DOCSLIB.ORG

Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact 1, 2,3, , 2 4 Angela Giuliani y, Mariachiara Zuccarini * y, Angelo Cichelli , Haroon Khan and Marcella Reale 2,5,* 1 “G.d’Annunzio” School of Advanced Studies, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; [email protected] 3 Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, 66100 Chieti, Italy 4 Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; [email protected] 5 Interuniversity Center on Interactions between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems, National Research Council-Institute for Electromagnetic Detection of The Environment, (ICEMB-CNR-IREA), 80124 Naples, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (M.R.) Angela Giuliani and Mariachiara Zuccarini contributed equally to this work. y Received: 26 June 2020; Accepted: 3 August 2020; Published: 5 August 2020 Abstract: Phthalates are a huge class of chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial uses, from the manufacture of plastics to food contact applications, children’s toys, and medical devices. People and animals can be exposed through different routes (i.e., ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or iatrogenic exposure), as these compounds can be easily released from plastics to water, food, soil, air, making them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In the last decades, phthalates and their metabolites have proven to be of concern, particularly in products for pregnant women or children. Moreover, many authors reported high concentrations of phthalates in soft drinks, mineral waters, wine, oil, ready-to-eat meals, and other products, as a possible consequence of their accumulation along the food production chain and their accidental release from packaging materials. However, due to their different physical and chemical properties, phthalates do not have the same human and environmental impacts and their association to several human diseases is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of phthalate toxicity, pointing out the health and legal issues related to their occurrence in several types of food and beverage. Keywords: phthalate acid esters; food and beverage contamination; phthalate exposure and health outcomes 1. Introduction The continuous exposure to different types of chemicals present in the environment and to which humans are exposed during their daily activities may adversely affect human health, and thus represents a global issue. Phthalates (PAEs) are esters of phthalic acid widely spread in many industrial applications, being the main plasticizers used in the polymer industry since the 1930s. They are usually added to plastic materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and polyethylene (PE), at the percentage of 10% up to 60% of PAEs by weight, in order to improve extensibility, elasticity, and workability of the polymers. PAEs are of great economic and commercial interest thanks to their diverse applications in plastic-based consumer products, such as building materials (flooring and wall coverings, and electric cables), baby toys, clothing, printing inks, packaging materials, pesticides, personal care and cosmetics, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5655; doi:10.3390/ijerph17165655 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, x 2 of 44 Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5655 2 of 45 Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, x 2 of 44 cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, as well as medical devices. The structure of the most commonly used Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, x 2 of 44 PAEs is shown in Table 1. pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,Int. J. Environ. pharmaceuticals, Res. Public as well Health as 2020 medical as, 17 ,well x devices. as medical The de structurevices. The of the structure most commonly of the most used commonly PAEs2 of is 44 shown used inPAEscosmetics, Table is 1shown. pharmaceuticals,Table in Table 1. Chemical 1. as wellstructure as medical of common devices. phthal Theates structure and their of main the applications.most commonly used cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, as well as medical devices. The structure of the most commonly used PAEs is shown in Table 1. PAEs is shownTable in Table 1. Chemical 1. structure of common phthalatesphthalates and their main applications. Chemical NameTable 1. Chemical structure of Structurecommon phthal ates and their main applications. Use Table 1. Chemical structure of common phthalates and their main applications. Chemical Chemical Name StructureStructure UseUse ChemicalName Name Structure Use Chemical Name Structure Use O Personal care products (e.g., Diethyl phthalate O O fragrances), coatings (e.g., O Personal care products (e.g., Diethyl phthalate PersonalPersonalpharmaceuticals), care products products (e.g., (e.g., dyes, Diethyl(DEP)Diethyl phthalate O Personalfragrances), care products coatings (e.g., (e.g., Diethyl phthalate fragrances),fragrances), pesticidescoatings coatings (e.g., (e.g., phthalate fragrances), coatings (e.g., O pharmaceuticals),pharmaceuticals), dyes, dyes, (DEP)(DEP) OO pharmaceuticals), dyes, (DEP) O pharmaceuticals),pesticides dyes, (DEP) pesticidespesticides pesticides O OO O OO O Perfumes, PVC plastics used in household products Perfumes,Perfumes,Perfumes, PVC PVC PVCplastics plastics plastics used used used Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Perfumes,in householdin household PVC plasticsproducts products used inin household household(e.g., toys, products floor products tiles and phthalate O O Di-(2-ethylhexyl)Di-(2-ethylhexyl)Di-(2-ethylhexyl) (e.g.,furniture toys, floor upholstery, tiles and cables, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) OOO O (e.g.,(e.g.,(e.g., toys, toys, toys, floor floor floortiles tiles and tiles and and phthalatephthalatephthalate O O O O furnituregarden upholstery, hoses, cables, wall (DEHP)phthalate furniturefurniturefurniture upholstery, upholstery, upholstery, cables, cables, cables, OOgardencoverings, hoses, wall and coverings,gloves), food (DEHP) OOOOgardengardengarden hoses, hoses, hoses, wall wall wall (DEHP)(DEHP)(DEHP) and gloves),packaging, food blood packaging, storage coverings,coverings,coverings, and and gloves),and gloves), gloves), food food food bloodbags, storage and medical bags, and devices packaging,packaging, blood blood storage storage packaging,medical devices blood storage bags,bags,bags, and and medicaland medical medical devices devices devices Di-isononyl Plasticizer, remaining in Di-isononylDi-isononyl Plasticizer,Plasticizer, remaining remaining in in Di-isononylphthalate Plasticizer,rubbers, inks, remaining adhesives in and Di-isononylphthalatephthalate rubbers,rubbers,Plasticizer, inks, inks, adhesives adhesives remaining and and in phthalate rubbers,sealants, inks, adhesives paints, and and phthalate sealants,rubbers,sealants, paints,inks, paints, adhesives and and and (DINP)(DINP) sealants, paints,lacquers and lacquers (DINP)(DINP) O sealants,lacquerslacquers paints, and OO (DINP) lacquers O O OO O O OO O O OO O VinylVinyl flooring, flooring, adhesives adhesives VinylVinyl flooring,flooring, adhesives and sealants, car-care Benzyl andandand sealants, sealants, car-care car-care car-care BenzylBenzyl products,Vinyl flooring, toys, food adhesives ButylphthalateBenzyl O products,products,products, toys, toys, food food food ButylphthalateButylphthalate OO packaging,and synthetic sealants, leather, car-care ButylphthalateBenzyl packaging,packaging,packaging, synthetic synthetic leather, leather, leather, industrialproducts, solvents, toys, glues, food Butylphthalate(BBP) O industrialindustrialindustrial solvents, solvents, solvents, glues, glues, glues, (BBP)(BBP) personalpackaging, care products, synthetic and leather, personalpersonalpersonal care care products, products, and and and O automotive products OO automotiveautomotiveindustrial solvents,products products glues, (BBP) O OH automotive products OO OOHH personal care products, and O automotive products O OH Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5655 3 of 45 Table 1. Cont. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, x 3 of 44 Chemical Structure Use Name CelluloseCellulose acetate acetate plastics, plastics, solvent for oil-soluble dyes, Di-n-butyl solvent for oil-soluble dyes, O pesticides, personal care phthalateDi-n-butyl pesticides, personal care phthalate productsproducts (e.g., (e.g., nail nail polish polish (DBP) O andand cosmetics), cosmetics), lacquers, lacquers, (DBP) varnishes,varnishes, and and coatings coatings (e.g., (e.g., O pharmaceuticals)pharmaceuticals) O There is a mounting concern about the ability of PAEs to disrupt hormones and negatively regulateThere reproductive is a mounting apparatus concern [1]. about Moreover the ability, due of to PAEs their to environmental disrupt hormones persistence and negatively and, therefore,regulate reproductivebioaccumulation apparatus along the [1]. food Moreover, chain, duethey to are their consid environmentalered highly persistence risk pollutants and, for therefore, their negativebioaccumulation impact on along the environment the food chain, and they living are or consideredganisms. PAEs highly can risk enter pollutants food via for several their negativeroutes, i.e.,impact
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Business Guidance on Phthalates
    Business guidance on phthalates How to limit phthalates of concern in articles? November 2013 Danish branch of EPBA, Brussels This guidance has been prepared on the initiative of the Danish EPA and organisations, DI (the Confederation of Danish Industry), the Danish Chamber of Commerce, DI ITEK (the Danish ICT and electronics federation for it, telecommunications, electronics and communication enterprises), BFE (the Danish Consumer Electronics Association), Batteriforeningen (the Danish branch of the European battery association EPBA), ITB (the Danish IT Industry Association) and FEHA (the Danish Association for Suppliers of Electrical Domestic Appliances) in a collaboration between the Danish EPA and representatives from the organisations. The guidance applies to companies marketing articles to either private or industrial users in Denmark. The target group is buyers in Danish companies that import or act as commercial agents, intermediaries or retailers, as well as foreign companies that export to Denmark. 2 Content How to limit phthalates of concern in articles? ................................................................... 4 Key to identification of articles with phthalates .................................................................. 8 Facts on phthalates ............................................................................................................................. 10 What should you ask your supplier? .......................................................................................... 11 What are the
    [Show full text]
  • A Simple, Fast, and Reliable LC-MS/MS Method for Determination and Quantification of Phthalates in Distilled Beverages
    A Simple, Fast, and Reliable LC-MS/MS Method for Determination and Quantification of Phthalates in Distilled Beverages Dimple Shah and Jennifer Burgess Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA APPLICATION BENEFITS INTRODUCTION ■■ Separation and detection of 7 phthalates Phthalates, esters of phthalic acid, are often used as plasticizers for polymers such in 11 minutes. as polyvinylchloride. They are widely applicable in various products including personal care goods, cosmetics, paints, printing inks, detergents, coatings, ■■ Simple, quick “dilute and shoot” sample preparation method for routine applications and food packaging. These phthalates have been found to leach readily into the where high sample throughput is required. environment and food as they are not chemically bound to plastics. As such they are known to be ubiquitously present in our environment. ■■ Elimination of major phthalate contamination using the ACQUITY UPLC® Isolator Column. Phthalates have been reported to show a variety of toxic effects related to reproduction in animal studies, which has resulted in these compounds being ■■ Selective mass spectra obtained for all seven considered as endocrine disruptors. Screening food and beverages for phthalates phthalates with dominant precursor ion. contamination is required by many legislative bodies, although regulations vary ■■ Low limits of quantification achieved using from country to country in regards to acceptable daily tolerances and specific Waters® ACQUITY UPLC H-Class System migration limits. and Xevo® TQD. Traditionally, phthalates have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass ■■ Single and robust method for a variety spectrometry (GC-MS), where derivatization and/or extraction and sample of distilled beverages. preparation is often required to improve chromatographic separation.1 The ■■ Maintain consumer confidence and resulting GC-EI-MS spectra can lack selectivity, where the base ion, used for ensure compliance in market.
    [Show full text]
  • Floor Polishing Composition
    Europaisches Patentamt 0 358 984 J European Patent Office (p) Publication number: A2 Office europeen des brevets © EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION £) Application number: 89115478.3 (f) int. ci.5- C09G 1/16 © Date of filing: 22.08.89 ® Priority: 16.09.88 US 245427 © Applicant: STERLING DRUG INC. 90 Park Avenue © Date of publication of application: New York New York(US) 21.03.90 Bulletin 90/12 @ Inventor: Jethwa, Anil Parmanand © Designated Contracting States: 1363 Omara Drive AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE Union New Jersey 07083(US) ™) Representative: Baillie, lain Cameron et al c/o Ladas & Parry Isartorplatz 5 D-8000 Munchen 2(DE) © Floor polishing composition. © An aqueous cleaning, coating and polishing composition consisting essentially of 1 to 20% by weight of a water insoluble alkali soluble addition polymer comprising at least one hydrophilic monomer selected from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate, where aikyl has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from styrene and monoalkylstyrene where monoalkyl has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 13% by weight of an alkali soluble 2:1 to 3:1 styrene:acrylic acid resin, 5 to 15% by weight of a fugitive plasticizer, 1 to 3% by weight of a permanent plasticizer, 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of an anionic or nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant leveling agent, 0.0003 to 0.003% by weight of a dimethylpolysiloxane antifoaming agent; 0.0003 to 0.003% by weight of a 1 ,2- benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-one or 3(2H)-isothazolone preservative, ammonia to provide a pH of 8.0 to 9.6 and water q.s.
    [Show full text]
  • BMF 32 - Plasticizers: Phthalates and Adipates
    BMF 32 - Plasticizers: Phthalates and Adipates Phthalate and adipate esters are widely used as surfactants and in food and per- sonal care products as plasticizers. Phthalates and adipates are also found in food as a result of leakage into food containers. Chiron offers a wide range of analytically pure deuterated and native phthalates and adipates, as well as mixes. Custom made mixes are available on request. Metabolites: Phthalate biomarkers It has been shown that dialkylphthalates are metabolized in the body to endocrine-active monoalkyl- phthalates, and appears to be linked with the prevalence of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance in men. General information Neat Compounds: Most of the compounds are also available in neat form. Please inquire for an offer. Custom solutions: Please inquire for custom solution of the plasticizers. Please inquire if you have need for others. Other labelled plasticizers are available upon request (deuterium or 13 C). Description of pr. no.: iso- octane (IO), isopropanol (IP), n-hexane (HX), mixture of solvents (MX). Phthalates, adipate and similar plasticizers Phthalates Deuterium labelled phthalates 2478.10-100-IO Dimethyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2892.12-K-IO Diethyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9365.14-100-IO Di-n-propyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9926.16-100-IO n-Butyl-2-methylpropyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2479.16-100-IO Di-n-butyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9925.18-100-IO n-Pentyl-3-methylbutyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2893.18-100-IO Di-n-pentyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2893.18-100-HX Di-n-pentyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2893.18-K-IO Di-n-pentyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 3125.18-100-IO Benzyl-n-butyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9366.20-100-IO Dicyclohexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9367.20-100-IO Di-n-hexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2361.24-100-IO Di-n-octyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2361.24-100-IP Di-n-octyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2894.24-K-IO Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 Monophthalate esters (metabolites) 3805.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patiented Jan.5, 1963 2 Evaporation of the Solvent, to Leave Behind a Thin, De 3,073,794 Posited Film of the Polymer
    3,073,794 United States Patent Office Patiented Jan.5, 1963 2 evaporation of the solvent, to leave behind a thin, de 3,073,794 posited film of the polymer. Basically, a suitable poly SPRAYABLE, ANHYDROUS SOLUTION OF -V. mer is a “1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer" and this is the NYL-2-PYRERODONE POLYMER IN CHELOR principal component. However, the term is also defined FLUORO HYDRO CARBON PROPELLANT George G. Stoner, Easton, Pa., assignor to General herewith to include not only the homopolymers but also a Aniline & Film Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corpor wide range of heteropolymers, copolymers, interpolymers, ration of Delaware terpolymers (three-component polymers) and, in general, No Drawing. Fied May 22, 1959, Ser. No. 814,999 polymers in which vinylpyrrollidone is either the sole com 6 (Cais. (CE. 260-33.8) ponent, a major component or a substantial component. O In the latter two instances the vinylpyrrollidone is copolym This invention relates to film-forming compositions, erized with such substances as vinyl acetate, isopropenyl and relates more particularly to sprayable film-forming acetate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl oleate, vinyl compositions which are non-flammable and non-alcoholic benzoate, and other vinyl and isopropenyl esters; vinyl and which are eminently suitable for therapeutic pur chloride, 2-chloropropene, and other vinyl and isopropenyl poses. 5 halides; methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, isopropyl This application is a continuation-in-part of my ap vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, 2-ethoxyethyl vinyl ether, plication Serial No. 580,443, filed April 25, 1956 and now phenyl vinyl ether and other vinyl ethers; acrylic acid and abandoned.
    [Show full text]
  • PHTHALATES and BISPHENOL Poster
    INTRODUCTION PHTHALATES TESTING PROCEDURES BISPHENOL A TESTING PROCEDURES CHROMATOGRAMS: Phthalates and Bisphenol A (BPA) are chemicals widely used in manufacturing of plastics and epoxy resin. They are endocrine disrupters Apparatus: Apparatus: that can mimic human hormones. These chemicals are ubiquitous in our environment and can be found in 95% of humans. Recent studies 83 mL Universal 525 cartridge with 1500 mg special blend of C18 (UCT cat#: ECUNI525) 50 mL QuEChERS centrifuge tubes and salts packed in Mylar pouch (4000 mg magnesium sulfate, 1000 mg sodium chloride, 500 mg Phthalates testing of Sample 5 have found human exposures to phthalates and BPA resulted in adverse health effects, such as altered hormone levels, reproductive effects, Vacuum pump (UCT cat#: ECROCKER400) sodium citrate dibasic sesquihydrate, and 1000 mg sodium citrate tribasic dehydrate) (UCT cat#: ECQUEU750CT-MP) Abundance or increased incidence of diseases, including cancer [1]. 6-station manifold (UCT cat#: ECUCTVAC6) Derivatizing agent: MTBSTFA w/1% TBDMCS (UCT cat#: SMTBSTFA-1-1) TIC: 525_Sample5.D\datams Cartridge adaptor (UCT cat#: ECUCTADP) Sodium sulfate, anhydrous, ACS, Granular 60 Mesh (UCT cat#: ECSS05K) ) IS ( S) EPA has regulated the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to be 6 ppb [2] and Bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate to be I ( ENV I R O 900000 20 L waste trap (UCT cat#: ECUCTTRAP20) 10 0 d 400 ppb [3] in drinking water. EPA has not regulated BPA in drinking water but has set up current safety level of BPA exposure to be 50 1 Fritted reservoirs with 50 µm Teflon frit (UCT cat#: ERTFT1FUNIP) QuEChERS Procedures: 800000 e n e d µg/kg/day [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Management Regulations for the Environment-Related Substances to Be Controlled Which Are Included in Parts and Materials
    MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT-RELATED SUBSTANCES TO BE CONTROLLED WHICH ARE INCLUDED IN PARTS AND MATERIALS SS-00259 for General Use, Nineteenth Edition SS-00259 (19th Edition) for General Use Terms of Use: Copyright and all intellectual property rights in the content of this document are vested in Sony Group Corporation and reserved, unless otherwise indicated. This document is the Sony Technical Standard, SS-00259 for General Use, Nineteenth Edition. Copyright 2021 Sony Group Corp. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Sony Group Corporation. Copyright 2021 Sony Group Corporation SS-00259 (19th Edition) for General Use CONTENTS 1. PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................... 1 2. SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Scope applicable to parts and materials .............................................................................1 2.2 Scope applicable to products .............................................................................................. 1 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................ 2 4. MANAGEMENT
    [Show full text]
  • CHEM Trust and the European Environmental Bureau Has Called
    To: Members of the REACH Committee Brussels, 6 July 2018 Dear Sir/Madam, We are writing to you regarding the REACH Committee Meeting that will take place next week (11-12 July). At this meeting crucial (preliminary) discussions, and potentially vote, are planned on: (1) the amendment Annex XVII of REACH as regards bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) (2) the decision for (partially) granting an authorisation under the REACH Regulation to (among other uses) produce PVC articles of bis(2-ethylhexhyl) phthalate (DEHP) to Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn S.A. and DEZA a.s.) The amendment Annex XVII of REACH as regards bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) We welcome the fact that the EU is now proposing to restrict these phthalates, but we are very concerned that the proposed restriction excludes the use of these chemicals in food contact materials although the majority of exposure to DEHP comes via food. In our view there is no scientific or policy justification for excluding Food Contact Materials (FCM) from this Restriction. REACH restrictions are permitted to cover FCM uses, and RAC and SEAC state1 that a restriction is needed due to the risks posed by these chemicals. It is true that the EU has a separate regulatory system for the regulation of chemicals in food contact materials, but we consider that it is more logical, administratively efficient, and likely to be more rapid if these uses are included in the REACH restriction.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazardous Substances in Plastic Materials
    TA Hazardous substances in plastic 3017 materials 2013 Prepared by COWI in cooperation with Danish Technological Institute Preface This report is developed within the project of mapping of prioritized hazardous substances in plastic materials. The report presents key information on the most used plastic types and their characteristics and uses, as well as on hazardous substances used in plastics and present on the Norwegian Priority List of hazardous substances (“Prioritetslisten”) and/or the Candidate List under REACH, by August 2012. The aim of the report is to be a brief handbook on plastic types and hazardous substances in plastics providing knowledge on the characteristics and use of different plastic materials and the function, uses, concentration, release patterns, and alternatives of the hazardous substances, allowing the user to use the report as an introduction and overview on the most important hazardous substances in plastics and the plastic types, they primarily are used in. The development of the report has been supervised by a steering committee consisting of: Inger-Grethe England, Klima- og Forurensningsdirektoratet (chairman) Pia Linda Sørensen, Klima- og Forurensningsdirektoratet Erik Hansen, COWI, Denmark Nils H. Nilsson, Danish Technological Institute The report has been prepared by Erik Hansen, COWI-Denmark, Nils H. Nilsson, Danish Technological Institute, Delilah Lithner, COWI-Sweden and Carsten Lassen COWI- Denmark. Vejle, Denmark, 15. January 2013 Erik Hansen, COWI (project manager) 1 Content English Summary and
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Designation of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate As a High-Priority
    United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Proposed Designation of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (CASRN 85-68-7) as a High-Priority Substance for Risk Evaluation August 22, 2019 Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ iii Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 2. Production volume or significant changes in production volume ........................................ 3 Approach ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................... 3 3. Conditions of use or significant changes in conditions of use ............................................... 3 Approach ..................................................................................................................................... 3 CDR Tables ................................................................................................................................. 4 CDR and TRI Summary and Additional Information on Conditions of Use ............................. 6
    [Show full text]
  • Four Plastics Exempted from CPSIA Third Party Testing of Phthalates
    Issue No.: 05/16/TCD Four Plastics Exempted from CPSIA Third Party Testing of Phthalates A Notice of Proposed Rulemaking exempting four plastics from phthalates testing under the CPSIA was approved by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) on 9 August 2016. The decision came following a research conducted by the Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) and other similar researches by the CPSC on the presence of eleven phthalates in four plastics used in children’s toys and child care articles. Once the rule has been approved, manufacturers shall not be required to conduct third-party testing in assuring compliance with the phthalate prohibitions for these four plastics. These four exempted plastics are: ¾ Polypropylene (PP) ¾ Polyethylene (PE) ¾ High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) ¾ Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) However, products made from the above plastics must continue to comply with Section 108 of CPSIA in which the “accessible plasticized component parts and other component parts made of materials that may contain phthalates” shall not contain any of the prohibited phthalates in concentration greater than 0.1% in children’s toys and child care articles. The six prohibited phthalates are: CPSIA Section 108 Phthalates Limit Permanent ban for use in children’s DEHP: di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.1% toys or child care articles DBP: dibutyl phthalate 0.1% BBP: benzyl butyl phthalate 0.1% Interim ban for use in toys that can be DINP: diisononyl phthalate 0.1% put in the mouth or child care articles DIDP: diisodecyl phthalate 0.1% DnOP: di-n-octyl phthalate 0.1% Phthalates are generally used as plasticizers or softener of certain plastics.
    [Show full text]
  • CVS Store Brand Restricted Substances List
    CVS Store Brand Restricted Substances List The following ingredients are restricted from select CVS Store Brand Baby & Child, Beauty, Personal Care, Foods, Suncare, Household, and Bottled Spring Water Products. This list is updated annually, in May. Baby & Child Products (non-medicated products, e.g., shampoos, lotions, wipes) California Proposition 65 Banned Chemicals (e.g., Toluene, Multiple Styrene, BPA) ii Formaldehyde 50-00-0 Dimethyl-dimethyl (DMDM) Hydantoin 6440-58-0 Imidazolidinyl Urea 39236-46-9 Diazolidinyl Urea 78491-02-8 Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate 70161-44-3 Formaldehyde 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol) 52-51-7 and donors Quaternium-15 4080-31-3 Glyoxal 107-22-2 Polyoxymethylene Urea 68611-64-3 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3 Dioxane (Bronidox) 30007-47-7 Methylene glycol (methanediol) 463-57-0 Methenamine 100-97-0 Ethylparaben 120-47-8 Butylparaben 94-26-8 Methylparaben 99-76-3 Propylparaben 94-13-3 Heptylparaben 1085-12-7 Isobutylparaben 4247-02-3 Isopropylparaben 4191-73-5 Parabens Benzylparaben 94-18-8 Octylparaben 1219-38-1 Pentylparaben 6521-29-5 Phenylparaben 17696-62-7 Isodecylparaben 2664-60-0 Calcium Paraben 69959-44-0 Potassium Paraben 16782-08-4 5026-62-0 35285-69-9 Sodium Parabens 35285-68-8 36457-20-2 Hexamidine Paraben Not Found Hexamidine Diparaben 93841-83-9 Undecylenoyl PEG 5 Paraben Not Found Phenoxyethylparaben 55468-88-7 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 99-96-7 Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) 117-81-7 Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) 85-68-7 Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) 84-74-2 Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) 26761-40-0
    [Show full text]