DOCSLIB.ORG

Histopathology of Protozoal Infection in Animals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Veterinaria Italiana, 2012, 48 (1), 99‐107 Histopathology of protozoal infection in animals: a retrospective study at the University of Philippines College of Veterinary Medicine (1972‐2010) Abigail M. Baticados & Waren N. Baticados Summary Istopatologia da infezione The authors describe the first parasitological survey of protozoal infections on tissue slide protozoaria negli animali: uno sections of field cases processed at the studio retrospettivo (1972‐2010) histopathology laboratory of the College of presso l’Università delle Veterinary Medicine (CVM) at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). Over 80% Filippine nel College di of the field cases were from Region 4 Medicina Veterinaria (CALABARZON) and the rest were equally distributed from other areas of the Philippines, Riassunto namely: Region 2 (Cagayan Valley), Gli autori descrivono la prima indagine Metropolitan Manila (National Capital Region), parassitologica delle infezioni protozoarie su vetrino Region III (Central Luzon) and Region VI attraverso sezioni di tessuto, di casi trattati in (Western Visayas). Histopathological analyses campo, presso il laboratorio di istopatologia del of tissue sections from 51 archived cases (1972‐ Collegio di Medicina Veterinaria (CVM) attivo 2010) of parasitic aetiology were performed. nell’ Università delle Filippine a Los Baños (UPLB). Microscopic examination of a total of Oltre lʹ80% dei casi provenivano dalla Regione 4 286 histopathological slides revealed the (CALABARZON) e il resto dei casi proveniva presence of several protozoa, including equamente da altre zone delle Filippine, e precisa‐ sarcosporidiosis, hepatic coccidiosis, intestinal mente: dalla Regione 2 (Cagayan Valle), coccidiosis, balantidiosis and leucocyto‐ Metropolitan Manila (National Capital Region), zoonosis. In addition, the finding of Balantidium dalla Regione III (Central Luzon) e dalla Regione and Sarcocystis may have zoonotic implications VI (Western Visayas). Sono state effettuate analisi and can therefore be used as markers of public istopatologiche di sezioni di tessuto provenienti da health importance. 51 casi archiviati (1972‐2010) con eziologia parassitaria. L’ esame microscopico su un totale di Keywords 286 vetrini istopatologici, ha mostrato la presenza di Histopathology, Parasite, Parasitism, Protozoa, alcune malattie protozoarie, tra cui la Sarcocistosi, Philippines, Public health, Tissue section. la Coccidiosi epatica, la Coccidiosi intestinale, la Balantidiasi e la Leucocitozoonosi. Inoltre, la presenza del protozoo Balantidium e Sarcocystis, può avere implicazioni zoonotiche ed essi possono quindi essere usati come importanti indicatori nella salute pubblica. Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines [email protected], [email protected] © Istituto G. Caporale 2012 www.izs.it/vet_italiana Vol. 48 (1), Vet Ital 99 Histopathology of protozoal infection in animals: a retrospective study Abigail M. Baticados & Waren N. Baticados at the University of Philippines College of Veterinary Medicine (1972‐2010) Parole chiave Veterinary Medicine (CVM) of the University Istopatologia, Parassita, Parassitismo, Protozoi, of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). Another Filippine, Salute pubblica, Sezioni di tessuto. useful method but one which is seldom applied or only performed on a case‐to‐case Introduction basis at the CVM‐UPLB is histopathology of tissue sections. Upon microscopic examination Infections caused by protozoan parasites are of tissues, protozoa may be seen in the widely known to infect various hosts in the intestinal crypts, or free in the lumen of the Philippines and they are responsible for many gastrointestinal tract and in organs of extra‐ diseases observed in both domestic and wild intestinal origin, such as the liver, lungs, animals, as well as in birds and humans. muscle and bile duct, among others (2, 17, 18, Certain species of medical importance have 21, 23, 40). Some examples of protozoa found been investigated with considerable care in the in the blood are Plasmodium spp. (5, 49), country, especially the malarial parasites, the Leukocytozoon spp. (50), Trypanosoma spp. (6, 7, dysentery amoeba, Entamoeba histolytica and 8, 13), those found in faeces are Giardia (22) the dysentery ciliate, Balantidium coli (17). and Balantidium (15); Cryptosporidium spp. (24) According to a previous study that was and species found in extra‐intestinal origins conducted approximately over eight decades are Eimeria grallinida and E. stiedae in the liver ago, several protozoan parasites were found and bile ducts (41); Isospora serine is found in from different animals in the Philippine the respiratory system (12) and Sarcocystis spp. Islands. This includes Eimeria in rabbits, bats which are usually found in the muscles, brain and python, Isospora in the Ruddy kingfisher and in other predilection sites, depending on (Halcyon coromanda) and Crested Myna the species (14, 38). (Acridotheres cristatellus) and Pied Triller or The histopathological examination of tissues Lalage (Lalage nigra) and Haemoproteus in the can be of great value as a diagnostic tool Dollarbird (formerly Broad‐billed Roller) because the finding of the protozoan organism (Eurystomus orientalis), Besra (formerly is definitive. Since suspected protozoal cases Philippine sparrowhawk) (Accipiter virgatus), are not often diagnosed by histopathological Philippine oriole (Oriolus steerii), Philippine examination at the UPLB‐CVM, this study coucal (formerly Java coucal) (Centropus viridis) therefore dealt with a retrospective review of and Spotted Wood‐kingfisher (formerly protozoan infections through histopathological Lindsay’s kingfisher) (Actenoides lindsayi). In examinations. monkeys, several Endamoeba and Trichomonas The paper reports on the different species of species, Endolimax, Dientamoeba, Chilomastix, protozoan parasites found upon histo‐ Giardia lamblia and B. coli were also listed (17). pathological examination. Results of the Generally, there are no specific clinical signs examination revealed an overall percentage of associated with the infection in animals (10, 9.8% positive for protozoa. In addition, the 43), especially protozoan infection in nature. finding of Balantidium (2%) and Sarcocystis Frequently manifested signs include weight (2%) suggests zoonotic implications and may loss, inappetence, weakness and gastro‐ therefore be used as markers of public health intestinal signs, such as diarrhoea. These are importance. often seen in immunocompromised animals, or young animals with heavy infestations (18, 43); Materials and methods however, healthy animals may show various signs as well. Data collection Several methods are used to diagnose the Handwritten records stored in the logbooks of presence of protozoa. Basically, microscopic the Histopathology Laboratory of the examination of blood and faecal samples are Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences the most common methods of examination (DVPS) at the CVM‐UPLB were searched for performed to detect protozoa at the College of keywords ‘parasitism, protozoa or specific 100 Vol. 48 (1), Vet Ital www.izs.it/vet_italiana © Istituto G. Caporale 2012 Abigail M. Baticados & Waren N. Baticados Histopathology of protozoal infection in animals: a retrospective study at the University of Philippines College of Veterinary Medicine (1972‐2010) names of parasitic infections’ from 1972 to Figure 1 shows several stages of the parasite, 2010. The histopathology reports of this cohort specifically macrogametocyte and microga‐ of cases were included as samples for the metocyte, in the liver parenchyma of a rabbit. study. Respective control numbers of the cases In addition, microscopic lesions, such as severe were correlated with the slides and these biliary hyperplasia, were observed. Similarly, sections were set aside for microscopic in Figure 2, partly destroyed intestinal wall examination. with different stages of coccidian parasite were observed. Occupying the intestinal lining were Histopathological examination several macrogametocyte, microgametocyte, The different tissue samples were processed immature oocysts with zygote and schizonts using the routine paraffin technique for with many elongated merozoites. In the case of histological examination. Briefly, tissue Figure 3, sarcocysts or muscle cysts were samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution to displayed. Subsequently, crescent‐shaped arrest tissue decomposition or degeneration. slender bradyzoites were revealed at higher Thereafter, tissues were dehydrated with increasing concentrations of alcohol. A portion of each sample was individually embedded in paraffin and serially sectioned (3 μ ‐10 μ) using American Optical 820 Rotary Microtome® (Scientific Instruments Division, Buffalo, New York), followed by slide mounting and haematoxylin and eosin tissue staining. Processed samples were individually examined under low power and high power magnification and oil immersion objective when necessary. A systematic approach was Figure 1 employed in the examination of the entire Liver of rabbit with Eimeria stiedae infection (A) Grey arrow shows convoluted hyperplastic bile slide. Photomicrographs were obtained using a duct Nikon Eclipse E‐200 microscope with DS‐Fi1‐ Area enclosed a box (bar = 1 mm) (B) Black and white arrows indicate the L2 colour camera head and LCD monitor microgametocyte and microgametocyte, (Nikon, Tokyo). respectively (bar = 1 µm)
Recommended publications
  • Extended-Spectrum Antiprotozoal Bumped Kinase Inhibitors: a Review

    Extended-Spectrum Antiprotozoal Bumped Kinase Inhibitors: a Review

    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Veterinary Science Faculty Publications Veterinary Science 9-2017 Extended-Spectrum Antiprotozoal Bumped Kinase Inhibitors: A Review Wesley C. Van Voorhis University of Washington J. Stone Doggett Portland VA Medical Center Marilyn Parsons University of Washington Matthew A. Hulverson University of Washington Ryan Choi University of Washington Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_facpub See next page for additional authors Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Immunology of Infectious Disease Commons, and the Parasitology Commons Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Repository Citation Van Voorhis, Wesley C.; Doggett, J. Stone; Parsons, Marilyn; Hulverson, Matthew A.; Choi, Ryan; Arnold, Samuel L. M.; Riggs, Michael W.; Hemphill, Andrew; Howe, Daniel K.; Mealey, Robert H.; Lau, Audrey O. T.; Merritt, Ethan A.; Maly, Dustin J.; Fan, Erkang; and Ojo, Kayode K., "Extended-Spectrum Antiprotozoal Bumped Kinase Inhibitors: A Review" (2017). Veterinary Science Faculty Publications. 45. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_facpub/45 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary Science at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Veterinary Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Wesley C. Van Voorhis, J. Stone Doggett, Marilyn Parsons, Matthew A. Hulverson, Ryan Choi, Samuel L. M. Arnold, Michael W. Riggs, Andrew Hemphill, Daniel K. Howe, Robert H. Mealey, Audrey O. T. Lau, Ethan A. Merritt, Dustin J. Maly, Erkang Fan, and Kayode K. Ojo Extended-Spectrum Antiprotozoal Bumped Kinase Inhibitors: A Review Notes/Citation Information Published in Experimental Parasitology, v.
  • A New Species of Sarcocystis in the Brain of Two Exotic Birds1

    A New Species of Sarcocystis in the Brain of Two Exotic Birds1

    © Masson, Paris, 1979 Annales de Parasitologie (Paris) 1979, t. 54, n° 4, pp. 393-400 A new species of Sarcocystis in the brain of two exotic birds by P. C. C. GARNHAM, A. J. DUGGAN and R. E. SINDEN * Imperial College Field Station, Ashurst Lodge, Ascot, Berkshire and Wellcome Museum of Medical Science, 183 Euston Road, London N.W.1., England. Summary. Sarcocystis kirmsei sp. nov. is described from the brain of two tropical birds, from Thailand and Panama. Its distinction from Frenkelia is considered in some detail. Résumé. Une espèce nouvelle de Sarcocystis dans le cerveau de deux Oiseaux exotiques. Sarcocystis kirmsei est décrit du cerveau de deux Oiseaux tropicaux de Thaïlande et de Panama. Les critères de distinction entre cette espèce et le genre Frenkelia sont discutés en détail. In 1968, Kirmse (pers. comm.) found a curious parasite in sections of the brain of an unidentified bird which he had been given in Panama. He sent unstained sections to one of us (PCCG) and on examination the parasite was thought to belong to the Toxoplasmatea, either to a species of Sarcocystis or of Frenkelia. A brief description of the infection was made by Tadros (1970) in her thesis for the Ph. D. (London). The slenderness of the cystozoites resembled those of Frenkelia, but the prominent spines on the cyst wall were more like those of Sarcocystis. The distri­ bution of the cystozoites within the cyst is characteristic in that the central portion is practically empty while the outer part consists of numerous pockets of organisms, closely packed together.
  • Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats

    Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats

    Control of Intestinal Protozoa 6 in Dogs and Cats ESCCAP Guideline 06 Second Edition – February 2018 1 ESCCAP Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ, United Kingdom First Edition Published by ESCCAP in August 2011 Second Edition Published in February 2018 © ESCCAP 2018 All rights reserved This publication is made available subject to the condition that any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise is with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. This publication may only be distributed in the covers in which it is first published unless with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-907259-53-1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 1: CONSIDERATION OF PET HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS 5 2: LIFELONG CONTROL OF MAJOR INTESTINAL PROTOZOA 6 2.1 Giardia duodenalis 6 2.2 Feline Tritrichomonas foetus (syn. T. blagburni) 8 2.3 Cystoisospora (syn. Isospora) spp. 9 2.4 Cryptosporidium spp. 11 2.5 Toxoplasma gondii 12 2.6 Neospora caninum 14 2.7 Hammondia spp. 16 2.8 Sarcocystis spp. 17 3: ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF PARASITE TRANSMISSION 18 4: OWNER CONSIDERATIONS IN PREVENTING ZOONOTIC DISEASES 19 5: STAFF, PET OWNER AND COMMUNITY EDUCATION 19 APPENDIX 1 – BACKGROUND 20 APPENDIX 2 – GLOSSARY 21 FIGURES Figure 1: Toxoplasma gondii life cycle 12 Figure 2: Neospora caninum life cycle 14 TABLES Table 1: Characteristics of apicomplexan oocysts found in the faeces of dogs and cats 10 Control of Intestinal Protozoa 6 in Dogs and Cats ESCCAP Guideline 06 Second Edition – February 2018 3 INTRODUCTION A wide range of intestinal protozoa commonly infect dogs and cats throughout Europe; with a few exceptions there seem to be no limitations in geographical distribution.
  • Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Poultry Parasites

    Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Poultry Parasites

    FAO Animal Health Manual No. 4 EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF POULTRY PARASITES Anders Permin Section for Parasitology Institute of Veterinary Microbiology The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen, Denmark Jorgen W. Hansen FAO Animal Production and Health Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-27 ISBN 92-5-104215-2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. C) FAO 1998 PREFACE Poultry products are one of the most important protein sources for man throughout the world and the poultry industry, particularly the commercial production systems have experienced a continuing growth during the last 20-30 years. The traditional extensive rural scavenging systems have not, however seen the same growth and are faced with serious management, nutritional and disease constraints. These include a number of parasites which are widely distributed in developing countries and contributing significantly to the low productivity of backyard flocks.
  • Cyclosporiasis: an Update

    Cyclosporiasis: an Update

    Cyclosporiasis: An Update Cirle Alcantara Warren, MD Corresponding author Epidemiology Cirle Alcantara Warren, MD Cyclosporiasis has been reported in three epidemiologic Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and settings: sporadic cases among local residents in an International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, MR4 Building, Room 3134, Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. endemic area, travelers to or expatriates in an endemic E-mail: [email protected] area, and food- or water-borne outbreaks in a nonendemic Current Infectious Disease Reports 2009, 11:108–112 area. In tropical and subtropical countries (especially Current Medicine Group LLC ISSN 1523-3847 Haiti, Guatemala, Peru, and Nepal) where C. cayetanen- Copyright © 2009 by Current Medicine Group LLC sis infection is endemic, attack rates appear higher in the nonimmune population (ie, travelers, expatriates, and immunocompromised individuals). Cyclosporiasis was a Cyclosporiasis is a food- and water-borne infection leading cause of persistent diarrhea among travelers to that affects healthy and immunocompromised indi- Nepal in spring and summer and continues to be reported viduals. Awareness of the disease has increased, and among travelers in Latin America and Southeast Asia outbreaks continue to be reported among vulnera- [8–10]. Almost half (14/29) the investigated Dutch attend- ble hosts and now among local residents in endemic ees of a scientifi c meeting of microbiologists held in 2001 areas. Advances in molecular techniques have in Indonesia had C. cayetanensis in stool, confi rmed by improved identifi cation of infection, but detecting microscopy and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and food and water contamination remains diffi cult.
  • List of the Pathogens Intended to Be Controlled Under Section 18 B.E

    List of the Pathogens Intended to Be Controlled Under Section 18 B.E

    (Unofficial Translation) NOTIFICATION OF THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH RE: LIST OF THE PATHOGENS INTENDED TO BE CONTROLLED UNDER SECTION 18 B.E. 2561 (2018) By virtue of the provision pursuant to Section 5 paragraph one, Section 6 (1) and Section 18 of Pathogens and Animal Toxins Act, B.E. 2558 (2015), the Minister of Public Health, with the advice of the Pathogens and Animal Toxins Committee, has therefore issued this notification as follows: Clause 1 This notification is called “Notification of the Ministry of Public Health Re: list of the pathogens intended to be controlled under Section 18, B.E. 2561 (2018).” Clause 2 This Notification shall come into force as from the following date of its publication in the Government Gazette. Clause 3 The Notification of Ministry of Public Health Re: list of the pathogens intended to be controlled under Section 18, B.E. 2560 (2017) shall be cancelled. Clause 4 Define the pathogens codes and such codes shall have the following sequences: (1) English alphabets that used for indicating the type of pathogens are as follows: B stands for Bacteria F stands for fungus V stands for Virus P stands for Parasites T stands for Biological substances that are not Prion R stands for Prion (2) Pathogen risk group (3) Number indicating the sequence of each type of pathogens Clause 5 Pathogens intended to be controlled under Section 18, shall proceed as follows: (1) In the case of being the pathogens that are utilized and subjected to other law, such law shall be complied. (2) Apart from (1), the law on pathogens and animal toxin shall be complied.
  • Phylogeny of the Malarial Genus Plasmodium, Derived from Rrna Gene Sequences (Plasmodium Falciparum/Host Switch/Small Subunit Rrna/Human Malaria)

    Phylogeny of the Malarial Genus Plasmodium, Derived from Rrna Gene Sequences (Plasmodium Falciparum/Host Switch/Small Subunit Rrna/Human Malaria)

    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 11373-11377, November 1994 Evolution Phylogeny of the malarial genus Plasmodium, derived from rRNA gene sequences (Plasmodium falciparum/host switch/small subunit rRNA/human malaria) ANANIAS A. ESCALANTE AND FRANCISCO J. AYALA* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717 Contributed by Francisco J. Ayala, August 5, 1994 ABSTRACT Malaria is among mankind's worst scourges, is only remotely related to other Plasmodium species, in- affecting many millions of people, particularly in the tropics. cluding those parasitic to birds and other human parasites, Human malaria is caused by several species of Plasmodium, a such as P. vivax and P. malariae. parasitic protozoan. We analyze the small subunit rRNA gene sequences of 11 Plasmodium species, including three parasitic to humans, to infer their evolutionary relationships. Plasmo- MATERIALS AND METHODS dium falciparum, the most virulent of the human species, is We have investigated the 18S SSU rRNA sequences ofthe 11 closely related to Plasmodium reiehenowi, which is parasitic to Plasmodium species listed in Table 1. This table also gives chimpanzee. The estimated time of divergence of these two the known host and geographical distribution. The sequences Plasmodium species is consistent with the time of divergence are for type A genes, which are expressed during the asexual (6-10 million years ago) between the human and chimpanzee stage of the parasite in the vertebrate host, whereas the SSU lineages. The falkiparun-reichenowi lade is only remotely rRNA type B genes are expressed during the sexual stage in related to two other human parasites, Plasmodium malariae the vector (12).
  • University of Exeter an Epidemiological Study Of

    University of Exeter an Epidemiological Study Of

    University of Exeter An epidemiological study of haemosporidian infections in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tits (Parus major) along an elevation gradient Impact of avian haemosporidian disease in a changing world Volume 1 Submitted by Jessica Lewis to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Masters by Research in Biological Sciences in November 2016. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Contents Glossary of Terms……………………………………………………………………….6-7 Preface Instruction…………………………………………………………………………8 Chapter 1 “Impact of avian haemosporidian disease in a changing world”……………….……………..9 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….…... 9 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………....10 Diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites………………………………………….... 12 Current knowledge of distribution patterns……………………………………………... 14 Life cycle of avian haemosporidian parasites…………………………………..………. 19 Parasite-vector associations…………………………………………………………….. 21 Stages of Infection……………………………………………………………………..…. 23 Fitness costs associated with avian haemosporidian infection……………………… 25 Environmental and climate change effects…………………………………………….. 34 Assessing climate change impacts on avian haemosporidian
  • An Investigation of Leucocytozoon in the Endangered Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes Antipodes)

    An Investigation of Leucocytozoon in the Endangered Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes Antipodes)

    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. An investigation of Leucocytozoon in the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Science at Massey University, Turitea, Palmerston North, New Zealand Andrew Gordon Hill 2008 Abstract Yellow-eyed penguins have suffered major population declines and periodic mass mortality without an established cause. On Stewart Island a high incidence of regional chick mortality was associated with infection by a novel Leucocytozoon sp. The prevalence, structure and molecular characteristics of this leucocytozoon sp. were examined in the 2006-07 breeding season. In 2006-07, 100% of chicks (n=32) on the Anglem coast of Stewart Island died prior to fledging. Neonates showed poor growth and died acutely at approximately 10 days old. Clinical signs in older chicks up to 108 days included anaemia, loss of body condition, subcutaneous ecchymotic haemorrhages and sudden death. Infected adults on Stewart Island showed no clinical signs and were in good body condition, suggesting adequate food availability and a potential reservoir source of ongoing infections. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) survey of blood samples from the South Island, Stewart and Codfish Island found Leucocytozoon infection exclusively on Stewart Island. The prevalence of Leucocytozoon infection in yellow-eyed penguin populations from each island ranged from 0-2.8% (South Island), to 0-21.25% (Codfish Island) and 51.6-97.9% (Stewart Island).
  • Molecular Characterization of Plasmodium Juxtanucleare in Thai Native Fowls Based on Partial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I Gene

    Molecular Characterization of Plasmodium Juxtanucleare in Thai Native Fowls Based on Partial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I Gene

    pISSN 2466-1384 eISSN 2466-1392 Korean J Vet Res (2019) 59(2):69~74 https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2019.59.2.69 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Molecular characterization of Plasmodium juxtanucleare in Thai native fowls based on partial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene Tawatchai Pohuang1,2, Sucheeva Junnu1,2,* 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Abstract: Avian malaria is one of the most important general blood parasites of poultry in Southeast Asia. Plasmodium (P.) juxtanucleare causes avian malaria in wild and domestic fowl. This study aimed to identify and characterize the Plasmodium species infecting in Thai native fowl. Blood samples were collected for microscopic examination, followed by detection of the Plasmodium cox I gene by using PCR. Five of the 10 sampled fowl had the desired 588 base pair amplicons. Sequence analysis of the five amplicons indicated that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences were homologous to each other and were closely related (100% identity) to a P. juxtanucleare strain isolated in Japan (AB250415). Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree of the cox I gene showed that the P. juxtanucleare in this study were grouped together and clustered with the Japan strain. The presence of P. juxtanucleare described in this study is the first report of P. juxtanucleare in the Thai native fowl of Thailand. Keywords: fowl, cytochrome C oxidase subunit I, Plasmodium juxtanucleare Introduction *Corresponding author Avian malaria, caused by Plasmodium spp., is an important blood parasite Sucheeva Junnu disease of poultry because it results in poor meat quality and egg production Department of Veterinary Medicine, [1].
  • Molecular Detection of Eimeria Stiedae in an Angora Rabbit

    Molecular Detection of Eimeria Stiedae in an Angora Rabbit

    Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 2015; 26 (2): 41-44 Case Report / Olgu Sunumu Molecular detection of Eimeria stiedae in an Angora rabbit Armağan Erdem ÜTÜK1, Fatma Çiğdem PİŞKİN2, İbrahim BALKAYA3, Mehmet Çağrı KARAKURUM4 1 Çukurova University, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Adana, Turkey 2 Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Parasitology and Bee Diseases Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey 3 Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erzurum, Turkey 4 Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Burdur, Turkey Geliş Tarihi / Received: 04.09.2015, Kabul Tarihi / Accepted: 16.10.2015 Abstract: Hepatic coccidiosis caused by Eimeria stiedae, results in severe infection, outbreaks and deaths in young rabbits. Disease is diagnosed by time consuming methods like fecal examination, oocyst sporulation and necropsy. The aim of this study was to detect E.stiedae with species specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), without waiting oocyst sporulation and necropsy. Impression smears were prepared from liver nodules and stained with giemsa. Fecal samples were collected from the intestines and examined by centrifugal flotation with salt solution to detectEimeria spp. oocysts. Then oocysts were sporulated in 2.5% (w/v) aqueous potassium dichromate (K2Cr207). Primers specific to E.stiedae were used in PCR reaction. Eimeria spp. oocysts were detected after the examination of impression smears and bowel content. E.stiedae was diagnosed after the measurement of sporulated oocyst and PCR. At the end of the study, we think that; PCR will be very valuable for the rapid and true diagnosis of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. Key words: Angora rabbit, Eimeria stiedae, Molecular detection, Turkey.
  • Short Communications

    Short Communications

    SHORT COMMUNICATIONS J. Parasitol., 104(2), 2018, pp. 168–172 Ó American Society of Parasitologists 2018 First Record of Leucocytozoon (Haemosporida: Leucocytozoidae) in Amazonia: Evidence for Rarity in Neotropical Lowlands or Lack of Sampling for This Parasite Genus? A. Fecchio, P. Silveira*, J. D. Weckstein†, J. H. Dispoto†, M. Ancia˜es‡, M. Bosholn‡, V. V. Tkach§, and J. A. Bell§ Laboratorio´ de Evolu¸ca˜o e Biogeografia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil. Correspondence should be sent to A. Fecchio at: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Birds harbor an astonishing diversity of haemosporidian high diversity of this group as well as the need for further studies parasites belonging to the genera Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon,and using both microscopic examination and molecular analysis. Plasmodium. Currently there are more than 250 morphologically Leucocytozoon is the least studied haemosporidian genus (see described avian haemosporidian species and 2,828 unique lineages Lutz et al., 2015 and Outlaw et al., 2017 for reviews). However, it found in virtually all avian clades and zoogeographic regions, except is quite diverse in some Neotropical communities and reaches its for Antarctica. Our report is based on PCR and microscopic highest prevalence and diversity in the Peruvian and Colombian screening of 1,302 individual avian samples from Brazil to detect the highlands above 2,200 and 3,000 meters of altitude, respectively underrepresented genus Leucocytozoon. This survey primarily (Galen and Witt, 2014; Lotta et al., 2016), or in high latitudes of focuses on passerine birds collected from Amazonia, the Atlantic the Chilean lowlands (Merino et al., 2008). There are currently Rain Forest, and Pantanal.