Taiwan, and Trade Bonnie Glaser CSIS/Pacific Forum CSIS China’s test of an anti-satellite weapon against a defunct Chinese weather satellite on Jan. 11 prompted concern and criticism that reverberated around the world. A U.S. decision to allow Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian to make a stopover in San Francisco and notification to Congress of a possible arms sale to Taiwan led to Chinese protests. A Private Property Law was passed at the National People’s Congress along with a Corporate Tax Law. U.S. officials credited China with making positive contributions toward strengthening the international system, notably in the Six-Party Talks, but urged China to do more. In a possible signal of toughening U.S. trade policy, the Commerce Department slapped duties on imports of coated paper, reversing a decades-old policy of not applying duties to subsidized goods from non-market economies. Sino-U.S. military ties advanced with the visit to the U.S. by Gen. Ge Zhenfeng, deputy chief of general staff of the People’s Liberation Army, and the visit to China by Gen. Peter Pace, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Anti-satellite test prompts concerns Without advance warning, a Chinese medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) armed with a direct-ascent kinetic kill vehicle destroyed an aging Chinese weather satellite on Jan. 11. Shortly after the apparent anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons test, the Bush administration sought an explanation from Beijing, but received none.