The UAWANUI Project Building a Shared Vision for Uawa / Tolaga Bay the Uawanui Project Hei Tahu Whakapapa Okuri

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre The UAWANUI Project Building a shared vision for Uawa / Tolaga Bay the Uawanui Project Hei Tahu Whakapapa Okuri

Paikea Ruakapanga Rongomaituaho Manunui Te Aomarama Ruatehohonu Tätaiarorangi Uwawekiuta Te Huapae Manawapau Te Rangihopukia Ngarangikokouri Te Rawheoro Hinehuhuritai Hauiti Tumaurirere Manutangirua Rongowhakaata Hingangaroa Iranui (w.2) Te Rāwheoro Hauiti Kahukuraiti

Puatai Hinemaurea Tamateapaia Rongotipare Hinekura Kahukuranui Pirau

Te Aowhirinaki Hinetamatea Tautini Puaiwhanake Tutaekaniwha Tamahuanoa Wakapawhero Angiangiterangi Tuterangikatipu Te Aotawarirangi Tuterangiatea Hinemaurea Te Rangitetakoria Te Rangitaumaru Ruataupare Te Amowhiu Wakarara Te Rangitaukiwaho Okuri Mariu Te Rangipureora Mahuika AParuaotaina Te Amowhiu Ruamanawahonu Hinetamatea

The whakapapa above shows the genealogical link between the ancestors and marae of Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti. It traces from Paikea to Hingangaroa and his son Hauiti. It also shows the descent from Ruakapanga to Kahukuraiti who married Hauiti. Ruakapanga is the ancestral name of the Wharenui on Hauiti marae and Hingangaroa is the ancestor who established the whare wananga Te Rawheoro, after which the modern day marae Te Rawheoro is called. Hauiti is the eponymous ancestor from who Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti (The Descendants of Hauiti) take their name. Te Amowhiu is the Wharenui at Puketawai Marae and Hinetamatea is the ancestral meeting house at Anaura Bay. Hinemaurea is the Wharenui at Mangatuna and is often called Hinemaurea ki Mangatuna. In close proximity is Okuri Wharenui which is on Okuri Marae. 2 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre This project has arisen from a desire by Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti and the community of Uawa / Tolaga Bay to build a shared vision for the management of their Uawa catchment and coastline. It is driven by a commitment to enhance the environment, community and economy of Uawa / Tolaga Bay for future generations. The key components of this project include:

Uawanui Vision – The landmarks to guide us to our shared future He Manawa Whenua – He Oranga Tangata Te Aitanga a Hauiti and the Community of Uawa / Tolaga Healthy Environment - Healthy People AllAn Wilson Centre | te AitAngA-A-HAuiti | uAWA tolAgA BAy Community

Nature is valued throughout Uawa and is woven through the landscape as Steep and unstable parts of the upper catchment are protected by a network of habitat areas, linkages and supportive agriculture and forestry The UAWANUI ProjecT plantation and native forests that reduce erosion and provide healthy production systems water sources Building a shared vision for Uawa / Tolaga Bay Bay have developed a shared vision for the future of Uawa The high quality natural Land is used wisely, with long term sustainable production matched to soils, environment and cultural heritage erosion and underlying land capability of Uawa are key to our identity and are managed to retain their value We undertake life- long learning to provide a well educated, thoughtful, creative and motivated people who manage our land, water and coastal resources wisely and innovate to generate on-going prosperity / Tolaga bay. It identifies our long term vision and the prin-

Native plants, animals and ecosystems, from the hills to the coast, are well understood and managed to support long term sustainable food gathering ciples or landmarks that will guide us toward it. The vision

Understanding, dialogue, We utilise our own knowledge and building relationships and relationships but also foster external collaboration bind together a links to science, innovation and markets strong Uawa community and to generate prosperity for the community extend its network nationally and internationally

The health of people is supported by their access to clean water, high quality local food and healthy lifestyle poster and this booklet document the vision.

Everyone who lives and works in the catchment is acknowledged for their role in enhancing the health of the environment and downstream water quality

There are profitable businesses that are stable and resilient, providing long term economic benefit to their owners and the whole community

We celebrate our dual heritage and share a future that builds on the values and strengths of our different cultures

A shared vision for Uawa / Tolaga Bay was developed by Te Aitanga a Hauiti and the Community of Uawa Te AiTAngA-A-HAuiTi | uAwA TolAgA BAy CommuniTy | AllAn wilson CenTre / Tolaga Bay. It identifies our long term vision and the principles and landmarks that will guide us Action on the ground – Individual projects form the strands of a net of action At the same time as the big picture is developed there

ALLAN WILSON CENTRE | TE AITANGA-A-HAUITI | UAWA TOLAGA BAY COMMUNITY UAWANUI A RUAMATUA must be real projects on the ground to demonstrate what RIVERBANK RESTORATION A Guide for Built-up Areas the vision means in practice, and to build knowledge and collaboration. Initial actions include preparing a riverbank restoration guide, and early implementation of restoration action plans for the school riverbank area and Kaitawa Estuary.

The Uawanui Governance Group has been formed to support Uawanui Governance Group – and oversee collaboration around this shared vision The governance group is responsible for representing the range of interests across Te Aitanga a Hauiti and the Uawa Tolaga Bay Community. This initial group will evolve to ensure that all interests are represented in the ongoing and collaborative implementation of the vision.

Uawanui Governance Group: Kelly Blackman, Jock Walker, Victor Walker (Chairperson), Lorraine Tuapawa, Mere Tamanui, Bridget Parker, Nathan Foote Karla Kohatu and Mihi Kutia.

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 3 Transit of Venus Commemoration 6 June 2012 the Uawanui Project • Tolaga Bay hosts hundreds to view On-going discussions and the Transit of Venus engagement with community • Participants in the transit of • Discussions are held with Venus celebrations undertake Timeline restoration planting individuals and groups across different land communities • Riverbank restoration guide • Interest in riverbank restoration is launched through built up area – Riverbank • The Uawanui Exhibition at Tolaga restoration guide drafted Bay School showcases student • Science wananga is held for images from the catchment building secondary school students, linked to understanding around the project Uawanui Project • Transit of Venus forum in Gisborne 2004 • School photography class over next two days reinforces the captures images of people in the importance of the ideas behind Uawanui landscape the Uawanui Project and the Uawa / Tolaga Bay example is regularly

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school students focus on transit of Venus, a u l winning Royal Society prize n What about ecological restoration u a T i V h s • 2004 Transit of Venus trip to UK and at Uawa / Tolaga Bay? Approach to AWC P s e l r i U il relationships with Royal Society and o t a k Te Aitanga a Hauiti and the local community request j a w S Kew Gardens ec h a g assistance from Allan Wilson Centre work on ecological t g W nui din restoration – towards... T Un in Pro Buil • Relationship established with H derstand 12 ject E T 0 Allan Wilson Centre ra 6, 2 • Lasting, holistic approach ns ne it of Venus - Ju • Bringing together environment, community and economy • Catchment scale • Long term vision – what can we achieve by the time of the next transit of Venus, in 100 years?

4 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Develop ongoing relationships Vision and communication • An overarching vision of He Manawa Whenua • Development of Memorandum of – He Oranga Tangata (Healthy Environment – Understanding with Allan Wilson Centre Healthy People) is established Capacity building and implementation • Developing ongoing relationships and • A series of guiding principles or “landmarks” • Governance group established communication towards this vision are identified • Fencing around Kaitawa Estuary • Building partnerships for funding and • Drafts of vision poster are developed • Initial research priorities identified and other support and refined working with AWC and others to establish • Implementing a range of projects in line • A pictorial booklet is developed, giving an research projects with vision overview of the project and information on land • Developing training approaches – building • Governance group developing community values, vision and opportunities on EIT horticulture training communication approach • Implementing a range of projects in line with vision

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h n is u V N e i P m o r r v 12 e oj te m 20 U ect ng ber 30, Lo a d w e a u l n u a Action plans T i V h s P s e l r i • Work undertaken with Hauiti U il o at a Sk je h and Mangaheia Incorporations wa g ct W to identify environmental n in U ng ui P ild TH nde ndi 2 management opportunities roject Bu E rsta 01 Tr , 2 an e 6 • Restoration action plan prepared for sit o - Jun f Venus Kaitawa Estuary • Restoration action plan prepared for school riverbank

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 5 In 2012 a group of senior students from Tolaga Bay Area School were engaged to provide images. While shunning the prospect of photographing landscapes devoid of people, the students willingly provided an outstanding range of images capturing the people of Uawanui engaged in the activities that support their lives. Many of these images appear in this booklet. They tell us a lot about what matters in this place, what the people care about, and where the shared community vision might be.

6 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Students of Tolaga Bay Area School were involved in a science wananga over 3 days in 2012 that linked to the Uawanui Project. Students prepared “cultural maps” of their place – highlighting a fascinating collection of values, issues, and ideas. The insight, thoughtfulness and humour of these young people has enriched and informed understanding of what is important and what is valued.

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 7 the Uawanui Project Understanding Uawanui

Discussions with a wide range of groups and Land use capability individuals during the course of this project This classification system has been used in have been informed by mapped information New Zealand for decades and is a valuable covering a broad range of resources. land planning tool. It uses an 8 class system Discussions have also been informed by the with increasing limitation on sustainable experiences and knowledge of the many who productive use moving from class 1 to 8. have participated. It has become clear that the health and status of indigenous biodiversity Class 1-4 land is potentially suitable for is inseparable from the health of all natural cropping and horticulture. The flats in the systems and the health of the people and lower Uawa are Class 1-4 land. They are communities they serve. By building an versatile and support a range of cropping inclusive vision, one that is responsive to the and horticultural uses. The flats cover a needs of all living things, including people, it relatively small area, some 8000 ha, or becomes possible to gain a commitment to around 14% of a total catchment area immediate care. In defining a future we can see of 56,000 ha. The intensively cropped where to start and why it matters. flats are however likely to generate a While the interests of the various individuals major portion of the economic wealth and groups who participated varied for the catchment. They are an economic enormously, both in scope and substance, powerhouse for the community. there were many common themes that crossed Class 5-6 land, while not able to be the boundaries of land ownership and culture. cropped sustainably, is well suited to Boundaries are not solid, but rather blur and pastoral farming. Land in this class overlap. Waterways flow down from the hills to covers around 14,000 ha, or 25% of the the sea and water supports many lives. Uawanui catchment, and is predominantly on encompasses the coast and the narrow range of Land Use easier slopes to the south. eastern hills from around Anaura Bay south to Capability Class Class 7 land is limited and low producing the coastline of Titirangi. 1 for pastoral farming, often with major 2 erosion issues. It is best suited to a 3 forest cover. The largest portion of the 4 catchment is class 7 land, some 32,000 ha 5 or 57% of the catchment. Class 8 land includes cliffs and rocky 6 areas best managed for biodiversity, soil 7 and water protection under conservation 8 management. There are some 1200 ha, or 2% of the catchment, in class 8.

8 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre The Uawanui Project maps provide a summary of some of the resources that are key to the area. Information on land use capability – defining what uses the land can sustain in the long term, current land use, elevation / topography and archaeological sites all provide useful understanding of the landscape. A shared understanding of what makes up the landscape of this area is essential to being able to discuss its long term management.

The land cover The land cover shown is from the 2002 land cover database satelite imagery (LCDB2). This shows a catchment with around 22,400 ha or 40% of its area in exotic forest. The location of forestry landcover appears to be broadly matched to the land use capability class 7 land. Around 20,200 ha, 36%, is in pasture and 10,500 ha, 19% in native scrub including manuka and kanuka. Mature native forest covers only 700 hectares or 1% of the catchment.

Land Cover

Urban Area Bare Ground Coastal Sand Inland Water Primarily Horticulture Primarily Pastoral Tussock Grassland Inland Wetland Coastal Wetland Scrub Planted Forest and Shelterbelts Willows and Poplars Indigenous Forest

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 9 Elevation Land in the catchment rises from sea level to almost 700 m in the headwaters. Flats in the valley bottoms are very low lying with around 8000 ha (14% of the catchment) of land less than 50m above sea level. As a result, the Uawa River is tidal for almost 10km Inland from the sea.

Elevation (M)

1 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 200 200 - 300 300 - 400 400 - 500 500 - 600 600 - 700 700 - 800 800 - 900 900 - 1,000 1,000 - 1,100 1,100 - 1,200 1,200 - 1,300 1,300 - 1,400 1,400 - 1,500 1,500 - 3,700

10 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Archaeological sites The sites presented are publicly identified sites. They give an indication of the distribution of historic activity by Māori. This appears to align closely with the easier north facing land in the south of the catchment and the better quality land along the river valley.

Archaeological Sites

Waahi Tapu Archaeological Areas Historic Archaeological Sites Heritage Alert

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 11 the Uawanui Project The shared vision for Uawanui

Uawanui has a rich cultural heritage. This is reflected in the land and the people who sustain the memories of their place in it. The special and unique heritage of Uawanui has been shaped first by the culture of Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti and subsequently by the dreams and aspirations of Europeans. The defining event in this evolving relationship was the positive interaction between the people of Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti and the crew of the Endeavour in 1769. The first Europeans recognised a sophisticated culture supporting a healthy and creative people. The observations of the crew of the endeavour are clearly captured in such statements as; “Throughout all of this district the people seemed free from apprehension and as in a state of profound peace; their cultivations were far more numerous and larger than we saw them anywhere else, and they had a far greater quantity of fine boats, fine cloths, fine carved work; in short the people were far more numerous and lived in far greater affluence than any others we saw.” Subsequent early observations have identified “Altogether the resources in the bay were rich and relatively compact, thus providing a strong economic base for the many sub-groupings of TeAitanga-a-Hauiti.”

The observations of Cook and his crew must surely have of what is now Uawa / Tolaga Bay. The health of this economy been inspirational for the Europeans who followed soon is inseparable from the health of the land, the water and the after. The first European settlers were quick to recognise the people who live in this place. cues provided by the enterprise of Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti in Discussion with both individuals and groups informing the their cultivations and judicious use of resources. A shared process associated with the Uawanui project have identified future building on a dual heritage had begun. strong shared values to shape a vision that is shared by the The complex patterns of use across the landscape we whole community. see today reflect an evolving relationship between land The relationship to the place of Uawa / Tolaga Bay and the and people. The endeavours of farmers, foresters and many aspects of a future vision that have been identified by Te others have radically altered earlier patterns of resource use. Aitanga-a-Hauiti and the Uawa / Tolaga Bay community are The production of food and wood now drives the economy depicted in the following poster…

12 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre He Manawa Whenua – He Oranga Tangata Healthy Environment - Healthy People

The high quality natural Land is used wisely, with long term sustainable production matched to soils, environment and cultural heritage erosion and underlying land capability of Uawa are key to our identity and are managed to retain their value We undertake life- long learning to provide a well educated, thoughtful, creative and motivated people who manage our land, water and coastal resources wisely and innovate to generate on-going prosperity

Native plants, animals and ecosystems, from the hills to the coast, are well understood and managed to support long term sustainable food gathering

The health of people is supported by their access to clean water, high quality local food and healthy lifestyle

Everyone who lives and works in the catchment is acknowledged for their role in enhancing the health of the environment and downstream water quality

There are profitable businesses that are stable and resilient, providing long term economic benefit to their owners and the whole community

We celebrate our dual heritage and share a future that builds on the values and strengths of our different cultures

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 13 the Uawanui Project Steepland upper catchment land communities The steep and erosion prone land of the upper catchment, much of which is now covered in plantation forest. The land resources, influences of terrain, soil type, coastline – and the relationship to where people have settled and still live - come together to form “land communities”. These communities are all part of the Uawa / Tolaga Bay community, but they are distinguished by particular areas of interest, aspirations, land management issues and/ or community development challenges. The shared vision for Uawanui / Tolaga Bay, as represented by the Uawanui Project, is an amalgam of the values and aspirations of these various land communities. These land communities are not delineated by hard boundaries; they overlap at the edges where one merges into another. However within the land communities interests tend to cluster around particular values. The different communities are briefly described on these pages. The following sections detail the values, future aspirations, and opportunities identified from discussions with people in each land community. Uawa flats The highly fertile flats of the lower Uawa River. Their fertility and climate allows high yield cropping of sweetcorn, squash, maize and other crops. Orcharding and viticulture have also been important in the past.

14 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Coastline and coastal hills The dramatic and rich coastline from north of Anaura Bay, south to around Waihau Bay. It includes the short coastal catchments draining directly to the sea and the community of Anaura.

Good hill country These hills are predominantly around the south east of the catchment, closer to Uawa / Tolaga Bay. They are often north facing and provide productive hill country pastoral farming.

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti and the Uawa / Tolaga Bay Community Encompasses the tribal grouping of Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti and the people that live in and around the more densely populated lower valley settlement of Tolaga Bay.

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 15 Land Community Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti and the Values

Uawa / Tolaga Bay Community The things we value most • Dual heritage – shared future relationship developed through Transit of Venus commemoration • Very rich Māori and Pākehā heritage – Marae, Wānanga, wharf, ferry etc • Ability to link back to past – traditional arts, Whare- wānanga, Cook history • Connection to the place: - Maunga, Awa, Marae as central - Strong Whānau Feel - everyone is connected - Whakapaupakihi - Net of Hauiti • Organisations building links and creating a network to support people – Hauora, School etc • Church and religion • River runs through the town – everyone links to awa • People living outside Uawa have a strong connection back • Strong relationships with outside organisations • Soils and climate to grow our own food • Access to culturally important food resources and other resources such as flax • Lots of food around – fruit trees, fish, seafood, mussels, kina, paua, pigs, deer, eels, whitebait, crayfish • Water is crucial – high value – includes support of tuna, whitebait, flounder etc Pride and sense • Coastline is important- beautiful beaches, surfing, of community kaimoana, Uawatiaki tai • Employment on farms and in forests • EIT education providing local training opportunities • Multi talented coasties: - Kapahaka, Arts, Waiata, performance – fantastic talent • Pride and sense of community

16 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Future

How would we like the future to be? • We are well educated, thoughtful, creative, and motivated people able to manage land, water and coastal resources wisely and innovate to generate ongoing prosperity • The strength and inclusiveness of our community are recognised and respected • Our history in the Uawa is recognised and the many special resources, sites, and places of importance to our identity are cared for and respected • We celebrate our dual heritage and share a future that builds on the values and strengths of our different cultural perspectives, our land, and our water • We live in a stunning natural environment and our stewardship of the environment is nationally respected Our community cares for its children and the • Our businesses are profitable and provide economic benefit to their owners and the community health and wellbeing of the environment that • Our community cares for its children and the health and wellbeing of the environment that supports us all supports us all • Life long learning and education is practiced so that people have the skills and knowledge to engage in social, cultural, and economic activities that sustain themselves and their community • We are open to new ideas and cultivate links to the wider world in order to gain access to science and innovation as well as evolving markets and economic opportunities

17 Opportunities

To work toward this vision • Strengthening the connections between education and land management in the catchment (allowing people to build skills but stay directly connected) • Developing skills around technology and land use • Raising awareness of the significance of science and the opportunities it provides • Build links to local education opportunities – EIT, Wananga, cadetships with land industries • Build skills and knowledge around rongoa • Rebuilding links with the river through riverbank restoration – ecological and cultural • Enhancing biodiversity within the community so people see and experience native birds and plants • Rebuild function of wananga – learning about projects etc • Continued opportunity for people who have missed out on education so far – applied polytech courses etc • Conscious management of food gathering resources to build skills and provide opportunities for all – shellfish, fish, puha etc • Support for vegetable gardens/horticultural crops • Greater involvement in water sports etc to enhance health etc • Walking links to and from the township – making Enhancing biodiversity Tolaga a place to stop as the centre of wider walking and within the community cultural experiences so people see and • Interpretation of rich cultural and historic heritage – experience native birds acknowledging and promoting this and using it to strengthen local sense of identity and connection (Visitors to Tolaga Bay and plants currently get little direction to any of its rich history) • Building a link between the long term vision / direction of the community and applied science to support this • Building relationships with key players in the catchment to build shared responsibility for environmental outcomes Working together rather than arguing • Collaboration and shared governance to achieve more for everyone

18 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Case study

Uawanui a Ruamatua – Riverbank Restoration Guide: Landowners around the built up areas of the Uawa / Tolaga Bay River and others in the Uawa / Tolaga Bay community identified an early interest in “getting stuck in” around this section of the river to restore the riverbank areas. A restoration guide has been prepared for this area encompassing both ecological and cultural values. Land owners and marae are taking the first steps to implement this work. School riverbank restoration: Early plantings occurred adjacent to the school as part of the Transit of Venus commemoration. This initial work is now being incorporated into an action plan for an expanded area beside the school where weed control, planting and construction of a riverbank pathway are being undertaken. This work is being integrated with an Eastern Institute of Technology course and school involvement.

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 19 Land Community Steepland upper catchment Values

The things we value most • Large scale of forest area means that ongoing employment provided for local contractors or workers in silviculture, roading and harvesting • There is significant economic input from forestry to the wider community – recent figures suggest more than 1 in 4 households in the East Coast region have a person whose job is dependent on forestry • Steep upper catchment areas are critical for managing downstream impacts of storm events • Almost all of steep areas are in forest cover • Forest cover has brought greater stability to the catchment compared with pasture – reduced sedimentation and increased resilience to major storm events • Forests buffer flood flows for intermediate storm events • Low chemical use (herbicide and fertiliser) by forestry means low chance of contaminated run off • There are unplanted gully bottom areas and scrub and bush remnants in forestry areas that provide significant biodiversity • Forestry health and safety requirements for random drug testing mean that local forestry workers are the nucleus of a drug free culture • Forests provide opportunity for hunting and recreation Almost all of steep areas are in forest cover

20 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Future

How would we like the future to be? • Forestry is a profitable business in the catchment providing economic benefit for its owners and to local contractors and employees • Steep upper catchment areas are in plantation and native forest cover that continues to benefit downstream areas through reduced sedimentation and buffering of intermediate flood flows • The contribution forest landowners and managers make to environmental quality and downstream values is recognised and valued by the wider community • Forestry health and safety requirements including random drug testing mean that local forestry workers and their families are the nucleus of a healthy, drug free, and safe culture • Forests of the upper catchment continue to provide opportunity for hunting and recreation

Forestry is a profitable business in the catchment providing economic benefit for its owners and to local contractors and employees

21 Opportunities Increased productivity, safety and environmental To work toward this vision performance in • Increased productivity, safety and environmental steep slope harvesting performance in steep slope harvesting through through improved skills improved skills and machinery and machinery • Continue to actively engage with the wider community to improve understanding of the importance of forest cover in steepland areas for soil and water protection • Using the wider catchment level approach to sustainability and high social and cultural performance to support marketing, environmental certification (FSC) etc • Development of additional markets for waste material through bioenergy systems, where profitable – reducing steepland slash disposal problems around landings and utilising local energy transmission infrastructure • Reduced impact from forest roading in the second rotation as the road network is already established • Rationalising planting boundaries in second rotation to establish permanent native or other vegetation in difficult to harvest and low production / low return areas – e.g. steep gullies • Enhanced approach to management of slash – utilising research work at a regional and national level • Coordination of pest and weed control programmes – working in with wider regional / council and catchment biodiversity objectives, potentially providing greater habitat and increase in populations of native bird and plant species

22 Case study

Protecting the environment and wild life is high in the minds of all people working in the forest. At all levels in the industry commitment is made to manage the estate in such a way so as to minimise things like soil erosion, a major issue in most of the Gisborne region including Uawa, protect indigenous flora and fauna and ensure water quality is maintained. Balanced against that is the equally important task of providing jobs and careers so people can live in an area like Uawa and provide properly for their families. That also brings with it all the other social benefits, schools, shops, a good rugby team and all the other groups where people get together and enjoy social activities. Without thriving and diverse industries that becomes very difficult. Farming, horticulture, viticulture, forestry, and others, must all play their part in providing sustainable work. Forestry is a major part of that equation. Most people who work in forestry do so because of their love of the outdoors and that usually means they are the sort of people who see the need to look after it. Modern forestry practices are very different from those used a decade or so ago, things have improved a lot. Foresters have to think long term; it takes thirty years for all their hard work to come to fruition, so they are in it for the long haul. Forestry provides many benefits, it protects the steep erosion prone hill country, it moderates the water runoff which helps reduce the effects of storm events, it assists with water quality and it provides work which means people can live in Uawa and enjoy the magnificent climate. - Trevor Helson, CEO Eastland Wood Council

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 23 Land Community Coastline & Coastal Hills Values

The things we value most • Source of kaimoana for local community • Threatened or rare plant species remain in steep areas – e.g. kaka beak, may be others • High biodiversity restoration potential – e.g. seabirds – titi, possible tuatara on offshore islands • Major diversity of landscapes over short distance – rock stacks, steep cliffs, small valleys • Dramatic and high quality landscape of national / international quality • High density of cultural and archaeological sites • Very strong Iwi cultural connection to coast • Includes sites that are part of national identity through first positive contact with James Cook and crew of Endeavour – Anaura and Tolaga Bay, Cooks Cove etc • Historic wharves and coastal shipping history • Commercial fishing • Recreational fishing High biodiversity • Estuary and tidal reaches of streams provide whitebait, restoration potential – e.g. flounder and bird life seabirds– titi, possible • Short, small catchments, some with reasonable tuatara on offshore islands woody vegetation cover, means there is greater potential for restoration • New Zealanders know key locations e.g. Tolaga Bay, Cooks Cove, Anaura Bay - these are iconic destinations • Remote and undeveloped environment – with limited vehicle access – gives high quality natural experience and character

24 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Future

How would we like the future to be? • Landscapes and seascapes are nationally recognised for their outstanding natural character , beauty, and rich cultural history • A diversity of native plants and animals flourish in the coastal and marine environments • The high quality coastal fishery is understood, respected and wisely managed to allow careful and sustained harvest • Sites such as Cooks Cove and Anaura Bay are nationally recognised as the site of first positive contact between Māori and European and are places where we can celebrate our national identity • Visitors are able to experience the history, culture and unique environment of the Uawa coastline through direct and informed engagement with people and places

A diversity of native plants and animals flourish in the coastal and marine environments

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 25 Opportunities

To work toward this vision • Fisheries research and management mechanisms are developed • Small catchment restoration is implemented linking coastal vegetation, protection of coastal ecosystems and well managed agricultural production • Coordinated and landscape scale pest control through the coastal area to support native plant and animal life • Cultural pathways, use of cultural resources such as flax – reinforce the stories and attachment of Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti to the place • Reintroduction of threatened species on offshore islands and managed mainland areas e.g. titi (grey faced petrel), tuatara • Develop opportunities for low impact high value tourism potentially involving walking and overnight stays through the area with links to places that foster cultural understanding • Coordinated and linked ecological and cultural restoration incorporating Cooks Cove, Tolaga Bay, Anaura Bay and the wider area

Reintroduction of threatened species on offshore islands and managed mainland areas

26 Case study

Hauiti and Mangaheia Incorporations: The project team has been collaborating with the Hauiti and Mangaheia Incorporations as key partners in the long term implementation of work on the ground that supports the Uawa / Tolaga Bay vision. These Incorporations have around 5,500 hectares of land that includes a sequence from steeper hill country to rolling hills and fertile cropping land on the Uawa / Tolaga Bay flats. Their land also contains the Kaitawa Estuary and culturally significant Opoutama, Cook’s Cove and Titirangi. The Incorporations operate one of the largest Māori-owned cropping enterprises in New Zealand. They are keen to further develop environmental stewardship of their land. They have worked with the Allan Wilson Centre to complete an initial environmental scoping across their lands and an action plan for restoration of the ecologically important Kaitawa Estuary. Work to complete fencing around the Estuary has commenced. A range of steps to restore the Estuary, including weed control, planting and predator trapping are being considered in future plans. Further development of a wider strategy of ecological and cultural restoration across the incorporations is being considered. The Allan Wilson Centre is working with the Incorporations to develop these ideas.

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 27 Land Community Uawa Flats Values

The things we value most • High quality soils – fertile and flat • Maintaining high water quality is key • Opportunity for a wide range of production – crops (maize, sweet corn, squash etc), citrus, pasture – stock finishing • Experienced farmers who understand constraints of climate, soil, markets etc and how to farm within these constraints • Strong goodwill between landowners. Has a community feel and understanding of need to work together and support each other through difficult times – e.g. bola flood damage • Incorporations and families with long term link to the place – multi generation • Relatively few large landowners making it easy to collaborate • Flats largely concentrated in one area and are close to Tolaga Bay township • Slightly higher rainfall than Poverty Bay flats • High quality natural environment • Māori cultural quality • Tidal waterways with whitebait and a range of marine and freshwater fish species • Some small native forest remnants remain High quality soils – fertile and flat

28 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Future

How would we like the future to be? • An enduring community is present that has strong pride in its environment and people, that protects what it has and what it is • Farm businesses are profitable, providing economic benefit for their owners and the community • Farm systems use a range of land management approaches and produce a range of products that make them resilient to changing markets and climate • Long term land management by people committed to the local area supports collaboration and builds on past experience • Wise use and management of land improves economic Farm businesses are returns and supports a network of healthy waterways profitable, providing and native vegetation remnants economic benefit for their • Well educated, thoughtful, creative and motivated owners and people are available in the local area to help farm the community businesses manage land resources wisely and innovate to provide ongoing prosperity

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 29 Opportunities

To work toward this vision • Collaboration to develop - Markets - Relevant science and research projects - Training and development for local staff and contractors • Develop high value markets based on marketing a strong brand around environmental performance and community / cultural values • Market pressures mean ongoing reduction in chemical use will be required – potential to develop high quality low input farming systems to satisfy a range of markets • Enhancing biodiversity through restoration around waterways – without impacting on farm production • Working with upper catchment forest owners to ensure healthy incoming water quality and maintain flood protection effects of forests • Water harvesting and use within small local catchments • Stock exclusion, weed and pest control within lowland forest remnants on flats

Stock exclusion, weed and pest control of lowland forest remnants on flats

30 Case study

Kiwi Organics operates the Broadlands the opportunity for our community to share our experience with Farm on the Uawa Flats, probably the members of the Allan Wilson Centre who have helped us build a vision for the 21st Century. We are embracing the challenges largest organic cropping enterprise in the this poses. Our community has air, water, soils, mountains, and country. Kiwi Organics recognises that people that are truly clean and green. This is our future. As caring for the health of their consumers farmers who respect, care for, and protect our environment we speak with pride about what we achieve past, present and future. in offshore markets means caring for the As Kiwi Organics we can offer no better example than our QEII 16 health of the environment that produces ha forest covenant with trees over 600 years old, protected for 20 their food. Global consumers are engaging years from stock degradation. “Our third generation family business has nearly a decade of with local communities in a shared future, experience working with people around the globe in the food a future that delivers high quality food industry. Ours is a young enterprise many can boast of more from healthy environments. than 6 generations of family ownership, and when it comes to questions of ‘traceability’ it doesn’t get much better than that! As Bridget Parker, Director of Kiwi Organics Ltd in “In recent years the messages received from our consumers Tolaga Bay says; “We are fortunate in that we live in a very have been changing. Today our customers care much more special place where people really care about the soil, about the big picture. They are educated global thinkers food, air, water and lifestyle. Most of all we care about who can easily access what really matters. They love New each other and this is evolving with the generations living Zealand and everything we stand for. However, we must not here. We share a joint future. become complacent. Our company grows, processes and exports gluten “Our family story from the East Coast, along with the stories of free certified organic corn/maize based products. Kiwi many others here, answers the questions of consumers who care; Organics is vertically integrated. • Is this food healthy? Is it good for me? “ We farm on the world class fertile soils of the Uawa • Is this food sustainably grown? How? district, nestled within Turanganui-a Kiwa, Gisborne, East Coast NZ. • Is this food safe for my family? “We have very successful Māori Corporation Farming • Is this food GMO free? on neighbouring land. They are truly forward thinkers, • Is this food traceable? exploring opportunities globally. High volumes of For Kiwi Organics the answers are Yes… Yes… and….Yes!” Maize, squash, sweetcorn, and peas have been produced Today Kiwi Organics Gluten Free, Vegetarian, Vegan and on these extremely fertile soils for many years, and Certified Organic Products are hugely popular because they distributed throughout the world. They have moves afoot answer all the questions. The Polenta, Corn flour, Popcorn, Corn to broaden their markets even further with sheep, beef Grits and also the beef and lamb from Uawa are now consumed and other produce. We have been fortunate in having around the world.

31 Land Community Uawa good hill country Values

The things we value most • Best land types have very productive pastures • Moderate terrain • Off flats so not such a flooding issue • Land price not too high – allows entry • Archaeological sites particularly around southern area • Good aspect – warm north facing slopes in some areas • Native bush and scrub remnants in some areas • Farmers present with long term link to the place, including Māori incorporations

Best land types have very productive pastures

32 Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre Future

How would we like the future to be? • Land based businesses are profitable, providing economic benefit for their owners and the community • Farm systems use a range of land management approaches and produce a range of products to spread risk and make them resilient to changing markets and climate • Exotic and native trees and shrubs protect soils on steep slopes, ensure high downstream water quality and habitat for native plants and animals • Wise land use, including mixed land use with areas of pasture and areas of trees where they are most suited – not all forest or all pasture • The contribution landowners and managers make to environmental quality and downstream values is recognised and valued by the wider community • A framework of native vegetation is built through the farm and forest landscape

A framework of native vegetation is built through the farm and forest landscape

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 33 Opportunities

To work toward this vision • Promote whole farm planning to ensure the right mix of forest, native regeneration, pasture, and forestry • Establish farm discussion group focused on land management • Work with others to obtain marketing advantage from product branding linked to high local environmental and social/cultural performance • Examine tourism opportunities within land businesses • Monitoring of water quality through the catchment • Join with other land managers to identify training and development needs for local staff, contractors and technical support • Promote the importance of soil and water values in upper catchments and ensure that farmers are supported in their efforts to build resilience into their farming activities

Establishing farm discussion group focused on land management

34 Case study

Graeme Williams and his partner Derry East Coast Balance Farm Environment Awards. Amongst Stovell farm 800 hectares of steep hill other things that impressed judges was the use of willows as a “living hay barn” to feed stock in dry conditions. country in the upper Uawa catchment. “Through planting the trees we’ve been able to successfully When Graeme’s parents, Ralph and Margaret- farm it and we make a good living off the place. Ann, bought Mangaroa Station in 1961 the property “If we didn’t plant the trees, we wouldn’t have a farm.” was badly eroded and not a single tree had been Graeme is a well known local poet and comic entertainer planted. They quickly set about planting trees to help and sums up some of his ideas in the following poem. prevent erosion. The Williams family have planted Well I’m certainly not a tree-hugger, 58,000 trees on Mangaroa, mainly Yunnanensis poplar But the drought has made me think, and Matsudana willow. These species don’t require That a lot of us with Nature, sleeve protection because their rough bark is less Are somewhat out of sync palatable to cattle. These trees provide shelter and Stock of course, like humans shade for stock, and emergency fodder in a drought. Know exactly what they need Graeme says the efforts of his parents have “come And we should stop and think of them to fruition”, proving a two-tier system of trees and And take a little heed livestock is financially and environmentally viable. We have fridges in the summer The farming operation involves extensive grazing And heaters for the cold and keeps costs down. Creating a resilient landscape Trees provide both for them that looks after stock health while running an efficient So they too can fit the mould low cost operation have enabled the farm to stay viable Cockies in my opinion through a range of challenging farming conditions. Should practice what they preach Many of Graeme Williams’ farming Those without stock shade decisions are based on what’s good for the Shouldn’t be under a brolly at the beach land and the stock, not for the wallet. And in the middle of winter But, says Graeme, experience has shown When she’s as cold as a froggies tit that what’s good for the land and the stock Out in the shelterless paddocks follows to be good for the wallet too. Is exactly where they should sit Mangaroa won a Gisborne district farm environment award in 2005, and two category awards in the 2013

Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti | Uawa Tolaga Bay Community | Allan Wilson Centre 35 Prepared by Peter Handford and Clive Anstey, Groundtruth | Designed by Loudhailer Design

Images for this publication have been generously provided by many people supporting the Uawanui Project including students and staff of Tolaga Bay Area School, Groundtruth Ltd, the Gisborne Photo News, Peter Andrew, Bridget Parker, Alton Perrie, and the Okuri Marae Chairperson March 2014