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Decolonization, Indigenous Internationalism, and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples
Decolonization, Indigenous Internationalism, and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples by Jonathan Crossen A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2014 ©Jonathan Crossen 2014 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This dissertation investigates the history of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP) and the broader movement of Indigenous internationalism. It argues that Indigenous internationalists were inspired by the process of decolonization, and used its logic to establish a new political identity. The foundation of the WCIP helped create a network of Indigenous peoples that expressed international solidarity between historically unconnected communities. The international efforts of Indigenous activists were encouraged both by personal experiences of international travel and post-secondary education, and by the general growth of international non-governmental organizations during the late twentieth century. The growing importance of international non-governmental organizations helped the WCIP secure funding from international developmental aid agencies, a factor which pushed the organization to increase its focus on apolitical economic development relative to the anti-colonial objectives which inspired its foundation. This dissertation examines how Indigenous international organizations became embroiled in the Cold War conflict in Latin America, and the difficulties this situation posed for both the WCIP and the International Indian Treaty Council. -
AIR AMERICA: CURTISS C-46S by Dr
AIR AMERICA: CURTISS C-46s by Dr. Joe F. Leeker First published on 15 August 2003, last updated on 25 October 2021 An Air America C-46 – probably N9458Z – making drops somewhere over Laos (with kind permission from Frank Bonansinga) The types of missions flown by Air America’s C-46s: Like the C-47, the C-46 was one of the types of aircraft Air America had inherited in March 59 from the times of CAT Inc., but in larger numbers. At that time, much of Air America’s operations was still concentrated in Japan and in the Republic of China. All that changed in 1960: Already in the fall of that year, four of Air America C-46s had been transferred to Central America to fly arms and supplies to anti-Castro guerrillas in Cuba, but only two of them plus one replacement aircraft returned the following year. At about the same time it became evident that Communist support to Neutralist and Pathet Lao forces in Laos made it necessary to strengthen the pro-Western forces in that country. So in the fall of 1960, an endless stream of Air America C-46s moved thousands of tons of arms and supplies from the secret base at Takhli (T-05) in Thailand to General Phoumi Nosavan at Savannakhet. In January 61 Vang Pao was added to the CIA’s list of receivers, and since that time, some of the supplies flown out of Takhli were delivered to a drop zone near Vang Pao’s headquarters at Pa Doung in Laos (Trest, Air Commando One, pp. -
Aviation Security Management Praeger Security International Advisory Board Board Cochairs Loch K
Aviation Security Management Praeger Security International Advisory Board Board Cochairs Loch K. Johnson, Regents Professor of Public and International Affairs, School of Public and International Affairs, University of Georgia (U.S.A.) Paul Wilkinson, Professor of International Relations and Chairman of the Advisory Board, Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, University of St. Andrews (U.K.) Members Anthony H. Cordesman, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy, Center for Strategic and International Studies (U.S.A.) Thérèse Delpech, Director of Strategic Affairs, Atomic Energy Commission, and Senior Research Fellow, CERI (Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques), Paris (France) Sir Michael Howard, former Chichele Professor of the History of War and Regis Professor of Modern History, Oxford University, and Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History, Yale University (U.K.) Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy, USA (Ret.), former Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of the Army (U.S.A.) Paul M. Kennedy, J. Richardson Dilworth Professor of History and Director, International Security Studies, Yale University (U.S.A.) Robert J. O’Neill, former Chichele Professor of the History of War, All Souls College, Oxford University (Australia) Shibley Telhami, Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development, Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland (U.S.A.) Fareed Zakaria, Editor, Newsweek International (U.S.A.) Aviation Security Management VOLUME 1 THE CONTEXT OF AVIATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT Edited by Andrew R. Thomas PRAEGER SECURITY INTERNATIONAL Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Aviation security management / edited by Andrew R. Thomas. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. -
The Tropic Times
the Tropic Times Vol. II, No. 43 Quarry Heights, Republic of Panama Nov. 29, 1989 Guatemala offers to host upcoming summit GUATEMALA CITY, Guatemala Managua and San Salvador threaten overseeing the mechanisms of the problems facing Central America (UPI) - Guatemala offered Tuesday prospects for peace. Central American peace accords also "have increased" but said it is to step in as host of next month's Salvadoran President Alfredo may attend the summit. important that the peace process Central American summit as the Cristiani Sunday suspended Rivera acknowledged that the overcome unexpected setbacks. diplomatic flap embroiling El diplomatic and commercial ties with Salvador and Nicaragua increased Managua, accusing Nicaraguan Managua.pressure to move the meeting from President Daniel Ortega's Bi government of sending a shipment of Foreign Minister Ariel Rivera said heat-seeking anti-aircraft missiles to W A S H I N G T O N (U P I) - "We've got to recognize the fact the site of the summit should be El Salvador's Farabundo Marti President Bush signed a $938 million that dollars alone won't make, the changed to Guatemala in view of the National Liberation Front, or three-year aid package for Poland difference," Bush said. "Our aid must likelihood Salvadoran President FMLN. and Hungary Tuesday, saying the beseedmoneyforfreemarketreform Alfredo Cristiani would boycott any Cristiani said he would not attend funds must be "seed money" to put and for the involvement of our meeting held in Nicaragua, which he the next Central American summit the two Eastern European nations on private sector." has accused of running guns to El unless an alternate site is found. -
*He Tropic Times Armed Services Draft Plans for Major Budget Cuts
*he Tropic Times Nov. 30, 1989 Vol. II, No. 43 Quarry Heights, Republic or Panama A ir Force to maintain MX missiles at 6 bases production in 1991, Levin said, "If would create in Michigan. That's not Proposed plans call for em tying tank production ends, we lose many a good tradeoff, for Michigan or for more jobs than the MX program the nation." silos at F. E. Warren Air Force Base WASHINGTON (UPI) - The Air availability, installation security, Force announced Wednesday that environmental impact and other planned rail-mobile MX nuclear factors," the Air Force said. missiles will be based at six Air Force Under the rail basing scheme, two installations in Louisiana, North missiles will be placed aboard 25 Dakota, Washington, Texas, trains to be housed at existing Air Arkansas and Michigan beginning in Force locations. The trains will 1992. remain on base on a day-to-day alert The Bush administration plans to basis and would disperse only during take 50 MX missiles out of their silos a national emergency. at F.E. Warren Air Force Base, "After leaving the installations, the f Wyo., and place them on trains that trains will have access to more than would move around the country 120,000 miles of available during a superpower crisis. commercial track. This dispersal will The Air Force announced it offer enhanced ICBM survivability selected the following for rail in the event of an enemy attack," the garrison sites: Barksdale Air Force Air Force said. Base, La.; Grand Forks Air Force Plans call for the first train bearing Base, N.D.; Fairchild Air Force two MX missiles to become Base, Wash.; Dyess Air Force Base, operational in 1992.