2Dseismicanalysis of Khushalgarh, Upper Indusbasin,Pakistan

2DSEISMICANALYSIS OF KHUSHALGARH, UPPER INDUSBASIN,PAKISTAN

A thesis submitted to Bahria university, Islamabad in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of B.S in Geophysics

NOUMAN SHABBIR

RIZWAN AHMED

SHURJEEL AHMAD

Department of Earth and Environment Sciences

Bahria University, Islamabad 2018

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the study is to evaluate hydrocarbon potential of the study area, in a part of Upper Indus Basin for delineation of potential leads for prospects. This has to be done by the analysis of 2D seismic data, which have been provided by Landmark, Pakistan with the permission of Directorate General of Petroleum Concessions, Islamabad, Pakistan. This data set comprises with 5 seismic lines.

This dissertation presents the 2D seismic interpretation of Khushalgarh area in Upper Indus Basin. The Area is related to the North Potwar Deformed Zone (NPDZ) as a part of active fold and thrust belt formed by the Indo-Eurasian plate collision. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the area to estimate the potential for discovery of hydrocarbons.

Data used for seismic interpretation consists of five seismic lines 86-Kh-16, 86-Kh-17, 86-Kh-18,86-Kh-19and 86-Kh-96. The tops of two reflectors have been marked on seismic section, namely Kohat and Kuldana Formations. As the study area lies in the compressional tectonic regime hence the interpreted faults were marked as thrust faults. So, Seismic analysis in this area shows the presence of pop-up anticline, which can act as a trap for hydrocarbon in this area, as it is underlain by a source and overlain by a seal as well as shown by borehole stratigraphy of Jalwal-01 well. The well was also drilled over this structure proving this pop-up structure a good structural trap.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All praise is due to Allah Almighty Who gave us strength and opportunity to complete this research work. We would like to express our deepest sense of gratitude to our supervisor Mr. Adil Naseer, Senior Lecturer, Earth and Environmental sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, for his supervision, consistent help, expert guidance and encouragement throughout the study. We are also thankful to him for trusting our own working style and giving us a free hand to progress through this research study.

We are quite obliged to Prof. Dr. Tahseen Ullah Khan, Head of Department Earth and Environmental sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad. We are also very grateful to Mr. Saqib Mehmood, Senior Assistant Professor, Earth and Environmental sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, for their helpful suggestions.

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii CONTENTS iii FIGURES v TABLES vi

CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Geographical Location of Khushalgarh 1 1.2 Objective of Research work 2 1.3 Available data set 2

CHAPTER 02 GEOLOGY AND TECTONICS 2.1 Regional Geology 4 2.2 Regional Tectonics 4

CHAPTER 03 STRATIGRAPHY 3.1 General stratigraphic succession of Khushalgarh 6 3.2 Borehole Stratigraphy 8 3.3 Petroleum prospect 8 3.3.1 Source Rocks in the Study Area 8 3.3.2 Reservoir Rock 8 3.3.3 Traps and Seals 8

CHAPTER 04 SEISMIC INTERPRETATION 4.1 Recording Parameters 10 4.1.1 Acquisition Parameters 10 4.1.2 Source Parameters of Seismic 11

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4.1.3 Receiver Parameters of Seismic Line 11 4.2 Methodology 11 4.3 Base map 13 4.4 T-D chart 13 4.5 Interpreted and Un-Interpreted seismic sections 14 4.6 Time Contour Map 19 4.7 Velocity Contour Maps 21 4.8 Depth Contour Maps 22

CONCLUSION 24 REFERENCES 25

FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Geographical location of Khushalgarh area 1 Figure 2.1 Tectonic map of the study area. 5 Figure 3.1 Stratigraphy of Kohat-Potwar area 7 Figure 4.1 Key steps for seismic interpretation 12 Figure 4.2 Base map indicating seismic lines of the study area 13 Figure 4.3 The time depth chart 14 Figure 4.4 Un-Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-96 14 Figure 4.5 Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-96 15 Figure 4.6 Un-Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-16 15 Figure 4.7 Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-16 16 Figure 4.8 Un-Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-17 16 Figure 4.9 Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-17 17 Figure 4.10 Un-Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-18 17 Figure 4.11 Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-18 18 Figure 4.12 Un-Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-19 18 Figure 4.13 Interpreted seismic Section 86-KH-19 19 Figure 4.14 Time contour map of Kohat Formation 20 Figure 4.15 Time contour map of Kuldana Formation 20 Figure 4.16 Velocities model of Kohat Formation 21 Figure 4.17 Velocities model of Kuldana Formation 22 Figure 4.18 Depth Contour Map of Kohat Formation 23 Figure 4.19 Depth Contour Map of Kuldana Formation 23

TABLES

Table 1.1 Line names and their orientation 2

Table 3.1 Borehole stratigraphic succession of Jalwal-01. 8

Table 4.1 Recording parameters of the study area 10

Table 4.2 Acquisition parameters of the study area 11

Table 4.3 Geophone interval and frequency used during acquisition 11