MOYALE DISTRICT

2008 LONG RAINS ASSESSMENT REPORT

14TH – 18th JULY 2008

Assessment Team Joseph Kere Ministry of Agriculture Barbara Leseni World Food Program Benson Mureithi Ministry of Agriculture Technical DSG Moyale District Table of Contents 1 Introduction...... 3

1.1 District Background Information...... 3

1.2 History of Relief Operation ...... 3

1.3 Food Security Trends...... 3

1.4 Summary of recommendations ...... 4

2 District Food Security Situation...... 4

2.1 Overall food security situation...... 4

2.2 Impact of shocks and hazards on food security ...... 5

2.3 Ongoing Interventions ...... 11

3 Recommendations...... 12

3.1 Food Interventions ...... 12

3.2 Non Food Recommendations...... 13

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 2 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

1 Introduction

1.1 District Background Information Moyale District covers an area of 9,749km2 with the 2007 population estimated at about 61,368 people. The District is in the northern arid lands of Kenya and lies in ecological zones IV and V. It borders Ethiopia to the North, Marsabit to the North West, Isiolo to the South and Wajir to the North East. The district has four administrative divisions namely Uran, Obbu, Central and Golbo with the last two divisions having the highest population concentration. The district has three livelihood zones: Pastoral, Agro-Pastoral and Formal Employment/Business/Petty trade; though Pastoral and Agro-pastoral zones predominate. Agro-pastoral communities are mainly concentrated in the northern parts of the district bordering Ethiopia. This zone covers three divisions; Central Division in the North Eastern parts, Northern parts of Obbu Division, and Northern part of Uran Division. The main crops grown in these areas include maize, beans, sorghum, teff, green grams and cowpeas. The other parts of these Divisions and Golbo Division lie in the pastoral zone of the district with a small percentage lying in the Urban Centres with concentration mainly in Moyale town ship and Sololo market centre.

Rainfall pattern is bimodal with short rains experienced between October and December while the long rains start in March and end in May. Rainfall ranges from 300mm to 800mm with an average of 500mm per annum. 1.2 History of Relief Operation The district has been under Emergency operations since 2006. Phase IV of the EMOP began in March 2006 with an initial target of 27,445 beneficiaries which is 44.5% of the district population receiving 1659.78MT of food. Other than general food distribution, the district has been targeted under supplementary feeding operations and food for assets interventions.

Currently, the district is in Phase VII of the EMOP which commenced in December 2007 targeting the four divisions under Food For Asset intervention. A total number of 2,753 households with 16,519 beneficiaries were targeted in the first quarter of the phase. After the short rains assessment, the number increased to 3,984 households with 23,908 beneficiaries, 39% of the total population. 29 FFA projects have been fully implemented and completed in the four divisions. A total of 1,129.86 MT of food constituting cereals, pulses, vegetable oil and Corn Soya Blend was distributed at a ration of 5.175 Kgs, 0.9 Kgs, 0.3 Kgs and 0.6 Kgs par day respectively. About 943 have benefited through the Supplementary Feeding Program.

1.3 Food Security Trends The food security situation in the district improved marginally after the long rains. This has resulted in adequate pasture regeneration both in the pastoral and agro- pastoral zones. The recharge of water sources was below normal in the pastoral zones but adequate in the agro pastoral zones. At the moment, both humans and livestock are being Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 3 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

serviced by pans and dams. Overall livestock body conditions are quite good. However, milk available to households has reduced owing to the fact that the herds are away from most settlements. Due to low milk productivity of the remaining herds, the average price of milk has increased from Ksh 5 – 6 to Ksh 10 – 15 per 300 ml cup. In some parts of Godoma in Golbo division, milk is supplied from neighbouring North Eastern province. The trend is projected to remain stable in the next 6 months. However, the escalation in food prices and influx of livestock and human population could undermine the situation.

1.4 Summary of recommendations The agro-pastoral zones of the district experienced above average rains this season. About 70% of the targeted land for maize production was planted. However, due to late planting, lack of requisite farm inputs and army worm attack, it resulted in 90% maize crop failure. Nevertheless, about 58% (327 90kg bags) of bean crop was harvested. Conversely, the pastoral areas did not receive adequate rains necessary to fully recharge water sources. The drought in southern Ethiopia has led to in-migration of livestock and people into the district threatening both pasture and water resources. The recommended responses addressing the ensuing threats include: - Relief food for a smaller population of the district through FFA - Peace building initiatives to continue - Disease surveillance/ Vaccination, livestock movement control - Water tankering in the pastoral zones - Provision of drought tolerant planting materials, ploughs, training of oxen - Pasture development - Rehabilitation of boreholes, pans and dams - Roof catchment water harvesting in schools 2 District Food Security Situation 2.1 Overall food security situation The general food security situation improved marginally after the long rains as pasture regeneration contributed positively to the improvement of livestock conditions in the pastoral zones. In the agro pastoral zones, around 25% of HH were able to harvest 58% of bean crop and 10% (290 90kg bags) of maize crop. Agro-pastoral zones of central and Golbo divisions received between 50 and 120 per cent of the normal rainfall while the pastoral zones of Golbo and Obbu divisions received less, 20-80% of normal. Pasture and browse regeneration was good both in quantity and quality in the pastoral zones and in normal circumstance would be expected to last till the next rains which are expected in October. The long rain were inadequate to fully recharge water sources in the pastoral zones occasioning the shortages currently being experienced. Affected areas are in the Southern parts of the district of Amballo, Dirbsei, Laaqi, Garba, Banale, Funanyatta, Rawana and Ele Bor. This has been caused by the high concentration of livestock from within and outside the district. Pans in Diribsei, Kobole, Banale and Funa Qumbi have literally dried causing an early retreat into the agro-pastoral zones which are the dry season grazing areas. Although the agro-pastoral zones have adequate water, they are deficient in pasture for livestock production due to bush encroachment. It is estimated that about 14 water pans require de-silting. Most pans and dams reserved for human use

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 4 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

have water though this is expected to last until the end of August 2008. It is anticipated that Watiti and Godoma Didiko might require water tankering in the near future. Compared to the norm, distances to water sources have increased to between 7-10 km from 3-5km and to 10-20 km from 3-8km for households and livestock respectively. In general, the pasture and browse realized after the long rains has greatly improved the body condition of livestock. However, unprecedented in-migration of livestock from the Southern parts of Ethiopia (with one of the highest concentration of livestock in Africa) due to drought is starting to put pressure on pasture and water resources. It is estimated that about 170,000 livestock from Ethiopia and Wajir (through Ethiopia) have entered the district.

Cases of mange and CCPP have been reported as the main livestock diseases. However, in areas with livestock from Ethiopia, a few cases of FMD have been reported. The District veterinary office has been alerted and is closely monitoring the situation. Mild floods that resulted from the rains caused a collapse of sanitation facilities (toilets) both at the household and institutional level particularly in the pastoral zones. This reduced the district sanitation coverage further from the 37% recorded in March. In addition, rain water runoff resulted in the pollution of most surface water sources. Golbo and Uran are the most affected divisions and a few cases of diarrhoea have been reported in Sololo. Public health department is currently carrying out campaigns on safe water use.

The long rains did not result in any significant crop harvests as production was adversely affected by late planting which resulted in 90% maize and 42% bean crop failure. An army worm attack later in the season caused extensive damage to crop and pasture with some areas in the agro-pastoral zones of Godoma experiencing total crop damage. The drought in Ethiopia - an important source of food for the district - coupled with other global factors has seen the average price of food commodities nearly doubled. The highest recorded increase was recorded in Golbo. Also, about 70 MT of maize from Meru district and Northern Tanzania transited through the Moyale border into Ethiopia.

In general, school enrolment for the second term was stable. However, lack of water for cooking and hygiene resulted in the early closure of Moyale girls high school. Primary schools in the pastoral zones are also experiencing water shortages forcing pupils to take water to school. The security situation prevailing in the district is currently calm, and no major incidences have been reported. However, peace initiatives are ongoing along the borders of the district. These are aimed at forestalling any conflicts that may occur due to the prevailing livestock migration. The district security team and other stakeholders have a role to constantly monitor the situation.

2.2 Impact of shocks and hazards on food security Shocks and Hazards The main shocks to food security in the district are the army worm attack on maize crop and immigration of human and livestock populations from Southern Ethiopia which is ongoing. These impacted the district by; - Compounding to late planting resulting in 90% maize crop failure.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 5 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

- Reducing the amount of food commodities traditionally imported from Ethiopia. Also, an increase of transiting of maize through Moyale border into Ethiopia where prices are high. Imminent hazards in the district include: - Influx of households and livestock from Southern Ethiopia likely to compromise sanitation, livestock health and access to water and pasture. Potential source of conflict. - Escalating food prices.

2.2.1 Rainfall

Figure 1 Moyale District Rainfall Performance Figure 1 shows that the district generally recorded above average 250.0 rains in 2008 except in the month

200.0 of May. Though this should have

150.0 been adequate to support crop maturity in some areas, late 100.0 planting by most of the farmers, 50.0 lack of appropriate farm inputs - and an army worm attack Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec resulted in massive crop failure. Long t erm Average - 2002 14.0 8.8 37.6 111.6 94.7 14.4 66.1 12.9 18.6 145. 93.1 34.6 More specifically, only some to 2007 1

2008 6.2 - 87.0 195. 68.9 43.2 locations of Golbo division recorded good rains of up to 120 Long term Average - 2002 to 2007 2008 per cent above normal. Most of the pastoral zones particularly in Uran and Obbu divisions received about 20-50 per cent of the normal rains while the rest of the district received between 50 – 80 per cent of the normal rains.

2.2.2 Health and Nutrition The district malnutrition levels remained low to moderate in the last three months. The GAM rate in April 2008 was 9.3% (Source: MOH Moyale). As figure 2 Figure 2 Chanis Data July2007 -June 2008 shows, June 2008 recorded an 50 increase in malnutrition rate in all the 45 40 divisions except Obbu with a 3.1% 35 30 underweight prevalence. This could 25 20 be attributed to reduced availability 15 10 of milk at the household level as 5 0 livestock is still in the wet season Jul-07 Aug- Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov- Dec- Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar - Apr - May- Jun-08 07 07 07 08 08 08 grazing areas. Obbu which reported Aug- Nov- Dec- Mar - Apr - May- Jul-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Feb-08 Jun-08 high milk availability has one of the 07 07 07 08 08 08 Centr al 9.6 9.6 13.4 8.9 12.01 6.9 9.3 10.8 11.4 11.1 16.6 lowest malnutrition rates with only Gol bo 44.3 16.2 2.15 14.4 11.9 12.9 9.5 24.8 23.6 15.5 14.6 3.1% of children underweight. Uran Obbu 1.9 1.7 5.8 2.7 0.98 3.5 2.9 2.1 9.4 7.3 3.1 Ur an 0 5.3 7.95 4.9 11.2 4.2 19 17.7 13.7 7.1 18.7 division has the highest rate of Di st 11.6 8.9 7.5 9 13.3 14.2 11.4 15.6 malnutrition with 8.7% of children Month

Centr al Gol bo Obbu Ur an Di st Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 6 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

underweight. In addition, the increase in food prices could also have contributed to increased malnutrition. Figure 3 shows that 12-35 months old children being the most malnourished. This could be explained by the stage of the children which is oral and also inadequate due care.

Figure 3 Moyale district Chanis showing malnutrition by Age The dietary diversity patterns show that 40.2% of HHs have more than 4 meals per day, M oyale District CHANIS Data 36.3% have 3 meals and the rest of the population have 2 meals (UNICEF/WVK 50

40 April 2008). However, parents are also

30 sending children to school where food is 20 provided so as to save on the household food 10 stocks. The food for assets project is covering 0 Dec-07 Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar -08 Apr -08 May-08 Jun-08 385HH and these share their rations with those

Dec-07 Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar -08 Apr -08 May-08 Jun-08 who are not given. There is a decrease in the 0 - 11 Months 4.713604 6.701571 8.311822 7.503001 6.14973310.72776 supply of fresh produce from Ethiopia due to 12 - 35 Months 11.56812 15.66731 44.23749 26.07595 21.6696323.59952

36 - 59 Months 10.77586 12.01299 20.30651 17.94872 19.38534 21.91142 the prevailing drought and this has affected the dietary diversity. 0 - 11 Months 12 - 35 Months 36 - 59 Months In the last 6 months, there has not been any serious disease outbreak recorded. However, May and June 2008 recorded the highest death rates of children under 5 with 14 cases reported. These deaths were caused by malnutrition (2), pneumonia (3), GIT (1), sepsis (1), malaria (1) and premature births (6). Both CMR (0.73 deaths/10,000/day) and U5MR (0.89 deaths/10,000/day) are below the emergency benchmark of 1/10,000/day and 2/10,000/day respectively, they depict an alerting situation.

2.2.3 Access to water and Sanitation All water sources are operational except one borehole in Obbu division. However, the rains caused siltation in 35% of the pans and dams. Consequently there is an urgent need to desilt 14 dams and pans. Due to the increased demand occasioned by the in migration of livestock, the available surface water sources is estimated to last for the next two months. Although no tankering activities are ongoing, it is anticipated that Figure 4 Treking Distances to Water pastoral areas of Golbo, Uran and Obbu Source will require the services soon. It will also Longest

be necessary to rehabilitate boreholes so Shortest

as to improve on water discharge Longest capacity. Shortest 02 46 8101214 In general households are using 20 – 60 Humans Livestock litres per day with time taken to fetch Shortest Longest Shortest Longest water ranging between 30 minutes and 6 Current 0.5 5 6 12 Normal 0.2 3 3 8 hours. As figure 4 shows, on average the Kilometers shortest trekking distance to water sources has nearly doubled for both Normal Current human and livestock.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 7 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

Sanitation Following the long rains, sanitation facilities (toilets) collapsed both at the household and institutional level especially in the sandy lowland areas (pastoral zones). This reduced the district sanitation coverage further from the previous 37% recorded in March. Furthermore, rain water runoff resulted in the pollution of most surface water sources with Golbo and Uran most affected divisions with a few cases of diarrhoea having been reported in Sololo and E. Coli in Guran Dam. In response to the reduction of sanitation experienced when toilets collapsed after the rains, NGOs and other government agencies Figure 5 Prevalence of Waterborne are supporting the construction of pit latrines Diseases in the affected areas. The affected water

20000 sources have also been chlorinated and health

10000 education to the community on purification of

0 water at household level carried out by Public 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 June

Year s health. As indicated in figure 5, cases of

Intestinal Worms 4015 3900 4448 4164 2216 diarrhoeal diseases recorded in the year 2008 Di ar r heal di seases 8363 9929 11146 11678 6726 appear to be steadily increasing. The recorded Skin Infections 2407 2642 3588 4685 2653 cases are already 58% of the last year’s total.

Intestinal Worms Di ar r heal di seases Skin Infections

2.2.4 Crop Production and Market Prices By May 2008, 75% of farmers had not planted due to lack of suitable seeds and some of the planted crop was lost to army worm attack. Consequently, food insecurity still remains a serious challenge in the district due to the aforementioned reasons coupled with high influx of both livestock and human population from Southern Ethiopia (traditional source of food), 90% maize crop and 42% bean crop failure. Table 1 shows the achieved maize and beans targets against the requirements.

Table 1 Maize and beans production in Moyale district in 2008 CROP TARGETED ACHIEVED Monthly Six Months YIELD YIELD Requirements (90kg Requirements (90KG/BAG) (90KG/BAG) bags) Maize 3,080 270 5,127 30,726 Beans 3,100 80 2,489 14,934

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 8 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

Market prices of agricultural commodities Figure 6 Food prices of major commodities In general, the price of food commodities 250.0

200.0 has increased by 100- 150%. Local staples

150.0 are scarce with a Kg of Maize sells for 100.0 Ksh 35 compared to the normal Ksh 13-15 50.0 and a kg of beans selling at between Ksh - Pr ice nor mPr ice NowPr ice nor mPr i ce now Pr i ce nor mPr ice now Pr ice nor mPr ice now 80-100 compared to the normal Ksh 40. Maize Beans Rice Oil Vegetables are in short supply thus Centr al 13.7 36.7 22.3 63.3 40.0 81.7 83.3 196.3 Gol bo 16.7 43.3 22.0 71.7 38.0 81.7 85.0 203.3 adversely affecting the dietary diversity. Obbu 18.0 41.7 25.0 68.3 40.0 81.7 90.0 196.7 Figure 6 shows that Golbo and Obbu Ur an 18.7 43.3 25.0 53.8 40.0 80.0 90.0 215.0 divisions recorded a higher price increase Centr al Gol bo Obbu Ur an compared to the other divisions. The prices are expected to continue rising because of short supply and other global reasons.

2.2.5 Livestock Production and Market Prices Pasture and Livestock body conditions The long rains resulted in pasture regeneration in both the pastoral and agro- pastoral zones. The available pasture in the pastoral zones might be underutilized due to drying up of water resources in the southern parts of the district due to high concentration of livestock from both within and outside the district.

Livestock body condition is said to be quite good. However, in the next three months, the body conditions might deteriorate as a result of increased trekking distances from the wet grazing areas to the water sources.

Goat Prices A mature goat is selling at Figure 7 Trend of the price of a mature goat an average price of Ksh

1400.0 1,500 to 2,000 in the 1200.0 terminal market of Moyale. 1000.0 The current price is about 800.0 two times the long term 600.0

400.0 average price. However, as 200.0 figure 7 shows, the average 0.0 price has been declining Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec since March 2008. This can Long term Average 981.7 1028. 954.1 932.6 1171.7 1048.1972.2 991.3 1100.4 1064. 1183.412 13 . 6 be attributed to the 2008 1257. 1150.0 1295. 1231.51193.31193.3 increased number of Long t erm Average 2008 livestock from Ethiopia and the subsequent increase in market supply. If the drought in the neighbouring country continues, the prices are expected to drop further.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 9 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

Cattle Prices

Figure 8 Trend of average cattle price Figure 8 shows that the average price of cattle has been 10 ,0 00 increasing in comparison with 8,000 the long term average since 6,000 January of 2008. This could be 4,000 attributed by the reduced number 2,000 of cattle in the market since most - Jun Jan Feb Mar Apri May July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec are still in the wet season grazing e areas where there is adequate Long term Average 6,66 6,91 5,71 6,48 5,14 5,38 6,85 7,35 6,95 7,33 6,92 6,27 2008 6,08 6,98 6,98 6,95 8,87 8,87 pasture. Cattle from Ethiopia which normally boosts the main Long t erm Average 2008 market are in poor body condition and thus are not being sold.

Terms of Trade The average price of cereals has doubled compared to that of a mature goat which would be sold to purchase dry maize. A 90 kg bag of maize is selling at an average of Ksh 3,150 while a mature goat is Ksh 1,200. Normally a bag of maize sells at Ksh 1,350 and a mature goat Ksh 1,048. This indicates that the pastoralists purchasing power has been eroded since they have to sell more goats for a bag of maize.

2.2.6 Education The reduced enrolment recorded in the primary school during the first term was reversed in the second term. The reduction was as a result of migration to the pastoral areas of Golbo and Sololo. The introduction of three mobile primary schools mitigated the situation. The eight primary boarding wings in the district are at a threat of closing down due to pulling out of donors and lack of funding by the government.

Secondary School There was a marked increase in secondary enrolment in third term and first term due to the declaration of free secondary education and opening up of additional schools in Golbo and Sololo divisions. Currently, the status quo remains the same though schools might not be able to complete the academic year due to soaring food prices and poor payments of boarding fee that could lead to an earlier closure of the institutions.

2.2.7 Population movements and Migration Patterns In the last few months, the district has had livestock move to the pastoral zones which are the wet grazing areas which is normal at this time of the year and is witnessing a large influx of livestock from Ethiopia and Wajir. The increase in herd sizes from the aforementioned areas is causing stress to the pasture and water resources that would stimulate an early retreat to the dry grazing areas due to drying up of water sources.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 10 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

2.2.8 Coping Mechanisms The communities in Moyale district are applying the normal coping mechanisms including; ƒ Charcoal burning ƒ Sharing of food ƒ Selling of firewood This indicates a normal food security situation.

Divisional Food Security Ranking Table 2 Food security ranking by division Division Name Food Security Rank Main Food Security Threat Golbo 7 Crop failure due to late planting, army worm infestation, increase food prices and livestock migration Uran 6 Livestock migration, increased food prices and threat of FMD Obbu 5 Depletion of water for livestock and Increased food prices Central 5 Increased food prices and drought in Ethiopia

2.2.9 Food Security Prognosis In the next two and a half months, food security situation in the district will be fair. In the pastoral zones, pasture is still available and livestock body condition is good thus the potential for better income especially from cattle. Though the agro pastoral zones have realized some harvests, these will not be adequate and they will continue to rely on livestock sales to access food. In the next six months, the situation is expected to deteriorate moderately especially if the situation remains the same.

2.3 Ongoing Interventions Table 3 Ongoing food security related interventions in the district INTERVENTION LOCALITY COLLABORATORS % COVERAGE GAPS Construction of water District Wide CIFA, ARLMP, KRCS, District wide None pans, underground MOA, WVI, MOW tanks and rehabilitation of boreholes FFA District wide GOK,WVI,WFP District wide None

Capacity Building District wide CIFA,ARLMP,OP, District District wide None Deetha Association (Council of Elders) Clearing of farm District wide KRCS , CIFA and MOA District Wide None lands , environmental conservation and hay harvesting Supplementary District wide MOH, UNICEF, WVI and District wide One health facility Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 11 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). feeding WFP Restocking ( Camel, District wide ARLMP ,KLMC and CIFA District wide None goats) GFD Moyale GOK Moyale None Provision of farm District wide ARLMP,WFP,WVI and District wide None tools and equipment KRCS

Status of SRA 2008 Recommendations Table 4 Status of recommendations made during the 2008 SRA

ƒ Relief food in form of Food for Assets to continue with closer Ongoing monitoring of the food security situation. ƒ Water trucking to the affected communities district wide. Ongoing ƒ Rehabilitation of existing borehole gen-sets Ongoing ƒ Drilling of contingency boreholes in the southern lowlands. Not done ƒ Advocacy of drought resistant seed varieties for the Agro pastoral Ongoing areas e.g. B4 maize variety. ƒ Training farmers on traditional and conventional methods of pest Not done control ƒ Continuous surveillance of locust and army worm invasions and other Ongoing pests and diseases. ƒ Routine vaccination to prevent and control outbreaks of livestock Ongoing diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD). ƒ Community education through extension services and trainings on Not done livestock disease and pest control. ƒ Review of government regulation on livestock movement i.e. (6.00 Not done am to 6.00 pm rule) and improvement of road infrastructure in the district. ƒ The ongoing supplementary feeding program of children under 5 Ongoing years, Pregnant and Lactating mothers should continue. ƒ Enhanced community empowerment through trainings and awareness Ongoing creation to manage malnutrition cases at community level. 3. Recommendations

3.1 Food Interventions Table 5 Proposed food interventions Division Food Insecurity Range % pop. Possible food Definition/ Requiring food ration level mode of aid intervention Golbo High 50 - 55% 75% FFA. Uran Moderate 15-20% 75% FFA Obbu Medium 15 - 20% 75% FFA Central Medium 10 – 15% 75% FFA

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of 12 the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

3.2 Non Food Recommendations

Livelihoods Phase Sector Interventions Justification Targeted Cost Action classification population (Ksh) All livelihoods Security Peace building To avoid conflict District wide 0.5 M OP, Partners initiatives to due to increasing continue movement of livestock Agro pastoral Agriculture Provision of Compliment the District wide 7.1M MoA, ALRMP and Livestock drought tolerant on going land and partners planting preparation materials efforts Purchase of oxen Open up more and ploughs land for crops Agro pastoral Disease Control spread of District wide 6.5M MOLD, /Pastoral surveillance/ FMD Development Vaccination, Improving partners livestock animal health, movement value and quality control, of products Improve disease and vector control Pasture Enrich pasture District wide 1.5M MOLD, Partners development and reduce bush encroachment Pastoral Water tankering Enable Lowland 1M MoW, ALRMP, in wet season utilization of areas partners grazing areas available

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 13

Livelihoods Phase Sector Interventions Justification Targeted Cost Action classification population (Ksh) pastures All livelihoods Water and Rehabilitation of Ensure continued District wide 2 M GOK, partners sanitation 10 Gensets @ supply of water 200,000/= to humans and livestock Purchase 2 stand by pumps 6 and Ksh 10m3 per hr 0.8M Purchase fast Ksh moving spare 0.6 M parts and stand by panels

Water trucking to To provide water District wide Ksh GOK, Partners 10 communities to areas without 2M and schools water Desilting 6 water Increase water District wide 12M GOK, donors pans and dams storage capacity for longevity of supply especially in wet season grazing areas All livelihoods Education Roof catchment To improve All Ksh Local water harvesting hygiene secondary 4M Authorities, in schools conditions and and primary Gok, Donors water supply schools in and Partners the district

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 14