Pollinators of Tomato, Solanum Lycopersicum (Solanaceae), in Central Europe
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
UNIVERSITY of READING Delivering Biodiversity and Pollination Services on Farmland
UNIVERSITY OF READING Delivering biodiversity and pollination services on farmland: a comparison of three wildlife- friendly farming schemes Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development Chloe J. Hardman June 2016 Declaration I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. Chloe Hardman i Abstract Gains in food production through agricultural intensification have come at an environmental cost, including reductions in habitat diversity, species diversity and some ecosystem services. Wildlife- friendly farming schemes aim to mitigate the negative impacts of agricultural intensification. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three schemes using four matched triplets of farms in southern England. The schemes were: i) a baseline of Entry Level Stewardship (ELS: a flexible widespread government scheme, ii) organic agriculture and iii) Conservation Grade (CG: a prescriptive, non-organic, biodiversity-focused scheme). We examined how effective the schemes were in supporting habitat diversity, species diversity, floral resources, pollinators and pollination services. Farms in CG and organic schemes supported higher habitat diversity than farms only in ELS. Plant and butterfly species richness were significantly higher on organic farms and butterfly species richness was marginally higher on CG farms compared to farms in ELS. The species richness of plants, butterflies, solitary bees and birds in winter was significantly correlated with local habitat diversity. Organic farms supported more evenly distributed floral resources and higher nectar densities compared to farms in CG or ELS. Compared to maximum estimates of pollen demand from six bee species, only organic farms supplied sufficient pollen in late summer. -
A Trait-Based Approach Laura Roquer Beni Phd Thesis 2020
ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Laura Roquer Beni PhD Thesis 2020 Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Tesi doctoral Laura Roquer Beni per optar al grau de doctora Directors: Dr. Jordi Bosch i Dr. Anselm Rodrigo Programa de Doctorat en Ecologia Terrestre Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Universitat de Autònoma de Barcelona Juliol 2020 Il·lustració de la portada: Gala Pont @gala_pont Al meu pare, a la meva mare, a la meva germana i al meu germà Acknowledgements Se’m fa impossible resumir tot el que han significat per mi aquests anys de doctorat. Les qui em coneixeu més sabeu que han sigut anys de transformació, de reptes, d’aprendre a prioritzar sense deixar de cuidar allò que és important. Han sigut anys d’equilibris no sempre fàcils però molt gratificants. Heu sigut moltes les persones que m’heu acompanyat, d’una manera o altra, en el transcurs d’aquest projecte de creixement vital i acadèmic, i totes i cadascuna de vosaltres, formeu part del resultat final. -
Demography and Molecular Ecology of the Solitary Halictid Lasioglossum Zonulum: with Observations on Lasioglossum Leucozonium
Demography and molecular ecology of the solitary halictid Lasioglossum zonulum: With observations on Lasioglossum leucozonium Alex N. M. Proulx, M.Sc. Biological Sciences (Ecology and Evolution) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario © 2020 Thesis Abstract Halictid bees are excellent models for questions of both evolutionary biology and molecular ecology. While the majority of Halictid species are solitary and many are native to North America, neither solitary nor native bees have been extensively studied in terms of their population genetics. This thesis studies the social behaviour, demographic patterns and molecular ecology of the solitary Holarctic sweat bee Lasioglossum zonulum, with comparisons to its well-studied sister species Lasioglossum leucozonium. I show that L. zonulum is bivoltine in the Niagara region of southern Ontario but is univoltine in a more northern region of southern Alberta. Measurements of size, wear and ovarian development of collected females revealed that Brood 1 offspring are not altruistic workers and L. zonulum is solitary. A large proportion of foundresses were also found foraging with well-developed ovaries along with their daughters, meaning L. zonulum is solitary and partially-bivoltine in the Niagara region. L. zonulum being solitary and univoltine in Calgary suggests that it is a demographically polymorphic and not socially polymorphic. Thus, L. zonulum represents a transitional evolutionary state between solitary and eusocial behaviour in bees. I demonstrate that Lasioglossum zonulum was introduced to North America at least once from Europe in the last 500 years, with multiple introductions probable. -
Size Clines but Not Saw Tooth Clines in Sweat Bees: Season Length, Body Size A
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Research Exeter Ecological Entomology (2017), DOI: 10.1111/een.12448 Season length, body size, and social polymorphism: size clines but not saw tooth clines in sweat bees PAUL J. DAVISON∗ andJEREMY FIELD∗ School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K. Abstract. 1. Annual insects are predicted to grow larger where the growing season is longer. However, transitions from one to two generations per year can occur when the season becomes sufficiently long, and are predicted to result in a sharp decrease inbody size because available development time is halved. The potential for resulting saw-tooth clines has been investigated only in solitary taxa with free-living larvae. 2. Size clines were investigated in two socially polymorphic sweat bees (Halictidae): transitions between solitary and social nesting occur along gradients of increasing season length, characterised by the absence or presence of workers and offspring that are individually mass provisioned by adults. How the body size changes with season length was examined, and whether transitions in social phenotype generate saw-tooth size clines. We measured Lasioglossum calceatum and Halictus rubicundus nest foundresses originating from more than 1000 km of latitude, encompassing the transition between social and solitary nesting. 3. Using satellite-collected temperature data to estimate season length, it was shown that both species were largest where the season was longest. Body size increased linearly with season length in L. calceatum and non-linearly in H. rubicundus but the existence of saw-tooth clines was not supported. -
Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Central Asia Collected by the Kyushu and Shimane Universities Expeditions
Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e15050 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.5.e15050 Taxonomic Paper The bee family Halictidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Central Asia collected by the Kyushu and Shimane Universities Expeditions Ryuki Murao‡, Osamu Tadauchi§, Ryoichi Miyanaga| ‡ Regional Environmental Planning Co., Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan § Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan | Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan Corresponding author: Ryuki Murao ([email protected]) Academic editor: Matthew Yoder Received: 13 Jul 2017 | Accepted: 09 Oct 2017 | Published: 20 Oct 2017 Citation: Murao R, Tadauchi O, Miyanaga R (2017) The bee family Halictidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Central Asia collected by the Kyushu and Shimane Universities Expeditions. Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e15050. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e15050 Abstract Background Central Asia is one of the important centers of bee diversity in the Palearctic Region. However, there is insufficient information for many taxa in the central Asian bee fauna. The Kyushu and Shimane Universities (Japan) Expeditions to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang Uyghur of China were conducted in the years 2000 to 2004 and 2012 to 2014. New information Eighty-eight species of the bee family Halictidae Thomson, 1869 are enumerated including new localities in central Asia. Halictus tibialis Walker, 1871, H. persephone Ebmer, 1976, Lasioglossum denislucum (Strand, 1909), L. griseolum (Morawitz, 1872), L. melanopus (Dalla Torre, 1896), L. nitidiusculum (Kirby, 1802), L. sexnotatulum (Nylander, 1852), L. © Murao R et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Design and Testing of a National Pollinator and Pollination Monitoring Framework
Design and Testing of a National Pollinator and Pollination Monitoring Framework A report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Scottish Government and Welsh Government. April 2016. Authors: Claire Carvell1, Nick Isaac1, Mark Jitlal1, Jodey Peyton1, Gary Powney1, David Roy1, Adam Vanbergen1, Rory O’Connor2, Catherine Jones2, Bill Kunin2, Tom Breeze3, Mike Garratt3, Simon Potts3, Martin Harvey4, Janice Ansine4, Richard Comont5, Paul Lee6, Mike Edwards6, Stuart Roberts7, Roger Morris8, Andy Musgrove9, Tom Brereton10, Cathy Hawes11 and Helen Roy1. 1 NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology 2 University of Leeds 3 University of Reading 4 The Open University 5 Bumblebee Conservation Trust (BBCT) 6 Hymettus Ltd. and 7 on sub-contract with Hymettus 8 Bright Angel Coastal Consultants Ltd 9 British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) 10 Butterfly Conservation (BC) 11 James Hutton Institute (JHI) Defra project WC1101: Design and Testing of a National Pollinator and Pollination Monitoring Framework FINAL REPORT Project details Project title: Design and testing of a National Pollinator and Pollination Monitoring Framework Defra Project Officer: Mark Stevenson Name and address of Contractor: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK Contractor’s Project Manager: Dr Claire Carvell Project start date: 1st May 2014 End date: 31st December 2015 This report should be cited as: Carvell, C., Isaac, N. J. B., Jitlal, M., Peyton, J., Powney, G. D., Roy, D. B., Vanbergen, A. J., O’Connor, R. S., Jones, C. M., Kunin, W. E., Breeze, T. D., Garratt, M. P. D., Potts, S. G., Harvey, M., Ansine, J., Comont, R. -
A Validated Workflow for Rapid Taxonomic Assignment and Monitoring of a National Fauna of Bees (Apiformes) Using High Throughput DNA Barcoding
Article (refereed) - postprint This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Creedy, Thomas J.; Norman, Hannah; Tang, Cuong Q.; Qing Chin, Kai; Andujar, Carmelo; Arribas, Paula; O'Connor, Rory S.; Carvell, Claire; Notton, David G.; Vogler, Alfried P. 2020. A validated workflow for rapid taxonomic assignment and monitoring of a national fauna of bees (Apiformes) using high throughput DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Resources, 20 (1). 40-53, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13056 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd This version available http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/525292/ Copyright and other rights for material on this site are retained by the rights owners. Users should read the terms and conditions of use of this material at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/policies.html#access This document is the authors’ final manuscript version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. There may be differences between this and the publisher’s version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from this article. The definitive version is available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Contact UKCEH NORA team at [email protected] The NERC and UKCEH trademarks and logos (‘the Trademarks’) are registered trademarks of NERC and UKCEH in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. -
Overview of Green Roof (= GR) Studies Involving Wild Bee Species Assessment
Hofmann, M., and S. S. Renner. Bee species recorded between 1992 and 2017 from green roofs in Asia, Europe, and North America, with key characteristics and open research questions. Apidologie. Online supporting material, Tables S1 and S2 Table S1: Overview of green roof (= GR) studies involving wild bee species assessment Location Time Roof type Survey Species # species Research Reference span method level ID Question(s) (Y/N) European Studies Baden- 1990 - “Pflegeloses Pan traps Y 19 Green roofs as (Riedmiller Wuerttemberg, 1992 Pflanzendach” secondary habitat 1991; Germany experimental Schneider & extensive roof Riedmiller (only one layer, 1992; no drainage) Riedmiller & Schneider 1993) Berlin (7 roofs) April- Green roofs of Pan traps Y (list 51 Influence of the (Köhler and September different ages not number of plant 2014) Neubrandenburg 2013 (n=12) provided) species on the (5 roofs), number of bee Germany species Bingen, July- Extensive GR Observation N N/A Comparison of (Hietel 2016 Germany September (n=5) and gravel insect abundancy, summarizing 2014 and roofs (n=4) density/m² and information June- diversity from Kaiser August 2014; 2015 Kuhlmann 2015) 1 Hofmann, M., and S. S. Renner. Bee species recorded between 1992 and 2017 from green roofs in Asia, Europe, and North America, with key characteristics and open research questions. Apidologie. Online supporting material, Tables S1 and S2 Böblingen/ mainly Extensive to Netting and Y 49 Assessment of (Mann 1994) Sindelfingen, May- intensive GR hand the arthropod Germany August (n=4 -
Loss of Developmental Diapause As a Prerequisite for Social Evolution in Bees
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/649897; this version posted May 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Loss of developmental diapause as a prerequisite for social evolution in bees 2 Priscila Karla Ferreira Santos1, Maria Cristina Arias1 and Karen M. Kapheim2 3 4 5 1 Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências – Universidade de São 6 Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 7 2 Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 U.S.A. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Corresponding authors: Priscila K. F. Santos, Phone: +551130917587; E-mail: [email protected] 19 and Karen M. Kapheim, Phone: +14357970685; E-mail: [email protected] 20 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/649897; this version posted May 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 21 Abstract 22 Diapause is a physiological arrest of development ahead of adverse environmental conditions and is 23 a critical phase of the life cycle of many insects. In bees, diapause has been reported in species from 24 all seven taxonomic families. -
Social Polymorphism in the Sweat Bee Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) Calceatum
Insect. Soc. (2016) 63:327–338 DOI 10.1007/s00040-016-0473-3 Insectes Sociaux RESEARCH ARTICLE Social polymorphism in the sweat bee Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) calceatum 1 1 P. J. Davison • J. Field Received: 13 August 2015 / Revised: 4 February 2016 / Accepted: 19 February 2016 / Published online: 10 May 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Temperate-zone socially polymorphic sweat bees than in some closely related obligately social species but (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) are ideal model systems for probably more specialied than other polymorphic sweat elucidating the origins of eusociality, a major evolutionary bees. Our research provides a starting point for future transition. Bees express either social or solitary behaviour in experimental work to investigate mechanisms underlying different parts of their range, and social phenotype typically social polymorphism in L. calceatum. correlates with season length. Despite their obvious utility, however, socially polymorphic sweat bees have received Keywords Sweat bees Á Halictinae Á Lasioglossum Á relatively little attention with respect to understanding the Eusociality Á Caste-size dimorphism Á Workers origins of eusociality. Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) calceatum is a widespread sweat bee that is thought to be socially polymorphic, with important potential as an experimental Introduction model species. We first determined the social phenotype of L. calceatum at three sites located at different latitudes Understanding why an individual gives up its own repro- within the UK. We then investigated sociality in detail duction to help others is a central goal of evolutionary across two years at the southernmost site. We found that L. -
Bees in Britain, Although Some Foreign Species Are Known to Be Communal
BWARS bee-book Chapter 5 - The Genera Title Authors Andrena Geoff Allen Anthidium David Baldock Anthophora Andrew Philpott Apis Michael Milton Bombus Robin Williams Ceratina David Baldock Chelostoma Mike Edwards & Raymond Uffen Coelioxys David Baldock Colletes George Else Dasypoda David Baldock Epeolus David Baldock Eucera David Baldock Halictus/Lasioglossum Geoff Allen Heriades David Baldock Hoplitis Mike Edwards & Raymond Uffen Hylaeus Graham Collins Macropis David Baldock Megachile Mike Edwards & Raymond Uffen Melecta David Baldock Melitta Graham Collins Nomada Matt Smith Osmia Mike Edwards & Raymond Uffen Panurgus Geoff Allen Sphecodes Graham Collins Stelis Graham Collins BWARS-BOOK V 3-doc/rev.10/5/12 1 BWARS bee-book List of British bees, with synonyms (particularly useful and important when using older keys for identification) Andrenidae Andrena A. alfkenella Perkins, 1914 A. moricella Perkins, 1914 A. angustior (Kirby, 1802) A. apicata Smith, 1847 A. argentata, Smith, 1844 A. barbilabris (Kirby, 1802) A. sericea (Christ, 1781) preocc. A. albicrus (Kirby, 1802) A. bicolor Fabricius, 1775 A. gwynana (Kirby, 1802) A. bimaculata (Kirby, 1802) A. bucephala Stephens, 1846 A. carantonica Pérez, 1902 A. scotica Perkins, 1916 A. jacobi Perkins, 1921 A. chrysosceles (Kirby, 1802) A. cineraria (Linnaeus, 1758) A. clarkella (Kirby, 1802) A. coitana (Kirby, 1802) A. congruens Schmiedeknecht, 1884 A. confinis Stöckert, 1930 A. denticulata (Kirby, 1802) A. dorsata (Kirby, 1802) A. falsifica Perkins, 1915 A. ferox Smith, 1847 A. flavipes Panzer, 1799 A. fulvicrus (Kirby, 1802) A. florea Fabricius, 1793 A. floricola Eversmann, 1852 A. fucata Smith, 1847 Andrena fulva (Müller, 1776) A. armata (Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1790) BWARS-BOOK V 3-doc/rev.10/5/12 2 BWARS bee-book A. -
Northern Ireland Threatened Bee Report
SavingContents the small things that run the planet Anna Hart Table of Contents Northern Ireland Threatened Bee Report 2 Other bees of conservation concern in Northern Ireland 60 Acknowledgements 2 Species associations 64 Introduction 3 Flight Periods 69 Threatened bees in Northern Ireland- Species profiles 11 Species losses in Northern Ireland 70 County summaries Threatened bees in Northern Ireland Antrim 70 Andrena coitana (Small flecked mining bee) 14 Armagh 72 Andrena denticulata (Grey-banded mining bee) 16 Derry/Londonderry 74 Andrena fuscipes (Heather mining bee) 18 Down 75 Andrena nigroaenea (Buffish mining bee) 20 Fermanagh 78 Andrena praecox (Small Sallow mining bee) 22 Tyrone 79 Andrena semilaevis (Shiny-margined Mini-mining Bee) 24 Key sites for bees in Northern Ireland 80 Bombus (P.) barbutellus (Barbut's Cuckoo-bee) 26 References 81 Bombus (P.) campestris (Field Cuckoo-bee) 28 Recorders whose records are used in this report 87 Bombus ruderarius (Red-shanked Carder-bee) 31 Bombus (P.) rupestris (Red-tailed Cuckoo-bee) 34 Colletes floralis (Northern Colletes) 37 Hylaeus brevicornis (Short-horned Yellow-face Bee) 40 Hylaeus hyalinatus (Hairy Yellow-face Bee) 42 Lasioglossum nitidiusculum (Tufted Furrow-Bee) 44 Lasioglossum rufitarse (Rufous-footed Furrow Bee) 46 Nomada goodeniana (Gooden's Nomad) 48 Nomada obtusifrons (Flat-ridged Nomad Bee) 50 Nomada striata (Blunt-jawed Nomad) 52 Sphecodes ferruginatus (Dull-headed Blood-Bee) 54 Sphecodes gibbus (Dark-winged Blood-bee) 56 Sphecodes hyalinatus (Furry-bellied Blood Bee) 58 Sandpit blood-bee (Sphecodes pellucidus) female © Stephen Falk. Executive Summary There is widespread concern over the status of The Northern Ireland Threatened Bee Report has looked at 21 pollinators, as many insect groups including bees, target bee species considered to be at greatest risk on the island of butterflies, moths and hoverflies have declined Ireland, and which are present in Northern Ireland.