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Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Punjab Shivalik Studied Ant Species Richness at Selected Localities of Bangalore Halteres, 2009, 1

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Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Punjab Shivalik Studied Ant Species Richness at Selected Localities of Bangalore Halteres, 2009, 1 Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(2): 361-364 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Distribution and diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: JEZS 2016; 4(2): 361-364 © 2016 JEZS Formicidae) around Gautala Autramghat Received: 25-01-2016 Accepted: 26-02-2016 Sanctuary, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India BV Sonune Department of Zoology BV Sonune, RJ Chavan Moreshwar Arts, Science and Commerce College Bhokardan Abstract Tq. Bhokardan Dist. Jalna M.S. The study was carried out to investigate the diversity and distribution of ants in agriculture, grassland, India. forest and human habitats located around Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary Dist. Aurangabad during RJ Chavan February 2010 to January 2012. The ants were randomly collected from the study area, by all out search Department of Zoology Dr. method. A total 17 species of ants belonging to thirteen genera and six subfamilies such as Formicinae, Babasaheb Ambedkar Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae, Aenictinae and Pseudomyrmicinae were reported from four Marathwada University, different habitats of present study area. The subfamily Myrmicinae was found to be more diverse with 6 Aurangabad-431004 species, and then followed by Formicinae with 4 species, Pseudomyrmicinae with 3 species, Ponerinae with 6 species and Dolichoderinae & Aenictinae were found least diverse with only one species each. Members of Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae were reported from all habitats but members of subfamily Ponerinae, Aenictinae and Pseudomyrmicinae were only reported from grassland and forest habitats. A Genus Tetraponera is most diverse comprising three species then followed by Monomorium and Camponotus comprising two species each from the present study area were reported. A genus Tetraponera is most diverse with three species and is followed by Monomorium and Camponotus each with two species. The Shannon Weiner diversity index of forest and grassland habitat was found highest as compared to human and agricultural habitats. The genus Crematogaster was found to be most abundant. Keywords: Formicidae, Ants diversity and distribution, Gautala Autramghat sanctuary, Aurangabad. Introduction Ants are one of the ideal model organisms for measuring and monitoring biodiversity for many reasons. It is abundant and dominant in ecological systems as a predator and symbiotic for plants and other organisms. These are relatively easy to collect in a standardized way, reasonably diverse at the site, identifiable and so on (e.g. Wilson 1976b, Holldobler & Wilson [30, 17, 1] 1990, and Agosti et al. 2000) . Since most ant species are stationary and have a perennial nest with a restricted foraging range, these are also useful as indicators of environmental conditions (Chung & Maryati 1996, Peck et al. 1998, Wang et al. 2000; Hashimoto et al. 2001, Andersen et al. 2002, Longino et al. 2002) [13, 23, 29, 16, 4, 21]. Globally, there are about 12,571 extant ant species. As per the recent classification, all ants are grouped [10] into 21 subfamilies (Bolton 2003) . All the ant species fall into the single family Formicidae. This family is included in the super family Vespidae of the order Hymenoptera, which is placed in the class Insecta. The Myrmicinae is the largest subfamily of the Formicidae, with 138 genera, followed by Formicinae that have 39 genera and Ponerinae which have 25 genera. Ants in India, occupy a variety of habitats such as leaf litter, trees, soil and dead logs, while tramp species prefer human-modified habitats. Myrmicinae forms the bulk of Indian ant diversity (45%) with genera Pheidole and Crematogaster having the most species. The subfamily, Formicinae is the second largest ant group (25% of species), with genera Camponotus and Polyrhachis constituting the majority of the diversity. The subfamily Ponerinae contributes about 14% of species of which genera Leptogenys the most diverse [15] Correspondence Gunawardene et al., (2007) . In India, ant ecology and diversity was studied from some B V Sonune selected localities only. Gunawardene et al. (2007) published work on ants of the Western Department of Zoology Ghats – Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Kumar et al. (1997) [19]. Reported the ant fauna from Moreshwar Arts, Science and some areas of Bangalore City. Recently a list of 591 species of ants in India was released by Commerce College Bhokardan Bharti (2007) [7]. Tq. Bhokardan Dist. Jalna M.S. India. The objective of this study was to find out ant diversity and distribution among the four different habitats such as agriculture, grassland, forest, and human habitats around Gautala ~ 361 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies Autramghat Sanctuary. Till research on ant diversity has not were listed and each species was counted to calculate and been done in this area. This study will generate some valuable compared the composition, richness, and species diversity information about distribution and richness of ant species indices, among the four different habitat types. around Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary. Results Materials and Methods The study reveals that there are 17 species of ants belonging The ant samples were collected from various localities and 13 genera and six subfamilies. The species encountered in the around Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary in Aurangabad District study area include Crematogaster subnuda, Cataulacus latus, of Maharashtra India. Three ecological habitats, agriculture, Monomorium indicum, Monomorium scabriceps, Myrmicaria grassland forest and human habitat were chosen for sampling. brunnea, and Meranoplus bicolor belonging to subfamily We employed all out search method for the collection of ants Myrmicinae. Subfamily Formicinae was represented by form February 2010 to January 2012. Ants were hand species like Camponotus compressus, Oecophylla smaragdina, collected using a brush and forceps during day time from 8 am Paratrechina longicornis, Leptogenys diminuta and to 4 pm twice every month and preserved in 70 % alcohol at Pachycondyla sulcata, was representing subfamily Ponerinae. the Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Subfamily Pseudomyrmicinae was represented by species Marathwada University Aurangabad. Identification of ant Tetraponera allaborans, Tetraponera nigra, and Tetraponera species made with the help of stereozoom trinocular rufonigra. Whereas subfamily Aenictinae was presented by microscope, on the basis of taxonomic keys given by (Bolton, species Aenictus doryloides and subfamily Dolichoderinae by 1994) [9] (Holldobler, and Wilson, 1990 Mathew and R. N. species Tapinoma melanocephalum Shannon wiener diversity Tiwari, 2000 Sheela S.2008) [17, 22, 25] etc. With careful notes of indices 2.21 Agriculture site, 2.77 at grassland site, 2.76 at their locality, habitat and relative visual abundance, ant species forest and 2.14 at human habitat. Table 1: Subfamily, genus and species wise list of ants collected in and around Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary Subfamily Genus Species Aenictinae Aenictus Aenictus doryloides (Wilson, 1964) Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster subnuda (Mayr, 1879) Cataulacus Cataulacus latus (Forel, 1891) Monomorium Monomorium indicum (Forel, 1902) Monomorium Monomorium scabriceps (Mayr, 1879) Myrmicaria Myrmicaria brunnea (Saunders, 1842) Meranoplus Meranoplus bicolor (Guerin-Meneville, 1844) Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787) Camponotus Camponotus angusticollis (Jerdon, 1851) Oecophylla Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775) Paratrechina Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802) Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys diminuta (Smith, F, 1857) Pachycondyla Pachycondyla sulcata (Mayr, 1867) Pseudomyrmicinae Tetraponera Tetraponera allaborans (Walker, 1859) Tetraponera Tetraponera nigra (Jerdon, 1851) Tetraponera Tetraponera rufonigra (Jerdon, 1851) Dolichoderinae Tapinoma Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793) Table 2: Distribution of ants in four different habitats in and around Table: 3 Diversity Indices of ants along four different vegetation sites Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary, Aurangabad around Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary Subfamily/Taxa A G F H Diversity Indices A G F H Aenictinae SWI 2.21 2.77 2.78 2.14 Aenictus doryloides (Wilson, 1964) _ + + _ Richness 1.50 2.61 2.39 1.41 Myrmicinae Evenness 0.88 0.94 0.87 0.82 Crematogaster subnuda (Mayr, 1879) + + + + A: Agriculture G: Grassland F: Forest H: Human habitat Cataulacus latus (Forel, 1891) _ + + _ Monomorium indicum (Forel, 1902) + + + + In India first effort on study of ants was made by Bingham Monomorium scabriceps (Mayr, 1879) + + + + [8] Myrmicaria brunnea (Saunders, 1842) + + + + C.T. (1903) . In the form of the Fauna of British India Meranoplus bicolor (Guerin-Meneville, 1844) + + + _ including Ceylon and Burma. In India there are about 652 Formicinae species under 87genera and 12 subfamilies, Bharti Himender, Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787) + + + + (2011) [6]. In India the ant diversity was studied by many Camponotus angusticollis (Jerdon, 1851) + + + + workers such as Gadagkar et al., (1993) [14] Sunil Kumar et al., Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775) + + + + (1997) [26]. Chavhan et al., (2010) [11]. Ali (1991) [2]. And Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802) + + + + (1992). [3] In the present study, we reported 17 species of ants Ponerinae belonging to 13 genera representing six subfamilies namely Leptogenys diminuta (Smith, F, 1857) _ + + _ Aenictinae Myrmicinae, Formicinae, Ponerinae, Pachycondyla sulcata (Mayr, 1867) _ + + _ Pseudomyrmicinae Dolichoderinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. This result indicates Tetraponera
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