Thirty-Five Years in Power for America

R O C K E T D Y

Thirty-Five Years in Power for America

Rochb,JOH -AL hternaund 4@ocae¢dgne Divis!o n ~PaosRExa; For more Ham a ienemfani, Rockeidync has been ont then, where t/te net iou i s must color(I I I nud intense . As ill,, natim i /ills u « nn°d inl apace, pna°r 1,q Rm 1, 1,1 ync has Dorn a key rlemru f` ,,fill esua"s shny,roilh/' ;fOu/nm/sear idreliabilitu/ urunatcln'd bymnlal/rerrudcrli'ii necumpmutin t/c:maldd. AndOilhI/in( has been thegrnzoth of Rnrketdlpu info a murlel-c/mss loader hr directed enlryy technology, spare-horse puroer sgsteurs and n uc learpmlrr-all a direct rejl eciat I "four pride it l hin" a part of Hie American space, enet'gy and dejolse efforts . Front the rent fires, WI''ii' /ten t/sri' with the best tilenf and oil of the cner ;y roc, nI muslcr, ulillr our ambitions set Otl file must distant stars . Front the uoeninq slur/ 35 years ago, iuc'ire been with the Americml tram drat ta,ardred humankind into space, and in turn, brow ;/lit the 6enl'fits of spare back to Fai lh .

Edited by J . Mitchell / Designed by J . Allstott

Production by Racketdyne Pub'ications Services

Our special appreciatimt to Elm vaurfuez-MOrrtsan of Media 5eroice3 Corporation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for their help in securing marry of the photos that appear in this Wok . We are theeprygrateful . The Early Years Thirty-Five Years The Rocketdyne I started working for many years ago was called the Propulsion Center of MACE (Missile and Control Equipment) of North American Aviation . There mere three facilities : the Slausoa plant off the Santa Ana Freeway in Cornrnerce, the Propulsion Fiel d Laboratory at Santa Susana, and the Deering facility in Canoga Park. in Power

Slauson was a factory warehouse-hot, stuffy, badly lit, with engineering and manufacturing slopping over into each other . It was close enough to the stockyards that flies were a problem . Plant engineers treated the high ceilings with fly spray, and flies died in droves , for America crashing down from the open rafters to the drafting tables and into typewriters. Some of its lived in the Valley and drove to Slauson each day.

It was considered essential for every new employee to make at least one trip to the Propulsion Field Laboratory (PFL, now SSFL) to see a firing. We were less jaded then, and when a Redstone or G-38 Navaho cut loose, you got a gut feeling that there really was something happening. PFL was designed with real, hard, engineering ends in mind; but the effect couldn't have been more dramatic if they tried. An equally essential part of the trip was to stop at the Wooden Shoe for lunch on the way back . The Wooden Shoe was at Roscoe and Topanga then, aad their huge barbeque sandwiches beef, pork, or ham-cost 55 cents .

Canoga Park was growing-housing tracts sprang up on both sides of Vanowen ; apartments were built on Sherman Way . Canoga Avenue was lined with pepper trees to Ventura Boulevard, a cool tunnel of green leaves . The Valley was pepper trees, corn fields, truck gardens and, as the oldtimers are quick to tell you, "I remember this Valley when it was nothin' but orange groves and chicken ranches." Sherman Way's stately California palms marched the length of the Valley. Even from the far west end you could see the brewery it, Van Nuys A History of the breathin g a high plume o f steam and the airport with the Air National Guard Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International p,acticing deadstick landings into the housing tracts.

A bit of poetry from that period: When there's thunder on the mountains, Every evening just at nine, And your walls begin to tremble, It's not God , It's Rocketdyne, This can be sung to the ft- of" Clememine" .

We grew up, matured, did things a little more smoothly, with more finesse. We watched the Atlas, Jupiter and Thor develop during the Schriever peak of the late 1950s. We set our eyes on the moon, cranked out the proposal for the big F-I that nobody could believe was that big, then the f-2 ("Oxygen and hydrogen? Are you crazy?"). Built some more buildings, including a fancy headquarters with a heliport on top, and sortie fancy test stands on the Hill . The city moved in around us . We got stores arid civilization and culture.

But I think Rocketdyne is what it is-kind ofgreat-partly because we roughed it a little in those first years, pioneered the Valley like we pioneered the rocket engine business, kept our cool while we struggled to make it go, and solved problems we didn't know couldn't be solved . - Jim McCafferty Fanner Manager of Publications, Graphics and ,muting Rocketdyne Suge 4 7 2

Dear Reader: Dept. Hire Date* Servtce * Edwin H. Schaper Mark T . Dixon 579 10/06/52 37. 6 Since its formation 35 years ago, Rocketdyne has been in the forefront of the nation's technology in the areas of William G . Dickey 544 10/03/52 37 .6 Dept . Hire Date* Service * propulsion, directed energy and space power systems . Today we hold leadership positions with growth potential Robert E . Folsom 592 10/01/52 37 .6 556 12/04/46 44 .9 in all of these areas . Robert D. O'Neill 569 09/1 5/.52 37 .7 GeorgeBrody 518 08/22/52 37 .7 Actually, it goes back further than that . Ed We are particularly proud in having powered the first U.S . astronaut into space, and that we later had a key role Edward G . Walker 534 10/27/52 37 .7 Schaper first signed on with North American in sending astronauts to the moon and then provided the means to bring them back safely. We've also been Robert L. Shealy 506 08/21/52 37 .7 Aviation in 1943 in the Los Angeles Division, responsible for the fi rst fully reusable rocket engine for the Russell B . Bottomley 519 08/11/52 37 .8 working the cowlings and fairings sec ti on space shuttle, and provided the workhorse Atlas and Delta George D . Davis 526 07/10/52 37 .9 before joining the U .S. Navy. After a three- Tzolag R. Margosan 545 05/09/52 38 .0 engines for the fleet of expendable launch vehicles . Other year hitch, he was rehired by North American Richard L. Jacobson 579 04/28/52 38 .1 in 1946 d over the years he had a hand in notable propulsion achievements have included projects Richard E. Durand 635 04/07/52 38 .1 , an such as Agena, Mars Mariner, Minuteman, Lance and Clarence Ackerman 598 08/02/54 38 .1 almost every major program to make it by the front doors Peacekeeper. Bobby J . Bennett 526 03/24/52 38 .2 . Now active in testing on the Hill, Simon R . Escarcega 087 03/17/52 38 .2 he has compiled a truly amazing a ttendance In space power systems we created the first and only Horace H . Neely 027 02/21/52 38 .2 record-in 45 years he's been absent a total of nuclear reactor in space-the SNAP II-and now we're Jon T . Nagarnalsu 597 02/11/52 38 .3 nine days ! building the electrical power system for the nation's next Joe D . Serra, Jr. 503 01/30/52 38 .3 That is dedication . major space endeavor, Space Station Freedom . We've also Jesse Seward , Jr. 423 12/21/51 38 .4 developed a directed energy technology capability covering Billy J . Cruce 579 12/07/51 38 .5 Richard F. Knowles 586 11/75/51 38 .5 a wide range of devices and applications, with an optics Dean R . Hansen 425 09/18/51 38 .7 staff unequaled in the nation . Neil B. Paris 656 08/20/51 38 .7 Parnell DeBurgh 538 07/02/51 38 .9 Looking ahead , we see growth opportunities in combined Marceline, E. Villa 538 07102151 38 .9 cycle propulsion (the National Aero-Space Plane); in heavy Norman J. Silvers 512 05/21/51 39 .0 lift vehicles (advanced launch systems ) ; space propulsion Irving Fisher 572 02/05/51 39 .3 and power (for the Space Exploration Initiative); and Carl W. Stevens 558 02/02/51 39 .3 propulsion , space power and directed energy systems for Robert M . Moore 585 01/04/51 39 .4 Loretta D. Larsen 065 12/11/50 41 .1 the Strategic Defense Initiative Office, the Air Force and Paul J. Kisicki, Jr . 598 06/24/48 41 .9 the Army. Wallace A . Erskine 504 11/12/47 42 .5 Donald E . Mussel) 545 06/24/48 42 . 6 All of these successes and opportunities are scarcely an accident. I believe they reflect a very special brand of Frank R . Buzza 519 08/25147 42 . 7 people who prefer bring on the cutting edge of technology; people who are never content with the status quo, who Robert C. Bousman 512 06/30/47 43 .4 are forever looking ahead . Thomas E . Lloyd 298 11/18/46 43 .5 Edwin H . Schaper 550 12/04/46 44 . 9 As you walk through this colorful story, I think you'll see exactly what I mean . And I think you'll be struck by the ample evidence of the energy and dedication that has made Rocketdyne the unquestioned leader in the "I he number endlcates curnulatwe seroice for Kockwell lntenla! ionat, wile the dee industry. indicates the most recent hire or rehire by the Corporation.

R . D . Paster President Veterans of the Long Hau l Rocketdyne Past Presidents

Dept. Hire Date* Servicen Dept. Hire Date` Service " Sam Hoffman Contents I Fockeldyne General Manager from 1955 la 1950, Robert I . Schenck 563 05/16/55 35 .0 Walter Carter, Jr. 292 03/23/54 36.2 Fresideent from 1960 to 1970 Ellis L . Tubbs, Ir 520 05/16/55 35.0 Charles R. Faulders 030 03/22/54 36 .2 Lucien A . Bauer 567 04/14/55 35 .1 Nomick Cynamon 546 03/17/54 36.2 Richard B . Lashmet 098 03/30/55 35 .1 Peter Daniledes 587 03/01/54 36.2 Introduction from the President of the Divisio n Dorald R . Warner 539 03/30/55 35 .1 Bernard L . Haag 505 02/09/54 36.3 2 Darold J. Adam 315 03/28/55 35 .2 James R . Fenwick 545 02/08/54 36.3 Vincent H. Steroart 518 03/23/55 35.2 Miles E. Sage 057 01/04154 36 .4 Merlin L . Boudreaux 586 03/23/55 35 .2 Stanley V . Gunn 589 12/18/53 36.4 A Brief History of Early Rocket Technolog y Howard J. Speer 546 03/21/55 35 .2 Robert L. McRae 544 12/16/53 36.4 Ronnie B. Bragger 553 03/21/55 35 .2 Jerry D . Bostick 293 12/70/53 36.4 5 James R . Johnson 600 03/10/55 35 .2 John A. Fairris 564 01/06/58 36.5 Bill Brenna n 294 03/07/55 35 .2 36.5 Emanuel B. Pinilis John It . Villegas 492 11/11/53 irrnaenl from 19)0 10 197 6 History of the Divisio n Eschol O . Morris 037 03/07/55 35 .2 Macario C . Sanchez 546 11/05/53 36.5 Bernard J. Gerik 539 02/21/55 35 .2 Theodore R . Greene 293 16/22/53 36.6 10 Irvin T. Brake 508 01/31/55 35 .3 Troy) . Burgess 294 16/08/53 36.6 James E . Karl 590 01/31/55 35 .3 Ronald D. Wood 553 15/O5/53 36. 6 History of Atomics International Hoyt L . Murphree 559 01/18/55 35 .3 Burl Stout 538 05/28/53 36.6 Jack R. Thing-l1 515 01/18/55 35 .3 Richard L. Valentine 506 05/28/53 36.6 38 Joseph L . Wade 593 01/06/55 35 .4 Leif S kogstad 622 05/15/53 36. 7 Robert N. Krueger 017 11/28/60 35 .4 36. 7 Melvin C . Simpson 537 05/26/53 Division Profile Dorald M . Larson 655 07/26/56 35 .4 Isaac Turner 422 07/24/61 36. 7 John W. Wooten 222 12/30/54 35 .4 Richard Medeiros 291 05/17/53 36.8 45 Join, F . O'Toole 598 12/01/54 35 .5 Anthony Dapello 057 05/04/53 36.8 Thomas F. Lynn 512 11/22/54 35 .5 James G. McCrea 545 08/28/61 36.8 Norm Ryker Veterans of the Long Hau l Albert E . Wurtz 057 11/22/54 35 .5 Paul N. Fuller 597 10/27/53 36. 8 President from 1976 to 1963 Max C . Yost 659 03/05/62 35 .5 Alan F. Pietrowski 098 07106/53 36. 9 46 Peter J. Bieoiewski 598 11/12/54 35 .5 Francis C. 0 Hern, Ir . 520 06/25/53 36.9 Robin S . Hood, Sr 541 11/03/54 35 .5 Frederick L . Rezler 517 06/08/53 37.0 Warren C . Fazande 510 11/02/54 35 .6 Donald R. Hodson 631 06/08/53 37. 0 Frederick H. Markle 295 10/31/54 35 .6 John H. Burton 635 05/19/53 37. 0 Ronald L. White 514 10/13/54 35 .6 Clarence Irving 546 05/11/53 37. 0 Glenn A . Coffey, Jr . 529 10/04/54 35 .6 Salvador Garcia 579 05/05/53 37. 0 Rudolph L . Romero 556 09/23/54 35 .7 William M. Flournoy 587 04/27/53 37. 1 Ear; D. Simmer 508 09/22/54 35 .7 William F. Froth 597 04/13/53 37 . 1 Tommy L. Christy 052 09/13/54 35 .7 Willie D . Janes 592 03/23/53 37 .2 George A . sopp 545 09/07/54 35 .7 Epifanio H. Delgado 518 03/17/53 37. 2 Charles Arrigoni 579 U8/18/54 35 .8 Burton R. McKee 057 03/13/53 37. 2 Dick Schwartz Ingvard Martin, Jr. 098 08/04(54 35 .8 Helen G . Gordon 569 03/06 153 37 .2 President from 1983 to 7989 Otha L . Fleming 422 07/28154 35 .8 Evere t L. McNamara 087 03/02/53 37 .2 Rudy L . Phillips 660 07/26/54 35 .8 Frederick I . Waechter 520 02/23/53 37 2 Alfred M. Wells 502 07/19/54 35 .8 Cloyde Ange9 315 02/18/53 37.3 Johr, F Hagelston 635 07112(54 35 .9 Frank Torres 519 02117/53 37 .3 Robert H. Jacobs 087 07/12/54 35 .9 Douglas W. Gangey 564 02/16/53 37 .3 Jack A May 539 07/12/54 35 .9 Arvor D . Luusford 556 01/26/5.3 37 .3 Webster IN. Palmquist 600 07/06/54 35 .9 Leonard D. Brown 517 01/12153 37 .4 Terry J. Hughes 579 06/29/54 35 .9 Robert K. Sarterwhile 509 12/08/52 37. 4 Clifford A . Hauenstein 583 06/22/54 35 .9 Gilbert N. Aicala 512 11/06/52 37 .5 Gilbert F . Tellier 585 06/10/54 35 .9 Eliza 1 . Milligan 573 05/10/56 37 .6 Current Division Employee Profile Average age A Salute to Our Customers 41 .6 Average length of servic e 10 .3 year s Employee age range s Under 20 4 20-30 1,604 30-40 2,742 40-50 1,91 4 over the years, Rocketdyne 50-60 1,72 1 has been singularly e- 60-70 573 Hate in working g with the National Aeronautics and 70+ 29 Space Administration, the Department of 8,58 7 Defense, the Department of Energy and Educatio n other agencies that have been both High School or less 4,838 supportive and receptive. Without their Associate 's degree 306 vision and their constant encouragement Bachelor's degree 2,239 and concern, we would not be celebrating Master's degree 943 our own 35 years of achievements . Ph .D . 26 1 8,58 7 Employee types Officials and Managers 775 Professionals 4,275 Technicians 642 Office and Clerical 796 Crafts 1,360 Operatives 60 7 Laborers 4 Services 128 8,587 A Brief History of Early Rocket Technolog y

S even hundred years ago, a Chinese century, however, when the Asidar Ali of India visionary, Wan Hoo, built a rocket- successfully employed an improved rocket powered vehicle . Using the accepted design to rout the British in two successive lightweight structural material of the battles. The rockets were made of bamboo rods time-bamboo-Wan Hoo built this first known and had incendiary-packed warheads and sharp craft large enough to accommodate one nian steel hooks. Ten-foot-long tail sticks helped the and 40 large sky rockets . rockets maintain a relatively stable trajectory for about 1,000 feet . When his kite-like ship had been completed, Wan Hoo climbed aboard and waited eagerly A young British ordnance engineer, William for his 40 assistants to simultaneously ignite th e Congreve, was intrigued by reports of thes e 40 rockets. Dramatically, the battles and he set to rockets roared to life . History work developing a tells us that the ship was any- black-powder rocket thing but successful; after the with a range of about smoke had cleared, the remains 3,000 yards. Con- of the ship were found strewn grove's effort eventu- about the landscape like chop- ally produced a sticks . As to Wan Hoo's further rocket weighing efforts, the chroniclers are about 40 pounds. It unclear; he was never heard had an explosive from again. warhead and a rang e -,4%t of 24 miles. The Some years after Wan Hoo's accuracy of these - rockets was compa- Te,hnirev. wurk .al ne hoe The group thrived, but the fossil energ The merger in October 1984 provided major departure, Chinese tacticians laboratory at SSFL. found a more immediat e rable to that of I y business in the commercial area did not -economies in the former Energy Systems develop as anticipated; DOE support in the Group activities in Southern California and application for artillery of the time, fossil area suffered major reductions ; the offered an organizational foundation and- rockets by using and the rockets were enriched uranium fuel manufacturing structure to foster the continuing effective- them against the far more versatile . In . programs were cut back ; and the Clinch ness of Rockwell'snuclear energy programs . invading Mongol 1813 Congreve River Breeder wedged between political and warriors of Genghis rockets forced the surrender of Danzig when national .'policy considerations was cancelled . Khan. The degree, or they burned much of its food supply, and in These setbacks, together with other'consid- total absence, of 1814 they were launched from the British ship erations, led to a major reorganization in the accuracy of these Erebus against Fort McHenry in Baltimore. The summer of 1984 ; A major portion of the Fossil latter bombardment provided Francis Scott Key energy and environmental monitoring sand Chinese fire arrows control prugrrams (the principal activities Of leads one to conclude that with the inspiration for " . . . the rockets' red glare, the Environmental and Energy Systems they inflicted little physical dam- the bombs bursting in air . . . " Division) was sold to Combustion Engineef- age, but the psychological effect of ing, and the remaining activities were . . I this shower of flaming death wa s In 1917 rockets were given a new role to play- consolidated with the Atomics International quite another matter. The that of air-to-air missiles . Notably, they were Division . The group supporting staff Mongols turned tail and fled used by a colorful group of young flying adven- organizations, Atomics International and from man's first terror weapon . turers known as Spa . 124, or the Lafayette ETEC were then merged with Rocketdyne, Escadrille . The effectiveness of these Prieur while Rocky Flats Plant and Rockwell rockets is illustrated in an excerpt from an Hanford Operations, which were both During the next 400 years, interest in rockets autonomous COCO organizations, became dwindled, primarily because of their lack of account of an observation balloon-bursting part of North American Space Operations . accuracy. Interest was renewed in the late 18th sortie recounted by Arch Whitehouse in his AI and ESG Past Presidents

Chauncey Star r _ At', General Manager f•o m f:.rl+ .rq"h ii 1955 to 1960, Prmdentfrom JmdrA^ _ '~s1 7960 to 196 6

-Iwt i e,- 7"rJ• .

ppogreios , and recover, aand purify irradiated, , mixing of pulveitied'coal and Lydrogin'et, ! uraniumfor'reuse as reactor-fuel. 25000F . The pyrolysis resulted in pipeline _' ' • t - quality gas or a mixture of gas and .hquid • AI contifiuedto expend into other en'viron- / 'Suet, depending on tfie'prgcess variables. An John •` mental an d gnergv systems development- advanced hydrngastficatl'oin 5y s00mwith a ; 1 Flaherty aetidxties inStruthern California . A major capacity o f 18 tons of coal per 0 ay was President from activity w. as'the development of a dry' designed tobe frlstgll ed at SSt0L forpro e`ss 1966 to 197 0 desulfurizatlon aridpafticulate removal - . I testing aftd development -•., ;'system for the Pnlissnon .froilt power plnts, - - t, ° , - n """t'"'"' """"""'" - . By .early 1973 , the djvrsion'S\rostey`stood. t i,, . systems were built at coal burning power ~ 900, em p oyees,Howe er ag gretstjve plants in the Ifnited States _Otte of these was v marketng rand The successftlF capture ,t\ :ofng$ • - 0 kota,Ut lutes Coyote Station near Beulah ° f a`egg 1e f ' t IJOL'opt'ratrng iionfrastslfoXthe Roc Slcy Flag ti. North bakgta with operations mitiatedfn ,and~l-Ianfgid plants together.a tt~r Fhe_, t,; A pril 1,981 . A• similar system was installed / on esi pancton onto il est er de e loP meet an industriaP oiler in Maryland for the; n° -' Herman `, - and em4ronmentsl molutoflrigpnd totitrol Celanese'Corporaiton: Athird system was r Dieckamp 7,,,, , programs `Kesultedamthe-'absntphobµ AI ': ice. r some /,uuu empioyee; rr'orp the tprmer Station near Winnemucca, Nevadaor ,Con -With 1970 to 1978 contractors. tltese'personstelalKlthe ' s truct ion was begun with pl ant startup growth of the orgonfzation at Gendgy t'akk, , s ched uled for April 1985 . However, as. . the staff excepdefl9,OQ0 employeesin;the tate later, the business area was sold to , "1970x indicated . 1. 1 Combustion Engineering in September, 1984, A prior t0 completion of construction . . ' a. . . e entries into new business areas; accompa- . In addition, the dry` flue gas desulfurization' t . . - stied by,the gcowth'in sales and personnel, system was selected for'demonstratitn inan, •, 'insulted in the reorganization in June 1978'of' Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Atomics'Interrationat into the Energy ', - - t project . This project i nc lu dedan i mproved ' Systems Grouup (F G). The grtrp, with Sam version of the desulftrizatfon system in activities in five major business aleas, lacobelli s which the absorbent material was regener, consisted of the supporting staff and five P,esident,A1 and :" - later ESG, from ated•and recycled to minimize both solidi divisions 1978 to 1981 anct IigSxd-waste disposal requirements. The • Atomics International, which cuncentrat system was installed on Niegra-Mohawk's - on nuclear energy programs : - Huntley Station near-Buffalo, New York. • Environmental and Energy Systems: . whictr.was active in fossil energy, systems and Two other energy development projects , - - environmental monitoring and contrbl- gird' initiated -)der contract to 1)OF_ These - services I ' , wers'clirected to two processes for extraction • Energyrfechnology Engineering Center, , of clean-burning gasand liquid hydrocar- which provided'test facilities and' engineering bons from'coal. One process used a molten . services in both liquid-metal systems and Bob salt mixture at high temperature to convert/ energy-related developmen t Williams cgal tn`gac fn, industrial aiipliratinns. A Rnrky Flat -Plant, which pi-otiled key . P,esidetrt, ESG, development unit with a capacity of 24-tons • . activities in the development and production from 1981 t, 1984 of coal per day was installed at SantaSusana of nuclear weapons components and in Field L'abor'atory for testigg the prpcess. - investigation of energy alternatives ' The second method, flash hydropyrolysis, • Rockwell Hanford Operations, which was ,The bated on the rocket engine injector - responsible for the chemical processing /_technologv.developed by Rockwell to radioactive wt aste management, and sit e 'acliieife extremely, rapid and thorough - support services for POE's Hanford Project 7

with Al's demonstrated expertise iii the _ joint program'with General Public Utilities , novel, Legion of the Lafaye tte : "The rockets had were to be in the eastern zone, there was a three- management of sophisticated development " . (GPU) was announced to develop a sodibm- ignited properly, Hall was certain he was dead-on way scramble for the products of the German programs,-the Department of Energy (DOE), cooled fast breeder reactor demonstration with his sight; the missiles had screeched away with a rocket effort-test installations, machine tools, or tolhe AEC, expanded the LMEC plant . A site was selected on thei5usque - ' glorious roar, but when he had pulled out and was research data, blueprints and a large number of charter to include all'DOE .programs . The ' hanna River in northeastern Pennsylvania _ curling away, the old gas bag still shuddered over her intact V-2s-before they were sealed behind the revised operation was designated the Energy within th$ service area of Pennsylvani a . A beautiful attempt, but an a rtistic fizzle- " Iron Curtain . 'Tcchnology'Enginecring Center (ETEC) in . . Electric Company, a CPU subsidiary, and a ' winch 1978,'inyecogriition of this expansion of its conceptual plant design was completed in activities. These new tasks involved manage 1968: -- - In 1919 an American physicist, Robert Goddard, By July 1945, 300 carloads of V-2 components published findings on the feasibility of using taken by the Allies had been shipped to the ment and,testi$g of fossil fuel Programs like .tbe HWOCR and the FBR liquid-propellant rockets as instrument carriers White Sands Proving Grounds at Alamogordo, projects,'olar central station ' stabilized Al's business base in the earl y for exploration of the upper atmosphere, as well New Mexico . American defense services, as well power plants; solar demonstration 1970s . In 1975 a whole'new area was opened as the possibility of reaching the moon . In 1926 as several American engineering concerns ',programs, thergionuelcar. fusion,' when rho division won a'$1 .2 billion contract, at a desolate site near Roswell, New Mexico, including North American Aviation, Inc., began ;geothermal d evelopment, and with the AEC (which later became th e Goddard became the first man to launch a an intensive investigation of the V-2, rocketry otean thermal energy.conversEnergy Research and Development Admini- and guided missiles in general. ,as,d(ell as technical,support to the , stration or ERDA) to operate the Rock3t Flats successful liquid-propellant rocket . Nuclear Regulatory Commission, . Plant near Golden, Colorado, anuclear ETECcontimies,to serve as a. capons component manufacturing facility . American militarists discounted the potential of Much of today's progress in rocketry can be , oontpoitent proving'ground for . This was followed with a contract to Goddard's rocket and were unwilling to provide traced to the early Goddard experiments . His advanced reactor technology, manage and operate a major portion of the the money needed for development. Ironically, vision of a multistage rocket as a means of together with participation in the activities at the AEC's Hanford Plant in the site of Goddard's history-making launch reaching extreme altitudes was realized in development and tenting cf 66th' ' southeastern Washington . became part of the Army's first major missile February 1949, when a WAC Corporal missile ' fdssilfuef and renewable energy experiment station-White Sands Proving mounted on the nose of a captured V-2 was air programs. ,T4e Rocky Flats. plant became a key facility Grounds. launched to 250 miles altitude . for development and Production of nuclear wo dtHer new projects were, weapons :components and otlfer activities -• The military took a strong interest in the new I launched in .the late 1960s. In' ". , difectly refateddo national defense., These If America was apathetic, Germany in 1929 was the first, At and.Combustion activities involved a number of unique. not. Nine men formed a club known as Verein long-range rocket as a weapon . One of the early Engineering formed a'joint venture to processcapabilities and included plutonium fur Raumschiffart, the Society for Space Travel, missile programs was the Navaho, a rocket- develop-he,desigri,okaheavy-water- , processing, fabrication of ur'aitium, beryl- or by its German initials, VFR . The VFR ex- launched, ramjet-powered intercontinental moderated organic-cooled reactor for a, lium and stainless-steel components for panded rapidly and achieved experimental cruise missile. And that's where North Ameri- central station power plant. This program, weapons, ,together with other-production- launchings of some range . The work of Goddard can Aviation-and Rocketdyne-came in. known-as the HWOCR, was conducted related research and"waste treatment. `- contributed significantly to its efforts . In 1933 under contract to the AEC and resulted in Efforts at Rocky Flats vere also aimed at the German Army impressed some young VFR extensive design studies with experimental energy alternatives such as -thedesign and work in cooperation with the Canadian fabrication of laser systems for the nuclear members to produce liquid-propellant war atomic energy effort . Unfortunately, the" fusion areas and the management of a rockets . Eleven years later the German rockets, efforts never progressed beyond design program. for the testing and commercializa- named Vergeltungswaff-Zwei (Vengeance study and developmental testing, and tion of wind energy conversion systems for Weapon 2, or V-2) by Adolf Hitler, were attain- support for the program ceased in late 1967 . farm and rural use. . ing an altitude of 50 miles and were falling regularly on the city of London. The fast breeder reactor (FBR) offered th e The responsibilities of the Hanford Project second opportunit} . With Al's extensive focused on management and operation of Even before V-E day, scientifically-trained l chemical processing efforts, radioactive experience and capability in liquid-meta British and American intelligence teams scou red technology, together with background and waste management facilities and systems , experience in nuclear power plants, the • and site support services . Chemical process- Germany for V-2 personnel and equipment . study and development of FBR designs were ing activities involved the operation and Many of the key German rocket specialists were natural areas to attempt to develop new maintenance of facilities to process irradi,- persuaded to associate themselves with the business . The FER design studies were ' t ated production fuels, purify and prepare, West; others were captured by the East . And 'initiates in 1965, and in the fall of 1967 a' -plutonium for defense and industrial because Germany' s rocket expe rimental stations a i

enginand-power an r' launch'in' 1965'The program continued until depa,= . The Research _'dDepartrrient0' then 1969, with operation of a.reactor system at became the'nucleusfor the Nprth American . power levels up to 1,000 kilowatts thermal, Aviation Science.CAntei and was transferred, i♦ and then was phased ont by the AEC'and from ALas a new organizationalenfity in the reactor was'decoininissioned as require i October 1962 . The Center moved into its new . • rments for s power sources in space quarters, the Dutch Kindelberger Science applications Idid not exist at• .thattime Center in Thousand Oaks; in early 1964 •iT ~ T n I . Even with the transfer of the Research 'hile AI was continurngao grow Depdrtment to the Science Center, Atomifs -darinetheearly'1960s,indlcahons`.• - iadahth,.zNAFe,o6am, ('Scrteer • International conti nued to gfdw" and ft of hard times ahead weed becoming evident.: , t,r Naetasr Avnlmry l"ss,) • hardware ,ca tes'redet SSFL . reached maximum eipployment of a I pproxi -11 The decision ofithe Atonic t ` - - Energy,Commrssioq to hlately 3,70(1 people f 1965 . ~ 7 ' discontinue operation of the • ' ~~ _ ~ ~~ The SNAP program developed fromh SRE ; and.the,kfdllamand ;;L• ' research in reactor physics,'material studies, Piqua uudear power plants'.D hydraulic experiment s, and component . -presaged`a sigirificant , . ; • ,~ ' development, to experimental compact • ',reduction in support'fer, , reactor plants which protet}ped reactor . . . researchfund develp'pmetit- e-• systems for applications in space vehides• associated with those and space systems where eletrical power concepts. These'modes were levels up to tens of kilowatts might be followed by a,dedine in the - : required. The $250 million program resulted development'of nuclear . in the construction of a number of reactor . power for space applications,, . ' and component testing facilities at the Santa . and Al's sales dipped further Susana site. In the early 1960s„with the with the loss of contracts for activation of several SNAP facilities,dogether the production of nuclear with experimental facilities in support of the fuel elements for researc h power plant programs, Al had 10 operating - and test reactors. reactor facilities at its Nuclear Development Field Laboratories-in the Burro Flats area . The division's major efforts This was a far cry from the days in the late were then directed to 1940s and early 1950s when the Santa Susana developing new business, -hills were depicted as the Alps for and a significant new activity Hannibal's crossing iii, an MGM epic, and the came with the contract for rocks were shields for cinematic gun battles the Liquid Metal Engineer- involving desperados on horses. ing Center (LMEC}. In 1966 LMEC was established as a • . The SNAP program culminated in the government-gwned, con- production of fourreactor systems qualified tractor-operated (GOOD). for space flight. One of these was launched facility, qt the Santa Susana into orbit by a Rocketdyne-powered Atlas Field Laboratory. Its aclivi- Agena from Vandenberg Air Force,Base on ties were directed toward the development April 3,1965, where it produced 500 .watts of and testing of liquid-metal components and electrical power for a period of 45 days. systems for nuclear applications. These included such devices as steam generators, Require ments for large quantities of auxil- pumps, valves, flowmeters and othe r iary power projected for space iii the late instrumentation. 1950s did not materialize; and thus the support and sponsorship for the SNAP Because of these successes, LMEC became a program began to decline not long after the significant contributor to AI'sbusinehs . And' . 9

division had'cieated an extremely capable homogeneotts'reactor . This program, whiclf ompanies usually invent Yet at the same time, Rocketdyne has .research development and manufacturing was christened KEWB, Kinetic Experiments themselves , and frequently a expanded its role as a purveyor of organization, and continued to effectively on Water Boilers included the Fdnstruction product along with it . In the power in an even more diverse context. purse e 'clear d lopnient programs of a prototype re etoc in A specially designed C The disciplines indigenous to propul- mid-1950s, Rocketdyne was facility at S an ta Susana. among a small group of propulsion sive power are similarly applicable to In late, 1957, the formatioryof INTERATOM . ' - pioneers who invented not only a other expressions of power . Case in `ikas announced IQmtly by,Al ancf DEA AG , The.facility was in operation from June 1956 TAG, aWest German conipany.involved in' to mid-1966 . Dramatic demonstrations of the product, but an entire business as well . point: Rocketdyne also enjoys a world- the desi>;ii and manufacture of heavy inherent cohtrolond safety in the water For its part, Rocketdyne became a wide reputation as a leader in dire cted macl ;irlfry and sim ilar activities .'By 1958 the boiler research reactoiwere performed . rocket-building company and then energy research and development . In ',officers of this NAA/DEMAG subsidiary . defined what that meant . And almost high energy laser technology, Rocketdyne were splected and Studies of new and diversified applications simultaneously it became, and still is, has been at the forefront of development for'nudear sourcesof power continued. installed in Duisburg, the leading rocket engine company in and applications; and the development of Germany TBe missiori during the 1950x . The AT staff suggested the the Western Hemisphere . directed energy sources for defensiv e of t}rif organization 'use Or stall compact reactors for application s application has been pursued was to, develop the ' in space in 1956 . This resulted in an AEC with vigor and innovation. peacefitl usWdf sponsored study program called Systems for International atomic energy: - Nuclear Auxiliary Power (SNAP), which grew- Through its Atomics into an experi mental and developmental group, Rocketdyne has pursued n conjunction, with program in 1957 ,The first experimental - investigations into viable uses of ' \ ' activities in the facility was a zero-power critical facili ty nuclear energy . In addition, new , nudearpowerplant insta ll ed in one of the blockhouses at Santa ways of generating and using area, weke similab Susana, which' had been built and previously electrical power for space-borne efforts with research I used for experimental activities on rocket' applications have been pursued reactors. As men- - ,en ine fuel . The national space program for nearly a decade . That research tioned earlier, the received a:inajor impetus when the Russians will now be put to work in Space division built the first launched ; Sputnik l in October/1957. This reactor in Californ ia in event also added to the support for AI's Station Freedom. 1952 . The secon d SNAP program .. . i ''California reactor was Thus the correlation is clear: •,,also an Al (or Atomi c Al continued to prosper after the move tq Rocketdyne has devised means of Energy Research - Canoga Park, resulting in the lease of a reaching space and now is devel- Department) job'. This number offaciliti, sin the western portion of oping the means to survive and - second one was a law- the,Valley: The construction of a four- work there as well. And in the pow "water boiler" building complex at 17e'Soto and NordhofI at An earlynita'a" ixcior, built process, the company is being built for the AEC at whatisnow the, the north edge of Canoga Park yeas coin-. fly Al fer.tirhai is rev Il e redefined, this time on an eve n I mnrercae I wernlare National Lawrence'Liverinore National Laboratory pleted.'The complex included a manufactur .- Laboratory amr,Sun l'raocism near San Francisco . With the technology ing building , administration building, , Over the more than 35 years of its broader scale, along with a revised view developed duringtthedesignand construe- .engineering offices and a laboratory build- existence , Rocketdyne has confronted of the product and the business . So that ton of those first two reactors , Al. entered ing . The manufacturing building was and mastered virtually all of the major in the final decade of the 20th century, the commercial marketplace. occupied in early 1959, with moves to the impediments to practical rocket propul- Rocketdyne, by definition and intent, . uthe'e buildings in the,sjroing'of 1960 sion, among them : combustion chamber will continue right there on the storied During this same period, Al developed its cooling in the face of temperatures that cutting edge, still driven by a pioneering expertise in the production of solid fuel for a However, even the 'new facilities soon spring from -400°F to +6000°F ; combus- imperative that will remain for the number of research and test reactors. Phis became inadequate, and a fifth building was tion instability ; vaneless steering; and duration later led'to AI 's role as the prime supplier of added to the complex a ,short time later . In . those .types of fuel elements. Closely related addition; facil ities were also leased from erratic ignition systems . Resolving these to the design and construction of the Thompson Ramo'woolridgein its complex and other issues has firmly established research reactors was an 'AEC-sponsored at Fallbrook Avenue and Roscoe Boulevard . Rocketdyne as the definer of the state of experimental program to study the'dynahic. The leased facilities housed the division's` the art . :behavior and inherert safety of the aqueous -Research Department, along with part oldie OCKETDYNE'S BEGINNINGS ;when the electrical output was used, to light , Organic Moderated Reactor Experiment at date back to the end of World the city of lyloorpark in November 1957. Full, , the'Natfonal Reactod Testing'Station in ' IIIII_ War II when North American ... power of 20 megaw'tt therntehwith an . - -' Idaho, then won the Contract to design; build. Aviation (NAA) formed th e electrical output of approximately 6,500' , . and start the Piqua Nuclear Power Facility, , Technical Research Laboratory to study ki lowatts was a ttained . in May 1958, ' ' , (PNEF) for the" Piqua; Ohio, Municipa l the feasibility of developing guided Power Coippany:-The Piquatplant1;, 1 1was 1 a', J missiles . The first effort involved experi- 5iniultaneotis with the SRE startup was the' ' . relativctt,],ow-powgt' station ; which pro mentation with the propulsion system of PRE progidrtt, gyro reprocessing experiment ;•>-. vided only'i 1:4 'M W., The relatively l ow' the German V-2 missile on the east which prpgfessed into the,rnock-up phase electrical output for PNPF was, 111, .,art,' , parking lot at NAA's Los Angeles facility. and , ias. orie of the earliest heel recycling i k . because the' reactor provided - - These early tests led to a contract to programs. .`t steam to an existing coal'efired .=+ .'f n develop the Navaho intercontinental plant that had been buJlt supersonic cruise missile for the Air Force . he SRE was operated from 1957 to dunng' ;t he N ew beat Rura1 An intensive development program T 1964 -at sodium outlet temperatures of Electrification p gram,days involving an engine for the NATIV (North up.to1000° F, producing superheated..steam s-The-PNPF pla'nt'was situated American Test Instrumentation Vehicle) at 900 °F. The capability of producing steam . across.fhe Miami River from ~-; ensued, which contributed significant at ilwrn was aemonstratea ir operations .. ; toe power plant antt,pehverep . technical and engineering data for the With sodium. outlet temperatures of 1,065°F, ' its steam i t pipes that' - Navaho program. . More than37 million kilowatt hours of - strgtch ld-or oss the,elver: `•' electricitywere generated in slightly.over' the requirement for a remote test site 27,300 hours of reactor operation. The plant Design.for t,hG Hallam Nuclear'. : . became obvious as the experimental effort and theAl opera ting staff became eminent Power Facility was sta lled in - intensified. In 1947 a secluded range in the contributors to the development of the • - Nosember 1957, and con- v Santa Susana mountains was selected . It technology associated with liquid-metal- ; , struclion began in'April'1959. - became the nation's first liquid-propellant components and systems, and high-tempera,,Criticality, with a self- high-thrust rocket engine test facility, later Lure nuclear systems for central station - sustaining chain reaction, was known as Rocketdyne's Santa Susana power . achieved in August 1962, and Field Laboratory . Already the organiza- ` Yule power; which provided tion had grown to over 500 people and A. the SRE was progressing, At was pushing- . , the 75,000 kilowatts electrical' became the Aerophysics Laboratory, a onward to the next phase in the develop- power to the. Consumers grid, separate department of North American meat of the sodiuin graphite reactor technol' . - was attained in July 1963: Aviation . Further growth forced another ogy, expanding• the reactor experiment to a • , etomirsi/etemat,cr~c t organizational change, this time to the full-scale central station power plant. This ' .'Design of the Piqua Nuclear Power Facility designtd and built the Missile and Control Equipment (MACE) dad been encouraged by the amendment to (PNPF) was started in 1957, with constructi9rs . , ` Piqua Nuclear Poo,o F d ty ,:v Ohio . organization and a move to larger the. Atomic Energy Act in 1954, and in . . • . . • beginning in July1959. It became operational facilities in Downey . Januaiy,1955, the AEC announced its First . '.in 1963,'5nd as with the Hallam plant, the A l Power Demonstration Reactor program . One . staff which had beep assigned to'Piqua fogyd In March 1950 the first full-thrust test of a of the reactors in this program was'a full- its, way back to new assignments in Canog a major American rocket engine was scale sodium graphite reactor to be designed Park. The plant was operated by thecityof conducted with the Navaho engine, / by Atomics International and constructed ' Piqua as partof .the municipal utility's signaling the birth of American rocket under AI's supervision for Consumers -: generating capacity until January 1966 when power . New programs and major events Public Power District 6f Nebraska at Hallam, ' technical problems with the organic coolant in came with increasing frequency, thanks to 'Nebraska . The Hallam Nuclear Power ,the radiation environment resulted again in the pioneering technology developed on facility w a 75-MW electrical station to an AEC decision to cease operations and the Navaho program . The Army awarded provide power for the Consumers grid . decommission the plant . For the second time, NAA a contract to develop the Redstone Al was selected to decontaminate and ' engine, and a liquid-propellant rocket 1 he AEC program was so.successful that in . dismantle one of the experimental plants in engine for the Cook sled was delivered to September 1955, the Commission announced the AEC's nuclear power development and the Air Force, accumulating over 100 runs a Second Power Demonstration Reactor ' - demonstration; programs. " without failure. Key technology in this program : Atomics International, which had While Al's efforts did not result in entry into time period was the development of the designed, built and was dperating the the central station power plant market, th e =I i i iii i i iii i

Until its merger with Rocketdyne in 1984, Atomics International was a free- 1 1 standing entity that pursued practical uses for nuclear power . From its early, - beginnings to its present-day research activities, Al's accomplishments have paralleled thegro2uthof atotnic energy .throughout the nation.

OME 35 YEARS AGO in a eeeluded , February 29,1980, when it was no longer , - tube-wall thrust chamber in which the would build a plant in Canoga Park . The Work was also progressing on several area in the Downey plant of North cost effective to continue its operation. It has chamber was fabricated, not of two Los Angeles City Council approved types of small, liquid-propellant rocket American Aviation, Inc . (NAA), a since been completely dismantled an d sheets to form a double wall, but of tubes rezoning of the area , and Mayor Norris engines and solid-propellant rocket group of-engineers and scientists was , decontaminated, and the facility, wa s bent to the configuration of the charnber Poulson signed the ordinance in January motors . Rocketdyne was awarded a exploring a new technology that was a result released for unrestricted use. and brazed together to form the chamber 1955. Construction of the plant immedi- contract by the Navy Bureau of Aeronau- of the discovery of nuclearfission in 1939 . wall . ately followed. tics to design, develop and fabricate a 'This'epochal-event open9d•up the prospectof 'AEC programs grew in the super-performance rocket augmentation aitentirelv.new-source of energy that had first A early 1950s,'the Atomic Energ y The onset of the Korean War in the early North American Aviation established engine for fighter aircraft-the AR been' harfifested-in the bombs used near, the " Research Department flourished, and large r 1950s brought a number of small liquid Rocketdyne as a separate division on engine . end of World War 11. In the early 1950s, thet - quarfers and more laboratories were-needed . and solid rocket development programs November 7, 1955 . The mission of this Atomic Energy Research Department of NAA ' • In March 1954, the AEC announced its Five- to the Propulsion section of MACE. still-infant division, for which Sam In1956 was engaged in iesearch and development for' - Year Program for Power Reactor Develop- • These included a 2 .75-inch Hoffman had been Rocketdyne 'i controlled release of energy from the atom for ' ment . NAA's Atomic Energy Researc h liquid aircraft rocket (NALAR); appointed general 1956 was hailed as "the :.'the production of electric po . This research , . Department s chosen to design, build and - the LAR, a 5-inch version of the manager, was to industrial hero of rocket propulsion" in a and development was then sponsored by the operatelone of five types of reactors . NALAR; the NAKA, a solid- carry on research, trade article about the Navaho interconti- Atomic Energy Commission (AEC),~ which - . I-i • • - propellant aircraft rocket; and development and nental missile. It stated that the Navaho was formed in,19,46 to continue the-Ucrvelop- The reactor type built by NAA was a . - ' the NASTY, a spin-stabilized the manufacturing had several major problems to overcome, ment of nuclear pgwer'for both military and sodiunl-cooled graphite-moderated reactor ; solid-propellant aircraft rocket , of rocket engines but that the propulsion program was civilian ypltcations, These were initiatedliis and the Program became known as the and related items. well in hand, thanks to Rocketdyne . the Manhattan Project by the'drgencvof the Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) . Prelimi- In January 1953, the Rocket J . H . "Dutch" war effort. Among new interests was a nary engineerilag had been done for the SIRE, - Engine Advancement Program, Kindelberger, NAA The tempo of work 'desire to in3'estigate the feasibility of nuclear and a tentative site was selected on NAA REAP, was initiated to probe chairman of the quickened, with more technology in propulsion scenarios: ' ' • 'property in the Santa Susana hills, where beyond the state of the art board, said, than 500 additional other parts of•the corporation were•proetuc',' represented by the Navaho "Creation of the people hired to work in Sam aoflman One of the projects that resulted was the in rocket engine development. Intensive . accomplishments . It provided Rocketdyne Divisio n Canoga Park. The design, construction and operation of the,first ' design work began in June 1954, and design criteria for high-thrust liquid marks continued progress of our work in the division's second major nuclear reactor in California. A source of , , construction was started at the Santa Susana oxygen/kerosene rocket engines design, development and manufacture of structure in Canoga neutrons was needed for one of the reactor sitE in-April 1955 . . (Navaho engines were fueled with large, liquid-propellant rocket engines . We Park-the 50,000- physic's projects, so a small aqueous, homoge alcohol) . The contributions of this effort now are manufacturing engines for a number square-foot annex neous reactor called the Water Boiler Neutron In Noverrther 1955, the formation of the were significant, improving the Navaho of missile programs and recently signed a building at the south- Source (WBNS7was froilt.and put into Atomics International (AD Division from the' and providing the basis for the future license agreement with Rolls Royce, Limited, west corner of The We,, BailerNeutian .operation hn April 21, 1952. The-reactor wa"s Nuclear Engineering and Manufacturing Atlas engine. for manufacture of North American-designed Vanowen and Canoga Source (WBNS)in operation in eaey 1550s. rf operated at power levels up to 4 watts and - Depart ment was announced by the North rocket engines in Great Britain ." Avenues-was served asan excellent neutron source for a American Aviation Corporate Office . The first Redstone missile was launched completed. Early engine firing in the parking number 'bf'reactbr physics.programs. It didn t ' . Coincidentally, the establishment of Al in mid-1953 . In early 1954 an Air Force On the same date, Atomics International lot at L. Angeles Airport. really boil water, as one might guess'frorr, the' corresponded with thecreation•of Rock- contract was awarded to develop booster (AI) was established as a division, and Rocketdyne also 4-yeah power level, but .a small amount at ' _ etdyne as a division, so both entities share , and sustainer engines for the Atlas Dr. Chauncey Starr was named general delivered the first Atlas, Thor and Jupiter hydrogen and oxygen from decompositidn of the same birth date . intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). manager. The history of Al and the engines . On its first flight on September the water.was released"fr om the solution into ' This was followed by two additional Energy Technology Engineering Center 20, a Redstone engine powered a Jupiter a tank during operation-hence•the designar' . The new Atomics International Division was, s major engine contracts for the Air Force (ETEC) is discassed later . C to an unprecedented altitude of 682 -lion "water boiler"i hou's'ed in Canoga Park, and construction of Thor and Army Jupiter-both intermedi- miles, landing 3,400 miles from Cape the,SRE was completed in February 1957. . ate-range ballistic missiles . The first contingent of about B50 general Canaveral-a record that wasn't equaled The WBNS was operated at Downey until The facility included an electric powe r administration, engineering and support- by the United States for another two mid-1956, when it was dismantled and generating system installed by Southern The move ing personnel from the Slauson and years. moved to a facility at the Santa Susana Field California Edison to provide power to-their toward establish- Dee ri ng facilities of North American Laboratory (SSFL) . A number of design grid and operational experience of a nuclear 1955 ing Rocketdyne as a Avia ti on moved into Canoga Park on During that year, the Air Force and changes were made to increase the power plant for their staff . The fniJiul self-sustaining separate division of North American November 14. 1 Another 1,700 -mostly Rocketdyne jointly announced that the level to 3 kilowatts to provide a significant chatn•reaction or "criticality" was achieved Aviation began in 1954 when the manufacturing and purchasing depart- division would operate a plant in increase in the available neutrons and offer ' on April 25, 1957. The SRE became the first company purchased 56 acres in Canoga ment personnel from the Slauson, Beverly Neosho, Missouri, to further facilitate the -greater flexibility in the use of the reactor. - nuclear reactor in the United States to ' s, ' Park from the Warner Ranch. In the Hills and Deeri ng facili ties-moved to the production of large, liquid-propellant Operation of the reactor continugd'until, -produce power fora commercial : power grid summer of 1954 NAA announced it new site by the end of the year. rocket engines for guided missiles . 1 2 37

Top, the Cook sled in action. Middle, esolid -rocket booster for the f'- 100. ttotto,r , the Nawho takes /light.

At the annual conference of the Aviation complimented by Major General J . W . engineering feat, SPEL facility required two full In the summer of 1990 Rocketdyne Division of the American Society of Sessums, vice commander of the Air Force provides an electronic days to cover the three- captured a multimillion dollar contract Mechanical Engineers at the Statler Hotel Research and Development Command, for "island" that is as nearly mile road . for ASAT. in Los Angeles, Rocketdyne's display developing the liquid rocket engines for isolated as currently featured an institutional story display the Thor and Atlas missiles so quickly and possible, and features ELV won yet another And in another teaming arrangement, and a scale model of a rocket test stand so well. complex circuiting contract for 15 new Rocketdyne proposed a combined effort and a rocket engine . hardware that will allow RS-27As, with an option with Aerojet and Pratt & Whitney in simulation of almost any for an additional 20 Indicative of the division's increased Bob Paste r further ALS engine development . The Early distinguished visitors to Santa activities was the activation of a produc- possible power scenario engines, and the new fina l team agreed to pursue the joint design of Susana included Secretary of Defense tion plant for Thor and Atlas engines in that Space Station Freedom will ever assembly facility was activated at SSFL, a a hydrogen/LOX engine with a 560,000- Charles Wilson and Admiral Arthur Neosho, Missouri. encounter. Meanwhile, station design and major step in the division's TQM efforts . pound thrust level . Radford, chairman of the Joint Artist's rendering ofSpace Station Freedom in orbit in the late 1990s . Chiefs of Staff. Later that year, more The biggest shock of the year for Rock- than 150 journalists visited the etdyne employees came on July 11 when Santa Susana Field Laboratory for the secretary of the Air Force announced their first glimpse of the largest that the Navaho program was being rocket engine test facility in the discontinued because newer technology Western Hemisphere . Reporters had bypassed it . Work was stopped on could see firsthand how the the Navaho program and layoffs started laboratory had grown from its immediately . At the time of termination, original 600 acres of wasteland in nine production-type missiles and 13 1947 to a three-square-mile complex boosters had been completed. Four had containing intricate research, been flown. The Navaho program had testing and development facilities . been a highly successful effort, creating a storehouse of inventions and technologi- On Octobe r cal breakthroughs . 4, 1957, the 1957 Soviet Union During that same year, Rocketdyne was orbited Sputnik I, making it the first awarded a research contract by the Air country to launch an artificial satellite. Force to study the feasibility of ion Ironically, the failure of the United States propulsion for deep-space probes. At the to be the first in space was due partly to same time, the division revealed that it its superiority in strategic weapons was forging ahead in more down-to-earth technology during the early 1950 . . The propulsion systems and was using a initial hydrogen bombs of both countries liquid-propellant rocket engine to were bulky devices, but the United accelerate 5,000-pound test sleds to 900 States was ahead in reducing the miles per hour in 4.2 seconds . weapon's size. U. S. planners therefore Rocketdyne's sled engines had been used derided to defer building ICBMs until at Edwards and Holloman Air Form Bases the smaller warheads became available . for more than four years in connection The Soviets took the opposite course. with missile and aircraft development They went ahead and developed the programs. development forged ahead, with Space Reflecting the success of the NASP massive rockets needed to carry heavier Station Freedom now planned for materials consortium, the Bush Adminis- bombs . These . .eh ides later g- mpletion and occupancy at the earl of tration approved the formation of a five- that country a significant edge in early Sam Hoffman, Rocketdyne's general the decade. company contractor team to oversee the space exploration . manager, was named a vice president of design and development of the entire North American Aviation, Inc. An In June a double-walled tube steam aircraft-or spacecraft-with a first flight Rocketdyne forged ahead in its rocket estimated 30 million Americans saw generator, a part of the SABER program targeted for 1997 and a first orbital flight engine programs, with the first succes ..f„1 Santa Corona daring a dramatic, live was delivered to ETEC. Working the sef for the end of the decade Rocket- flight tests of both the Atlas and Thor network telecast of rocket engine tests component's 210-foot length around dyne's Barry Waldman was named to engines . Rocketdyne employees were performed there. some of the hairpin curves leading to the head the new NASP team . 36 CITY LIMITS: OUTER SPACE

The movement of Americans west to California ce the end of World War It i, the greates t migration of people in the history of the world in so short a time . An impressive facet of this Artist', rende'ings of the move has been the settlement of Californians National Aero-Space Plane and of many industries in the San Fernando (NASA it pry atrlwar Valley. late in this decide,

delivered and deployed, the program was final go-ahead-Rocketdyne or Pratt & Rocketdyne received first place in miles into the South Atlantic, bringing Rocketdyne, a division of North American declared a resounding success . A contract Whitney-to bring the NASP propulsion achievement in public relations from the nation' s ballistic missile capability to Aviation, has joined the movement out to the for 31 additional stages followed. system to life . the Industry Film Producers Association full intercontinental status. Valley, locating in Canoga Park, a small for its motion picture, Road to the Stars. community embracing a good any of the two Advanced Programs captured a contract Late in the year, the mantle of Rock- The film was also nominated for an The first big booster engine that would and a half million acres of farmland still to study the needs and challenges-from etdyne leadership was passed to Bob Academy Award. see future service in the Apollo program remaining in Los Angeles County. a propulsion perspective-of lunar and Paster, Rocketdyne's fifth president . was born when the Department of Mars excursions. Advanced Programs, With the success of his guidance of the 1958 Defense's Advanced Research Project Yesterday the fields surrounding Canoga Park aided by RPS, also conducted successful SSME program, Bob was a clear choice to America Agency approved a research and in the West San Fernando Valley were marked testing of EMRLD, firmly establishing the head the division into the 1990s . 1958 was taking its development program for a launch with the wagon ruts of the Butterfield Stages validity of Rocketdyne's work in that key first step toward the conquest of space, vehicle powered by eight uprated Jupiter and the footsteps of the elusive bandit, Joaquin program . With the strong and Rocketdyne was thrust into the engines (later known as the H-1) . In Murrieta. Today they provides home for the backing of both national limelight . The first U . S . addition, Rocketdyne received a contract most advanced engineering in America . On the After an extensive development process, a 19 9 0 the corpora tion and satellite, Explorer I, was launched into to develop a big brother to the H-1 . In the land is spelled out in concrete and steel one of prototype hover vehicle was successfully Bob Paster, Total Quality Management orbit on January 31-four months after 1 .5-million-pound-thrust class, that the free world 's answers to the Communist tested at Edwards Air Force Base . The (TQM) was instituted at Rocketdyne. A the first Russian Sputnik. It was engine was to win worldwide recognition threat--power for outer space . entire vehicle, including propulsion was dramatic new philosophy of management powered by a Rocketdyne Redstone as the F-1, the mightiest rocket engine designed and built by Rocketdyne for the practices with clearly stated disciplines engine from Cape Canaveral, just eight ever conceived by man. The big buildings, erected at a cost of 94 million Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDbO) . and techniques. TQM emphasizes both years and one day after the first engine dollars and covering 310,000 square feet of management and manufactu ring pro- test at Rncketdyne's Santa Susana Rocketdyne also started development of space, shelter the largest industry in the Wes( With power by Rocketdyne's RS-27, an cesses to ar rive at a consistently superior facility . This space feat caused a a seven-ton rocket sled that would Valley . The one thousand employees at the Air Force Delta II launched the first product . All Rocketdyne managers rebound of America's pride. which had outspeed a bullet shot from a rifle and forty-acre Canoga Park site together with the production Global Positioning Satellite received training in TQM and were been bruised by the Russian's Sputnik streak to speeds of 1,700 miles per hour- fourteen hundred in the Propulsion Field (GAS) . Also in that year, the RS-27 required to put the new techniques into launch . Two more Explorer satellites nearly two and a half times the speed of Laboratory in the nearby Santa Susana powered the first commercial Delta practice immediately. were launched successfully during the sound-powered by the RS-2, a liquid- Mountains, area sizable segment of the West launch . year . propellant rocket engine that developed Valley population . The present monthly payroll In March the 100th flight of a shuttle 160,000 pounds of thrust. is a new and important factor in the Valley On the Hill, a new ETEC steam facility engine was recorded . Following the success of Explorer I, economy . . called SABER, steam accumulator Wilbur M Brucker, secretary of the The year also marked the first flight of an blowdown evaluation rig, swung into After delays and complexities of nearly a Army, wrote a letter to Dutch Kin- F-104 aircraft augmented with Rock- Quite naturally questions have been asked by action in the Bowl Area . A one-of- a-kind, decade, the Hubble Space Telescope was delberger, North American Aviation's etdyne's AR2-3 rocket engine. The oper- the residents of Canoga Park: What is , in which he the mechanism packed a flow capability finally borne into orbit by the Shuttle chairman of the board ational readiness of the Rocketdyne- Reckeldyne? What's going on inside those big of up to 10-million pounds of steam per Discovery . However, post-launch testing called the event "one of the most ? powered Redstone missile was demon- buildings signi cant of this century ." Brucker hour . eventually revealed flaws in the tele- fi strated after a successful launching at the scope's elaborate mirror system that will added, -Your own contribution and those The Rocketdyne division is an organization White Sands Missile Range in New The Advanced Launch System team won limit performance, pending repairs . of your associates in the Rocketdyne Mexico. It was the first time a Redstone responsible for the design, development, and an S85 million technology contract to The highly successful free electron laser Division have played an important part in had been launched from an inland manufacture of rocket engines for aircraft and first continue its work on new, less costly program that had been conducted jointly this step into space and a new age . position to an inland target. missiles. It is one reason why Fortune liquid engines, with an emphasis on by Stanford University and Rocketdyne Were it not for your fine work in the magazine, in its December 1955 issue said heavy-lift capabilities . was moved to Duke University . In engineering and production of the Jupiter C North American "has the country's best addition to continuing research into (Redstone) first-stage rocket engine, the ,The value integrated and probably the biggest missile Al joined forces with General Atomics to medical and defense applications, new orbiting of Explorer on the first attempt and need for research orgarr¢atian" . . . Rocketdyne has bent examine the viability of thermiomic investigations were begun into space- might not have been a resounding success . 1959 Rocketdyne' s charged by the men who guard America to nuclear systems for military applications . based feasibility . Duke University and I congratulate you and join with my liquid-propellant rocket engines in the develop large rocket engines ofsuch concen- At the NASP facility in Westlake, both UCLA and Cal-Berkley will be countrymen in giving heartfelt thanks to nation s future objectives in space were trated power that they can drive missiles at Rocketdyne passed a test module Rocketdyne's partners in this work . you and your organization . " recognized in several different ways . supersonic speeds from one continent to review and an interim technical review another . with flying colors. Both examinations The Space Power Electronics Labora- Rocketdyne engines also boosted an Rocketdyne's reliable Redstone engine were scheduled to lead to another tory (SPEL) was opened at the De Soto Atlas ICBM on its first successful full- was assigned the history-making role of (Excerpted from an article appearing dovrnselecl the following year to site, and actual testing started one week power, long-range test flight and later powering the first manned space flights in the Skyline (predecessor to the determine who would be granted the ahead of schedule. A significant hurled another Atlas ICBM some 6,325 in NASA's Project Mercury program. Rockwell News), February 1956) A rare night launeh of the space shuttle in 1989 .

Redstone was selected because of its high ing subdivision called Nucleonics was In 1988 Rocket- reliability that was demonstrated in more also established . It embraced nuclear didyne sent the than 50 flights . Mercury test flights propulsion, electrical propulsion and 11988 shuttle back into powered by Rocketdyne engines began in nonpropulsive power generating space an d brought home the contract for August, with the first of eight "Little Joe" systems . the space station elect rical power system. capsule launches, two with monkeys Above, early ha,dwure ilanalion aboard. Redstone engines were used to The highlight of There was rejoicing on a national scale in on the Hill. Middle, an Atlas power spacecraft on ballistic trajectories. Rocketdyne's September as the Shuttle Discovery rose s aloft Bottom, lest of a Then, Atlas engines were used to place Redstone engine. fifth year of slowly from the launch pad and took the spacecraft in orbit . 1960 nation's space program back into the fast operation was phasing out two earlier lane . Even comedian Robin Williams got NASA, convinced that man could be engine systems and starting on a new one . During this year, the last Redstone into the act with his wakeup call to the boosted safely to the moon by a cluster of and Jupiter engines rolled from the shuttle astronauts on their first morning F-1 engines, awarded Rocketdyne a $102 Canoga assembly lines . Work began on a in space with a hearty,"Goooood morning, million contract covering a four- to six- new hydrogen- fueled, upper-stage J-2 Discovery!! Good morning, Discovery!!" year development program for the 1 .5 Rocketdyne' s main engines performed million-pound-thrust, single-chamber F-1 engine following the award of a $44 flawlessly once again and America's engine . A $25 million contract for the million contract from NASA . primary access to space was back in production of Thor engines was also business . negotiated as the engine passed its final Rocketdyne's Solid Rocket Division and most important test to become the received four contracts: one for the free world's first operational strategic production of gas generators for the The exciting work on the propulsion system for the NASP also continued and ballistic missile . The examinations, called Tartar and Terrier missiles; another for the Contractors' Technical Compliance research and development for ad- now moved into Phase 2B of the develop- vanced technology in solid propulsion; ment process . Inspection, were administered by a Rocketdyne's Directed Energy staff 1 n With the a third for the production of M-34 formal Air Force Board of Inspectors. scored with the first operation of the (xJ successful boosters for use in launching KD2U-1 ETEC made news under the heading of Rocketdyne/Stanford FEL ina master 1 return to flight in target drones; and the fourth for subcon- cogeneration. With a turbine and 9 9 Both the Atlas and Thor missiles were oscillator-power amplifier configuration . the previous year, the space shuttle tract for limited production of solid- generator constructed expressly for the announced ready for operational use The technology offered potential for use program moved back into full swing. propellant boosters to be used in the purpose, ETEC funneled the heat during 1959. The first H-I engine was in both defense and medicine. Five launches were recorded, all powered delivered to the Army Ballistic Missile fabrication and flight testing of Redhead- produced from its steam generator by Rocketdyne's SSME . In May the crew Agency at Redstone Arsenal in Hunts- Roadrunner, a new target missile system testing into the creation of electricity that With the Expendable Launch Vehicle of STS-30 opened the cargo doors of the for the Army . was then harvested and delivered to the ville, Alabama. (ELV) program moving ahead at full Atlantis and sent the spacecraft Magellan commercial electrical grid for Southern speed , Rocketdyne delivered Delta on its multiyear voyage to investigate California . Revenue from the sale of the In 1959 Rocketdyne also revealed that it The first P-4 engine was delivered and engines to both McDonnell Douglas for and map the planet Venus . And in electrical power was used to offset costs had developed four versions of a midget the first public showing of a full-scale its commercial contract with the Air October, Atlantis sent the probe Ulysses of the system and further system auxiliary rocket engine that could propel mockup of the F-1 engine was made Force and to NASA . on its way to take a close up look at development space vehicles or could deliver tremen- during Armed Forces Day at Edwards . ETEC's contract with the Jupiter. DOE was also renewed for another five dous bursts of power for jet fighter Air Force Base. AI's continuing DIPS program moved years . planes or commercial aircraft. Develop- into the dynamic cycle selection process Funding was approved for the space ment began on another tiny new engine, The year also marked the inception of settling on a closed Brayton cycle ap- station power program, and the team d esignated the P-4, for use as a target America's successful satellite series In laser work, EMRLD achieved "first proach. Design for the nrultimegawatt completed the breadboard development drone . weather satellites like the Tiros and light" in May, and the iodine laser (MMW) power was also started . hardware and drew up plans for new Nimbus-which were launched by conducted successful rotogenerator And at SSFL a breadboard version of laboratories to be constructed at th e operations Plans were announced to acquire the Rocketdyne-built Thor engines . Tiros I, . the exotic new XLR-132 was demon- De Soto site . Later in the year, NASA Phillips Petroleum Company's interest in orbited by NASA in April, gave Ameri- strated, advancing work on Rocket- solicited suggestions for a name for the Astrodyne, Inc. This resulted in the s their first look at the Earth through a The ALS team began work on two new dyne's first high chamber pressure, station, finally settling on Freedom . establishment of Rocketdyne's Solid dazzling series of cloud pictures that engine concepts: A LOX/hydrogen type pump-fed, storable engine, while SSME Rocket Division at McGregor, Texas, with added a new dimension to weather and a LOX /hydrocarbon ( propane or tests were terminated at SSFL and At Peacekeeper, the 18th and final Tom Meyers as manager of Solid forecasting . biros I broadcast more than methane) engine . At one point there moved to the Stennis Testing Laborato- development launch was successfully Propulsion Operations . A new engineer- 19,000 pictures to Earth. Many of these were four candidate designs . ries in Mississippi . completed. With 50 missiles actually 34

Top, F'eedom teem, with astronaut Alan Shepard onfbmrd . gods id, space Middle, Shepard prepares for the first Amerirnn suborbital flight. Bottom, essstruete,, m ahead ou au SSFL test 'Mud ...... h and development flights were and the flight-eight XLR-132 (storable) shipsets of Atlas MA-5 engines for its pictures were responsible for saving This and several other key proputsion successfully completed, all of which contract was captured. Both were commercial launch services, and then countless lives by providing advanced accomplishments by Rocketdyne contributed to the award of a follow-on designed for upper stage use. Using went on later in the year to increase the warnings of hurricanes that developed at undoubtedly prompted President John F . contract for 25 additional stages. Rocketdyne resources, Advanced order to 61 engines as a result of its own sea, for from the nearest weather station. Kennedy to create a national goal of Programs also moved the division into win of the Air Force's MLV-II competi- landing men on the moon before the end The Energy Technology Engineering very new territory-a combined cycle tion for launch vehicles . Almost as successful was the series of of the decade . In a speech to Congress on Center (ETEC) celebrated its 20th propulsion system for the National Aero- communications satellites orbited by the May 25, Kennedy said, "We have examined anniversary as a worldwide center for Space Plane, or NASP . The renewed activity of Atlas and Delta United States . The first, Echo I, boosted where we are strong and where we are not, liquid metal technology, component led to increased activity at SSFL. In into orbit in August 1960 by a Rocket- where we may sas see . I and where we may testing and a broad range of heat transfer 1 ^ n On May 2 support of testing programs for both dyne-built Thor engine, reflected signals not. Now is the time to take longer strides, development programs, including the `y/ (xf / Rockwell Power engines, Alfa and Bravo test areas were sent from the ground to orbit and back to time fora great new American enterprise; atmospheric-fluidized-fed air heater at Services (RPS) modified extensively. And down the Earth . time for this nation to take a clearly leading the El Segundo site. opened its doors in Albuquerque. A road at ETEC, testing began for advanced role in space achievement, which in many wholly-owned subsidiary, RPS liquid metal reactor designs and a new Thor's record in launching those satellites ways may hold the key to our future on was formed to serve its primary reactor air cooling system, along with prompted Major General O . J . Ritland, Earth ." customer, the Air Force Weapons experimentation on piping fragility to commander of the Air Force Ballistic Laboratory, and is staffed by seismic activity . Missile Division, to laud the Thor The first time that an American flew in former Rocketdyne employees . development program as "one which will space occurred in May when Com- not easily be surpassed ." The Air Force also mander Alan B . Shepard was launched At At, a major program, DIPS (dynamic praised Rocketdyne's MA-3 propulsion by a Rocketdyne-powered Redstone on a The space shuttle program isotope power system), was started in system for the Atlas, which became the suborbital flight . Shepard event to an continued in a launch-hold November, and was valued at $115 status as NASA and the various country's first system of multiple rocket altitude of 155 miles and 302 statute million . manufacturers of STS hardware engines to successfully complete pre- miles down range . An identical flight conducted further studies and scribed Air Force qualification tests . was made two months later by Major Responding to a congressional mandate subsequent modifications to Virgil I . Grissom. Both launches were preclude any recurrence of the for a totally new launch system that By its fifth anniversary, Rocketdyne had from Cape Canaveral, and both flights could reduce hardware and system costs Challenger tragedy . The 5SME grown from 4,000 employees in the San enabled the astronauts to test the by a factor of 10, Rocketdyne began work was subjected to the most Fernando Valley to 10,000 employees spacecraft's controls, evaluate their on the Advanced Launch System , or ALS . exhaustive, relentless testing who occupied major facilities in three response to rocket-powered flights and Jerry Johnson was named to head the program in rocket engine states . Its total plant area had expanded familiarize themselves with space flight . effort. history. One engine was from the original 320,000 square feet to actually run continuously for more than two million square feel of floor In April an F-1 engine produced an A special elfeats photo of a laser test bed. 2,017 seconds at full power in In December the research of more than space . unprecedented thrust of more than 1 .5 the test stand . The critical item s eight years was brought to fruition with million pounds at Edwards rocket site. Laser technology advanced on several list for the engine were greatly increased, Rocketdyne's capture of the go-ahead to In the decade just concluded, American Later, static tests began on complete fronts tinder the directed energy banner . and the push was on to launch in mid- develop and build the electrical power rocket engines grew in thrust from 75,000 F-1 engines . This was after the nation's Progress continued on the iodine laser, 1988. system for the space station that would pounds to 1 .5 million pounds. The very largest complex of multimillion-pound- on the excimer (or EMRLD) laser, and on be constructed in the 1990s. Valued at first test crew at Santa Susana consisted thrust test stands was activated at the free electron laser (FEL) at Stanford. In a three-way downselect among over $15 billion, the award called for of four engineers and 13 mechanics. On Edwards Air Force Base for full-scale In a landmark achievement, spontaneous potential developer/manufacturers for a Rocketdyne to work in concert with the 10th birthday of the test site, more testing of the F-1 engine. emission was achieved on the FEL, a propulsion system for the NASP, NASA's Lewis Research Center in than 2,250 test engineers, mechanics and device that would later produce some of Rocketdyne survived into the second Cleveland to create a space-borne power support personnel were employed . The historic first launch of the Saturn I the most powerful laser pulses in the phase of a design cycle, along with Pratt system that would serve the space station space vehicle at Cape Canaveral was a world . in Whitney, while General Electric fell by for 30 years. At a celebration marking spectacular success corder the power of the wayside . The win was seen as a the occasion, an ebullient George 1961 During 1961, a cluster of eight Rocketdyne H-1 In April a press conference was held at harbinger of company involvement in an Hallinan, vice president of the space Rocketdyne engines, generating 1 .5 million pounds SSFL to promote Rocketdyne's advances entirely new type of propulsion . Ad- station power team, observed the engine system s of thrust- The 162-foot-long vehicle, in solar dynamic power . vanced Programs also captured a major enthusiasm of his fellow workers and distinguished themselves in several weighing nearly one million pounds, iodine laser contract in 1987 . General remarked, "I wish see could tutlle this day!" ways. Most notable was the launch of lifted majestically off the ground on And in Advanced Programs the experi- Dynamics expressed its confidence in Work on the contract commenced on America's first manned suborbital space October 27 in a virtually flawless mental RS-44 (cryogenic) was hot fired Rocketdyne by placing an order for 18 December 23 . flight . maiden flight. As it flew its 200-mile Rocketdyne and Atomics International-Propulsion and Power 33

I came to Rocketdyne in 1957, an aircraft engineer five years out of college, long on enthusiasm, but definitely short on propulsion experience.

But in 1957 the time was right to learn and stretch . In thefall of that year the Soviets had launched Sputnikh and space technology became a major issue all across a surprised and chagrined America . At Rocketdyne there was a strong, con togwus sense of urgency that was coupled with teamwork and learning. UCLA was offering after-hours special courses, some taught by recognized word experts . At the same time, division training sessions were also outstanding. Our principal instructor was George Osherof Fer.,ounel, and most of the material was authored by our own experts-Rocketdyne engineers , managers and senior executives. George's excellent off-hours On April Administrator Jesse W . Moore. uring overal rin introductory s demanding, but highly rewarding "boot camp " for aspiring propulsion engineers . 15 it wa s oht com engin leers were more became generou wit launch , f three neuVS ac snlicaUti• ns a prdim oting health It was est mated thatd, knowledge to become contributors. h that Rocketdyne had won one of thesatellites repair of a non-working f o l 1,800 people attended, participating i n the two NASA contracts for satellite . events such as 5K and 10K races, an Along the way, Rocketdyne engines launched the first U .S. satellite, Explorer 1, in early 1958 . And as the division team worked a nd research and study on Work acrobathon for the American Heart learned and grew, we developed and built those H-1s, F-Is and 1-2s that put men on the moon, and did the research and advanced Package 4 of the space station. This The incredibly consistent Delta launch Association, and Health and Recreation design that led to the SSME win and to establishing our position in the emerging field of laser technology. work package dealt with definition vehicles, powered by Rocketdyne engines, Expo tents . and preliminary design of the celebrated their 25th anniversary with a In 1973 1 had the opportunity to move on to Atomics International, another station's power system and space record of 166 payloads into orbit over the The Challenger outstanding organization , which also had a strong tradition of excellence. platform, comparing the advan- previous 25 years . tragedy domi- These were the men and women who, among other accomplishments, built the tages of a photovoltaic system to 1986 nated both the news first nuclear reactor to put electric power on a commercial utility grid and those of a solar dynamic system. At Atomics International (AI), now and the American space program as no put the first auxiliary nuclear power system in space. The contract covered a 21-month merged with Rocketdyne, design began other event had done since the days of period and was worth $6 million . on SAFR, sodium-advanced fast reactor, Apollo . In a fiery explosion just 72 From my perspective today I believe the melding of Rocketdyne and Al has Rocketdyne was named team leader on that was found to be inherently safer than seconds after liftoff, the Orbiter, with all created a unique entity, blending those two "Ps propulsion and power, into this effort, working with Ford Aerospace existing reactors . seven crew members, was lost, resulting the high-technology organization whose activities span the past, present and and Communications, Sundstrand Energy from a leak in one of the solid rocke t future of mankind's accomplishments in space. Systems, Garrett Corporation and Harris Racketdyne's solar dish at 55FL. boosters . With a heightened Sam Iacobellis Corporation. emphasis on safety and Execnthre Vice Peesidentand reliability, Rocketdyne re- ChiefOpemting Officer An important part of meeting SSME examined the SSME-a Ralaoelt International program demands was the rapidly design that had already advancing completion of the Overhaul performed superbly Center . On June 4, 1985, the Center was throughout the STS pro- Early Technology Challenges ...and Solution s dedicated, with Dr . William Lucas, gram-and made some two director of the Marshall Space Flight dozen improvements and • The axial hydrogen pump was the accepted solution for pumping hydrogen Center, and George Jeffs, president of upgrades . Those modifica- North American Space Operations, as tions were also applied to with its success in the 1-2 . For higher pressures, it did appear that the guest speakers. In his comments, Dr . the Phase II version of the centrifugal pump was the solution . On the Air Force Aerospike contract, we Sam laeohelti, (at right ) and Ed Montcath co st Lucas described Rocketdyne as the "home engine that was released youthful, admiring glances at Aerospike, a n designed a centrifugal three-stage pump, considered radical at the time . By of the world's finest rocket engines." that year . ouatine engine conceptol the late 1960s-that the time we finished contracts with both the Air Force and NASA, all the According to Dr. Lucas, the Center an, very definitely test fired. skeptics---customer and in-house alike-were convinced that the approach showed the progressive attitude of As a further impact from was sound. Another gets for the SSME . American industry and its workers in the Challenger, the expend- meeting scientific challenges . able launch vehicle concept • Combustion instability was accepted as an inevitable failure mode of large liquid rocket engines until Atlas encountered failures on was regenerated after a call two successive launches . That brought on the decision to invest in a multipronged research program that not only solved the Atlas The year had its trying moments, too . from President Reagan for problem but produced baffled injectors for the F- 1 and the SSME and enhanced their successes. After 18 perfect launches, one of the three a new mixed fleet scenario. shuttle engines experienced premature Expendable Rocketdyne • While the small engine business certainly has had its up and downs, Sam Hoffman's decision to start up a separate Small Engine shutdown prior to the planned 520 workhorses, the Atlas and Division established our leadership in that product line. seconds of operation . Fortunately, the Delta, were aggressively shuttle was able to continue the launch Other a reas continued to demonstrate marketed as viable engines for military • With lots of small engine experience, and Norm Ryker's decision to make an all-out effort to win Peacekeeper, we were able to capture another major program at a time when business seemed to be going down . and carry out the remainder of the mission their strength such as the Directed and NASA launches, and also for with the other two engines . Studies of the Energy group, which won another Air commercial applica tions . By the end of • Looking back, it isn 't evident that research creeds are cud product at which to be directed . Soured approaches to basic problems lead to shutdown showed that it was due to Force optical contract called LOOMS, the the year, NASA awarded Rocketdyne a faulty temperature sensors, and not a Peacekeeper Stage IV, and the Atlas contra ct for four RS-27 engines to power success regardless of the specific application . The Acrospike was the wrong objective, but looking at our total history of experience, serious problem with the engine. engine systems . Delta spacecraft. NASA was correctly convinced that only Rocketdyne could build an SSME . Ed Monteath In contrast, Mission 51 - I was called "an Rocketdyne people continued to have a The first complete Peacekeeper Stage IV Fanner Vice President of amazing mission" by NASA Associate strong interest in physical fitness and was delivered and certified . Also, five Propulsion systems 32 Top arcs -1- A11--a 1 7 Saturn vehicles in test flights. Mshife astroaauf Jahn Ctonn enters th, Mercury capsule for his enavigation of the Earth

performance with three more flawless successfully demonstrated the efficiency In the Peacekeeper arena, trajectory, more than 500 different The first real U .S. effort to probe another launches. Among all the tests and of the thermal storage subsystem, and Rocketdyne captured a measurements were recorded . planet came on July 22, when Mariner I experiments that were carried out on the proved that the entire concept of a solar $92-million contract for was launched by Rocketdyne's Atlas shuttles, the most important knowledge power plant is a viable one. fabrication of 23 Stage A smaller roar came from a Rocketdyne engines for Venus. However, the probe's gained was that the program did work . IVs . MA-2 Atlas propulsion system that Atlas-Agena B carrier veered off course During a visit to Rocketdyne, Joe Engle, A new space shuttle, Challenger, was propelled a chimpanzee named Enos into and was destroyed. one of the shuttle astronauts on 516-2, launched, along with the first test flight The division also ex- successful Earth orbit . And Rocketdyne's commented that "those are the neatest of a Peacekeeper missile . The fourth stage panded its involvement in smallest engine, the P-4, successfully Mariner 2, a backup spacecraft, was engines in the rornld." President Reagan provided all post-boost propulsion render losers or directed energy. powered the nation 's newest missile quickly readied and launched on August praised and congratulated Rockwell the direction of the guidance system, A major effort was made training target during its first flight. 27 and flew to within 22,000 miles of employees for the fine job they did on the delivering six dummy warheads to the in support of the eximer Venus on December 14, sending infor- space shuttle. test area, 50 miles north of Kwajalein laser (EMRLD) contract, Rocketdyne's "solid" side of the mation across 35 million miles, not only Atoll . as a subcontractor of house received a contract to about the planet, but also about the vast After a dedication AVCO . In addition, develop an advanced solid reaches of previously unexplored space. ceremony, Solar One Other projects were demon- Rocketdyne optica l propulsion system for the Sparrow The United States had scored a major became the nation's strated successfully, components were being recognized as air-to-air missile and another to first. first solar-powered, maintaining Rockeldyne's some of the best in the industry . produce solid-propellant M-34 electrical generating reputation as a pioneer in boosters, both from the Navy's The first international satellite launching facility. Rocketdvne's technology. The Atmos- Dom Sanchini, executive vice pre sident, Bureau of Weapons . occurred April22 when an American central receiver and pheric Fluidized Bed (AFB) was honored by the National Academy of Thor-Delta orbited Aeriel 1, a 132-pound, thermal storage sub- heat exchanger completed Engineering, when he was admitted as a Rocketdyne s British-built satellite carrying instru- system were key parts 350 hours of testing . The member . He was the first Rocketdyne reputatio n ments to measure the ionosphere and its in the successful oper- AFB held potential for employee to ever win this honor. To 1 962 aass an out- inner reactions with solar radiation . On ation of the facility . greatly increasing the honor another key Rocketdyne leader, standing builder of reliable September 28, a Thor-Agena B orbited efficiency of coal power- Mahogany Row was officially renamed propulsion systems increased the Canadian Alouette I, which mea- Other program generating facilities . "Hoffman Hall" in tribute to Sam dramatically after its Atlas engines sured cosmic radiation and electron- successes for the year Dick Srhxnart z Hoffman, the first division president . successfully boosted three men density distri bution and variation in the included the HOE, In November Dick Schwartz into orbital space journeys . The ionosphere . Peacekeeper, waterjets and RS-27. From took over as the division president . first American in orbit was Marine the HOE (Homing Overlay Expe ri ment), Schwartz had previously held the -'here were other shifts in business at Colonel John H. Glenn, Jr., who circled A cluster of eight Rocketdyne H-1 Rocketdyne delivered the first flight position of vice president and general Rocketdyne, with a new emphasis on the earth three times on February 20 . engines performed perfectly for the third proven areas of rocket propulsion and vehicle stage to the Lockheed Missile and manager of the Shuttle Launch Opera- straight time during the third flight of directed energy, and away from some of Space Company (LMSC). The Peacekeeper tions Division at NASA's Kennedy Space Congratulatory messages from all over the Saturn I . NASA awarded a contract to the energy-related programs such as program made it over an important Center in Florida. country poured into Rocketdyne, Rocketdyne for a two-year continuation solar power, the downhole steam hurdle, the Flight Proof Design Review, complimenting the division on the major of the H-1 engine research and develop- generator and the advanced heat with flying colors . Rocketdyne-builtti 11984 Progress con- role it played in the successful orbital ment program . exchangers. waterjets continued to see ac on all over tinued in flight of astronaut Glenn. The next the world, including the inside passage of Rocketdyne's Mercury flight, piloted by Lieutenant Early in 1962, NASA selected southeastern Alaska. And the RS-27 primary business area, the Space Shuttle While 1984 will be remembered for Commander M. Scott Carpenter, was Rocketdyne's J-2 engine to power the engines of the Delta had another outstand- Main Engine, with more successful shuttle many things, probably the primary launched on May 24. The third Mercury second and third stage of the Saturn V ing year, boosting satellites such as launches and a new vehicle, the Discovery, event in the history of the division was flight, flown by Commander Walter M . launch vehicle . WESTAR-IV and V . coming on line . NASA and Rockwell the merger with Energy Systems Group, Schirra on October 3, went for six orbits . committed $100 million for a comprehen- which was comprised of Atomics McDonnell Aircraft Corporation 1983 sive factory modernization program, International and the Energy Tech- During the year, Rocketdyne engines displayed its confidence in Rocketdyne's againagan eexperienced experienced which involved replacing machines, nology Engineering Center. Accord- maintained their remarkable record by ability to build small engines by select- 1983 some noteworthy renovating old machines, and converting ing to George Jeffs, corporate vice launching additional important Satellites. ing the division to develop two series of firsts . One of the most spectacular events an existing building into an engine president and president of North The first direct television connection small rocket engines for the Gemini two- of the space program was the night overhaul facility. Also included was a American Space Operations, "This between continents was realized when man spacecraft-one, the OAMS system launch of the shuttle on August 29, 1983 brand new warehouse at the De Soto realignment will consolidate Rockwell's Telstar I, the world's first international for maneuvering in orbital and rendez- Another accomplishment was the facility and an area for a Pump Fabrica- high- technology energy-related capabilities communications satellite, was orbited by vous flights, and the second, RCS for re- operation of Solar One at night . This tion Center . and programs." a Thor-Delta vehicle on July 10. entry control. 18 3 1

Rocketdyne's F-1 engine was successfully firing of the 1-2 engine was successfully In a Peacekeeper milestone achievement, Later in June, the division initiated Young praised the people who had given tested for the first time for its 2.5-minute completed at Santa Susana . Rocketdyne's axial engine was tested engine development testing on the "blood and sweat" to make "this the finest flight duration and at its full thrust of 1 .5- successfully in May while simulating a Peacekeeper fourth stage at SSFL, with a spacecraft ever built." During that first million pounds. Rocketdyne was one of two companies typical mission duty cycle for the fourth series of steady-state and pulse tests launch, Rocketdyne's three main engines chosen by Grumman Aircraft Engineer- stage . May was also the month that performed on workhorse hardware of operated for 8.4 minutes , producing up The Air Force announced that a modified ing Corporation to develop a lunar CAD/CAM, a computerized system said the fourth stage. In further Peacekeeper to 1 .4 million pounds of thrust . Atlas rocket engine propulsion system, descent and landing engine for Apollo's to revolutionize the division's design testing later that month, Rocketdyne test designated the MA-5, would power the lunar module. and manufacturing disciplines, was fired its first prototype attitude control Just as important to the shuttle program new Atlas standardized space launch installed . engine for the fourth stage. There were was the second Columbia flight with the vehicles SLV-1, SLV-2 and SLV-3. A $3.1 million contract-the first major 45 tests of five-second duration made to same engine on November 12,1981 . This subcontract let by the Martin Company In June the Shuttle Columbia's three study the engine's performance charac- proved that the Space Shuttle Main 1963 Development in the Titan III program-was awarded to SSMEs were fired for 520 seconds to teristics . Engines were actually reusable, a key moved ahead Rocketdyne during 1963. It called for the prove their flight worthiness . factor to the future success of the program . rapidly o n design and development of an attitude On April 1 2, 1981 , Rocketdyne's F-1 and J-2 engines, several control system of eight small rocket Above, n J-2 engine is tested at Santa AFWL awarded Rocketdyne a contract the Space Shuttle Besides the spectacle of the first shuttle major new propulsion contracts were engines for the Titan Ill, the standardized S,,,-a . Bdwu, t,e P-l . called the Conceptual Design Study to 1981 Columbia made its flights, there was substantial activity in received, and the division expanded space launch vehicle being developed by investigate concepts for improving maiden voyage with a picture-perfect the areas of Peacekeeper, solar power, facilities to meet the requirements of its Martin for the Air Force . The system was performance of high-energy chemical launch and flight . A new era had begin. powerjets and lasers . major programs . designated SE-9 by Rocketdyne . laser systems . At the rollout ceremony, astronaut John The Peacekeeper program proceeded on America's exploration of space gained schedule, with solid performances in the momentum when astronaut Gordon Work began on the propulsion system first full system test of the engine, and Cooper, boosted by Rocketdyne's Atlas for the Army's Lance missile under a other key program milestones. It also engines, lifted off from Cape Kennedy subcontract to Ling-Teenco-Vought, Inc. received encouraging support when in Friendship 7 and began the long- To accomplish this, a sixth Rocketdyne President Ronald Reagan gave both the est U.S. spaceflight to date. Project product operation, Ordnance Engines, Peacekeeper and B-1 the go-ahead . Mercury was closed out after the Air was established . Force major completed his 22-orbit flight In the powerjet area, Rocketdyne was on May 15. The Solid Rocket Division received two awarded a major contract for 20 PJ-20s to contracts for production of Sparrow III be used to power Boeing jetfoils . Lasers, Aside from proving that man could go motors, contracts to produce solid- another facet of Advanced Programs, into space, the first manned flights propellant motors for the Shrike air- continued to develop. The highlight of accumulated much scientific data. to-ground missile and Sidewinder the year was a test of the LS-15, demon- American astronauts photographed the air-to-air missile, and a contract to strating operation at 1,000 Hz and a Earth in color, observed the moon and develop a motor for the Navy's single pulse approaching the 1-joule goal . the sun, and made observations of new Phoenix missile. The Solid zodiacal light. Rocket Division also announced The Delta and Atlas programs continued it was developing an ad- to be productive and successful with the In the first experiment of its kind ever vanced booster for zero-length awards of a $5 .2 million contract for conducted in rocketry, the Saturn I launching of F-104 fighter- Delta RS-27 engines, and $9 .6 million for vehicle shut off one of its eight Rock- bombers under a $2 million Atlas MA-5 engines . etdyne 11-1 engines in flight, and outset with Lockheed successfully demonstrated its "engine Aircraft Corporation. 1982 The year 1982 out" capability . was one of The Rocketdyne-powered growth an d Rocketdyne's J-2 engine successfully Thor rocket, the nation's progress . It was also the 25th anniver- completed the first in a series of tests t o most frequently used sary of the Atlas program,whtch boasted simulate the environment it would space booster, marked its an incredible 467 launches over 25 years . encounter in space . The engine was fired 200th launch during 1963 . at a simulated altitude in excess of 60,000 And the Atlas propulsion The shuttle program, only in its second feet. Also, the first extended-duration test system helped the United flight year, met the challenge of consistent apace rendez¢~oas~witli Gouhi7 , 19 ,ncnssfiil test .

And in September, Rocketdyne's SSME To bring development test time to 45 .861 12 SSMEs as a result of a $365 .7 million States achieve another space-age mile- area at Edwards Air Force Base, in program continued to roll, completing a total cumulative seconds for the SSME amendment to the original contract . stone by successfully launching the 100th recognition of the operational readiness full 300-second test at 100 percent rated (19,127 seconds at RPL), Engine No . 2005 Agena satellite . of the expanded F-1 test facility . Four power level (RPL) to highlight a cmnula- was test fired for 520 seconds at NSTL's In mid-November, three of Rocketdyne's astronauts-Virgil Grissom, John Young, tive engine performance time of 2,289 Test Stand A-1, qualifying it for the Powerjet 24s were installed in the king of The first production model of the F-1 Walter Schirra and Thomas Stafford- seconds. Later that month, another of shuttle's first manned orbital flight . Spain's 86-foot yacht, the Fortuna ; the engine was shipped by air to NASA's also toured Rocketdyne facilities. Rocketdyne's SSMEs completed a major craft was capable of hitting 50 knots. Marshall Space Flight Center in Hunts- milestone test series with five consecutive In an "abort to orbit" test at NSTL, SSME ville, Alabama . A new motion picture The United States scored successes with tests at 100 percent RPL fora flight rvo . 2004 completed its longest rated made by Rocketdyne, F-1 : The Mightiest Ranger shots, which transmitted thou- duration of 520 seconds . power level operation late in June for a y began on some Rocket Engine, was released . sands of pictures of craters on the lunar programmed duration of 665 seconds. 1980 ververy positive notes. surface as small as two feet across . The In December astronauts John Young and After 41 months of design, fabrication The 3,500th rocket engine test was Rangers were launched by Rocketdyne Bob Crippen, the shuttle's first crew, Among the NSTL SSME highlights for the and development by Rocketdyne for the conducted at the Neosho plant. Atlas engines . Nimbus I was launched visited Rockctdync's Canoga facilit y year was the successful completion of the U .S. Army's Mobility Equipment into orbit by a Thor propulsion system in SSME Preliminary Flight Certification Research and Development Command, In December employees occupied the August 1964. requirement accomplished by operating an RS-31, 30-kilowatt-hour flywheel was new headquarters building on the ~~ Further growth in Engine Nu. 2004 for 823 seconds . successfully tested at 102 percent of its southeast corner of Victory and Canoga Tight toook the advance d design-rated speed . Later that same Avenues . Construction was completed on flight to okk plac e 19 power equipmen t In July Rocketdyne saluted one of its, and month, representatives from major oil Manufacturing Buildings 2 and 3, and a 1965 on March 23, 1965 . business area occurred in January when America's, greatest space triumphs companies, including Exxon, Mobil and second building was leased in Van Nuys Virgil Grissom and John Young made Rocketdyne was awarded a $4 million, commemorating the 10th anniversary of others, attended Rocketdyne's demon- to house approximately 500 employees three orbits in the Gemini spacecraft, four-year contract by the Aero Propulsion the Apollo 11 lunar landing. stration firing of its new Downhole Steam from several different departments. using on -board rockets to change the size Laboratory for the Air Force to design, Generator. deliveries of the new H-1 engine began and shape of the orbit twice and the fabricate and test a Super Integrated Two months later, NASA's Pioneer 2 The isecond just six months later . orbital plane once . The spacecraft itself Power Unit for advanced aircraft spacecraft-originally launched by Rocketdyne received word that it had hase of the functioned almost without flaw. auxiliary power. Rocketdyne- built engines-reached Saturn won a $6.5 million contract to produce nation'ss manned maned The first J-2 rocket engine was delivered after a six-year, 2-billion -mile journey . seven additional RS-27 engine systems space flight program got underway with to NASA in April. In December ground The second manned Gemini flight on In March SSME No. 2005, the first of for NASA's Delta launch vehicles . the first launch in the Gemini series of an tests successfully demonstrated the J-2's June 3 was doubly significant. It was the three engines earmarked for use on the Cause for celebration came late in Septem- unmanned spacecraft from Cape Kennedy . ability to start and stop in space . first American flight with a length that shuttle's initial manned orbital flight, was ber when it was learned that Rocketdyne In March in a first-time-ever maneuver, Both Rocketdyne propulsion systems on matched the longer Russian missions, delivered to NASA's National Space had won a $192 million contract initiating the MPTA SSMEs firing for 555 seconds the Gemini spacecraft performed perfectly. Rocketdyne's SE-9 engines for attitude and it allowed the United States to match Technology Laboratories (NSTt .) full-scale development of the MX (Peace- at NSTI- were successfully gimbaled The GAMS, ranging in thrust from 25 to control of the U.S . Air Force Titan III the Russian space walk. Astronauts keeper) fourth stage. while the three engines were being 100 pounds and mounted on various parts Transtage performed perfectly during a James McDivitt and Edward White rode In April Rocketdyne's SSME program throttled from 100 percent to 70 percent . of the spacecraft, was used to help man- Titan launch into Earth orbit from Cape Gemini for 62 orbits . The United States was moving along well-Engine No 2001 The following month, Rocketdyne was euver in space; the RCS, which included 16 Kennedy. captured the space endurance record accumulated 3,270 seconds at SSFL's A-3 awarded a $10 million, 42-month DOE The first test of Rocketdyne's new fixed, liquid-propellant, 25-pound-thrust with the next Gemini flight launched on test stand, bringing the cumulative total contract to continue development of a Peacekeeper axial engine came in late rocket engines, was used for control dur- The 200,000111 lest was recorded at Santa August 21 . Gordon Cooper, the first test firing time to 43,758 seconds. coal-fired heat exchanger for the Closed- April at SSFL . A couple weeks later, the ing re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. Susan, climaxing 13 years of testing astronaut to make two space journeys, Cycle Gas Turbine . And in November, Department of Defense gave Rocketdyne components and rocket engines for the and Charles Conrad orbited for nearly Rocketdyne's Powerjet 20s, installed in 12 yet another DOE contract was awarded a vote of confidence when it issued its For the fifth time in succession, NASA's nation's principal ballistic missile and eight days, circling the Earth a total of Boeing jetfoils, exceeded 100,000 opera- to Rocketdyne-a $1 million, 24-month letter of validation, indicating that the Saturn I vehicle, powered by eight space programs, and the 1,000th large 120 times tional hours in May. contract to fabricate and test an ad- division had met a set of strict guidelines Rocketdyne H-I engines, achieved booster engine was delivered by the vanced nil and coal slurry feed-pump set by DOD for contracts involving another space success for the United Neosho plant . That record was nearly doubled in the To qualify as the first flight engine for the system . research and development outlined in the States when it boosted the world's next Gemini mission, which was distinc- space shuttle program, SSME No. 2007 Cost/Schedule Control Systems Criteria biggest payload 38,000 pounds-into More than 40 national and Southern tive for several reasons . The Gemini 6 was successfully hot-fired for a mission Also in November it was noted that (C/SCSC). orbit . California journalists were given their spacecraft, which was to be next in orbit, duration of 520 seconds . This milestone Rocketdyne's Atlas, Thor and Delta first close look at the F-1 and J-2 rocket was held back from launch in October achievement was completed at NSTL engines had launched 961 vehicles since Company officials announced that a new engine production lines at Rocketdyne . because the Agena with which it was to and followed two tests of 1 .5 and 100 1954-all of them successfully . NASA H-I engine, which developed 200,000 Industry and government leaders in the practice a rendezvous, was destroyed seconds to complete the acceptance test announced that Rocketdvne was autho- The maiden vayagr of pounds of thrust, would be built at nation's space effort participated in a after launch . Instead, Gemini 7 was sent requirement. rized to manufacture and test an additional Cotamhia April 12 , 1981 . Rocketdyne's Neosho plant . First ceremony at the NASA high-thrust test up first on December 4 and the same 20 The planet F,,,, photographed b9 th e Pioneer spacecraJf in 1978 .

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launch pad was quickly readied for pounds thrust was delivered by Design of a new , In May Rocketdyne was awarded a $1 .5 In 1977 Rocketdyne .c ~ In April Gemini 6. As astronauts Frank Berman Rocketdyne's Neosho plant to Chrysler's advanced rocket million contract from the Energy Re- captured the first phase Rocketdyne and James Lovell orbited in Gemini 7, Space Division. TI 9 6 6 engine, the search and Development Administration of a multiphase program, received Walter Schirra and Thomas Stafford were successful concl usion of the Gemini for a single-stage reactor to convert coal SIGMA/TAU, to design , a $3.57 launched in Gemini 6 from Cape During a five-day period in August, the program, and the completion of qualifi- into a high-Btu gas . Testing was sched- fabricate and demonstrate a million Kennedy on December 15. Gemini 6 first two stages of the Saturn V and the cati on tests for manned flight for the F-1 uled in the Bowl Area at SSFL. complete cylindrical high- USAF caught up with its sister craft, and in a second stage of the Saturn IB were test and J-2 engines were among the many energy chemical laser system for contract for series of impressively precise and fired for flight durations for the first time . highlights of 1966, as Rocketdyne's Like the Thor, the Atlas program also the Air Force Weapons Laboratory . system definition o f complex maneuvers it came to within one technical competence and workmanship celebrated its 20th the MX (Peacekeeper) foot of Gemini 7, while orbiting about 185 NASA's Saturn I space vehicle-the first were hailed by space officials . anniversary of flight Missile Stage IV, marking the division's miles above Earth . The two spacecraft stage powered by Rocketdyne H-1 testing . Since initia- entry into full system development. tion, Atlas engines flew in close formation for nearly eight engines-achieved its ninth consecutive Gemini 8 was off to a fine start on March 1978 had launched Air In January 1978 Later that month, the division won a 12- hours, dramatically demonstrating flight in June 1965. In July the 10th and 16 when it went into orbit shortly after Gemini's ability to rendezvous in space. final Rocketdyne-powered launch vehicle Force ICBMs as well Rocketdyne sold its month, $350,000 DOE contract for design the launch of an Agena target vehicle . in the Saturn I program bowed off stage as manned and Solid-Propellant Rocket and development of a coal-fired heat However, late in the fifth orbit, after Gemini 6 splashed down in the Atlantic from Cape Kennedy in a finale as unmanned spacecraft Division at McGregor, exchanger for use in the new MHD having accomplished the first docking after 26 hours aloft . Gemini 7, however, dramatic and successful as the first and deep space Texas, to Hercules, Inc. power generation system. operation in space, the coupled Gemini 8 probes . Noted for Also that month, a continued for a record-breaking 206 Saturn I that made its debut on October and Agena began pitching and rolling orbits that had taken it more than four boosting America's Rocketdyne-powered In June the first of two interplanetary 27, 1961 . motions that persisted after astronauts million miles in two weeks . The flight first manned orbital NASA Atlas Centaur probes, Pioneer, designed to perform a Neil Armstrong and David Scott gave the United States nearly 1,353 The 100th test firing of the F-1 engine was flights, the workhorse boosted an Intelsat scientific exploration of Venus, was detached their craft . The mission was manned hours in space. recorded at Edwards Field Laboratory, in Atlas was to remain satellite from Cape successfully sent by a Rocketdyne-boosted quickly aborted and Gemini 8 splashed which the F-I was operated at full thrust in limited production, Canaveral-the first of 19 Atlas-Centauron on its seven-month journey . down in the western Pacific Ocean The first full-duration ground firing of with launches Centaur missions (1 .5 million pounds) for a duration of 165 instead of the Atlantic Ocean as the Saturn's S-IVB battleship test stage, scheduled through boosted by Rocketdyne- A 100-second plus firing of the SSME Main seconds . planned. powered by a Rocketdyne J-2 engine, was 1980. built engines that year. Propulsion Test Article in July ended the first conducted successfully at the Douglas Rocketdyne celebrated three birthdays phase of the three-engine cluster testing, Sacramento Test Center . Rocketdyne's during 1965. The division observed its Gemini 9, launched on June 3 of that Space Shuttle Main increasing firing time to more than 160 DAMS and RCS engine systems for the 10th anniversary, and on the eve of its year, tested new space rendezvous October was a flurry Engine No. 2001 was seconds of successful engine operation. procedures under the command of Gemini program were perfectly operated entrance into the next decade, Rock- of activity as engi- successfully operated at astronauts Thomas Stafford and Eugene in flight for the first time during NASA's etdyne's Southern California employ- neering and support 90 percent of its 470,000- Just two months after the first Pioneer Cernan. A highlight of the 45-orbit unmanned Gemini GT-11 flight . ment was almost 16,000. The Santa personnel geared up pound-thrust rated launch, Venus 2 was launched to begin its mission was a two-hour, seven-minute Susan Field Laboratory marked its 15th to produce the power level to complete 220-million-mile journey aboard a NASA Also, the first test firing of the Army's anniversary, and the Edwards Field space walk by Cernan. A total of 53 Missile X Stage IV the programmed test, as Attar-boosted Centaur rocket . Rocketdyne engines were used in the newest battlefield missile, the Lance, was Laboratory observed its fifth year of F-1 proposal. The all-out well as NASA's accep- successfully carried out at White Sands testing . Gemini 9 mission . effort, which culmi- tance requirements . Furtherexpanding its product base, Missile Range in New Mexico . Lance was nated with delivery Rocketdyne was selected to design and powered by a prepackaged storable- Construction began on the most ad- The Gemini 10 mission was flown in July of the 29-volume Installation of the first two fabricate two key subsystems-the solar propellant propulsion system developed vanced gas-fired furnace brazing facility and involved rendezvous with two document to the Air Rocketdyne developed boiler and thermal storage subsystem-for by Rocketdyne . Later that year Canada of its type in the country in support of Agena target vehicles-Agena 10 that Force in December, Torpedo Ejection Systems the Department of Energy's experimental was launched 1 .5 hours earlier than and the United States jointly fired Lance Rocketdyne's Atlas sustainer, F-1, J-2 and required scores of The Army's tactical missile dunce, powered for the Navy's Trident 10-megawatt solar power plant to be located a development test at White Sands . II-1 production prograns . Gemini, and an Arena that had been in employees working rn(v act,an by R< ketdyne. submarines occurred in the California desert near Barstow. The first static test firing of the S-IC first orbit since the Gemini 8 flight in March. long days, nights, during March at Groton, stage of the Saturn V moon rocket was Also during 1965, the United States took weekends and through the Thanksgiving Connecticut . That same month Rocket- Rocketdyne won a contract from Los conducted at Huntsville, Alabama. The its first pictures of another planet's The launch of the Gemini 10 Agena holiday. dyne won four powerjet contracts totaling Alamos National Laboratory to design, huge rocket duster of five Rocketdyne surface from space when Mariner IV, target vehicle by a Rocketdyne-powered $2.3 million . fabricate and deliver an LS-15 excimer laser F-1 engines generated a thrust of 7 .5 launched by Roeketdyne's Atlas engines , Atlas narked the 100th time an Atlas An additional 811 million buy from the system. Additionally, the fast technology million pounds, the highest known thrust flew by Mars at a distance of 6,118 miles . vehicle had been used in the U .S . space Army Missile Command raised the total Production of Rocketdyne's dependable contract to investigate excimer laser systems ever achieved, in a test that lasted 6.5 program and the 299th time an Atlas had number of Lance engines ordered to 741 . RS-14 rocket engine was terminated in April, for DOD was obtained from DARPA/ seconds . Also, the first of the H-1 been launched in all programs, Rocketdyne had delivered more than after more than 1,000 of the engines had been MIRADCOM. This laid the foundation for engines uprated to 205,000- both military and scientific . 2,400 engines since 1969. delivered for use in the Minuteman III . the EMRLD program. 2 S Astronaut Ed SXite 2 1 to America s firsr space walk .

in powering the fourth stage of the The second test Rocketdyne employees were also invited Gemini 11, launched in September 1966, first J-2 engines that had been uprated to Minuteman III. stand at NSTL to participate in the Rockwell Palmdale set new American space records . Follow- 230,000-pounds- thrust were delivered to (A-2) became Facility's Open House the day after ing the near-perfect orbital launch of the NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center . And another key contract came operational for official rollout of the first space shuttle Rocketdyne-powered Atlas Agena target Rocketdyne's way with the award SSME testing in orbiter, the Enterprise . vehicle, astronauts Pete Conrad and Dick Rockeldyne's Megaboom, the largest of a $1 million contract by the April with a Gordon successfully completed a series solid-propellant rocket motor ever to Energy Research and Development nvstage test of In a joint effort with several other of precise maneuvers to rendezvous and blast a rocket sled along a high-speed test Administration for the development the second companies, Rocketdyne helped produce dock with Agena on its first orbit around track, completed its last run at the Air and design of a coal liquefaction delivered shuttle the world's first turbine/waterjet- Earth . Later in the mission, with their Force Systems Command Missile reactor to produce oil-like crude engine. powered offshore crewboat. The 105-foot spacecraft attached to the Agcna vehicle, Development Center in New Mexico . The from pulverized raw coal and vessel was capable of achieving speeds of the astronauts thrust Gemini 11 to a new rugged booster showed 100 percent hydrogen . A change of 35 knots during shakedown trials and manned altitude record of 850 miles reliability throughout its nine-year J command was designed for offshore oil support above Earth. They also completed the history of development and operation . Norm Ryker A program for high-power testing occurred whe n duties . first automatic (computer-controlled) re- of optical components for chemical lasers Norm Ryker replaced President Bill entry, virtually alongside the prime The first two from a total of 25 MB-3 Thor was awarded by AFWL. Brennan, who became vice president of After 11 months in space, an RS-21 engine recovery ship . rocket engines were delivered to the Air Production Operations and Engineering was remotely fired for nearly an hour to Force . These were modified to meet Two space firsts also took place that year. for Rockwell's North American Space place a Viking spacecraft in Martian orbit, The Gemini program was concluded with extended operating requirements of the Two Viking spacecraft hurled toward Operations. Ryker came to Rocketdyne prior to a soft landing on the planet's the flight of Gemini 12 in November . newly announced Air Force Long-Tank Mars on 500-million mile journeys, and from Atchison, Kansas, where he was surface. The program's goals were to During the Gemini missions, Rocketdyne's Thor space launch vehicle. Rocketdyne's 300-pound-thrust RS-21 vice president and general manager of determine the presence of life on Mars re-entry control and orbit attitude and engines played a key role by accomplish- the Transportation Equipment Division . and to examine the planet's geographic maneuvering systems logged a total of 950 For the 13th consecutive time, a cluster ing mid-course correction bums, 1 .5 surroundings . hours in orbit, or about 40 days of space of eight Rockctdyne H-1 engines million miles from Earth. flight time, during the 10 manned flights powered the first stage of a Saturn 1B Cost-saving measures were put into in the program . and performed perfectly . The F-1 engine effect in 1976 when the company The maiden launch of Japan's N-1 The first NASA completed NASA's first article configu- converted more than 80 tons of previ- vehicle, powered by a modified Rock- launch of 1977 was The Rocketdyne-powered Saturn IB ration inspection . It was the first major ously used Saturn hardware for applica- etdyne-built MB-3 Thor engine, repre- 1977 an RS-27-powered space vehicle was also launched for the propulsion system for the Apollo tion in the SSME program . Additionally, sented another first in space. Rocketdyne Delta vehicle . An upgraded Thor began first time in 1966. This success marked program to do so . 12 H-1 engines delivered to NASA for went on to provide engines for the next as an Air Force intermediate range the first time Rocketdyne's Apollo re- the Saturn program were returned to five launches before the Japanese ballistic missile and later became a space entry positioning engines had flown, as Anticipating a Rocketdyne for re-use in the manufac- assumed their own manufacturing mission booster. This launch heralded the decrease in ture of RS-27 engine systems through well as the first time an Apollo spacecraft efforts . 20th anniversary of the Delta program had been launched into space. The 11th demand mand for rocket 1977 . and the 27th consecutive successful Saturn launch also marked the first time engines in the years to come, Rocketdyne The end of an era came on July 15 at mission for the Rocketdyne engine. Early the uprated H-I engines of 200,000- launched a program of diversification in Kennedy Space Center when eight A major renovation of the Canoga Thous were boosted by lower-thrust, pounds-thrust had been flown . 1967. Rocketdyne H-1 engines lifted a Saturn complex and SSFL Bowl Area took place Rocketdyne-built MB-3 engine systems . IB into space, carrying America's half of that year. Construction continued at the The first static firing of J-2 flight-type The division received a major contract to the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. This was Bevel Area in order to accommodate engines that would power the S-II into produce afterburners for the turbofan the last mission for the H-I engines, Rocketdyne's energy contract work . More SSME milestones were reached space was successfully completed on the engines of the F-111, an advanced fighter which were used in early Apollo mis- Remodeling efforts at Canoga included during the year : the first 60-second rated battleship test vehicle at Santa Susana . aircraft . The $100 million award made by sions and as a "ferry" for three astronaut laying 6,000 yards of carpet, rearranging power level test was conducted at NSTL ; The J-2 also completed a series of the Pratt Or Whitney Aircraft Division of crews occupying the orbiting Skylab. furniture and file cabinets, and installing an "all-up-throttling" test was completed qualification tests to demonstrate United Aircraft Corporation was desig- colored partitions . In November under altitude conditions ; and the first performance over its design operating nated the TF-30P3 program . 1976 The first ag e Rocketdyne s 4,000 employees and their engine in the Main Propulsion Test range . In April the first flightweight test of the SSM E SSME took families were invited to tour the redeco- Article (MPTA) was delivered to NSTL . prototype S-II vehicle was static fired in a Firings of a large-scale thrust chamber for place in February at rated facility. An estimated 12,000 visitors The MPTA combined three shuttle test that moved the nation's Apollo/ Rocketdyne's experimental Aerospike the National Space Technology Laboratories toured the Canoga and Santa Susana engines in an orbiter simulator to verify Saturn lunar landing program another engine were conducted at Santa Susana. (NSTL) facility in Mississippi, since a ll engine facilities and consumed 6,900 ice-cream their performance in a "vehicle" configu- step forward, and narked the first Following those test firings, a $1 .4 million components operated at a thrust level in the bars, 3,400 cups of punch, and 1,200 cups ration . Accumulated firing time on operational use of NASA's Mississippi contract for continued technology normal flight range of the Shuttle Orbiter . of coffee. SSMEs rose to 7,500 seconds by August . Test Facility . The following month, the investigation of the advanced Aerospike 22 27

rocket engine was awarded to vehicle and its Apollo spacecraft took components , including the from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Rocketdyne Rocketdyne by NASA's Marshall Space place . thrust chamber, will be tested ." March. To accomplish this, old Atlas celebrated its Fight Center. missiles were brought out of storage, 1975 20th anniversary a s The Apollo 7 mission, the first of four Brennan commended modified and refurbished . a division with the delivery of the first NASA selected Rocketdyne for design, final steps toward landing American Rocketdyne employees on Space Shuttle Main Engine to NASA development and qualification of a astronauts on the moon, took place in their hard work, emphasiz- nearly a month ahead of schedule . It had backup injector for the ascent engine of October. Astronauts Wally Schirra, Donn ing that the division was Two 4,000-horsepower powerjet pumps taken an unprecedented 17 days from the Apollo Lunar Module . Other Apollo Eisele and Walter Cunningham orbited responsible for 18 launches propelled Boeing's new Jetfoil passenger initiation of final assembly to checkout of hardware manufacture d by Rocketdyne the Earth for 10 days . While they were in was fired for a full duration of 160 in 1973 . Also noteworthy boat to full foil-borne operation on its the engine . included the module' s re-entr y engines orbit, the astronauts conducted a number seconds at the Neosho plant . was the capture of a 15- maiden run in Puget Sound . This was just used for capsule positioning. of tests to demonstrate the ability of the engine follow-on contract the beginning of an extensive qualifica- A number of major contracts were spacecraft and its systems to perform 1969 Ten years o f for RS-27 engines on the tion program for the first U .S.-built awarded to Rocketdyne in 1975, including Rocketdyne-built components played an properly. hard work by Delta program, which turbine/waterjet, hydrofoil passenger a $5.6 million follow-on contract by the important role in the successful test of Rocketdyne employ- meant production would continue boat designed for commercial service . Army for 194 additional Lance engines. Phoebus IB, an advanced nuclear rocket In December astronauts Frank Borman, ees reached a climax with the Apollo 11 through 1975 . Brennan also expressed Hardware for the SSME Integrated Later in the year, the company received the reactor tested at full power for 30 min- James Lovell and William Anders mission that landed the first American satisfaction over the continuing strides Subsystem Test Bed, a test device Army Missile Command's Patriotic utes-twice as long as it had ever run embarked on the Apollo 8 mission . astronauts on the moon. made by Rocketdyne in the waterjet whereby all components are assembled Civilian Service award for production and before. This milestone test took place at Rocketdyne F-1 engines lifted them off on propulsion business and in the growing into one unit and tested together, came delivery of more than 1,000 trouble-free the Nuclear Rocket Development Station their journey to orbit the moon and to Apollo it, which went on its mission in laser market . off the lines and went into test . A first Lance engines since 1971 . at jackass Flats, Nevada. observe the lunar surface from within 69 July 1969, was hailed throughout the hot-firing of a dual preburner took place miles. world as the greatest exploratory feat The first contractual programs in a new in December at Coca IV, demonstratirg In January the Navy announced the During 1967, the 100th consecutive since Columbus discovered America . laser technology area involving electrical simultaneous ignition of fuel and awarding of a $500,000 study contract on launch of a Rocketdyne-powered Air Completion of the pilot program and discharge lasers started under sponsor- oxidizer preburners mounted in the hot- its 2,000-ton Surface Effects Ship (SES) Force Thor space booster was achieved . start of production on the afterburner of 'I he triumphant landing on the moon was ship of the Air Force Weapons Labora- gas manifold assembly. program, and production began on four And the first guided launch of the Navy's the TF-30P3 engine were accomplished in preceded by the Apollo 10 mission in tory, one involving preliminary design of torpedo ejection systems for the Navy's Rocketdyne-powered Phoenix missile March . The first afterburner manufac- May and the Apollo 9 mission in March . a fluid supply system and the other, Rocketdyne captured a program in the Trident nuclear submarine. from an F-111 B interceptor aircraft was tured by Rocketdyne for the Air Force The Apollo 9 mission was designed to acoustic damping for a pulsed EDL area of gas dynamic lasers to support the made . F-111 was delivered on schedule to Pratt demonstrate the capability of the lunar system. Airborne Laser Laboratory at the Air A $2 million follow-on order for 48 RS-l4 & Whitney in April. module to perform the lunar landing Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL). engines was given to Rocketdyne for use The F-1 rocket engine was test fired for mission. All lunar module subsystems ohe busy soundn s the 4,000th time in 1967 at the Edwards One of the major highlights of 1968 was were evaluated and the main lunar of construcooction Technicians at Kennedy Space Center install three SSMEs in the orbiter Field Laboratory . the decision by NASA to use the injector module engines, both ascent and descent, 19 74 echoed through the built by Rocketdyne in the ascent engine were fired. The Rocketdyne-built ascent rocky confines of the Coca Area at the On-schedule delivery was made of the of the Apollo lunar module . engine for the lunar module passed its Santa Susana Field Laboratory, as final tactical prototype rocket engine for first manned test in space with flying formerly deactivated Coca I and IV were the Army's Lance engine. Thor rocket engine production resumed colors. modified to accommodate testing of SSME at the Canoga Park plant under a $4 .8 components and subsystems. Almost to the moo race million contract with the Department of Another "giant leap for mankind" was seven miles of piping were installed, and to the moonn Defense. The contract called for manufac- registered by the Apollo 12 astronauts 27 hydrogen and nitrogen storage vessels gathered ered full ture of 12 engines for the Thor launch who, with the aid of 30 Rocketdyne (weighing 5 .5 million pounds) were momentum in 1968 . Four Apollo vehicle . A $5 million contract was engines, successfully completed moved from former test sites at Reno and n,ixsrons were conducted during that a arded to Rocketdyne by the Navy for America's second manned moon landing . Edwards Air Force Base. The first test at year. continued production of solid rocket Apollo 12 proved that man can make the reactivated facility was a 34-second motors and Sparrow /Shrike air-launched pinpoint landings and then explore and preburner firing on April 15 . NASA rated The Apollo n mission was conducted in missiles. sustain himself on other planets . Rocketdyne's performance on the Saturn January 1968. It marked the fourth time engines program as superior in 1974 , the sarurn IB had her,, fl m r and rho An era i , space-age history ended iu 196 8 The first of 12 Thor engine systems were arkiog the first time ever that a contrac- 14th consecutive launch of a Rock- with the last static engine test at produced under a $4 .8 million hardware tor had received a rating that high. etdyne-boosted Saturn vehicle using F-1 Rocketdyne's Neosho plant, marking the and services contract received from the engines. In April the second unmanned end of nearly 12 years of rocket engine Department of Defense the preceding Thirteen-year-old Rocketdyne engines test of the giant Saturn V moon launch production. A Thor propulsion system year. It was the 485th Thor propulsion successfully launched an Atlas test vehicle 23 Americans on the moon, pay 7969,

Testing on the ru n evern other day . back in 1960, frequency is one test Today, on the SSME, high test program, and went tike were conducted on the H-1 several tests a day (per test position) this. .. system Rocketdyne had delivered to the conducted to assigot 25-minute test slots were Air Force. At the beginning of each day, negotiationsthe high frequency recorders needed for testing were all since of four test positions, positions in the area. Once to each that was common to all test Rocketdyne was assigned a major role in located in a single control center plete your test during thealt hoar slat, , she scramble was on to comete supporting Envirotech Corporation, the slots were assigned beyond the end o problem arose that would push the test first "total systems" company in the fan unforeseen time. of the line' Because of this demanding situation, pollution control field. An agreement the test and got at the end preserve the you cancelled made many real-time decisions to called for Rocketdyne to do research, the test and development engineers bothtest, A few examples! Can we run with a failed instrument? If roe're short en propellant, primarily in the waste-water manage- .engine or facility work ? ment field, under a technical assistance test? Which has priority.. can we run a shorter test . THE I agreement with Envirotech was scheduled to take place on one time when a test A good example-,1 remember test, Rocketdyne's Small Engine Division configuration after c land an-- in the engine to baffled thes d received a $2 million contract from the facedi hrusl Chamber injector d shift, the was removed from the in July 7 973 , . Air Force to develop a new high- trm Skylab 3 in orbit U.S test was concluded . Early in the eA CA mechanic and f proceeded to . tarred to TCA. energy-propellant rocket engine system using the engine thrust-chamber injector The next day, Skylab 2, boosted by eight The system was called FLEXEM, mean- replace the procedures and ent . drawings for the requirements . Detail H - I aengines, and with three astronauts ing flexible energy managem not necessary, and therefore, multiple inspection points there board, was launched and mated with installation (including leak . Astronauts Charles . We completed the athe orbiting Skylab 1 In 1969 Rocketdyne also announced the were not used . Joseph the engine to the staniatd tile en Of th ., pawl W . Weitz and Dr development of a small rocket engine checks) and sent e hngine Conrad, Jr crew began d nstallation of . Kerwin orbited the earth for 28 days. shift . The stand Y with just 11100 pound of thrust, under a second ; then, th e . The division at the start of the first shift the following morning They succeeded in getting one of the $100,000 NASA contract The test with the newly replaced solar panels deployed and also installed test setup was initiated. also announced that it was developing a approximately 2 _ p . 7 injector was conducted at an improvised sun shade on the over- new family of smokeless solid propel- engine removal, a major . hours later, which included heated space station lants for rockets . reinsmllation- component change, and engine Boosted again by eight H-1 engines, Rocketdyne revealed that more than that kind of quick turn- . While also facilitated Skylab 3 was launched on July 8 1,500 engines built by the division had The 1-2 engine high test frequency . for in orbit, astronauts discovered a leak of . Of around . It was, by design, rode been flown during the past 16 years wer oxidizing fluid in two of the four tha t 330 was to be able to re- e bout 600 wee small A major requirement of the J-2 system thrusters (Rocketdyne had 12 small p opellanteengbnest a capability during the qualifica- ta in orbit To ve rify this engines in the reaction control system, liquid-propellant engines, and the rest s rt shift . For that we . It was also on VTS-3B on second but the hardware in question was not were solid-propellant motors program, 21) restart couples were conducted of eac . A rescue vehicle was prepared . ballistic and conduct tests.tion withi n rhour t theirs) noted that a total of 911 U.S DIGRSLh ders oscl o- for use in early September, but it proved d d on direct inking graphic eco space flights had been launched by e critical parameters were recorde there mere eight to 10 to be unnecessary as the mission in the control center. However, l ulssystems. Rocketdyne engines. Brush recorders uita . Skylab 3 splashed graphs or parameters that could only be recorded ontile eBeckm to digs progressed safely . additional critical first test of a restart couple, the down as planned on September 25 O A ou a test following the So immediately Three more astronauts went up On brought ght ab bou ut e hand carried to th Bah recorders and then a returned Skylab 4 in November . Their mission-to the successful additional parametesowererplayed look onto a pair o of the rea s in plat', photograph and record Comet Kohoutek 197 completion of Rocketdyne s 5,000th &1 es i d the tes towed therDlGRseon the reeco ers and at Christmas . rocket engine firing in 1970, while design engineers n vi k with t n "chimirtheg and development bac t gin details of an upcoming major program, reviewedn the and second test of os n ciilograph and and the go_ahea'd was egioe Ata management dinner, Rocketdyne the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME), quickly his pro area 0 Beckmathe restsdata, it was in 30 minutes, without president Bill Brennan summed up the were made public that year . . All of this transpired o t cess re wa s Space the restart couple the control. Thiscenter pr so year, -hl our 22nd month of the the one mechanic leaning back-to-back in anyone other than occasions we ran restart triplets-three tests Engine program, we're The F-1 rocket engine test took place in numerous Shuttle Main effective that on definitely in the hardware phase . The January at Edwards Field Laboratory and this month, one hour . SSME test phase will begin boosted the total testing time of the than the ignition system . In . By ar raplex and u starting with engine to an amazing 249,000 seconds H-1 nes a a high rate when yo of the prehurners will use of satisfacte True, the oni n accom plishing t sts March 1974, testing and neat s affected the engine hardware, test . During Still, there was a g which milestone in theeProgramo i knew you were responsible for all the decisions mark a procedures . Bob LlncolD the summer months, f objectives and facility Manager of SSM° Tesr Orsrndons 24 A Delta eehide, powered by Racketdare's RS-27, carries a sate ll ite into orbit natyst with the eotnpanythat tons Io I t the Santa Sxsana test facility. Not - .t .__ _ ...... ay ' eractty where this test site uus, or what un r t an . If you rgked sonieot - vice_ r r` nd Santa Sucltra, you tcnuld be dirocted, as I teas, to a lrty go", ails in .e Simi Valley.

My first drive ever the winding road to Santa Susana made me wonder if I had toF^n then, Rocketdyne had maintained an on- A major ed in were boosted into orbit by Rocketdyne- the right job, but as the month rotted by, I became accustomed to the trip . Ride pal; schedule delivery of 98 F-1 engines to was reached in built engines, a significant feat on the teeny very common, and riders uvula hange poets ev new employces would as k to NASA, 35 of which had already been 19,71 1971, when Rock- part of Rocketdyne employees . join yours. Certain topics were popular and urge atawys mentioned to tow people . flown . etdyne received a $5110 million contract One abaiou .; topic ants the steepness of Work Qanyon Road to Santa Susaru Sartre to build the SSME. Rocketdyne was The last of the Apollo flights, Mission 17, driver swore that ever though it was uphill all the way, there was a portion where they felt their car accelerating-as thorigh being attracted by some strange and At Cape Kennedy, many of the unique selected over two of its competitors to set four new records that year . These build the shuttle's main engines, and the pawerhd gravitational or magnetic force . An inevitable argument zoos whine the features of the proposed space shuttle included the longest manned lunar award prompted personal congratula- steepest grade occurred, Although it was never of52ially known, driers generally engine were disclosed, including its landing flight (310 hours, 51 minutes); the agreed it eons the chart itretchjust bet re you hit the top . Sallie said it taus 60 degrees . reusability, its smaller size and its use of tions from Rockwell Chairman Willard largest lunar sample returned to Earth Rockwell and Rockwell President Robert liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as (249 pounds); the longest extravehicular Another (rcorite topic uas the tegerni of the Lirie:t gild . Someone propellants . Anderson, "Your capture of the Space activity (23 hours, 12 minutes); and the Shuttle Main Engine is a tremendous tribute longest time in lunar orbit (147 hours, 48 reps fed to be tmroliar z; ith the history o f the Sarrta Sant a to your expertise as builders of large, high- minutes) . mountains started the iumar thatIndiiic, long ago, had buried Rocketdyne engines boosted Apollo 13 thrust rocket engines . Through more than a their treasure underneath a large rock shaped like thchead ato on its flight toward the moon in April for quarter century of rocket engine develop- The 400th flight of Rocketdyne's Atlas giant Itsrtd. There is a rock on the road to Santa Sii ana that an intended 10-day mission, but the flight ment, Rocketdyne propulsion systems have engines took place that year, and with it bear; such a reaanhlance, adding strength to he moor . was aborted two iron international recognition for their came the launching of the Pioneer F days later after a quality and reliability . Your outstanding spacecraft, which probed the environ- The recording and reducing of inctrunrentatian of sachet engine power failure . In the past performance was certainly a major ment and atmosphere of the planet parameters much as prsenre, tsemp'srahaa accaleratiat Bad shortest Apollo factor in the selection of Rocketdyne to build Jupiter. Atlas engines also helped rotational speed was nit as sophisticated then as it is now . 1 odat mission ever, the most advanced rocket engine ever Rocketdyne make history, as the com- Hie.' paran:etera go through a ; ompuleri~ed, antanm`ed ; u~ctem astronauts Jim designed in the United States. We know your pany marked the building of 8,920 large and end up as printouts of engine performance with hardly any Lovell, Fred Haise workmanship on the Space Shuttle Main liquid-propellant engines. human handling. Thirty five years ago, these parameters were and Tom Mattingly Engine will be of the same high caliber a s either recorded on oscitlographs or on direct inking graphic returned to earth that which produced the many engines for Rocketdyne received contracts from both recorders , referred to as DIGRs (pronounced "diggers") . The safely 147 hours after the SaturnJApallo program and for the McDonnell Douglas and Boeing in 1972. values of these parameters were laboriously read from the liftoff of Apollo 13. military set vices . Rocketdyne was awarded a $6 .5 million recording devices either by the engineers on site or by crews of contract by McDonnell Douglas for the data reduction personnel . Boxes of these paper records piled up Bill Brennan was Apollo 14 landed men on the moon for the testing and production of a new engine, very quickly and always presented a storage problem sill Brennan named president of third time in 1971 and took up where the the RS-27, developed using hardware Rocketdyne in May Apollo 13 mission left off. Its objective was Rocketdyne RS-21 engine was used in from the H-1 engines modified to fit into Bus transportation was available between the areas , but never as often as you really 1970, after the retirement of President to explore the same hilly region that had deep space . the Thor engine envelope. Boeing put needed it . Within an area, it zoos definitely too infrequent . In the research area you Sam Hoffman was announced . Brennan been the targeted landing site of Apollo 13 Rocketdyne to work on the production of had two choices-walk to the test site or hitch a ride on the jeeps or vans that mechan- had previously served as vice president that was aborted the year before . 1972 North American commercial wateriet pumps for use on its ics and engineers drove back and forth . Tire vans were converted Army ambulances, and general manager of the Liquid Rockwell and the high-speed hydrofoil boats. painted dark blue . The noise of the engine and transmission combined made conversa- Rocket Division. An advanced weather satellite, the Rocketdyne tion difficult. I often remarked that with that much energy converted to noise, it was a NOAA-1, was boosted into Earth orbit by Division were thrust into the national 11973e Themi of P o wonder there was any power left to propel the vehicle. Rocketdyne engines in 1971 . With the limelight in 1972 as the space shuttle launch of Pioneer 11 In September the worst brush fire in its satellite, weather forecasters were continued to make news . In July arly in Apri l The jeeps were four-wheel drive. All four wheels were really necessary to navigate the 20-year history swept through the Santa provided a complete view of weather Rockwell was selected as prime contrac- 1973 established Rocketdyne as Amer- rocky and hilly te rrain in which some test areas were located. Frequently drivers Susan Field Laboratory . Fortunately, conditions every 24 hours . tor for the shuttle. With that award, the ica's foremost producer of liquid-fueled would forget the constant admonitions of their supervisors and neglect to change from only minimal damage to the facility was drier company took on responsibility for the rocket engines. Pioneer I 1 represented four reboot to normal t o,-evheel drive when they left the dirt and moved onto reported . The fire marched through most . Rocketdyne was also awarded a contract design, development and production of the 1,001st launch powered by Rocked the paved roads This inevitably broke a gear if not the axle . For this reason, the jeeps of the company's 2,635 acres, but did not worth nearly $7 million that year for the the orbiter vehicle and for integration of dyne engines and was the 405th launch were in the garage undergoing repairs as often as they were out. cause major damage to any buildings us first production buy of the liquid- all elements of the shuttle system . In by the steady workhorse, Atlas . test stands . propellant rocket engine for the Army's September Rocketdyne and NASA I guess, compared to the pioneers coming west in their covered wagons, that those I once minnilc finalized a contract worth $442 .5 million Skylabs 1, 2, 3 and 4 were each launched days were not that hard ; and at the time we didn't realize that use more erptoring stem And in 1970 Rocketdyne's employee for the SSMEs . in 1973 by Rocketdyne engines . The first frontiers. But looking back after 35 years I can see that we broke new ground and count reached its lowest level in many And, under the power of a Rocketdyne launch, Skylab 1, was flawless, but the paved the may for the Rocketdyne of today. years (about 2,300), reflecting the MA-5 propulsion system, Mariner 9 was Of the 18 successful space launches that mission was marred when the space- Bill Vietinghoff conclusion of the Apollo buildup . launched in June, marking the first time a took place in 1972,13 of those missions craft's solar array panels failed to deploy . Project Engineer for Ii,Serface Control( APPENDIX A

HOT TEST ACCEPTANCE FACILITY LARGE ROCKET ENGINES

S 1 June 1953

IN 11 19

FIA v

FA rth American Aviation, I r

BNAU8738364

H DMSp01664978 BNA0873836 5

H DMSpO1664979 BNA08738366

H DMSpO1664980 APPENDIX A Acceptance Teat Facilit y For the Hot Firing or Rocket Engines 1 June 195 3

NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . Los Angeles , Californi a

NATURE OF FACILITIES : Land , Buildings , and Machinery required for an acceptance test facility for the hot firing of rocket engines .

PROPOSED LOCATION : Santa Susana , Californi a

FOR TESTING 0": N .A .A . 240-65 Rocket Engines and similar rocket engines .

S U M M A R Y Estimated Cost

SCHEDULE I - LAND AND LAND IMPROVEMENTS

(a) Land $ To be determined (b) Land Improvements 31,500 .00

Total $ 31,500.00

SCHEDULE II - BUILDINGS, ETC .

(a) Buildings $ 149,900 .00 (b) Building Installations (Not Mechanical) 58,860 .00 (c) Leasehold Improvements 175,835 .00 (c-1) Off Leasehold Improvements 56,ooo .oo

Total 440,595 .00

SCHEDULE III - MACHINERY , EQUIPMPRT, ETC .

(a-1) Machinery $ 4,396 .00 (a-2) Equipment 2,775 .00 (b) Building Installations (Mechanical) 18,700 .00 (c) Laboratory and Testing Equipment 799,293 .00 (d) Furniture and Fixture s 13,177 .00

SCHEDULE IV Total 838,341 .00

-1-

BNA0873836 7

H DMSp01664981 SCHEDULE IV - PORTABLE TOOLS AND MATERIAL Estimated Cost HANDLING EQOIP!RNP

(b) Material Handling and Automotive Equipment 15,644.00

Total $ 15,644 .00

SCHEDULE V - INSTALLATIONS

(a-1) Machinery ( Schedule III (a-1) $ 150 .00 (a-2) Equipment ( Schedule III (a-2) 200 .00 (b) Bldg . Installations (Mech . ) (Schedule in (b ) 2,600 .00 (c) Laboratory and Test Equipmen t (Schedule III (c) 45,000 .00

Total $ 47,950 .00

GRAND TOTAL # 1,374 , 030 .00

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BNA0873836 8

H DMSp01664982 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, California

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953

Estimated Cos t SCHEDULE I Land and Land Improvements

(a) Land (See Exhibits II & III - Parcel "T" )

Land described as follows :

The northeast corner containing approximately 40 acres of that part of the property described in Schedule A of Policy of Title Insurance No . 18504, also numbered 34917, dated September 20, 1939, issued by the Security Title Insurance and Guarantee Company insuring H . W . Silvernale, Beulah A . Silver- nale, Max N . Silvernale, Helen Silvernale, and William Hall, which is East of a North - South line beginning at the intersection of Course 15 and 16, thence s 46° 00" 17" E 62 .917 chains thence due South intersecting the Southerly boundary of said property, all said property being a portion of the Lands of Rancho Simi, in the County of Ventura, State of California, as per map recorded in Book 3, Page 7 of Maps, records of said County, together with an irrevocable non-exclusive license (insofar as NAA has the right to grant such license - see note) to use the roadway known as "Burro Flats Road" for ingress and egress to the above site .

Total SCHEDULE I (a) $(To be deter- mined )

(b) Land Improvements (See Exhibit III )

1 . Grading

a . Control House - Grading of the site for an area approximately 109 feet square , on the southeast corner of the property . To be graded and pre- pared for building construction and parking facility pavement , providing proper drainage thereof. Removal of miscellaneous rocks , boulders and items obstructing observation and service installations .

Total SCHEDULE I (b)l .a . $ 11,000 .0 0

BNAU8738369

H DMSp01664983 NORTH AME RICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los An- l •>s 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Not Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 195 3

Estimated Coa t

SCHEDULE I Land and Land Improvement s

(b) Land Improvements ( See Exhibit III)

1 . Grading ( Continued )

b . Service Building - Grading of the site for an area of approximately 125' x 200' on the southwest corner of the property . To be graded and pre- pared for building construction and parking facility pavement , providing proper drainage thereof . Removal of miscellaneous rocks , boulders and items obstructing service installations .

Total SCH EDULE I (b)l .b . 18,000 .00

2 . Fees

a . Engineering fees and Topographical Site Survey .

Total SCHEDULE I (b)2 .a $ 2 .500 .00

Total SCHEDULE I $ 31,500 .00

Note : The Contractor has the property, Parcel "B" & "C", Exhibit II, containing the access road under lease . Right of access is . included in the lease by license agreement . Upon completion of the negotiations for purchase of Parcel "A" the license agreement will then become an easement pertinent to the land .

-3-

BNA08738370

HDMSp01664984 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Rot Firing of Rocket Engine s 1 June 1953

Estimated Cost SCHEDULE IT Buildings, Etc .

(a) Buildings

1 . Service Building ( See Exhibit V )

The service building is a one story structure 80' x 1601, having a total floor area of 12,800 square feet of which 40' x 80' is high bay area .

a . Type of Construction :

St ru ctural Frame - rigid steel frame construc- tion for span of 40 feet clear spaced 20'-0" O .C . with 201-0" to eave line lov portion and 30'-O" to eave line at high bay area . High bay designed for 15 ton craneway .

Roof Deck - Insulated type metal roof decking .

Exterior Walla - Corrugated asbestos traneite siding above T" concrete bulkhead 4'-6" high.

Floor - 5" reinforced concrete slab poure d on compacted grade . Floor hardener applied for finish .

Foundation - Reinforced concrete footings to suit condition of soil .

Total SCHEDULE II (a)1 . 73,200 .00

BNA08738371

H DMSp01664985 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Lou Angeles 45, California

COST SUM ARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facilit y Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953

Estimated Cost SCH EDULE II Buildings . Etc .

(a) Buildings (Continued )

2 . Control House (See Exhibit VI )

The control house is a block house type structure, floor area approximately 40'-0" x 60'-0" with 101-0" ceiling, to house recording instruments and control panels .

a . Type of Construction :

Structural Frame - Reinforced concrete floor, walls, roof deck and observation ports designed to form an integral reinforced concrete structure in strict accordance with the latest standards to withstand a possible blast .

Observation Ports - Layers of 2" bullet-proof glass .

Entrances - Designed and fitted with blast proof protection, air-tight seals and crash bare .

Total SCHEDULE II (a)2 . 61,000 .00

3 . Switch House (See Exhibit V1I )

The switch house is a one story structure , floor area approximately 151-0" x 20'-0" with 101-0" ceiling, located as shown to house instrumentation equipment as required to switch from one test stand to another for tests .

a . Type of Construction:

Structural Frame - Reinforced concrete floor, walls and roof slab designed to form an integral reinforced structure .

Total SCHEDULE II (a)3 . 9 15 .700 .00

Total SCHEDULE II (a) S 149,900 .00 -5-

BNAU8738372

H DMSp01664986 SANTAA MONICA '

4- EXHIBIT I ORIENTATION MAP OF LOS ANGELES AREA ly> BNAU8738375

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EXHIBIT V SERVICE RLb,_

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EXHIBIT VI CONTROL HOUSE

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H DMSpO1664992 FLoorz PLA N

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EXHIBIT VII SWITCH HOUSE

BNA0873837 9

H DMSpO1664993 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, California

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 195 3

SCHEDULE II Estimated Cost Buildings . Etc.

(b) Building Installation ( Not Mechanical )

1 . Service Buildin g

a . Plambing - All hot and cold water lines will be run in exposed galvanized steel . Fixtures will be as follows-

4 - Water closets , tank type , syphon vet, vitreous china . I. - Urinal, 5 ' C .I . enamelle d 4 - Lavoratories , vitreous china 1 - Service Sink, C .I. enamelled 2 - 1j" Hydrant s

Waste vent and soil lines shall be of standard weight, cast iron, and connected on the out- side to one 2 , 000 gallon service tank and see- page line disposal system . Two 13 " hydrants and hose reels will be connected to domestic water supply for fire protection purposes .

Total SCHEDULE II (a)l . 0 6,500 .00

b . Heating and Ventilating - A complete heating and ventilating system shall be furnished to main- tain 40° F. rise above outside ambient temper- ature and with a maximum ventilation rate of eight air changes per hour . The system shall include a 14 million BTU output , oil fired, forced air furnace and ducting ; 550 gallon underground oil storage tank ; and five 7,000 CFH supply air power , roof ventilators .

Total SCHEDULE II (b)1 . $ 14,500 .00

-6-

BNA0873838 0

H DMSp01664994 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953

SCHEDULE II Estimated Cost Buildings . Etc .

(b) Building Installation (Not Mechanical )

1 . Service Building (Continued)

c . Electric L aht - Lighting will be furnished by fluorescent fixtures with an intensity of 50 foot candles in all areas . Lighting current will be 115-230 volt, three wire, single phase frcm separate lighting trans- formers located in the building. Wire shall be in conduit exposed except in office area where all wiring will be concealed .

Total SCHEDULE II (c)1 . 10,300 .0 0

d . Electric Power - Secondary power shall b e 4 0 -vow lt, three phase, 60 cycle and 115-230 volt, three wire, single phase , 60 cycle . 460 volt power shall be from the 460 volt distribution system itemized in Schedule II-C . 115-230 volt power shall be from separate power transformers located in the building . Wiring shall be in conduit and exposed . Distribution in the building shall be a radial system fed from "Saflex" type power panels .

Total SCHEDULE II (4)1 . $ 2,550.00

-7-

BNA0873838 1

H DMSp01664995 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, California

COST SU MkRY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953

SCN RULE II Estimated Cost Buiidi gs . E tc .

(b) Building Installation ( Not Mechanical)

2 . Control Houee

a . Plwnbing - The plumbing is as specified for Service Building and uses fixtures as follows :

2 - Water Closet 1 - Urina l 2 - Lavoratory

Waste vent and soil lines shall be st andard weight, cast iron , and shall be connected on the outside to one 1,200 gallon septic tank and seepage line disposal system .

Total SCHEDULE II (a)2 . 2,400 .00

b. Heating and Air Conditioning System - A heating and air conditioning system shall be furnished to provide a 40° F . rise above outside ambient temperature or a depression of 15° F . under outside temperature , ( at a maximum wet bulb of 95° F . and wet bulb of 72° F . on the refriger- ation cycle) . Air conditioning required be- cause of control equipment . The heating system shall be 125,000 BTU/s:in . output, oil fired, forced air furnace and ducting with emergency outside air shut-off . 280 gallon underground oil storage tank . The refrigeration equipment shall consist of a packaged five ton air con-

BNA0873838 2

H DMSpO1664996 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Enginea 1 June 1953 Estimated Cost SCHEDULE II Buildings . Etc .

(b) Building Installation ( Not Mechanical)

2 . Control House (Continued)

c . Electric Lighting - Lighting will be furnished by fluorescent fixtures with an intensity of 50 foot candles . Wiring shall be provided as specified for Service Building .

Total SCHEDULE II (c)2 . $ 2,200 .00

d . Electric Power - Secondary power shall be as specified for the Service Building . In addi- tion 20 volt DC power and 400 cycle, 3 phase, 120-208 volt power will be distributed through- out the laboratory area . These services will be obtained from a 28 volt - 100 amp, rectifier, and a 400 cycle 120208 volt, 3 phase, motor- alternator set located within the Control Center Building .

Total SCHEDULE II (d)2 . $ 4,760.0 0

BNAU8738383

H DMSpO1664997 NORTH A1(ICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airpor t Los Angeles 45, California

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953

Estimated Cos t SCHEDULE II Buildings . Etc .

(b) Building Installation (Not Mechanical)

3 . Switch House

a . Plwnbina - Plumbing as specified for Service Building uses fixtures as follows :

2 - Water closets 1 - Urinal 2 - Lavoratorie s

Waste vent and soil lines shall be of standard weight, cast iron, and connected on the out- side to 1,200 gallon septic tank and seepage line disposal system.

Total SCHEDULE II (a)3 . $ 2,400 .00

b . Heating and Ventilating - A heating and ven- tilating system shall be furnished to maintain a 40o rise above outside amhient with a maximum ventilation rate of 12 air changes per hour . This shall be an integral heating and ventil- ating fan and ducting furnishing 2,000 CFM of fresh and/or return air plus 10 KW for electric heating of same .

Total SCHEDULE II (b)3 . $ 1,200.00

10-

BNA0873838 4

H DMSpO1664998 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 195 3

Estimated Cost SCHEDULE II Buildin e s . Etc .

3• Swit ch Hous e

c . Electric Lighting - Lighting will be furnished by inc andescent fixtures with an intensity of 35 foot candles .

Total SCHEDULE II (c)3 . * 350 .00

d . Electrical Power - Convenience outlets for main- tenance and repair will be provided . In addition, a 460 volt panel will be provided for service to the test stand . This will include a transformer for lighting and single phase power for the switch house and test stand .

Total SCHEDULE II (d)3 . 100 .0 0

Total SCHEDULE II (t) 0 58,660 .00

BNA08738385

H DMSp01664999 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC. International Airpor t Los Angeles 45, California

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Rginea 1 dune 1953

Estimated Cost SCHEDULE II Buildinae . Etc .

(c) Leasehold Improvement s

1 . Paved Area - Approximately 7,500 square feet around control house to be paved with three inch asphalt concrete . $ 1,500 .0 0

2. Pave d Area - Approximately 12,500 square feet around Service Building to be paved with three inch asphalt concrete . $ 2,500.00

3 . Road - Approximately 3,000 feet of ro ad 22 feet wide on U.S . A .F. property to be asphalt wearing surface per the standard specifications of the California State Highway Division for roadways . $ 39,x•00

4 . Fencing - Control Gate fencing at east and west roadway property entrances including approximately 1,000 feet of six foot high chain link fence with top rail and three strands of barb wire . Posts set in concrete . Suitable gating . $ 5,000 .0 0

5 . Basic domestic water and fire protection system including:

Three 50,000 gallon steel gravity water storage tanks located on highest point of elevation of property .

Approximately 800 lineal feet of 12" black steel welded pipe with valves , fittings and appurtenances .

Approximately 2,000 lineal feet of B't black steel welded pipe with fittings, valves and appurten ances .

BNA0873838 6

H DMSpO1665000 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, California

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facilit y Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953

Estimated Coat SCHEDULE II Buildines, Etc .

(c) Leasehold Improvements (Continued )

5 . Basic domestic water and fire protection system

The foregoing to furnish 5,000 G .P .M . peak flow at 100 P .S .I . to test stand area and 1,000 G. P .M . peak flow at 100 P .S .I. to Service Building Area . Water supply to above tanks furnished by two 400 foot deep wells, with deep well pumps to deliver 150 G .P .M . each to a 400 foot elevation above punpsite and de- livered through an estimated 1,000 feet of 4" black welded steel pipe . Polyphosphate water treatment tanks and equipment to be furnished at pumpsite . Zeolite water treatment to be furnished at each of three buildings . 92,000.0 0

6 . Electr i cal Overhead Distribution System

A . Electrical Substation - Power to facility will be obtained from an existing 1,500 KVA 16 .54 .16 KY sub-station located on contractor's property . Existing 4.16 KY line (contractor owneto pre- sent well site will be enlarged and a new line extension from the well to the facility will be installed . This line will terminate at a new 500 KVA, 4160/480 volt sub-station .

Cost of sub-station, including transformers pad, fence, switchgear and pole line (2 poles) all within leasehold . 7,800 .00

13

BNA0873838 7

H DMSpO1665001 NORTH A}~iICAN AVIATION, INC. International Airport Los Angeles 45, Califcrmia

COST SUH ARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 195 3

Estimated Cos t SCHEDULE II Buildings . Etc .

(c) Leasehold Improvement s

6 . Electrical Overhead Distribution Syste m

B . An overhead p ole line will be built from the 500 EVA substation to the service building, control center , switch house, cascade pumps, and the water well pump . This will include approximately 2]. poles , 30 feet high, with two poles for grade crossing at 40 feet . The power will be distributed at 460 volts, 3 phase, 60 cycles . Sectionalizing , switches, necessary switchgear , lightning protection, grounding, service drops , are included . The poles will also be used for area lighting , telephone cables , fire alarm , and signal circuits . (The costs of which are separately listed . ) 16,935 .00

C . Electrical underground wiring in rigid galvanized conduit from the switch house panel to the test stand will be at 460 volts , 3 phase , and 120 volts, single phase . Outlets will be provided in the test stand area for portable lighting , hand tools, and portable power equipment . Fixed installations will include local lighting , and motor driven equipment . Costs for one test stand only, are included . $ 4,000 .00

D . Water Well, Electrical - A starter and switch will be provided at the water well . In addition, a small transformer will be used for lighting and convenience outlets . 900 .0 0

E . General Area Lighting and Security - General lighting, signal and alarm systems will be in- stalled to comply with minimum security and safety requirements .

The alarm system and area lighting will utilize the poles installed primarily for the electrical distribution system . Fire alarm and control wiring is included . $ 5,600 .00 Total SCHEDULE II (c) $ 175,835 .OO ut

BNA0873838 8

H DMSpO1665002 a' ✓' e . a.- i

t'4/'1 Q ' ui~ O J ft(d v! US~r r q ~2 IiQ 4Y d / ati 6y

7/7// /7 - LP f t i ay // acs `J~Lti c Gj us/ ~t a

/ GOZt Z24 i //o T-e p~p2t O N / % i GI a/!~

/~ J-M ' ws //

/i e r~ y ~o fl/ US~ L are e 7//c

T~ gt ysy/Ovu % Skouir-/ , N /off/Q

m's Cpl/ edvl i f> / /vil~ ~e ✓ Py~'ia ~~( d I The Crn~ 7~voc f v

BNA08738389

H DMSp01665003 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Faci lity Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 195 3

Estimated Cost SCHEDULE II Buildings . Etc .

(c-1) Off Leasehold Improvements

1 . Road - approximately 4,000 feet of graded road 22 feet wide . Improvement consists of strength- ening several fill are as and widening where re- quired . Asphalt paving, per standard specifi- caticns of the California State Division of Highways for roadways , is required to maintain road under traffic and weather conditions . 52,8 ;0,00

2. Power - Power to facility will be furnished as outlined under Schedule II (c), item 1 .

Cost of installing larger 4 .16 KV conductors on contractor's line to existing well site, six spans , and extension of pole line, two spans , to leasehold boundary line . $ ~3,200 .C0

Total SCHEDULE lI (c-l ) $ 56,ouc ._'u

15

BNA08738390

H DMSp01665004 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC International Airport Los Angeles 45, California 1 June 1953

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM HOT FIRING OF SOCKET ENGIFE S

SCHEDULE III S.C.C. No Machine end Equipment Dept. No of e-1 Machiner y Dept. Name ServiceBuilding1

(1) ITEM NUMBER 1

(2) SUB CLASS Drilling Machine

(3) TYP E Floor - Box Column

(4) MANUFACTURER Cleereman

(5) MODEL #2 5

(6) SIZE GROUP 25" Swing

(7) UTILITIES (o) Motor H .P. 2 (b) A 4 (c) Electrical 440 volt 60 cycle 3 phase (d) Dthe r

(8) AUXILIARY ITEMS . ATTACK MENTS CONTROLS ETC. Coolant Pump & Motor

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Requ`red Date (b) Poss'ble Substitution s Fosdick

(10) QUANTITY REQ' D 1

(11) UNIT COSTS (a) Purchase Pric e 4,396 (b) Installation (Schedule V) 15 0 (c) Total Unit Costs 4,546 (12) TOTAL COST 4,546

BNA0873839 1

H DMSp01665005 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airpor t Los Angeles 45, California 1 June 19$3

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM HOT FIRING OF ROCKET ERGINE

SCHEDULE III S.C.C . No . 3It15 83 10 00 12280 02 Machine and E ui ent Dept . No. Page ]L of e-2 E 1 ent Dept. Name Service Building

- (1) ITEM NUMBER 2

(1) SUB CLASS Grinder

(3) TYPE Pedestal

(4) MANUFACTURER Cincinnati

(5) MODEL FOA

(6) SIZE GROUP 10"

(7) UTILITIE S (a) Motor H .P . 2 (b) A r (c) Electrical (d) Other

(81 AUXIL .IARYJ TEM5_ATTA f MENT$,_CONTROLS, ETC. Dnit Collector

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Req.'red Dat e (b) Poss ble Substitutions slack & Decke r

(101 QUANTITY REQ'D 2

(11) UNIT COST S (a) Purchase Pric e 350 (b) Installation ( Schedule V) 100 (c) Totol Unit Cost s 450

(12) TOTAL COST 900

BNA08738392

H DMSpO1665006 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC lnternational Airport Los Angeles 45, California 1 June 1953

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM HOT FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINE S

SCHEDULE III S.C.C . No . 345111111 65952 Machinery & E ui ¢ent Dept. Na. Pag e 1B of a-2 Equipment Dept, Name Service Building

(1) ITEM NUMBER 3

(2) SUB CLASS Welder

(3) TYP E Generator

(4) MANUFACTURER Nilson

(5) MODEL

(6) SIZE GROUP 200 A . (1) UTILITIES (a) Motor H.P . (b) A r (c) Electrical 440 volt 60 cycle 3 phase (d) Other

(8) AUXILIARY ITEMS ATTACH- MENTS CONTROLS ETC.

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Requ : red Dat e (b) Possble Substitutions Lincoln

(10) QUANTITY REQ'D 1

(11) UNI T COST S (a) Purchase Price 1,100 (b) Installation (Schedule V) (c) Total Unit Costs 1,10 0

(12) TOTAL COST 1,100

BNA0873839 3

H DMSpO1665007 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC International Airport Los Angeles 45, California 1 June 195 3

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM ROT FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINE S

SCHEDULE III S.C.C . No. 44512102000 00000 Nachinery and E ui ent Dept. No. Page 19 of e-2 Equipsent Dept. None Service Building

(f) ITEM NUMBER 4

(2) SUBCLASS Welding Machines

e (3) TYP E Transformer Typ

(4) MANUFACTURER Air Reduction Pacific Co .

e (5) MODEL Bumblebe

200 Ain AC (6) SIZE GROUP

(7) UTILITIES (a) Motor H.P. (b) A° r (c) Electrical AC 440 volt 60 cycle 3 phase (d) Other

(8) AUXILIARY ITEMS ATTACH MENTS CONTROLS, ETC.

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Required Dat e (b) Poss'ble Substitutions General Electric

(10) QUANTITY REQ'D 1

(11) UNIT COSTS (a) Purchase Price 975 (b) Installation (Schedule V) (c) Total Unit Costs 97 5

( ( 2) TOTAL COST 975

BNA08738394

H DMSpO1665008 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC International Airpor t Los Angeles 45, California 1 Tune 195 3

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM ROT FIRING OF ROCKET ENGT1fE S

SCHEDULE III S .C .C.po 3312 00 00 00 00 86852 00 Machinery and E ui ent D . No Pogo 20 of b Building Inata]latione Dept. plo Service Ruilding

(1) ITEM NUMBER 5

(2) SUB CLASS Compressor

(3) TYPE Air

(4) MANUFACTURER Ingersol-Rand

(5) MDDEL 40-D

(6) SIZE GROUP

(7) UTILITIE S (a) Motor H .P . 40 (b) A' r (c) Electrical 440 volt, 60 cycle, 3 phase (d) Other

(B) AUXILIARY ITEMS- ATTACH= MENTS. CONTROLS. ETC. Receiver #R- 5

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Requ `red Date (b) Poss'ble Substitutions Chicago Pneumati c

(10) QUANTITY REQ'D 1

(11) UNIT COST S (a) Purchase Price 3,100 (b) Installation (Schedule V) 100 (c) Total Unit Costs 3,20 0

(12) TOTAL COST 3,200

BNA08738395

H DMSpO1665009 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM HOT FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINES

SCHEDULE Ill S.C.C .No_ 3312 00 00 00 00 86852 00 !4achthery and Equipment Dept. No Pa 21 o f b Building Installations Dept. Nome Control Rouse

(1) ITEM NUMBER 6

(2) SUB CLASS Compressor

(3) TYPE Ai r

(4) MANUFACTURER Ingersol Rand

(S) MODEL 15 B

(6) SIZE GROU P

(7) UTILITIES (a Motor H.P. 1 5 (b) A? r (c) Elechical 440 volt 60 cycle 3 Phas e (d) Other

(8) AUXILIARY ITEMS ATTACH Receive r MENTS. CONTROLS ETC.

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Requ 'red Dat e (b) Poss ble Substitutions Chicago Pneumatic

(10) QUANTITY REQ'D 1

(11) UNIT COST S (a) Purchase Price 1600 (b) Installation (Schedule V) 100 (c) Total Unit Costs 1700

(12) TOTAL COST 1700

BNAU8738396

H DMSpO1665010 NORT AMERICAN AVIATION,ING International Ajiport Los Angeles 45, California 1 June 1953

ACCEPTMiCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM HOT FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINES

SQIEIXILE III S.cc tio- 5512 23 00 00 00 11i940 00 Machinery and Equipment Building Inatefatione ~. No ServiceI iding0E

(1) ITEM NUMBER 7

(2) SOB CLASS Crane

(3) TYPE Bridge - Sop Riding

( 41 MAMJFAC 1JRER Crane Roiat Rngineering

(5) MODE L

(6) SIZE GROUP 15 Ton - ItO' Span

(7) UTILITIES (a) Motor H.P. 20 Total (b) Air (c) Electrical hito volt 60 cynic 3 Phas e (d) Other

( 8) AUXILIARY ITEMS- ATTACH- MENTS CONTROLS ETC. Rai l

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Requ ! red Dat e (b) Posa'ble Substitution s

(10) QUANTITY REQ' D 1

(11) UNIT COST S (a) Purchase Pric e llt, 000 (b) Installation (Schedule V) 2,1100 (c) Total Unit Cost s 16, Itoo (12) TOTAL COST 16,4oo

BNA0873839 7

H DMSp01665011 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, California

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Fnginee 1 June 195 3 Estimated Cost SCHEDULE III Machinery, Fnnipment . Etc .

(a) Machinery and Fquipment $ 7,171 . (b) Building Installations (Mechanical) 18,700.

(c) Laboratory and Testing Equipment

1 . Test Stand

The teat stand design will be of vertical type as shown in Exhibit Ix • It will consist of a shallow flame pit and concrete base , a water-cooled flame deflector , a steel base structure and a steel superstructure .

The concrete base and flame pit will be an angled struc- ture approxumately 30 feet by 30 feet and 25 feet deep at one end . It mill be keyed into the rock and will support the steel structure and the flame deflector as well as take the thrust load .

A steel flame deflector approximately 11+ feet wide and with a radius of 20 feet will be anchored to the concrete base .

Jet core coolant as well as deflector film coolant will be employed. Water coolant flows are expected to be as high as 5000 0PM~ initially .

The basic steel superstructure will be tied in at ground level at one end and has 2 steel legs at the other . This structure will have a work platform at the thrust chamber level .

A steel superstructure approximately 35 feet high and 14 feet square will house the thrust measuring system and the tank and cage assemblies . Test tanks and cages will re- main with the test stand for the duration of acceptance testing of a particular engine or a series of similar engines .

23

BNA0873839 8

H DMSp01665012 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, California

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptenee Test Facility Not Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953 Estimated Cost SCHEDULE III - Continued

Dollies on rails or a hoisting system will be used to roll the rocket engine into the stand and hoist it into position . Work platforms will be located at convenient levels to allow access to piping, valves, controls and instrumentation .

Steel blast shields will be located between the rocket engine end the lover tank and between the two tanks .

Total SCREDULE III(c)l . $ 168, O8O.Oo

2. Pipin g

All piping will be designed to standard codes and will be adequate for service of a 1-million pound thrust system . The piping will be divided into seven cate- gories .

(a) Fuel Servicing . Fuel service piping will consist of lines from the standpipe , convenient for trailer loading to the fuel test tank . The valuing will allow for normal fill and drain and emergency drain . A filter will be included in the fill line .

(b) Oxidizer Servicing. Oxidizer service piping will con- sist of " lines from the 1.0-1500 liquid o~ggen stor- age tanks to the oxidizer test tank . Provisions will be made for normal fill and drain and emergency drain . The liquid o xygen will be filtered before entry into the storage container , however , an additional filter will be included in the fill line .

(c ) Nitrogen Supply . A 21150 PSI gaseous nitrogen supply consisting of six 1♦5 cu .ft . bottles manifolded to a common line is required . A 2-inch line will aupply gaseous nitrogen to the test stand. From this source regulated pressure will be piped to the oxidizer and fuel teet tanks . Regulated pressure will also be piped to the stand for purging and flushing various lines .

z4

BNA08738399

H DMSpO1665013 NORTH Ate RICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facilit y Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953 Estimated Cost SCHEDULE III - Continued

(d) Gas Generator Ground Supply . A combustor ground supply is required in starting the gas generator system. The system will consist of a small feed system complete with fuel and oxidizer tanks and all valving required for tank pressurization, line bleeds , purges and propellant supply to the combustor .

(e) Helium Control lines . A PSI helium line will be provided from the helium booster to the rocket engine supply bottles . Palving and controls will provide for remote control of the helium booster and piping system .

(f) Stand Fire Extinguishing Fguioment . The stand fire extinguishing equipment will be of the water fog type with adjustable fog nozzles supplying complete coverage of critical points . The system will be so arranged to provide a "fail wet" con- dition in the event of equipment or control failure .

(g) Flame Coolant Lines . A finch line with remote control valving will supply the coolant water to the flame deflector and the jet core coolant .

Total SCHEDULE III (c)- 2 27,500.00

3. Instrumentation

The proposed facility will be provided with oscillo- graphic and direct writing recording instrumentation, including sensing elements, matching units, switches, cables, recorders, etc . The instrumentation is in- tended to be sufficient for acceptance type testing on rocket power plants that may include as many as three engines in a cluster .

Up to 103 variables may be recorded for any of the test stands on direct writing pen-and-ink type recorders . The time sequence of as many as 60 events may be re- corded on three pen- and-ink recorders . Any of these 163 items, up to a total of 36, may be recorded on oscillo- graphic type recorders . Exceptional flexibility

25

BNA08738400

H DMSpO1665014 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 195 3 Estimated Cost

SCHEDULE III - Continued

is allowed in the choice of recording medium. Any variable may be recorded on either or both the oscillo- graph and a pen-and- ink recorder with only one sensing element . If necessary, the choice can be made after calibration in most instances . If both recording media are used, the transient response of the oscillograph will not be impaired . Chart drive control is individually and automatically selected so that two or more stands may use any non-overlapping combination of recorders simul- taneously . A "remote-off-inch " switch for each recorder will provide additional chart drive control flexibility.

Because an entire measuring system, with the exception of sensing elements , is common to all test stands, the instrumentation cost per stand would be very low.

The key feature of the proposed recording system is a re- mote switch house located a minimum distance f ro m all test stands . Only one cable would connect each recorder to this switch house . A multi- pole switch for each measuring channel would select the test stand to be con- nected . All zero and span settings would be made on locking type Du-Dial Potentiometers . These dials would be reset to values determined at calibration when changing selection switch position . All recorders would have a standardized input of 0-10 my D .C . Thus, calibrations could be made against master recorders in the switch house reducing congestion in the recording and control center . Secondary reference standards would be operated from the switch house permitting calibrations under optimum com- munication conditions .

The switch house would contain carrier equipment oscillators, demodulators, attenuators, etc ., for generating a standard output of 0-10 my with any type sensing element . Flui d flow rate and rotary speed would be measured by pulse generating sensing elements . The output of each would be shaped and scaled before being recorded on the oscillo- graph . Up to 15 such sensing elements could be h andled. Special converters would be available to generate a D.C. signal (0-10 mv) proportional to pulse frequency for re- cording any three of these on pen-and-ink type recorders .

26

BNA08738401

H DMSp01665015 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC. International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 195 3 Estimated Cost

SCHEDULE III - Continued

A fixed frequency oscillator and oscilloscope are pro- vided for checking purposes . Provision is made for car- tier equipment for variable reluctance type sensing elements such as will be used for pressure and position measurements . This equipment, arranged in five groups of 12 channels each , consists of a 3 kc oscillator, a demodu- lator with attenuators and filters and individual range and balance control units . All channels are wired to both the oscillograph patch panel and the graphic recorder patch panel . Shorting resistors are incorporated in the oscillo- graph jacks so that each circuit is always loaded . Thus an oscillogrephic record may be added or deleted without changing pen-and-ink recorder calibration .

Provision is made for temperature measurement . Thermo-couples are used as sensing elements because of their small thermal lag, adaptability and low cost . Iron-constanten leads from the test stand to switch house will establish this material as the standard choice, although other combinations may be used . Each of the 30 channels is provided with a refer- ence junction, attenuator and calibration terminals . The reference junction will be maintained at -320° F or 320 F, thus providing two sets of ranges !

1 . A lower limit of -320° F and an upper limit of 1000 to 1800° F . 2 . A lower limit of 32° F and an upper limit of 370° F to 1800° F .

All channels are wired to both the oscillograph patch panel and the pen-and-ink recorder patch p an el . However, when any temperature is recorded on the oscillograph, either* separately or in conjunction with the pen-and-ink recorder, the minimum span will be slightly greater than that noted above , and the system will have to be calibrated, as used, for accuracy .

Variable resistance sensing elements such as load calls are used for thrust measurement and variable inductance units requiring amplification. Eight channels are provided

27

BNA0873840 2

H DMSp01665016 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, California

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Acceptance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953 Estimated Cost

SCHEDULE III - Continued

with a common 3 KC oscillator and power supply, indi- vidual amplifier, demodulator and attenuator units . The amplifiers may be either (1) carrier, or (2) linear, integrate type . As with other types, each channel ma y be recorded on either or both oscillograph and pen-and-ink recorder . Separate span and zero adjustment would be pro- vided with no impairment of oscillograph frequency re- sponse caused by the pen-and-ink recorder.

Two special channels for capacitance liquid level gages which are intended for pen-and-ink recording only are pro- vided . The system will utilize a 2 KC carrier signal.

In addition, a number of jacks are available in the patch panels for other special sensing elements and measurements which require only attenuation such as electrical current, voltage and power .

The oscillographic measurements will be made on two 15- channel Consolidated Type 5-314 units which record on 7- inch wide sensitized paper . The pen-and-ink recorders will be Brown Electronic units having full scale excursion in 1 second . Ball-point pens will record on strip charts having 10 inches usable width and speeds from 15 inches t o 60 inches per minute . Standardization will be simultaneously initiated for all recorders by a single manually controlled push button .

Total SCHEDULE III (c)-3 $ 225,000 .00

4. Liquid Oxygen Storage

Two Linde L0-1500 storage containers , with a total capacity of 3 million cu .ft . of gaseous oxygen at standard condi- tions , are required . As stands are added and the test schedule increases , additional containers will be required.

Total SCHEDULE III (c)-4 $ 154,000 .00

28

BNA08738403

H DMSp01665017 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC . International Airport Los Angeles 45, Californi a

COST SUMMARY Appendix A Accept ance Test Facility Hot Firing of Rocket Engines 1 June 1953 Estimated Cos t

SCHEDULE III - Continue d

5 . Liquid Nitrogen Storage

One Linde IN-1200 storage container with a total capacity of approximately 1,200,000 cu .ft . of gaseous nitrogen at standard conditions as required . This container will be located behind natural rock barriers .

Pumps and filters to handle approximately 1,500,000 cu .ft . per hour through 4-inch inlet and outlets driven by a 15 HP motor .

ESnersion pump and cascade system .

Cascade receivers . 6 . rations : consoles for operations at the test stand will be provided. The consoles will include the engine checkout console , the utility console and the command cutoff console. Consoles will be installed in control center Building. $ 3,000 .00

Total SCHEDULE III (c)-5 $ 149,050 .00

Sub- Total SCHEDULE III (c) $ 726,630 .00

7 . Engineering Fees 72,663 .00

Total SCHEDULE III (c) $ 799,293 .00

29

BNA08738404

H DMSpO1665018 MIRTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC Interna tional Airpor t Los Angeles 45, California 1 June 1953

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM HOT FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINE S

SCHEUULE III S.C.C. No Various Machinery & Equipment Dept. No All Page 0 al kd)Furniture Dept. Na.e Various

(1) ITEM NUMBE R

(2) SUB CLASS Furniture as listed .

(3) TYPE Uni t (4) MANUFACTURER Quantity Description Price Total 5 Desks , Typist 140 700 MODEL (5) 15 Desks , Standard 110 1,650 20 Swivel Chairs 35 700 (6) SIZE GROUP 18 Straight Chairs 10 180 18 stools 4 7 2 (7) UTILITIES 50 Lockers 8 400 (o) lAsier H.P. 4 Conference Tables 49 396 (b) Air 12 File Cabinets 80 960 (c) Electracol 5 Typewriters 155 77 5 (d) Other 4 Calculators 775 3,10 0 30 Work Benches 50 1,500 (8) AUXILIARY ITEMS ATTACH 6o Bins 40 2,40 0 MEN[S CONTR_OL5 ETC. 5 Cabinets 45 225 3 Machinists Benches 40 12 0 13,177

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Requ ' red Date (b) Poss=ble Substitution s

(10) QUANTITY REQ' D

(11) UNIT CASTS (a) Purchase Price (b) Installation (Schedule V) (c) Total Unit Cost s

(12) TOTAL COST 13,177

BNA0873840 5

H DMSp01665019 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC International Airpo rt Los Angeles 45, Californ ia 1 June 195 3

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM HOT FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINE S

SCHEDULE IV S.C.C. No . 6321 30 00 00 00 34968 00 Portable Tools and Dept . No . Page o f Automotive Equipment Dept . Name Service Building b Automotive Equipment

(1) ITEM NUMBER

(2) SUB CLASS Bus

(3) TYPE Passenger

(4) MANUFACTURER Langlois

(5) MODEL 27

(6) SIZE GROUP 27 Passenger

(7) UTILITIES (a) Motor H .P . (b) A; r (c) Electrical (d) Other Gasoline

(8) AUXILIARY ITEMS ATTACH MENTS. CONTROLS . ETC.

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Requ'red Date (b) Poss'ble Substitutions

(10) QUANTITY REQ'D I

(11) UNIT COSTS (a) Purchase Pric e 5,200 (b) Installation ( Schedule V) (c) Total Unit Casts 5,200

(12) TOTAL COST 5,200

BNA08738406

H DMSpO1665020 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC Intentional Airport Los Angeles 45, California 1 June 1953

ACCEPTANCE TEST .FACILITf PROGRAM HOT FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINES

SOIED(ILE Iv S.cc tie_ 4331 12 30 00 00 2301t0 00 Portable Tole and Dept. No- Page 32 of Automotive Equipment Dept. Nuns Service Building b Automotive Equipment

(1) ITEM NUMBE R

(2) SUB CLASS Truck

(3) TYPE Pickup

(4) MAMJFACTURER Ford

(5) MO DE L F8

(6) SIZE GROUP 1/2 Ton

(7) UTILITIES (a) Motor H.P. (b) Ai r (c) Electrical (d) Other Gasoline

(8) AUXILIARY ITEMS. ATTAO-I MENTS- CONTROLS, ETC

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATION (a) Requ red Date (b) Poss ' ble Substitution s

(10) QUANTITY REQ'D 2

(11) UNIT COSTS (a) Purchase Price 3,100 (b) Installation (Schedule V) (c) TatalUnttCosts 3,10 0

( 12) TOTAL COST 6,200

BNA0873840 7

H DMSp01665021 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC International Airport Los Angeles 45, California 1 June 195 3

ACCEPTANCE TEST FACILITY PROGRAM B0T FIRING OF ROCKET ENGINE S

SCHEDLLE IV S.C.C. 1,40. 5561 10 81 10 00 12603 Portable Tools and Dept. N o. PageoI Automotive E uipment Dept tlm.e Service Buildin g b Automotive Equipment

(1) ITEM NUMBER

(2) SUR CLASS Truck

(3) TYPE Lift-Fork

(4) MANUFACTURER Clark e

(5) MDDEL 4015

(6t1 SI ZE GROUP 4000 lbs .

(1) UTILITIES (a) Motor H.P. (b) Ai r (c) Electrical (d) Other Gasoline

(8) AUXILIARY ITEMS ATTACH Dynatork drive MENTS . CONTROLS ETC 48" Chisel Forks Overhead Guards

(9) SPECIAL INFORMATIOW (a) Requ `. red Dat e (b) Poss&ble Substitution s Yale & Towne

(10) QUANTITY REQ'D 1

(11) UNIT COSTS (a) Porch. Price 4,244 (b) Installation (Schedule V) (c) Total Unit Cost s 4,244

(12) TOTAL COST 4,244

BNA08738408

H DMSp01665022 EXHIBIT I X TOWER FROM CONTROL HOUSE

=EE R AIR MATERIEL COMMAND I) R[PtY AGORAS RDIN WIIIGNT. PAITERSON All FORCE RASE VEIOPEN IP r1COMMANDING DAYTON, OMIO i CQYMA ND, AT tt ONEWt. LOWING OFFICE IYMAOII

a l. .t' ;12 Atl, :n,ei ant] cn for pnti ;n :': 'In-{i r~'nri n :: oC i+orLit At1torican Avinlioll, Tnn . ' :nlt,n t1 to Foci]ii ;•~

Air Force F.1 .nn1: Rc „ rcrnnt•rL1v'' i+Ul•iril f,t'e f'i cutl AYi l,io11 _. 'lernj,,et~to Ail' 1',%L 1 : •rir :) Lll'e :L Airport . Lot ill ,Cr`1e / . C,,lifca', ir l

TC : ccrl ;, All :r•ican AviaL.ion, )nc . 00 12"Jew.,ai, Ca] .i .forni n en

I . Authorization in herc1y given to cnt:a c an arcltitocl,,,rrcl alai ; :m-i,''i ir;.; Cron t,o pre r>; rc A.r< ;iuTa .en'l r.nccuS]COIT .or,a p^rininir to Lho crmsLrucLion of a roc}rt. en :iur: hot tr. :,t acceptance Loc:ait~ to he 1r.cnLal at 3ant:.1 :1LC:arn, C1]i2ornl .'. . in an ttnoulll. not to cxc,•xl '•30,n'Q, -re, as cut! lnc,i it E03-i.11 ii oa cnn iiriution, Inc ., Anpeulli.r "iL" _i ; .l • r 1 Acne i'nr`ormauce ,nr;nr illi : ; au'Lhorizr.i .inn l2 sniijeci. to 1 .,,e a , a ara7. a:' ti, 1<1' irlnd nistrativc ContracIirl; C.'f ic-r .

2, It is articipat_ :ri lint contractual authority to cover this i L.rrl o;• + :i11 be ;neoapli : irr: : Jr, the very neor 1'utvro by vtrnd- ,,ra . to F,cijitlr'r Ccmt .ract :U :'(03-) °5GF% . e M 3, icrc :i tru'( urr,i . arzi rn '_ nr•„riit, rorl prrCrn,;mcc% vn?"r i,l- is ar{'.rrit•: ;-l all -,•H1n Le : to the 1 0" acre Marcel of l nni offer,:' by the a, co,tl-, I .cr In li.•v ci :% cr,el 17 ,6 rcscribcO in contr^ cter'c: loI L, . i?, m 1 'v=! )"al!i 'I t .o(i .rcl, 1 i!"" Et

cr : , ;:ccrr:ar•nte V A r,,ilrt F . ~:i.chcllu•av t v m Ccptrlei ini icar

28601

M DEFENSE-SIN ANTONIO 15 FED 51 3500 Mq AMC Fern N0. Y (R., D F.b 41)

BNA0873841 1

H DMSpO1665025