Geotechnical Design of an Offshore Gravity Base Structure
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Determination of Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil From
DETERMINATION OF GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAYEY SOIL FROM RESISTIVITY IMAGING (RI) by GOLAM KIBRIA Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON August 2011 Copyright © by Golam Kibria 2011 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like express my sincere gratitude to my supervising professor Dr. Sahadat Hos- sain for the accomplishment of this work. It was always motivating for me to work under his sin- cere guidance and advice. The completion of this work would not have been possible without his constant inspiration and feedback. I would also like to express my appreciation to Dr. Laureano R. Hoyos and Dr. Moham- mad Najafi for accepting to serve in my committee. I would also like to thank for their valuable time, suggestions and advice. I wish to acknowledge Dr. Harold Rowe of Earth and Environmental Science Department in the University of Texas at Arlington for giving me the opportunity to work in his laboratory. Special thanks goes to Jubair Hossain, Mohammad Sadik Khan, Tashfeena Taufiq, Huda Shihada, Shahed R Manzur, Sonia Samir,. Noor E Alam Siddique, Andrez Cruz,,Ferdous Intaj, Mostafijur Rahman and all of my friends for their cooperation and assistance throughout my Mas- ter’s study and accomplishment of this work. I wish to acknowledge the encouragement of my parents and sisters during my Master’s study. Without their constant inspiration, support and cooperation, it would not be possible to complete the work. -
Promoting Geosynthetics Use on Federal Lands Highway Projects
Promoting Geosynthetics Use on Federal Lands Highway Projects Publication No. FHWA-CFL/TD-06-009 December 2006 Central Federal Lands Highway Division 12300 West Dakota Avenue Lakewood, CO 80228 FOREWORD The Federal Lands Highway (FLH) of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) promotes development and deployment of applied research and technology applicable to solving transportation related issues on Federal Lands. The FLH provides technology delivery, innovative solutions, recommended best practices, and related information and knowledge sharing to Federal agencies, Tribal governments, and other offices within the FHWA. The objective of this study was to provide guidance and recommendations on the potential of systematically including geosynthetics in highway construction projects by the FLH and their client agencies. The study included a literature search of existing· design guidelines and published work on a range of applications that use geosynthetics. These included mechanically stabilized earth walls, reinforced soil slopes, base reinforcement, pavements, and various road applications. A survey of personnel from the FLH and its client agencies was performed to determine the current level of geosynthetic use in their practice. Based on the literature review and survey results, recommendations for possible wider use of geosynthetics in the FLH projects are made and prioritized. These include updates to current geosynthetic specifications, the offering of training programs, development of analysis tools that focus on applications of interest to the FLH, and further studies to promote the improvement of nascent or existin esign methods. Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. -
Geotechnical Manual 2013 (PDF)
2013 Geotechnical Engineering Manual Geotechnical Engineering Section Minnesota Department of Transportation 12/11/13 MnDOT Geotechnical Manual ii 2013 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MANUAL ..................................................................................................... I GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SECTION ............................................................................................................... I MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ............................................................................................... I 1 PURPOSE & OVERVIEW OF MANUAL ........................................................................................................ 8 1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE GEOTECHNICAL SECTION .............................................................................................................. 8 1.4 MANUAL DESCRIPTION AND DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................................. 9 2 GEOTECHNICAL PLANNING ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 PURPOSE, SCOPE, RESPONSIBILITY ........................................................................................................................ -
Soils and Foundations: 2012 IBC
Soils and Foundations January 2016 State of Connecticut Department of Administrative Services Division of Construction Services Office of Education and Data Management Soils and Foundations: 2012 IBC Presented by Douglas M. Schanne, Training Program Supervisor, OEDM for the Office of Education and Data Management Spring 2016 Career Development Series Soils and Foundations • Seminar will review the International Building Code requirements for soils and foundations: – Geotechnical investigations, foundation and soils – excavation, grading and fill, – load bearing values of soils, – dampproofing and waterproofing – design and construction of foundations • Shallow Foundations • Deep Foundations Office of Education and Data Management - January 2016 Career Development 2016 OEDM Career Development 1 Soils and Foundations January 2016 Chapter 18 ‐Soils and Foundations International Building Code 2012 • 1801 General • 1802 Definitions • 1803 Geotechnical Investigations • 1804 Excavation, Grading, and Fill • 1805 Dampproofing & Waterproofing • 1806 Presumptive Load‐Bearing Values of Soils • 1807 Walls, Posts, Poles • 1808 Foundations • 1809 Shallow Foundations • 1810 Deep Foundations 2016 OEDM Career Development 2 Soils and Foundations January 2016 Section 1801 General • Scope – The provisions of IBC Chapter 18 Soils and Foundations applies to building and foundation systems Section 1801 General • Design – Allowable bearing pressure, allowable stresses and design formulas provided shall be used with the allowable stress design load combinations -
Settlement of Shallow Foundations Near Reinforced Slopes
Settlement of Shallow Foundations near Reinforced Slopes Mehdi Raftari Department of Civil Engineering, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran [email protected] Prof. Dr. Khairul Anuar Kassim Department of Geotechnics & Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM, Johor, Malaysia [email protected] Dr. Ahmad Safuan A.Rashid Department of Geotechnics & Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM, Johor, Malaysia [email protected] Hossein Moayedi Faculty of Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology Kermanshah, Iran [email protected] ABSTRACT Nowadays, there are many situations that foundations are built near the slopes. To design such foundations large settlement towards the slope are expected. To reduce the settlement as well as increasing the bearing ratio, using the geosynthetic reinforcement is common. In some cases the slope is reinforced and this reinforcement could have a significant impact on decrease of shallow foundation settlement on it. In this paper we selected five different slopes from the Lorestan province located in Iran and reinforced it with the appropriate reinforcement. To analyze the models using the Finite Element Method (FEM), the Plaxis 8.2 was used. Firstly, the settlements of shallow foundation on both reinforced and unreinforced slope were compared. Then other important parameters such as number of layers, vertical spacing between layers, and distance from foundation to slope crest during the design of reinforced structures were tested. As a result, the nearer placement of the footing to crest of the slope increases the settlement, however using the reinforcement could significantly decreases the mentioned settlement. KEYWORDS: Geosynthetic; Reinforced slope; Plaxis; Finite Element analysis INTRODUCTION Increase in the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on slopes is being always one of the concerns for designers to design appropriate structures such as building’s foundations, roads, and railways[1]. -
Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations Found Near the Building
energysmartdetails d ig less, insulate more Because most rigid insulation is either 24 in. from greenbuildingadvisor.com by martin holladay wide or 48 in. wide, it makes sense to design a Although not code-required, continuous horizontal insulation under frost-protected shallow foundation to be 24 in. the slab can be used to reduce heat deep at the perimeter, with 16 in. below grade loss through the floor. and 8 in. above grade. 1 Frost-protected Metal flashing with ⁄4-in. drip leg Protective covering applied to above-grade rigid foam Around the perimeter of the slab, shallow foundations vertical rigid foam insulates the foundation. he footings of most foundations are placed below the frost insulating your foundation walls enough to achieve the necessary Horizontal wing insulation builder’s tip depth. In colder areas of the United States, this can mean R-value for a shallow foundation. extends out from the bottom excavating and pouring concrete 4 ft. or more below grade. Let’s say you’re building a frost-protected shallow foundation in edge of the foundation, at Monolithic-slab t least 12 in. below grade, foundations require If you include enough rigid-foam insulation around a foundation, a Minnesota town with an air-freezing index of 2500. According to to retain heat in the soil a perimeter trench. however, you can keep the soil under the house warm enough to code requirements for frost-protected shallow foundations found near the building. It can be If vertical insulation sloped slightly away from the permit shallow excavations, which can be 12 in. -
Types of Foundations
Lecture Note COSC 421 1 (M.E. Haque) TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS Foundation Systems Shallow Foundation Deep Foundation Pile Foundation Pier (Caisson) Foundation Isolated spread Wall footings Combined Cantilever or footings footings strap footings Raft or Mat foundation Lecture Note COSC 421 2 (M.E. Haque) Shallow Foundations – are usually located no more than 6 ft below the lowest finished floor. A shallow foundation system generally used when (1) the soil close the ground surface has sufficient bearing capacity, and (2) underlying weaker strata do not result in undue settlement. The shallow foundations are commonly used most economical foundation systems. Footings are structural elements, which transfer loads to the soil from columns, walls or lateral loads from earth retaining structures. In order to transfer these loads properly to the soil, footings must be design to • Prevent excessive settlement • Minimize differential settlement, and • Provide adequate safety against overturning and sliding. Types of Footings Column Footing Isolated spread footings under individual columns. These can be square, rectangular, or circular. Lecture Note COSC 421 3 (M.E. Haque) Wall Footing Wall footing is a continuous slab strip along the length of wall. Lecture Note COSC 421 4 (M.E. Haque) Columns Footing Combined Footing Property line Combined footings support two or more columns. These can be rectangular or trapezoidal plan. Lecture Note COSC 421 5 (M.E. Haque) Property line Cantilever or strap footings: These are similar to combined footings, except that the footings under columns are built independently, and are joined by strap beam. Lecture Note COSC 421 6 (M.E. Haque) Columns Footing Mat or Raft Raft or Mat foundation: This is a large continuous footing supporting all the columns of the structure. -
Chapter 18 Soils and Foundations
18_OregonStruct_2014.fm Page 401 Wednesday, May 14, 2014 9:28 AM CHAPTER 18 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS SECTION 1801 state to practice as such. Such an evaluation and report GENERAL may require the services of persons especially qualified in 1801.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to fields of engineering seismology, earthquake geology or building and foundation systems. geotechnical engineering. 1801.2 Design basis. Allowable bearing pressures, allowable 1803.2.1 Tsunami inundation zone. Some new “essen- stresses and design formulas provided in this chapter shall be tial facilities” and some new “special occupancy struc- used with the allowable stress design load combinations tures” as defined in ORS 455.447 shall not be constructed specified in Section 1605.3. The quality and design of materi- in tsunami inundation zones established by the Depart- als used structurally in excavations and foundations shall ment of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI), comply with the requirements specified in Chapters 16, 19, unless specifically exempted by ORS 455.446 or given an 21, 22 and 23 of this code. Excavations and fills shall also exception by the DOGAMI governing board. See OAR comply with Chapter 33. Chapter 632, Division 5, adopted by DOGAMI for spe- cific provisions. Some other new “essential facilities,” other “special occupancy structures” and all new “hazard- SECTION 1802 ous facilities” and “major structures” defined in ORS DEFINITIONS 455.447 that are constructed in a tsunami inundation zone 1802.1 Definitions. The following words and terms are are mandated to seek advice from DOGAMI, but are not defined in Chapter 2: necessarily prohibited from tsunami inundation zones. -
Advanced Analysis of Shallow Foundations Located Near Slopes
University of Southern Queensland Faculty of Engineering and Surveying Advanced Analysis of Shallow Foundations Located Near Slopes A dissertation submitted by Renee Grace Peters In fulfilment of the requirements of Courses ENG4111 and ENG4112 towards the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (CIVIL) Submitted: November, 2011 Abstract The geotechnical problem of the rigid shallow foundation resting near a slope or cut is a problem that is commonly experienced within engineering practice. Due to the complex nature of sloped soil structures that are subjected to foundation loading, past numerical models have been based on simplified assumptions that propose to produce conservative results for bearing capacity. This project illustrates the use of explicit finite different software (FLAC) to numerically model and analyse the behaviours of slopes under foundation loading at an advanced level. The purpose of this research is to produce a qualitative set of results for the shallow rigid foundation resting near a slope and use them to validate the previous simplified numerical models of the foundation problem. The advanced FLAC models used to obtain results within this study have been validated against a number of available solutions. These included Explicit Finite Difference, Upper Bound – Lower Bound and physical model solutions. The focus of this study is to produce a weighted foundation and investigate the effects of foundation weight, the interface conditions between the rigid foundation base and underlying soil structure, discontinuous foundation punching into the soft clay material and large strain analysis of the model. In addition to the studies conducted for the advanced analysis of the shallow rigid foundation problem, analysis of static pseudo seismic foundations was conducted, to investigate the effects of earthquake-induced horizontal forces within the model. -
Innovative Shallow and Deep Foundations and Foundation Treatment in Soft Ground
Innovative Shallow and Deep Foundations and Foundation Treatment in Soft Ground Eun Chul Shin Prof. Incheon National University, Republic of Korea Vice president of ISSMGE for Asia Abstract It is a method to improve the soft ground and to separate the shallow foundation from the deep foundation, and introduces each case separately for honeycell, point foundation, and embankment support pile. Part 1 is about hexagonal concrete hollow block with a straw shape called honeycell. Replace the soft ground with crushed stone to fill the honeycell and install a shallow foundation. It can be said that it is the basic method which reduces the settlement amount and increases the bearing capacity of foundation. We analyze the support characteristics of honeycells by carrying out the plate loading test using the laboratory model soil, and introduce actual case construction examples. The point foundation of Part 2 is a method of shaping the top foundation, injecting the mortar mixed with cement and water in the soft clay soil, rotating the mixer, and mixing with stirring to form an upgrading body having a predetermined uniform strength in the soil layer. It is a method to secure the bearing capacity of low-rise structures. We analyzed the bearing capacity by field test, also introduce case studies. Part 3 analyzes the support performance of the soft ground by means of field pilot test with thegeosynthetic- reinforced supported pile of embankment 1. Honeycell (Shallow Foundation) 1.1 Introduction The hollow block is shaped like a hexagonal honeycomb shown is Fig.1.1. The honeycomb structure is the most economical structure for securing the maximum space with minimum material, and it is widely used in our daily life as a stable structure that distributes the force in a balanced manner. -
Numerical Modeling for Shallow Foundation Near Slope
Numerical Modeling for Shallow Foundation near Slope Mariam Baskharon A Thesis in The Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science (Civil Engineering) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada August 2019 © Mariam Baskharon, 2019 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Mariam Baskharon Entitled: Numerical Modeling for Shallow Foundation near Slope and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science (Civil Engineering) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: Chair, Examiner Dr. L. Lin Examiner Dr. G. Gouw External (to program) Examiner Dr. B. Li Co-Supervisor Dr. A. M. Hanna Co-Supervisor Dr. A. M. Zsaki Approved by Department of Building, Civil and Dr. M. Nokken, GPD Environmental Engineering Gina Cody School of Engineering and Dr. Amir Asif, Dean Computer Science August 2019 ii ABSTRACT Often developers build luxury buildings near shores, where foundations are built in or near slopes. Designers in this case face not only the determination of the bearing capacity and the settlement of the foundation but also the stability of a system made of foundation and slope. Design of foundation under these conditions is complex and the studies available in this regard are limited and concerned mostly about determination of the reduction of the bearing capacity coefficients associated with the presence of the slope except for Meyerhof who was a pioneer in developing a theory in 1957 to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation near a slope. -
MREI 12-01 – Geotechnical Guidelines for Sample Handling, Testing and Data Reporting
MREI 12-01 – Geotechnical Guidelines for Sample Handling, Testing and Data Reporting VTrans Materials & Research Engineering Instructions MREI 12-01 Distribution: Structures, Director PDD, Assistant Director PDD, PDD Section Managers, Chief of Contract Admin., Director Ops., Assistant Director Ops., Consultants. Approved: Date: 12-27-2012 William E. Ahearn, Materials and Research Engineer Subject: Geotechnical Guidelines to Standardize VTrans’ Sample Handling, Testing and Data Reporting Procedures Administrative Information: Effective Date: This Materials & Research Engineering Instruction (MREI) shall be considered effective from the date of approval. Superseded MREI: None Disposition of MREI Content: The content of this MREI will be incorporated into a future VTrans Soils & Foundations Engineering Manual. 1. PURPOSE: The purpose of this MREI is to standardize Geotechnical sample handling, testing and data reporting procedures performed at the Vermont Agency of Transportation, Materials & Research Laboratory. 2. TECHNICAL INFORMATION: In general, guidance outlined in Sections 9.0 and 10.0 of AASHTO Manual of Subsurface Investigations, 1988 and Section 4.12.2 of FHWA’s Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 5, GEC No. 5 shall be followed. Any specific guidance presented in this MREI that differs from these references shall take precedence. Page 1 of 20 MREI 12-01 – Geotechnical Guidelines for Sample Handling, Testing and Data Reporting 3. OVERVIEW: Handling of geotechnical samples from field to laboratory can be critical to the integrity of the material to be tested. Proper handling methods are addressed to assure the material to be tested yields meaningful and representative data. The means of identifying and tracking materials to be tested are identified allowing for a traceable record for each sample.