Universidade De Brasília Faculdade De Tecnologia Departamento De Engenharia Elétrica

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Universidade De Brasília Faculdade De Tecnologia Departamento De Engenharia Elétrica Universidade de Brasília Faculdade de Tecnologia Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica SITE – Simulador TETRA Joaz Soares Castro Junior Matricula: 99/17128 Professor Orientador: Plínio Ricardo Ganime Alves Junho de 2005 1 Universidade de Brasília Faculdade de Tecnologia Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica SITE – Simulador TETRA _______________________ Joaz Soares Castro Junior Matricula: 99/17128 Professor Orientador: Plínio Ricardo Ganime Alves Junho de 2005 2 Agradecimentos Agradeço a Deus por ter me dado força e perseverança para alcançar meus objetivos. Agradeço a meus pais que sempre me apoiarem nos momentos de fraqueza. Que sempre me deram a assistência necessária para tornar esse sonho realidade. Agradeço a Vanessa Martins Farias por ter tido um papel fundamental no meu ingresso a Universidade de Brasília. Agradeço a minha amada Rayla Guimarães Jacundá, que sempre me apoiou, me incentivou e me trouxe muita alegria. Um agradecimento especial a meus amigos do LABTECC, Aely Lima, Ewerton Pacheco e João Laurindo por sua amizade e apoio durante todo o processo de elaboração deste trabalho. Agradeço a todos meus amigos que me ajudaram nessa caminhada. Agradeço também a meu professor orientador Plínio Ganime que me proporcionou a oportunidade de ingressar na área da comunicação crítica 3 Abstract O padrão aberto de comunicação crítica TETRA (TErrestrial Trunked Radio) surgiu na Europa por volta de 1990 e é um padrão de rádio móvel digital criado para suprir as necessidades dos usuários profissionais e de serviços de emergência. O TETRA é atualmente padronizado pelo ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute) e surgiu seguindo a tendência da tecnologia GSM. Em estudos feitos no LABTECC (LABoratório de TEcnologia em Comunicação Crítica) da Universidade de Brasília, foi criado uma plataforma, denominada SIMUTECC, onde foi comparado dois padrões abertos: TETRA e PROJETO25. O SITE (SIMulador TETRA) é uma interface gráfica que compõem parte do SIMUTECC. Essa interface foi criada para simular alguns parâmetros relevantes com vistas a sua adoação como padrão de comunicação critica para o Brasil. 4 Agradecimentos ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Abreviaturas / Siglas ............................................................................................................................. 7 II. Introdução ............................................................................................................................................. 8 III. Apresentação visual do Simulador.................................................................................................. 10 IV. Codificação de voz no padrão TETRA........................................................................................... 11 1. Interfaces na estrutura de controle de erros e criptografia:............................................................. 12 1.1 Exemplo de codificação em Delphi para geração dos frames ................................................ 13 2 Codificação dos frames de voz ....................................................................................................... 17 3 Codificação Convolucional: Convolutional Encoding ................................................................... 24 3.1 Codificação pelo código-mãe: ................................................................................................ 24 3.2 Pontuação do código-mãe:...................................................................................................... 25 3.3 Codificação dos bits de classe 2:............................................................................................. 25 3.3.1 Código-mãe......................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.2 Pontuação do Código-Mãe.................................................................................................. 27 3.4 Codificação dos bits de classe 1:............................................................................................. 29 3.4.1 Código-mãe......................................................................................................................... 29 3.4.2 Pontuação do Código-Mãe.................................................................................................. 31 4 Interleaving ..................................................................................................................................... 33 5 Scrambling (Mistura) ..................................................................................................................... 36 V. BER - Bit Error Rate.......................................................................................................................... 40 1 Simulação da BER .......................................................................................................................... 41 VI. Canal de controle ............................................................................................................................ 47 1 Código em Delphi para implementação do Canal de controle........................................................ 58 VII. Controle de tráfego.......................................................................................................................... 59 VIII. Fading Rápido................................................................................................................................. 62 IX. Conclusão........................................................................................................................................ 69 Apêndice ..................................................................................................................................................... 70 Apêndice A: Código em Delphi para concatenação dos frames A e B e reposicionamento dos bits e geração da matriz geradora do código CRC ........................................................................................... 70 Apêndice C: Implementação em delphi para codificação....................................................................... 73 Apêndice D: Código em Delphi para o interleaving............................................................................... 78 Apêndice E: Código em Delphi para implementação do Scrambling .................................................... 78 Apêndice F: Código em Delphi para implementação da BER............................................................... 79 Apêndice G: Tabela ERFC ..................................................................................................................... 84 Apêndice H: Código em Delphi para implementação do Canal de Controle ......................................... 94 Apêndice I: Código em Delphi para implementação do Controle de tráfego......................................... 97 Apêndice J: Código delphi para implementação do Fading ................................................................. 101 X. Referências........................................................................................................................................ 105 5 Figura 1: Tela inicial................................................................................................................................... 10 Figura 2: Definição das interfaces na estrutura de controle de erros e criptografia.................................... 12 Figura 3 : Simulação da Geração do Frame de voz .................................................................................... 17 Figura 4: Diagrama de geração de frame e dos códigos corretores ............................................................ 18 Figura 5 : Codificação dos Frames ............................................................................................................. 19 Figura 6 : Opção de limpeza de dados ........................................................................................................ 38 Figura 7 : Selecionando opção para cálculo da BER.................................................................................. 40 Figura 8 : Cálculo da BER para cidades de grande porte ........................................................................... 43 Figura 9 : Gráfico gerado pela BER............................................................................................................ 44 Figura 10: Fluxograma da BER .................................................................................................................. 45 Figura 11: Zoom na curva da BER para 1% e 5 %..................................................................................... 46 Figura 12: Representação diagramática da estrutura TDMA...................................................................... 47 Figura 13: Tipos de bursts........................................................................................................................... 48 Figura 14: Mapeamento dos canais lógicos em canais físicos.................................................................... 49 Figura 15 : Tela de apresentação para o canal de controle ......................................................................... 50 Figura 16: Simulação manual do canal de
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