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Basic Assessment for the Proposed Development of the 325MW Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces BASIC ASSESSMENT PROCESS Basic Assessment for the Proposed Development of the 325MW Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT November 2018 Prepared for: Kudusberg Wind Farm (Pty) Ltd Prepared by: CSIR PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa Tel: +27 21 888 2400 Fax: +27 21 888 2693 Lead Author: Minnelise Levendal Mapping: Surina Laurie (CSIR) © CSIR 2018. All rights to the intellectual property and/or contents of this document remain vested in the CSIR. This document is issued for the sole purpose for which it is supplied. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the express written permission of the CSIR. It may also not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is published. Basic Assessment for the Proposed Development of the 325MW Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces Title: Basic Assessment for the Proposed Development of the 325MW Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces Purpose of this report: Basic Assessment Report for the Proposed Development of the Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces. The purpose of this BA Report is to: • Present the proposed project (including alternatives) and the need for the proposed project; • Describe the legislative context; • Describe the affected environment at a sufficient level of detail to facilitate informed decision-making; • Provide an overview of the BA Process being followed, including public consultation; • Assess the predicted positive and negative impacts of the proposed project on the environment; • Provide recommendations to avoid or mitigate negative impacts and to enhance the positive benefits of the project; • Provide an Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) for the proposed project; and • Meet all requirements as per Appendix 1 of the EIA Regulations (2014), as amended to enable the DEA to issue a decision on the project. This BA Report is being made available to all Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs), Organs of State and stakeholders for a 30-day review period. All comments submitted during the 30-day review of this BA Report will be incorporated into the Final BA Report and responded to in a comments and responses report which will be submitted to the national Department of Environmental Affairs for decision-making. Prepared for: Kudusberg Wind Farm Pty Ltd Prepared by: CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa Tel: +27 21 888 2400 Fax: +27 21 888 2693 Main Author: Minnelise Levendal Mapping: Surina Laurie CSIR Project Number: EMS0152 CSIR Report Number: CSIR/IU/021SE/IR/2018/0006/A Date: November 2018 To be cited as: CSIR, 2018. Basic Assessment for the Proposed Development of the 325MW Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces. CSIR/IU/021SE/IR/2018/0006/A pg 1 Basic Assessment for the Proposed Development of the 325MW Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces SECTION A: INTRODUCTION, PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LEGISLATIVE REVIEW 35 A.1 Introduction 35 A.2 Project overview 36 A.2.1 General overview 36 A.2.2 Project location 37 A.3 Project description 40 A.3.1 Key components of the proposed Kudusberg WEF 40 A.3.1.1 General Description of a Wind Turbine and Wind Turbine Technology 43 A.3.1.2 Associated Infrastructure 45 A.4 Project team 46 A.4.1 Wake loss effect 48 A.4.2 Assumptions and limitations of specialist studies 48 A.5 Site Access and Transportation of Construction material and Wind Turbine Components to Site 57 A.5.1 Site Access 57 A.5.2 Routes for Transportation of Wind Turbine Components to Site 59 A.5.2.1 National Route to Site 59 A.5.2.2 Access to the proposed WEF 61 A.5.3 Transportation of wind turbines to site 63 A.6 Service Provision: Water, Sewage and Waste Requirements 64 A.6.1 Water Usage 64 A.6.2 Sewage or Liquid Effluent 65 A.6.3 Solid Waste Generation 65 A.6.4 Electricity Requirements 65 A.7 Overview of project development cycle 66 A.7.1 Detailed Planning and Design 66 A.7.2 Construction Phase 66 A.7.3 Operational Phase 67 A.7.4 Decommissioning Phase 67 A.8 Applicable legislation 67 A.8.1 Description of the listed activities associated with the proposed project 76 A.9 Description of Alternatives 81 A.9.1 No-go Alternative 81 A.9.2 Land-use Alternatives 83 A.9.3 Technology Alternatives 83 A.9.4 Site Alternatives 90 A.9.5 Alternative locations of the Development Footprint 94 A.9.6 Layout Alternatives 95 pg 2 Basic Assessment for the Proposed Development of the 325MW Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces A.9.7 Project infrastructure alternatives 96 A.9.7.1 Access Roads 96 A.9.7.2 Construction Camps 96 A.9.8 Substations 97 A.10 CONCLUDING STATEMENT OF PREFERRED ALTERNATIVES 99 A.11 Needs and desirability 100 SECTION B: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 113 B.1 Property details 113 B.2 Climatic Conditions 116 B.3 Topography and Landscape 116 B.4 Geology 121 B.5 Land Types and Soil Potential 121 B.6 Agricultural Land capability 122 B.7 Visual character/Landscape 123 B.8 Biodiversity 126 B.8.1 Biodiversity Conservation Importance 126 B.8.1.1 Critical Biodiversity Areas, Ecological Support Areas and Other Natural Areas 126 B.8.1.2 National Protected Areas Expansion Strategy 128 B.8.2 Terrestrial Ecology: Flora 129 B.8.2.1 Groundcover 129 B.8.2.2 Vegetation 129 B.8.2.2.1 Koedoesberge – Moordenaars Karoo (SKv 6) 129 B.8.2.2.2 Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld (FRs 5) 130 B.8.2.3 Checklist and site visits 130 B.8.2.4 Threatened and rare plant species 131 B.8.2.4.1 Threatened species 131 B.8.2.4.2 Not threatened IUCN categories but of Conservation Concern 135 B.8.2.4.3 Not threatened categories recognized by the South African Threatened Species Programme 135 B.8.2.4.4 Northern Cape Nature Conservation Act 2009 (Act No. 9 of 2009) (NCNCA) 135 B.8.2.4.5 Western Cape Nature and Environmental Conservation Ordinance, 1974 (No. 19 of 1974, as amended in 2000) 136 B.8.2.4.6 National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004 (ToPS Lists)136 B.8.2.4.7 Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) classification (2017 lists) 136 B.8.2.4.8 Centre of Endemism 136 B.8.2.4.9 Protected trees (National Forest Act, Act No. 84 of 1998) (NFA 2017) 137 B.8.3 Terrestrial Ecology: Fauna 137 B.8.3.1 Mammals 137 B.8.3.2 Reptiles 138 B.8.3.3 Frogs 138 B.8.3.4 Invertebrates 138 B.8.4 Aquatic Environment 138 B.8.4.1 Aquatic features 138 B.8.4.2 Biodiversity Conservation Importance 141 B.8.4.3 Aquatic Species of Special Concern 146 B.9 Avifauna (Birds) 146 B.9.1 Overview of the region 146 B.9.2 Overview of birds and the Kudusberg Site 147 pg 3 Basic Assessment for the Proposed Development of the 325MW Kudusberg Wind Energy Facility and associated infrastructure, between Matjiesfontein and Sutherland in the Western and Northern Cape Provinces B.9.3 Main results of the field study 148 B.10 Bats 151 B.10.1 Overview of the region 151 B.10.2 Overview of bats and the Kudusberg Site 152 B.10.3 Main results of the field study 153 B.11 Heritage Profile 155 B.11.1 HIA 155 B.11.2 Cultural Landscape 158 B.11.3 Palaeontology 163 B.12 Noise levels in the area 170 B.13 Roads 173 B.14 Socio-Economic Character 173 B.14.1.1 The project area 173 B.14.2 Demographic Profile 175 B.14.2.1 Witzenberg Local Municipality 175 B.14.2.2 Karoo Hoogland Local Municipality 175 B.14.3 Income Levels 177 B.14.4 Education levels 177 B.14.5 Services and Infrastructure 178 B.14.6 Economic Overview 180 B.14.7 Labour Force Composition 182 SECTION C: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 184 C.1 Introduction to the Public Participation Process 184 C.2 Landowner written consent 186 C.3 Advertisement and Site Notice board 188 C.4 Determination of appropriate measures 188 C.5 Approach to the PPP 189 C.5.1 BA Report Phase - Review of the BA Report 189 C.5.2 Compilation of finalised BA Report for Submission to the DEA 190 C.5.3 Environmental Decision-Making 191 C.6 Issues raised by I&APs and comments and response report 191 C.7 Consultation with the DEA (CA) 191 SECTION D: IMPACT ASSESSMENT 192 D.1.1 Approach to the BA: Methodology of the Impact Assessment 192 D.1.2 Assessment of environmental risks and impacts 203 D.1.2.1 Visual 203 D.1.2.1.1 Approach and methodology 204 D.1.2.1.2 Project aspects relevant to visual impacts 207 D.1.2.1.3 Sensitivity of the site in relation to the proposed activity 212 D.1.2.1.3.1 Sensitive visual features 212 D.1.2.1.3.2 Visual Modelling 221 D.1.2.1.4 Visual impacts 228 D.1.2.1.4.1 Impacts Identified for the Construction Phase 228 D.1.2.1.4.2 Impacts Identified