45% of Members Believe Mo Lybdenite O R Grapheme Will Replace Silico N As the Co Nducto R O F Choice
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ja, … goedkope) en onbeperkte (nou ja… bijna) hardware bijna) ja… (nou onbeperkte en goedkope) … ja, (nou gratis over gaat toekomst De komt. op aan er het als 32-bits MCU’s of en 8-bit microcontrollers, elektronica discrete Vergeet toekomst. de heeft Platform-denken 89% of members work on MCU- based projects in their spare time. Il vero sacro calice della progettazione con FPGA è passare da un qual- che modello ad alto liv- ello direttamente al co- dice FPGA. Solo in questo modo è possibile proget- tare un sistema utilizzan- THE CIR do del codice C, simulare l’intero sistema sul pro- prio computer e scaricare con estrema facilità il co- C dice nella FPGA. Ebbene, UI questa tecnologia esiste T ed è disponibile in varie CELLAR 25 . 60% of members solder almost daily. Si vous avez des signaux HF dans la partie analogique d’un par les lignes ce signal HF rayonnera forcément circuit, sûr : une ligne d’alimentationd’alimentation. Un seul remède séparée pour chaque section analogique ou numérique de avec un découplage systématique de chacun, circuit, votre eux. d’alimentation et entre aussi bien par rapport à la source forme già da diversi anni A MICROCONTROLLER IS A SPECIALIZED, INTE- GRATED CHIP THAT PERFORMS SIMILAR FUNC- TIONS TO A PC. ITS OPERATION, HOWEVER, IS TAILORED FOR A SINGLE DEDICATED TASK COMPARED TO A PC TYPICALLY USED FOR MANY T H GENERAL-PURPOSE TASKS. MICROCONTROLLER A PERFORMANCE IS LIMITED TO THE ON CHIP NNIVERSARY PHYSICAL RESOURCES. THE PC, IN CONTRAST, IS COMPOSED OF MANY HIGH-PERFORMANCE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND IS BETTER SUITED FOR GENERAL-PURPOSE TASKS. ajustar el código a mano cuidadosamente. premia todavía el hardware gama baja, aunque en C un PIC de absurdo meter unprograma completamentees que no en punto hasta el mejorado han compiladores Los hacer sobre CPUs con rutas de datos más amplias. más apropiado que sería de hardware incrustaciones extrañas hacer tendencia es última la aunque FPGA, para macros en equivalentes sus PIC, o y 8051 dores microcontrola Aún puedes comprar ños y simples no ha desaparecido. peque proyectos para simples y controladores pequeños de La necesidad I SSUE 55 6e 6c 69 6b 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 68 65 72 61 69 63 6c 65 73 20 61 74 68 65 20 74 69 6d 2c 43 69 72 63 75 74 20 43 65 6c 6c 61 72 20 70 6f 6a 65 63 74 6f 6d 63 72 6520 77 65 20 73 6d 65 72 63 69 61 6c 20 67 61 64 65 20 6e 69 74 65 6e 64 20 6f 62 65 20 75 69 6c 74 61 6e 64 20 75 73 65 2e 49 74 20 64 69 6e 27 61 6b 65 20 6c 6f 74 6f 66 20 70 72 6a 65 63 74 70 72 65 73 6e 74 61 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 72 65 63 67 6e 69 7a 65 20 61 72 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 64 65 6d 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 74 68 65 20 61 63 74 75 6c 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 74 73 2e 20 62% of members contribute to open-source hardware projects. Engineers who came up in the late ’80s and early ’90s were part of the IC Generation. In contrast, today’s young designers tend to think in terms of platforms, not chips. En- ter the Platform Generation, which comprises male and female EEs, programmers, DIYers, artists, open- source contributors, and electron- ics enthusiasts from a wide variety CC25 socioeconomic circumstances and academic backgrounds. The ties that bind are electronics, curiosity, - - 80% of members know C language. and innovation. Neben dem geringen Ressourcenverbrauch und den niedrigen Stückkosten hat ein Mikrocontroller noch ein- 45% of members believe molybdenite or grapheme will replace silicon as the conductor of choice. of as the conductor grapheme will replace silicon or 45% of members believe molybdenite en großen Vorteil: Seine Einfachheit. Mit einer MCU können Sie etwas ziemlich schnell zum Laufen bringen! 01101001 01110100 01100011 01100101 01101110 01101110 01101111 01100011 00100000 01110011 01110011 01100101 01101100 01100101 01101001 01110010 01010111 01100001 01101101 00100000 01110010 01110111 01100101 01101111 01110000 00100000 01101110 01100100 01100001 00100000 01111001 01101001 01110100 01110110 00100000 01100101 01101000 01110100 01100101 00100000 01110010 01100001 00100000 01101110 01110100 01100101 01101101 01100101 01100001 01100111 01101110 00100000 01110011 01101110 01101111 01110100 01101001 01100001 01100011 01101001 01110000 01101100 01110000 01100001 00100000 01110111 01101111 01110100 01101111 01110000 00100000 01110100 01101111 01110011 01101101 00100000 01101100 01101001 01101100 01110111 00100000 01110100 01101000 01100001 01110100 01100011 00100000 01110100 01100011 01110000 01100001 01101101 01101001 00100000 01101100 01111001 01100101 01110110 01101001 01101001 01110100 01110011 00100000 01100111 01101110 01101001 01110101 01110010 01100100 00100000 01110011 01101100 01100101 01100001 01110011 00100000 01101001 01110000 01101000 00100000 00101110 01100101 01100100 01100011 01100001 01100101 01100100 00100000 01111000 01110100 01100101 01101110 00100000 01101000 01100101 01110100 || Q&A: Embedded Today other, for improving energy efficiency of Two names pop up in my mind. computing. There are lots of interesting One is Feynman, as I just quoted him opportunities and challenges. For ex- in a question above. He is categorized ample, we can put DRAM and proces- as a physicist rather than an engineer sor cores in the same chip using 3-D but the boundaries between the two stacking technology to cut down the are rather thin when it comes to ex- “memory bottleneck.” Or we can stack perimental work. I read Feynman’s Six more functionality into a 3-D stacked Easy Pieces in my freshmen year in col- chip while keeping the individual chip lege, which inspired me to learn how area small, which is better for achieving things work and build things myself to AYSE KIVILCIM COSKUN higher yield in manufacturing. However, solve problems. 3-D stacking brings many challenges, The second name I want to men- Assistant Professor | Boston University | including higher temperatures on chips, tion is Grace Hopper. She was a female Boston, MA, USA lack of mature design and validation scientist/engineer at a time when there tools, and technology challenges. My were even fewer women in engineering. Tell us about your research. research goal is to explore these op- I admire her courage, many scientific My main research area is energy- portunities and challenges for designing contributions, and I like the fact that efficient computing. I work in the gen- methods that can utilize 3-D stacking she popularized the term “debugging” eral area of computer engineering, with for getting higher performance out of (which was motivated by removing an specific focus on embedded systems, our chips at a lower energy cost. actual moth from a computer system). computer architecture, design automa- tion, and software. What’s the best engineering- What are your goals for 2013? related advice you’ve received or My research group is working on What do you say when a non-en- given? reducing energy consumption of com- gineer asks: “What is a microcon- I think Feynman’s quote, “For a suc- puters—or, in other words, improving troller? Is it the chip in my PC?” cessful technology, reality must take “energy efficiency”—through jointly A microcontroller is a chip that is precedence over public relations, for optimizing the hardware and the soft- designed to perform a small, restricted nature cannot be fooled” (from Space ware. We will continue innovating in set of tasks. Some examples would be Shuttle Challenger Inquiry), is one of this area, and I hope we will demon- a chip that controls the settings of a mi- the best pieces of engineering advice. strate improvements in computing crowave oven, a chip that controls an We often see some products or ideas clusters as well as in small embedded automated gate in a parking lot, or a out there that may be well-market- devices. AKC chip that controls the ABS in a car. The ed, but they really do not have the chip in your PC is called a microproces- robustness, quality, or functionality Ayse’s Preferences sor. In contrast to performing a small that should be there. In the long run, set of specific tasks, a microprocessor though, I do believe better technology, 1. Print magazine or digital? Print is able to run a large set of “general- better design, and ideas win as we can- 2. Laptop or desktop? Laptop purpose” tasks. Your PC, for example, not change the rules of physics or, in 3. iOS or Android? Android can run web applications, text editing other words, “fool nature.” 4. Analog or digital? Digital tools, videos, and many other tasks. 5. Dealing with hardware issues or Do you have a go-to MCU? software bugs? While researching, I fo- Do you think “8 bits dead”? Not really. My selection of products cus more on HW issues (such as crafting Lots of application domains are mak- varies depending on the projects, and a new architecture). In daily-life comput- ing use of 32-/64-bit processors today, I try to diversify my choices a bit while ing, I more commonly deal with SW bugs. and 32-/62-bit processors dominate the experimenting with new ideas. 6. IE, Chrome, Firefox, or Other? Firefox. market. Still, I don’t think 8-bit is dead. 7. Starting a project or finishing it? Starting! Small battery-operated embedded de- What was the best course, lecture, 8. QWERTY keypad or touch screen? vices such as wireless sensors typically or webinar you’ve attended? Both! need long battery life, which motivates I have attended a lot of great talks, 9.