2018 Extended Abstract Journal of Pharmacology Research Vol.1 No.2

Pharmacology 2018: Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products - Moyeen Bakar - University of Hertfordshire

Moyeen Bakar University of Hertfordshire, UK

Abstract in vitro to have antimicrobial properties.1,2 Clinical microbiologists have two reasons to be interested in the topic Antimicrobial agents are classified according to the spectrum of antimicrobial plant extracts. First it is very likely that these of their action. They have many roles by acting as antifungal, phytochemicals will find their way into the arsenal of antiviral and antiprotozoal action. They also have essential antimicrobial drugs prescribed by the physicians; several are functions i.e. inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, nucleic already being tested in humans. Scientists realize that the acid synthesis and many more. Medicinal plants are effective lifetime of any antibiotic is limited, so new sources significantly useful and economical. Antimicrobial agents are especially plant sources are also being investigated Second the essentially important in reducing the global burden of public is becoming increasingly aware of the problems with the infectious diseases. With the irrational and excessive use of over prescription and misuse of traditional antibiotics. In antibiotics in underdeveloped and developing countries, there addition many people are interested in having more autonomy may be chances to develop and spread resistant pathogens in over their medical care. A multitude of plants compounds the community. Therefore, the need for novel alternative (often of unreliable purity) is quickly available over the counter antimicrobial strategies has renewed interest in natural from herbal suppliers and national food stores and the Self products like turmeric, honey, ginger and others exhibiting medication with these substances is a common practice to antibacterial properties. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is certain extent. emerging at an alarming rate as mortality due to resistant pathogens. Since AMR is against all clinically utilized The various Medicinal plants which have shown antibacterial, antibiotics, finding novel antimicrobials with unexploited antifungal antiviral and antiprotozoal properties whereas in targets remains the main goal worldwide. The research is to section B the most focus is on the various groups of determine the natural product has the best antimicrobial phytochemicals exhibiting medicinal properties. activity by looking at various fruits, plants and other natural resources. The project was a latest literature based to find the ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM best antibacterial activity and therefore the existing research MEDICINAL PLANTS journals were used. This indicates a range of antimicrobial In a study carried out by Chakraborty and coworker it has been activity of natural products against pathogens. Of the raw observed that a carbazole alkaloid “clausenol” isolated from an natural products, garlic juice had the highest activity. The most alcoholic extract of the stem bark of clausena anisata active processed products were peppermint oil and the four possesses antibacterial and antifungal activity. The acetone pure compounds trans‐cinnamaldehyde, allicin, menthol and and alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Cassia alata showed zingerone. Bacteroides species has similar susceptibility to C. significant invitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus difficile to most natural products; Lactobacillus casei was less aureus, coagulase positive Staplylococcus aureus, Bacillus susceptible. It is worthy to consider honey as a promising subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophillus, Escherichia coli, future antimicrobial to be tested and studied. Honey, may be Salmonella typhi and Salmonella dysentriae. Further, alcoholic elaborately used in future with some more molecular studies extracts also inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae on its method of action as an antimicrobial agent. Our efforts whereas the acetone extract inhibited the growth of Vibrio now focus on purifying these compounds, elucidate their cholerae.4 The Alcoholic extract of dry nuts of Seme carpus structures and study their mode of action. anacardium (Bhallatak) showed bactericidal activity in vitro Introduction: against 3 gram negative strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Proteus vulgaris) and 2 gram positive strains In the recent years, research on medicinal plants has attracted (Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium diphtheriae). a lot of attentions globally. Large body of evidence has Subsequent studies have shown that the alcoholic extracts of accumulated to demonstrate the promising potential of different parts of the plant (leaves, twigs green fruits) also Medicinal Plants used in various traditional, complementary possess antibacterial properties especially the leaf extract. and alternate systems of treatment of human diseases. Plants Substantial antibacterial, antifungal and moderate insecticidal, are rich during a big variety of secondary metabolites like sporicidal and cytotoxic activities were observed with the tannins terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc, which are found hexane extract of the stem bark of Amona glabra. This work is partly presented at 10th World Congress on Pharmacology scheduled during August 02-03, 2018 at, Barcelona, Spain 2018 Extended Abstract Journal of Pharmacology Research Vol.1 No.2

Chromatographic fractionation of the stem led to the isolation Nematodes from Mae Wong National Park, of kaur16-en, 19-oic acid, which was found to be largely Thailand. FRontiers in Microbiology. 8 (1), 1-14. responsible for its biological activities. Keeping in view the 4. Rani, G. N., Budumuru, R. & Bandaru, N. R.. (2017). difficulties encountered with aromatic oils thanks to lack of Antimicrobial Activity of Honey with Special Reference to ideal diffusion and evaporation in disc diffusion methods, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Agnihotri and Vaidya developed a novel approach for studying Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 11 antibacterial properties of certain plants like Eugenia (8), 5-8. caryophyllus, Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamonum zeylanium and Cuminum cyminum Volatile components of the hexane 5. Roshan, N., Riley, T. & Hammer K.. (2017). Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products against Clostridium difficile extracts of these plants were tested against standard gram in vitro. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 123 (1), 92-103. positive and gram negative bacteria grown on agar slants selected, Thymus vulgaris had the most prominent antibacterial activity. Biography

Moyeen Bakar has completed his undergraduate majors in Pharmaceutical Science to find how the drugs are discovered, Reference developed and manufactured. His research was “Antimicrobial 1. Fayad, A., Itani, D., Mariam, M., Tanelian, A., Iweir, S. and Activity of Natural Products”. He has completed masters in Matar, G.. (2018). From bugs to drugs: Combating Pharmacology to research on how the drugs are absorbed, antimicrobial resistance by discovering novel distributed, metabolized and eliminated on human body. His antibiotics. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 12 research interest is to develop a new drug that can combat (1), 27. antimicrobial resistance in human body. The antibiotic that 2. Goering, R. V., Dockrell, H. M., Zuckerman, M., Wakelin, exists is not combating the bacteria at present, he has been D., Roitt, I. M., Mims, C., & Chiodini, P. L. (2008). Mim's working to gain national and international experience on th Medical Microbiology. (4 ed.). Philadelphia, USA: Elsevier research and clinical trials. His ultimate ambitions is to do 479-494. research on cancer drugs, which could prevent even forming 3. Muangpat, P., Yooyangket, T., Fukruksa, C., Suwannaroj, the cancer tissue. He has also researched on the effects of M., Yimthin, T., Sitthisak, S., Chantratita, N., Vitta, A. & pyruvate on control and diabetic soleus muscle. His another Tobias, N., . (2017). Screening of the Antimicrobial Activity against Drug Resistant Bacteria of Photorhabdus and research is Alzaheimer’s Disease, which can be possible type 3 Xenorhabdus Associated with Entomopathogenic diabetes.

This work is partly presented at 10th World Congress on Pharmacology scheduled during August 02-03, 2018 at, Barcelona, Spain