District Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction Plan of East Champaran

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAMENT PLAN OF EAST CHAMPARAN

Volume-II – District Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction Plan of East Champaran

Prepared by: District Disaster Management Authority, East Champaran

In Association with: Bihar State Disaster Management Authority, Patna

Table of Contents Section- II: DISASTER PREVENTION, MITIGATION PREPARDNESS & CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 6 1. Preparedness Plan ...... 7 1.1. General Preparedness Measures; ...... 7 1.2. Pre Disaster Period ...... 8 1.3. Immediate pre disaster ...... 8 1.4. Line Departments Checklist ...... 12 1.4.1. Agriculture Department ...... 12 1.4.2. Animal Husbandry...... 13 1.4.3. Fisheries Department ...... 13 1.4.4. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited ...... 15 1.4.5. Public Works Dept. (PWD) ...... 16 1.4.6. Education Department ...... 16 1.4.7. Electricity Department ...... 17 1.4.8. Fire department ...... 18 1.4.9. Health department ...... 20 1.4.10. Home Guards Department ...... 20 1.4.11. Irrigation ...... 21 1.4.12. Public Health Engineering Department ...... 21 1.4.13. Building Construction Department (PWD) ...... 22 1.4.14. Road Construction Department ...... 22 1.4.15. Social Welfare Department- ICDS ...... 23 1.4.16. District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) ...... 23 1.4.17. Food Corporation of Bihar Limited ...... 24 1.4.18. Municipal Coorporation ...... 25 1.4.19. Water Ways Department ...... 25 1.4.20. District Magistrate Checklist ...... 26 1.4.21. District Emergency Operation Centre Checklist ...... 26 1.4.22. Checklist for Holistic Approach for Disaster Management (Earthquake)27 Section: II Disaster Prevention, Mitigation Preparedness & Capacity Building ... 28 2. Prevention and Mitigation Measures ...... 29 2.1. Hazard wise Structural and Non- Structural Mitigation Measures ...... 29 2.1.1. Hazard: Flood ...... 29 2.1.2. Hazard: Cyclonic Storms ...... 31 2.1.3. Hazard: Earthquake ...... 31 2.1.4. Hazard: Drought ...... 32 3. Disaster Risk Reduction Plan ...... 34 3.1. DRR recommendations ...... 34 3.2. Line Departments: State and National Government Schemes ...... 35 3.3. State Schemes for Disaster Risk Reduction ...... 38 3.4. National Schemes for Disaster Risk Reduction ...... 40 4. Climate Change Actions: ...... 43 4.1. Sector Specific Activities for climate Change ...... 44 4.2. Initiatives to Mitigate Climate Change ...... 47

Section- II: DISASTER PREVENTION, MITIGATION PREPARDNESS & CAPACITY BUILDING

1. Preparedness Plan Preparedness Plan includes checklist for all concerned stakeholders of the district to prepare themselves for effective and efficient disaster response. It helps in preparing district administration, departments and other stakeholders for better coordinated response with available resources. Identification of vulnerable areas, emergency shelter sites, evacuation routes, emergency resources, chains of commands, etc, becomes an important part of preparedness. All of these measures will go a long way to improving the quality, timing and effectiveness of the response to a disaster.

Disaster preparedness planning involves several activities such as identifying organizational resources, determining roles and responsibilities, developing policies and procedures and planning preparedness activities aimed at ensuring timely disaster preparation and effective emergency response. The actual planning process is preliminary in nature and is performed in a state of uncertainty until an actual emergency or disaster occurs.

Preparedness measures towards various disasters certainly help to reduce the risk as well as loss and damage of the life and properties caused by different disasters.

1.1. General Preparedness Measures; 2. Establishment of the Control Rooms: The district administration should ensure the operation of control rooms. The control rooms which are presently run by major line departments at revenue, police, Hospital, etc. at block and district level should be functional. 3. Plan Updation: Disaster Management Plan needs updation at every interval. It includes the skilled manpower, their addresses and contact numbers, necessary equipments, medicinal stock, daily necessities, list of drought prone areas etc. All these things have to be updated after a certain interval of time. 4. Communication System: Training is given for search and rescue teams, first aid teams, disaster management teams at village, block and district level. These teams will provide timely help during any type of disaster. Provision of wireless sets at all Sub-division and CO/BDO for effective communication of cyclone/heavy rainfall/heat waves. Fire Brigades at all the Municipal Offices. Widespread community awareness programmes in drought so that villages are sensitized about the consequences and measures to address drought. 5. Training for Disaster Management Team Members: Each of the DMTs comprise groups of women and men volunteers and are assigned with a specials task The Search and Rescue Teams, First Aid Teams formed at the three levels should be provided training from time to time so that their timely help can be used during disaster. 6. Organization of Mock Drills: Mock drill is an integral part of the Community based disaster management plan, as it is a preparedness drill to keep the community alert. Mock drills are organized in all the villages of the district to activate the DMTs and modification of the DM plan. Mock drill is organized once in six months as per the seasonality calendar of natural disaster events that is likely to occur. 7. Community Awareness on Various Disasters: The widespread community awareness program in most hazard prone villages is required so that villages are sensitized about the hazard and there are no problems when there is need for evacuation. - Construction of Earthquake Resistant Structures - Retrofitting the weak structures - House insurance - Construction of watershed structures - Rehabilitation of people in safe places - Development of plans for shifting people from vulnerable area to safer area - Awareness on Calamity Relief Fund (CRF)

The contingency plan for Disaster Management is based on past experiences as well as according to the instructions given by the ADM of the district. The mitigation strategy has been developed keeping in view the pre, during and post disaster situation. The district is divided into three sub divisions and senior level officers of the district will work as zone officers who will look after the rescue and relief operations and monitor the day to day situation under the direct supervision of the ADM.

The contingency plan for Disaster Management is based on past experiences as well as according to the instructions given by the District Magistrate of the district. The mitigation strategy has been developed keeping in view the pre, during and post disaster situation. The district is divided into three sub divisions and senior level officers of the district will work as zone officers who will look after the rescue and relief operations and monitor the day to day situation under the direct supervision of the District Magistrate.

1.2. Pre Disaster Period Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by Convening District Level To suggest the least of relief District Emergency Operation Committee on natural calamity work to be undertaken, advise Center in the month of July on the precautionary measures to be taken, directions for stocking of food grains in strategic or key points. Identification of vulnerable Repairing of breaches, stocking Senior Deputy collector, Cos, points according to the expected of the sand bags, alerting people BDOs, Executive engineers disaster near highly vulnerable pockets. Identification & Indent of Stocking of food grains and Cos, BDOs, essential commodities for the other essential things in GP inaccessible/scarcity pockets headquarters Selection of Shelters Arrangements for shelter during Additional collectors, Cos, BDOs emergency through PRIs and local people Requirement of medicines, Stocking of medicines and Civil surgeon formation of mobile teams, deputation of personals. identifying epidemic areas Arrangement of food and fodder Stocking of the same for the cattle Organizing Mock drills Awareness generation and District level officers practice 1.3. Immediate pre disaster Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by Receipt of information From IMD/SRC control DEOC room/DEOC Dissemination of information From DEOC to all Cos/BDOs/line DEOC, Head of line depts. ,sub depts. collectors, BDOs, COs Immediate setting and To evacuate vulnerable people Civil defence unit, police operational of control room to identified shelters and logistic personals, armed forces, fire arrangements officers, red-cross team ready round the clock Rescue and with rescue kits which are to be evacuation made available to them through the DEOC Arrangement of free kitchen To provide immediate feeding to BDOs/CDPOs/NGOs the evacuated people Sanitation and medicines To prevent epidemics and Executive engineer of PHED/Civil infections Surgeon Ensuring transportation of relief To ensure that the relief DSO/SDM/BSOs/DTO materials to affected pockets materials reach in time to the affected people Ensuring safety of life and To prevent anti-social activities SP/DSP/Inspector and SI of the belongings affected block/NGOs Ensuring availability of safe To check the onset of epidemics CS/Executive engineers of PHED drinking water, provision of health facilities and minimum sanitation Meeting of field level officers in Better co-ordination DM,DDC at district level and every 24 hours to review the SDM at sub-divisional level situation Collection of information by the Triangular linkage between field, Core group of EOC/Officers of core group of the EOC and daily district and state control room line departments reporting to concerned officers Estimation of number of vehicles To ensure smooth transportation DTO – Light/Medium/Heavy for relief works Arrangement of road To clean the roads, cut the fallen DTO, Executive Engineer, cleaners/power sow and other trees, clear the debris etc. Executive Officer – Nagar essential equipments Panchayat Arrangement of trucks loaded To move to the field immediately DTO with generators after the disaster is over

During Disaster Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by Alertness & Readiness to gear up To rescue the trapped and All the stakeholders in action, immediately after the injured persons disaster Control room functional round To mitigate the effects of the District control room, all line the clock disaster depts., BDOs, Cos Monitoring To review the rescue and relief DM, SDM work Distribution of relief as per To provide food and other SDM, BDOs, COs, NGOs provisions essential commodities for survival

Post Disaster Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by Distribution of relief as per To provide food and other SDM, BDOs, COs, NGOs provisions essential commodities for survival Assessment of Damage To ascertain the exact loss for All line depts., COs, BDOs, reporting to the govt. Executive engineers, Sub Collectors Monitoring the relief operations To maintain uniformity of relief DM,SDM organized by external administration agencies/UN agencies/Red Cross / NGOs /Other States etc. by the dist. Authorities Restoration of communication – For timely and Prompt Executive engineers of Roads & Railways delivery/transportation of relief concerned depts., Military and articles/deployment of rescue paramilitary forces, police teams Restoration of electronic To ensure proper coordination BSNL Technocrats of police communication system linkage signals Immediate arrangement of free To avoid starvation Sub collectors/BDOs/Line kitchen for the effected people depts./PSUs Documentation of the entire For reporting purposes and SDM/BDO event-Written, Audio, Video institutional memory Monitoring To review the relief works and DM/DDC/AC remove the bottlenecks

Standard checklist for Revenue Department: In-charge Officer: District Revenue Officer/ ADM Revenue Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Convene the meetings of District Disaster Management Authority.

2. Update the District Disaster Management Plan Quarterly. 3. Maintain and activate the District and Sub-divisional Control Rooms. 4. Establish communications with all stakeholders for purpose of receiving and sending warning and information exchange through district control room. 5. Establish warning systems between the local to district level and with media. 6. Ensure laying down construction norms for all types of buildings and infrastructure. 7. Ensure identification of safe places for establishment of relief camps and confirming their suitability. 8. Appoint In-charge Officers of Response base. 9. Ensure damage and need assessment through teams formed through concerned departments. 10. Check upon inventory of resources. 11. Ensure capacity building of the community and all departmental staff. 12. Ensure to establish and manage relief camps through life line departments. 13. Call for emergency meeting to take stock of the situation. Develop a strategy and objectives. 14. Check the supplied of food grains through the Public Distribution System. 15. Prepare a list of relief items to be distributed. 16. Seek tenders / quotations for all the relief items and fix the rates and suppliers. 17. Ensure formalising rate contracts- All departments that require hire of manpower and purchase of material during emergencies. 18. Ensuring to create and pre-dominate teams, transport, material and equipment for responding to the disaster incident. 19. Prepare a transportation plan for supply of relief items. 20. Convene meetings of NGOs, Youth Clubs, Self Help Groups, etc. in the district, and assign them specific responsibilities for relief, recovery and rehabilitation. 21. Constitute / activate Village – Level Preparedness Teams with the help of PRIs, local NGOs, and revenue officials. 22. Prepare an evacuation plan for the villages which are marooned / devastated. 23. Prepare a list of transit / temporary shelters, and check upon their suitability for accommodating people. 24. Ensure disposal of dead bodies and carcasses through Police, Medical, NGOs, Public Health and Forest Department. 25. Ensure general cleaning of the entire city area through water and sanitation, Municipal Corporation, Public Health Department, etc. 26. Ensure collation of expense accounts for sanctions and audits. 27. Activation of help lines through police and health departments and district public relations office. 28. Ensure media briefing through DPRO Appoint. 29. Ensure preparation of rehabilitation plan for displaced population through Town and Country Planning, ULBs/PRIs, etc. 30. Ensure disbursal of Compensation. 31. If pre-quake vibrations are felt and if the central agencies advise, prepare for evacuation plan for population from dangerous buildings. 32. Coordinate with Army, Indian Air Force, and Navy for support towards recue, evacuation and relief. 33. Commence functioning of IRS and ESF systems. 34. Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the staff to man their places of duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective departments. 35. Ensure that panic does not occur. 36. Activate all emergency communications. 37. Revenue staff to reconnoiter on ground and send intelligence regarding situation in their areas. 38. Ensure Provision of Nutritional aspects of food for disaster victims.

1.4. Line Departments Checklist 1.4.1. Agriculture Department Sr. No. Key actions Check

1 Have you established a flood and drought warning cell in the department and designated a nodal officer for disaster management. 2 Check the equipments, telephone, wireless etc. are functional and ready. 3 Have you checked functioning of Rainfall measurement centres? 4 Have you establisheda coordination and liaisonwith District and Block Control Rooms, other relevant departments, support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop flood and drought early warning information? 5 Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. 6 Seed and fertilizers stored at safe places? 7 Awareness on the fertilizer management, promoting the bio-fertilizer programme by the soil conservation department. 8 Training in adopting new agriculture practices, farmer's exposure visit to centers of excellence, institutes, training in cropping practices and use of modern technology. 9 Ensuring there is sufficient stock of seeds and other agriculture resources in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. 10 Check and ensure there is sufficient stock of equipments and tools for the repairing of non-functional machines and equipments. 11 Identify the crops which are vulnerable to flood, drought, water logging, pests and developing the alternate cropping system to mitigate the risk of crop destruction. 12 Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. 13 Review mechanism at Block level in order to check whether the work is happening in the right direction 14 Vehicles (Bike) should be provided to BAOs 15 Raise public awareness 16 Establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop flood and drought early warning information. 17 Block agriculture office must provide the technical advisor to the farmers, Regular supply of pesticides and fertilizers from the district to the block and to the Panchayat level. 18 Agriculture office must initiate for the Silt Detention Dams. 19 Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. 20 Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 21 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 22 Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. 23 Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. 24 Ensuring there is sufficient stock of seeds and other agriculture resources in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. 25 Functioning of Rainfall measurement centers to be checked and ensuring there is sufficient stock of equipments and tools for the repairing of non-functional machines and equipments. 26 There must be monitoring and research on the required rainfall for the crops every day, this will help in forecasting the situation of drought. 27 Identifying the crops which are vulnerable to flood, drought, water logging, pests and developing the alternate cropping system to mitigate the risk of crop destruction. 28 Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. 29 Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. 30 Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

1.4.2. Animal Husbandry Sr. No. Key actions Check

1 Establish coordination and liaison with District and Block Control Rooms, other relevant departments, support agencies, community level committees. 2 Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. 3 Check vaccination before the seasonal disasters such as flood to be held regularly. 4 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 5 Check supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them. 6 Arrangement of vehicle for transport of injured animals 7 Identification of the safe place in the Panchayat with the help of community and field staff of the department. 8 Fodder storage at safe places. 9 Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

1.4.3. Fisheries Department Sr. No. Key actions Check 1 Establish coordination and liaison with District and Block Control Rooms, other relevant departments, support agencies, community level committees. 2 Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. 3 Renovation of the fish ponds and ox-bow lakes. 4 Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 5 Ensuring that the protection has been provided to the fish ponds. 6 Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at vulnerable locations for the immediate repairs. 7 Open the fisheries departmental office on block level to understand the ground realities 8 Improve the better functioning among the people. 9 Establish a flood and drought warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 10 Animal Breeding Programme and Vaccination must be done after doing the awareness programmes in the Panchayats since most of the people remain unaware of the schemes, Schemes such as control of FMD, control of liver fluke disease should be done after giving information to the GP's 11 Training and exposure to fish farmers in scientific aquaculture, Renovation of waterbodies through Panchayats, 12 Awareness on marketing for the fish farmers 13 Setting up of model farms in the districts and the exposure visit of the Panchayats so that they gain knowledge 14 Poultry farms and cattle farms should be clean and availability of water and fodder should be throughout the year 15 Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. 16 Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 17 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 18 Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. 19 Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. 20 Vaccination before the seasonal disasters such as flood to be held regularly. 21 Supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them. 22 Identification of the safe place in the Panchayat with the help of community and field staff of the department. 23 Fodder storage at safe places. 24 Ensuring that the protection has been provided to the fish ponds. 25 Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. 26 Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. 27 Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

1.4.4. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Sr. Key actions Check No. 1 Nominate a nodal officer for disaster management. 2 Communication establishment with District and Block control rooms and departmental offices. 3 Have you identified safe areas for installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit during disaster? 4 Standby arrangements for temporary electric supply or generators 5 Have you established Mass Massaging services to update the society on weather forecast and early warning? 6 Sending alert messages during emergencies. 7 Location of equipments, wires at safe places to rectify the technical problems in time. 8 Is the department monitoring the line department's telecom infrastructure regularly? 9 Power backup for the continuation of the uninterrupted telecommunication signals. 10 Keep the equipments, telephone, wireless etc. functional and ready. 11 Establish a flood and drought warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 12 Establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop flood and drought early warning information. 13 Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. 14 Training of departmental staff in DRR knowledge. 15 Identification of safe areas before installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit. 16 Ensuring that the power back up is there for the continuation of the work. 17 Computerization of rural and remote extension offices. 18 Insertion of DRR features in telecom training which is provided by the BSNL. 19 Taking initiative in starting SMS services to update the society on weather forecast. Sending alert messages during emergencies. 20 Location of equipments, wires at safe places to rectify the technical problems in time. 21 The BSNL Company must ensure there is inclusion of DRR features in telecom instruments and services. 22 Functioning of BSNL office from safe building in order to provide the unhindered telecom services to the people. 23 Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. 24 Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 25 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 26 Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. 27 Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific actionplans for the same. 28 Ensure the safety of own building and property. 29 Regular monitoring of the line department's telecom infrastructure. 30 The BSNL Company must ensure that the temporary construction work or retrofitting has been done to the vulnerable buildings. 31 The BSNL department must have the arrangements (vehicles, cables, generator andequipments) to check and rectify the problem. 32 Power backup for the continuation of the uninterrupted telecommunication signals. 33 Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. 34 Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

1.4.5. Public Works Dept. (PWD) Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Communication establishment with District and Block control rooms and departmental 2. An officer to be appointed as nodal officer

3. Arrangement of extra vehicles/ heavy equipments, such as front-end loaders, towing vehicles, earth moving equipments, cranes etc. 4. Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures 5. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. 6. Inspection and emergency repair for roads, road bridges, underwater inspection /piers/concrete and steel work. 7. Identifying the buildings which are vulnerable to flood, earthquake, water logging and developing the plan to avoid any damage to the building. 8. Identification of the safe building (govt.) in the panchayat and block. The safe places must be identified as per the disasters (flood, earthquake). 9. Route strategy for evacuation and relief marked

10. Clearance of blocked roads.

11. Community assistance mobilized for road clearing.

12. All staff informed about the disasters, likely damages and effects.

1.4.6. Education Department Sr. No. Key actions Check

1.4.7. Electricity Department Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Establish a flood and drought warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 2. Establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop flood and drought early warning information. 3. Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Identification and assessment of power generating units at the panchayat level block level and district level. 4. To promote the schemes on non- conventional energy sources. 5. Location of such units away from the water logging areas. 6. Installation of bio gas units or wind mill at safe places in the villages. 7. Taking measures to check the soil erosion and water logging when laying canal for the purpose of electricity generation. 8. The department must identify the power units which are located in disaster prone areas and arrange proper route connectivity for relief, emergency logistic and also provide alternate connectivity to reduce damage. 9. Based on latest or previous emergency or crisis experience the department should freeman outline of future action plan including disaster risk reduction preventive measurements. 10. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. 11. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 12. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 13. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. 14. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. 15. Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. 16. Also there is availability of preventive measures. 17. Availability of vehicle to transport the electric equipments. 18. The executive engineer must ensure the temporary construction work has taken place before the disaster forecast (flood, storm etc). 19. Ensuring the availability of equipments like cables, wire, transformers, generators etc. at key locations. 20. Identifying the power units which are vulnerable to flood, earthquake, water logging and developing the plan to avoid any damage to the building. 21. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. 22. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. 23. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. 1.4.8. Fire department Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Fire department should have their own workshop for the repair of the vehicles

2. Road Construction Department should specifically tell Fire Department about the road diversions and maintenance of the roads before head 3. Computers should be given to the Department for maintaining the records

4. Staff should be provided with proper quarters and personal space to stay

5. Ambulance Siren should be different from Fire Bridged Siren.

6. Establish a fire warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 7. Establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop early warning information. 8. Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination.

9. Assess the vulnerable points in the infrastructure, especially hazardous industries and take measures like timely repairs etc. 10. Maintenance of firefighting equipments etc and installation of fire alarm and water pumps like hydraulic, sprinkler etc. 11. Scope the budget for the maintenance of firefighting equipments and structural measures etc under different categories. 12. Protect the life and property from fire break and other disasters like flood.

13. Promotion of fire safety standards

14. Organising awareness and training

15. Ensure to install fire safety measures like fire alarm, hydraulic pump, sprinkler etc. 16. Ensure that the fire fighters are equipped with effective and modernized weapons, safety measures like fire proof gloves and suits etc. 17. Train the fire fighters to tackle during CBRN and other disaster specifically.

18. Identify the vulnerable areas, buildings etc and make an action plan to reduce its risk. 19. Assess the risk vulnerability of the areas and promote fire safety measures according to the need. 20. Conduct regular mock drill, training and awareness camp on fire safety measures and DRR to the fire fighters and among the masses. 21. Define standards to measure departments' performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 22. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 23. Ensure to keep the force alert and sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response 24. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. 25. Identify the most vulnerable areas to fire and other disasters and create awareness and training among the people on fire safety measures, prepare the force for emergency search and rescue operation. 26. Implementation of fire safety measures in the private, government and own buildings and establishments. 27. Provide regular training in primary health care and in evacuation, search and rescue to the fire brigades to make them alert. 28. Periodically inspect the vulnerable areas like hazardous chemical and other industries. 29. Stockpile and preposition sufficient number of firefighting equipments and vehicles to combat any emergency. 30. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. 31. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready.

32. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. 33. To involve in disaster management activity, identify the voluntary workers from NGOs, Educational institutions and provide them training.

1.4.9. Health department Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Ownership of work

2. Sensitivity towards people (those who give the resources whom they have to give it) 3. Establish a flood and drought warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 4. Establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies, especially to develop flood and drought early warning information. 5. Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination.

6. Ensure effective integration of health concerns with determinants of health like sanitation& hygiene, nutrition, and safe drinking water through the district health plan. 7. Prepare and Implement inter-sectoral District Health Plan including drinking water, sanitation& hygiene and nutrition. 8. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 9. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 10. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response.

1.4.10. Home Guards Department Sr. No. Key actions Check 1. District based training centre for the training of the solders

2. Proper toilets should be provided

3. Government Quarters should be provided to the staff

4. Garage for the Vehicles of Home Guard Departments

5. There should be arrangement of proper mess for the preparation of food

1.4.11. Irrigation Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Improve in the field of more tube well facilities to the people so that people total dependence on the monsoon should reduce.

1.4.12. Public Health Engineering Department Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Floods in this district are really need to be taken care of at the same time we also need to look upon the poverty and illiteracy which is prevailing in this District. Establish the flood and drought warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 2. Establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop flood and drought early warning information. 3. Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. 4. Establish mechanisms for the delivery of safe drinking water, halogen tablets, and bleaching powder in the relief camps/shelters in disaster probable areas. 5. Establish a contingency fund in the department. 6. The Department must try to construct hazard specific sanitation so that the available services can be utilized in a proper manner. 7. Identification of suitable land for solid waste management and awareness in the community on this subject. 8. Most of the diseases during the emergency are water born vector diseases, keeping community health and hygiene could only be possible through safe drinking water supply and eco-friendly sanitation facility. 9. The department must also stress for the provision for management of issues like disposal of solid/liquid waste. 10. Raise prior awareness amongst the community about how to treat water sources, using chlorine tablets, store safe water etc. 11. Construction of toilets and installing hand pumps or other water resource structure 12. Sanitation facility. 13. Design and implementation of solid waste disposal program. 14. Identification of safe solid waste management sites. 15. Take measures to reduce erosion risks. 16. Assess disaster risks due to any new construction or maintenance activity. 17. Protection of embankments of the ponds and rivers. 18. The hand pumps should be installed on raised platforms. 19. The toilet should be constructed on elevated grounds or raised platform. 20. While construction of sanitary facility or hand pumps the PHED should also keep genders and disabled community in their technical operation. 21. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. 22. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 23. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 24. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. 25. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. 26. Identify disaster affected areas in the district and install/repair sufficient number of hand pumps to ensure regular supply of pure drinking water among the community. 27. Measures to protect the solid waste management sites. 28. Review the stock of hand pump repair tool kits and bleaching powder at every quarter and ensure prepositioning of sufficient stock in the department. 29. Promote usage of low cost sanitary toilets in the disaster affected areas in the district. 30. Preposition sufficient stock of hand pump and low cost sanitary toilet models to be distributed and used in the relief camps and shelters. 31. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. 32. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready.

33. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this, placement of the items at safe places.

1.4.13. Building Construction Department (PWD) Sr. No. Key actions Check 1. Look for the areas which get water inundated, flood affected most of the time. There is a need to make those area infrastructural stronger. 2. Staff should be increased, specially Technical staff.

1.4.14. Road Construction Department Sr. No. Key actions Check 1 Obtain more technical staff 2 Improve the work of the contractors

1.4.15. Social Welfare Department- ICDS Sr. No. Key actions Check

1 Structure should be made stronger for the anganwadi centres 2 Try to make reach easy specially during disasters, like Flood.

1.4.16. District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) Sr. Key actions Check No. 1 More staff against the created post 2 Computer literacy should be incorporated in the department. 3 Establish a flood and drought warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 4 Establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop flood and drought early warning information. 5 Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. 6 The DoRD should prioritize area of development with the area of interest. Under the MNAREGA work, embankment must be reinforced, sustainable and resistive plantation and periodically siltation dug out and settlement. 7 The use of flood and earthquake resistant techniques/ structures in the construction of roads, community centre, rural building etc. 8 Initiation for the Silt Detention Dams under different programmes. 9 Guidance and helping the DM committees in developing the disaster management plan. 10 Capacity building of community in the rural areas regarding DRR. 11 Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. 12 Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 13 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 14 Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. 15 Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. 16 Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material is available in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. 17 Temporary construction work or retrofitting to the vulnerable buildings. 18 Plantation, repairing of drainage system, small canals, embankments etc. 19 Protection of the ponds and water bodies. 20 Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. 21 Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. 22 Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. 23 Rather taking staff on daily wages, staff should be taken as a permanent staff. 24 In DRDA, staff don't get a lot allowance which other staffs gets, this should also be taken care of. 1.4.17. Food Corporation of Bihar Limited Sr. No. Key actions Check

1 Establish a flood and drought warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 2 Coordinate with the Supply Department in establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop flood and drought early warning information. 3 Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination 4 Ensure that food supplies are safe from any adulteration and any sort of intended poisoning or damage. 5 Ensure that the expired gas cylinders are replaced from the system. 6 Coordinate with Supply Department to ensure that all safety measures are in place for proper storage, transportation and distribution of supplies. 7 Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 8 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 9 Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. 10 Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. 11 Coordinate with the Supply Department to ensure enough food and other necessary supplies are available in disaster prone areas. 12 Ensure availability of at-least one spacious go down in each block to keep enough food and necessary supplies. 13 Ensure that enough food stock is available in the PDS shops in each Panchayat, and that the stock can be used in emergency situations also. 14 Coordinate with Supply Department and Transport Department to ensure enough vehicles are available during the disaster time for transport of food materials. This arrangement can be done in advance. 15 In Coordination with Supply Department prepare action plan for emergency transportation and distribution of food supplies. 16 Prepare action plan for adequate safety (and relocation if required) of food materials stored in the god owns in case of flood or other disasters. 17 Keep the equipment’s, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. 18 Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. 1.4.18. Municipal Coorporation Sr. No. Key actions Check

1 Have a proper solid water management 2 Have a Proper Drainage Sytem 3 Construct Wider Roads 4 clean drinking water 1.4.19. Water Ways Department Sr. Key actions Check No. 1 Develop new ideas for erosion control 2 Increase staff 3 Establish a flood and drought warning cell in the department and a nodal officer for disaster management. 4 Establish coordination and liaison with other relevant departments, ESF nodal and support agencies, community level committees, other districts, state and national agencies especially to develop flood and drought early warning information. 5 Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination 6 Assess the vulnerable points in the infrastructure, especially embankments and take measures like timely repairs etc. 7 Maintenance of sluice gates etc. and construction of channels for distributing river waters to ponds. 8 Scope the budget for the maintenance of embankments, sluice gates, lock gates etc. under different categories. 9 Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. 10 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. 11 Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. 12 Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. 13 Periodically inspect the embankments for cracks, holes and other potential wear and tear. 14 Stockpile and preposition sufficient number of sandbags to repair the cracks in the embankments. 15 Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. 16 Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready 17 Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

1.4.20. District Magistrate Checklist S. Activity Check No. 1. District Magistrate shall ensure that preparedness checklist is duly followed by each front line department and status of the same is discussed in monthly meetings. 2. District Magistrate shall ensure that each department is prepared to meet the challenges of any emergency/ disaster by duly following the preparedness checklists. 3. 1. District Magistrate shall ensure quarterly updation of District Disaster Management Plan and its Resource Inventory by: a. Adding to it any changes in the human resources along with their updated contact numbers, if any. b. Adding to the equipment list, relevant resources for response activities from both the government and private sector. 4. District Magistrate shall ensure about requisition of any relevant resource/equipment, not available with the Government and/or private sector, for disaster management activity. 5. District Magistrate shall ensure conducting of regular meetings of members of District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). 6. District Magistrate/District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), shall ensure the establishment of well-equipped District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC). 7. District Magistrate shall ensure enforcement of the codes, bylaws and act such as National Building Code, Bureau of Indian Standards, etc in the upcoming development projects and construction works.

1.4.21. District Emergency Operation Centre Checklist S. No. Activity Check 1. Availability of vehicle at EOC. 2. Proper space for Planning and Logistics Section Chief and staff. 3. Proper space for control room with adequate communication equipments including landline telephones, mobile phones, satellite phones, walkie- talkie, ham radio, computer/ laptop with printer facility, email facility, fax machine, television, etc. 4. Ensure power backup facilities along with availability of generator set. 5. Ensure proper space for meeting, conference, media briefing along with LCD, computer and video conferencing facilities. 6. Availability of District Disaster Management Resource Inventory in the district and also of the neighboring districts, Disaster Management Resource Inventory of the state and also of critical national resources. 7. Availability of Hazard Seasonality Map of the district 8. Availability of District Disaster Management Plan 9. Availability of list as well as of all the roads and important infrastructures. 10. Availability of list as well as map of safe shelters. 11. Availability of contact numbers of all concerned including Emergency Contact Numbers, State and National Authorities, NDRF, Nodal Officers and media. 12. Ensure proper documentation of all incidents

1.4.22. Checklist for Holistic Approach for Disaster Management (Earthquake) S. Activity Check No. 1. Capacity -building for specialized earthquake search and rescue: procuring modern equipment, identifying full-time and part-time personnel and providing training. 2. Development of specialized training facilities for emergency medical management and search and rescue capability. 3. Installation or review of seismic instruments for a system of continuous monitoring 4. Upgrade of control rooms, particularly at the district and block levels. 5. Systematic training programme on the latest ideas and technologies in disaster management targeting government departments, public sector organizations and NGOs. 6. Inclusion of seismic engineering in the syllabus of graduate courses and also that of polytechnics. 7. Regular programmes for the training of engineers and masons to ensure that constructions follow disaster-resistant standards. 8. Special attention and initiatives to develop community awareness, capability and preparedness. 9. Law enforcement to ensure that key buildings such as schools and hospitals conform to the relevant building codes. ” In order to systematically coordinate response functions and ensure timely provision of the services and material in all the affected areas, the resources available with the NGOs and what can be mobilised by them will have to be outlined in the DM plan as a preparedness measure.”

List of NGOs

Sr. NGO Contact Address and Sector of Resources available No. Person Contact No. Intervention Staff Volunteers Equipments 1 2 3 4 5 6

Section: II Disaster Prevention, Mitigation Preparedness & Capacity Building 2. Prevention and Mitigation Measures For disaster prevention and mitigation, both structural and non-structural interventions can be planned. Structural interventions include construction of physical engineering and non-engineering structures to reduce hazard risks. Non-structural mitigation includes awareness and capacity building at official and community level, formulation of new plans and overall promoting a commitment for safety

Mitigation measures can be divided in two categories:

1) Structural measures: On site works, construction, and engineering works and 2) Non-structural measures: Which include studies, research, regulations, policy changes and capacity building activities that support the structural measures.

The disaster management plan includes hazard specific structural and non-structural mitigation plans in consultation and convergence with various Departments. For example, the MGNREGA work can take up activities on construction of embankment for flood safety or the DRDA may take up bamboo plantation in the erosion prone areas, while the water supply department can construct hand pumps on raised platforms. Departments shall draw out its own plan, goals and milestones and review it annually for its achievements and planning for next year. Mitigation, preparedness and prevention actions are to be taken before a disaster to reduce the likelihood of a disaster (risk reduction) or the level of damage (vulnerability reduction) expected from a possible disaster. Vulnerability reduction is given priority over a risk reduction. The district can avail itself of four mechanisms (singularly or together) to reduce risk and vulnerability;

 Long term planning for mitigation, preparedness and prevention investments in the district,  Enforcement of regulations, particularly building and safety codes and land use plans,  Review and evaluation of development plans and activities to identify ways to reduce risks and vulnerability, and,  Capacity building, including warning, the provision of relief and recovery assistance and community-level identification of risk and vulnerability

The Magistrate, assisted by the District Development commissioner, is responsible for developing plans and activities to effect mitigation, preparedness and prevention using the mechanism noted above. Base on the interim assessment of risk and vulnerabilities, the District will focus on the following areas for mitigation, preparedness and prevention;

 Resilience of lifeline systems (water, power and communications)  Reduction in disaster impact on health care facilities, schools and roads  Vulnerability reduction in flood-prone areas  Vulnerability reduction to high winds  Improvement of Off-site Preparedness near Industrial sites.

2.1. Hazard wise Structural and Non- Structural Mitigation Measures

2.1.1. Hazard: Flood

Structural Mitigation Measures for Flood Probable Mitigation Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures Departments Scheme/ Program Desalting and Irrigation and Rural Departmental program Regularly deepening of water Development, GLDC & MGNREGS, channel Construction of Rural Development, Departmental program 0 to 5 years embankments/ Forest & MGNREGS, protection wall watershed, Integrated coastal zone management programme Departmental program Rural Development, Departmental program Regularly & MGNREGS, R&B department & MGNREGS watershed, Integrated coastal zone management programme Repair and Irrigation department Departmental or 0-1 years maintenance of Flood Concern Municipality special plan Channels, canals, natural drainage, storm water lines Construction of Safe R&B , DRDA and NCRMP Regularly Shelters (new District Panchayat construction through Indira Awas, Sardar Awas and Ambedkar Awas) Protection wall and Forest and Rural Department schemes, 0-6 months bamboo and vegetative development, MGNREGS, IWMP cover against river Agriculture department level intrusion and land erosion Desalting of water Irrigation, Rural MGNREGA and Land Regularly bodies like river and Development Development ponds

Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Flood Probable Mitigation Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures Departments Scheme/ Program Safety audit of existing Education department, IAY, Sardar Awas and Regularly and proposed housing health department, other rural housing stock in risk prone PWD, Rural schemes, SSA areas development Promotion of DDMA, DRDA, Training and capacity Regularly Traditional, local and Panchayat, Sports and building plan for innovative practices youth, SHGs and youth disaster management like bamboo/plastic groups, NGOs At all level bottle rafts etc, clean Volunteers city green city Capacity building of DDMA Training and capacity Regularly volunteers and building plan for technicians disaster management At all level Awareness generation Veterinary officer, rural Departmental Scheme Regularly on health and safety of development livestock

2.1.2. Hazard: Cyclonic Storms

Structural Mitigation Measures for Cyclonic Storms Probable Mitigation Identified Location Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures s and Villages Departments Scheme/ Program Plantations (Refer Hazard Agriculture, Departmental Every year (bamboos/ vetiver mapping in HVCA DRDA, schemes, grass) and Shelter report) Panchayat MGNREGA Belt on the river belt Identification and R & B, PWD, Departmental Every year repair/ retrofitting Education, Scheme, SSA of houses and Health, DRDA buildings unsafe (District for cyclone Panchayat)

Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Cyclone Probable Mitigation Identified Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures Location s and Departments Scheme/ Program Villages Strengthening of Early (Refer Hazard DDMA, NIC District Regularly warning mechanisms mapping in HVCA administration Line report) department Training and awareness DDMA DDMA, DDMP, Regularly generation for use of SDMP,BSDMA,DMD safety Bihar jackets/rings/buoys/rope etc for fisher folks Awareness regarding DDMA DDMA, DDMP, Regularly hazard SDMP,BSDMA,DMD Bihar Regulate and issue R & B DDMA, Regularly orders for poor quality Department, Municipality, CDP hoardings/buildings or Municipality any other objects

2.1.3. Hazard: Earthquake Structural Mitigation Measures for Earthquake Probable Mitigation Identified Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures Location s Departments Scheme/ Program and Villages Retrofitting (if (Refer R & B (State and DDMP, SSA Regularly required) of public Hazard Panchayat), utility buildings like mapping in education SSA offices, schools/ HVCA DDC,DRDA banks/ markets etc. report) department Retrofitting of unsafe DDMA, DRDA, PWD Rural housing Regularly rural houses State and schemes and panchayat departmental programs Identifying and safely PWD departmental Regularly dismantling unsafe programs structures Issue permission for DDMA, Municipality DDMP, CDMP Regularly Earthquake registrant

Non Structural Mitigation Measures for Earthquake Probable Mitigation Identified Implementing Convergence Time Frame Measures Location s and Departments with Scheme/ Villages Program Capacity building of (Refer Hazard DDMA, DRDA R & B (State and Regularly architects, engineers mapping in HVCA Panchayat) DDMA and masons on report) earthquake resistant features Registration of trained R & B (State Regularly and certified mason and Panchayat), DDMA Strict enforcement of DDC, DDMA, Rural housing Regularly guideline pertaining to COs, BDOs, Fire schemes seismic safety for and emergency government rural services housing, urban development structure Mock-drills for DDMA, Health, SSA, NSSP DDMP Regularly Schools, Hospitals and Education and and other , Public Buildings and PWD developmental trainings for mason, schemes engineers and architects

2.1.4. Hazard: Drought

Structural Mitigation Measures for Drought Probable Mitigation Identified Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures Location s and Departments Scheme/ Program Villages Development of (Refer Hazard DDMA, DRDA Departmental 0-3 years Pasture land in mapping in HVCA Rural Scheme, common property, report) Development, MGNREGA seed farms and trust Panchayat land Rain Water Harvesting DDMA, DRDA, MGNREGA, NRLM 0-3 years storage tanks at BRLM household level and public buildings Structures for water PWD, DDC, MGNREGA 0-3 years harvesting and Rural ,Watershed recharging like wells, development, program, ponds, check dams, irrigation departmental farm ponds, etc department, schemes water resource Development of DDMA, DDMP, Regularly fodder plots/banks Agriculture Development plan department , animal husbandry department Repair and Irrigation, MGNREGA, 0-3 years maintenance, de- Rural Watershed silting of water Development, sources, check dams, water hand pumps etc. resources

Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Drought Probable Mitigation Identified Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures Location s and Departments Scheme/ Program Villages Listing/developing (Refer Hazard Rural MGNREGS Regularly shelf of work for mapping in HVCA Development, drought report) DDMA proofing/scarcity works including Identification of potential sites of water bodies Farmer education to Agriculture & Departmental Regularly practice drought horticulture schemes resistant crops and department efficient water use Set up control Panchayats Regularly mechanism for regulated water use (ponds, small dams, check dams) on the early unset.

3. Disaster Risk Reduction Plan The Disaster Risk Reduction Plan (DRR) of East Champaran is comprised of activities and measures that, if performed, support the district towards reducing the risks of disasters including those associated to changes in the weather pattern – or, in other words, climate-induced hazards. This plan was prepared based on consultations conducted with key line departments and on field assessment performed in vulnerable villages; thus the recommendations herein presented were built upon the gaps observed in the process of disaster management in East Champaran. Additionally, the plan also lists major developmental programmes and schemes that can be seized up for DRR and disaster recovery within the district. The DRR Plan is related to a long-term strategy as it links disaster management with development and requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders for its effectiveness.

3.1. DRR recommendations The Gap Analysis presented in the HVCA reveals the main bottlenecks within the district when it comes to disaster risk reduction. The recommendations presented below were mainly developed based on the results of the gap analysis.

1) District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC) is not available in East Champaran, though there is a Flood Control Room active from June to October yearly. In view of this, one of the measures to be undertaken by the DDMA towards DRR is the establishment of a DEOC of excellence. 2) The District Crisis Management Group (DCMG) is not formally organized at district level in East Champaran. It is recommended that the CMG be created and their members get training on disaster response mechanisms and equipment, Incident Command System, First Information Report, Loss and Damage Assessment, etc. 3) A record with the stakeholders for disaster response is not readily available within the district administration. This is a critical element when it comes to preparedness; therefore, it is strongly recommended that the district administration fills the following table for quick reference. Additionally, a conference may be held with these stakeholders in order to improve the coordination mechanism between them. Organizati Sector of Contact Address Resources available on intervention Person and Contact No Staff Voluntee Equipmen r t

4) There is no early warning systematized within the district as most warnings are given only by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and other central institutes/organizations. In this regard, the district administration should revise the mechanism currently adopted for early warning and improve it accordingly to ensure that every concerned stakeholder is included and communicated in a timely manner. 5) As for the community early warning system, it is recommended that the district adopt a mass voice message mechanism so to easily and quickly spread the warning to the concern communities as per the block-wise hazards assessment. 6) Many line departments obtain the resources they require under the private contractors scheme, which present various benefits (e.g. the maintenance does not have to be performed by the local administration itself). On the other hand, this scheme should be closely monitored and evaluated from time to time to identify if any area requires improvement so to ensure that it meets the needs of the line departments. 7) Human resources are less in many departments. Besides that, a schedule for department-wise trainings about disaster management should be set every six months to ensure skilled a workforce. Accordingly, Mock-Drills and Emergency Management Exercise have to be planned and conducted in a regular basis (please refer to the General Plan). 8) Key buildings requiring retrofit or repair were identified throughout East Champaran. Following is a summary of the findings to guide further measures by the district. For detailed explanation, one may refer to the School Safety and Hospital Safety Audits, as well as the Office Disaster Management Plan. Sr. No. Buildings Main concerns

1 Collectorate No fire safety measures, earthquake protection. 2 Schools Basic infrastructure of government building is very poor, no fire safety protection. 3 Hospitals No fire safety measures. 4 Police Station No fire safety measures.

3.2. Line Departments: State and National Government Schemes Following are the schemes reported by the line departments to be in use in East Champaran. The list is presented in a department-wise manner and contains, besides the department itself, the scheme, its benefits, and eligibility criteria

S. Scheme Actions Eligibility Department No. 1 Chief Ministers' Distribution of Foundation seed of Block Agricultural Officer Agriculture Crash Seed selected crops in small packets in selects the beneficiary and Department Programme half the cost to the two farmers assists farmers in seed selected from each village for each production selected crop 2 Beej Gram Yojana Desirous farmers of selected Block Agricultural Officer Agriculture villages are given foundation seed selects the villages for the Department at half the cost, Seed storage bins yojana and assists farmers in of 5 qtls capacity gien on subsidy seed production 3 Harit Kranti Yojana - - Agriculture Department 4 Jaivik Kheti - - Agriculture Protsahan Yojana Department 5 NMOOP Yojana - - Agriculture Department 6 Diesel Anudaan - - Agriculture Vitaran Department 7 Repair and Min. Three Class rooms – Rs.5000 School building should be 3 or Education Maintenance Grant Four to Five Class rooms – more than 3 years old with at Department Rs.10000 least 3 class rooms/rooms Six and more Class rooms – Rs.15000

8 Vidhyalaya Siksha Primary – Rs.5000 All School get this Grant per Education Samiti (VSS) Grant Upper Primary – Rs.7500 year Department 9 Fish Farmer • Training of fish farmers in • Land possession Fisheries Training Scheme different institutions/colleges of Certificate (LPC) signed by CO Department ICAR outside the state • There should not be • Six days state-level training any previous loans in Patna for fish farmers • Ten day-training of fish farmers in all the district headquarters of the state • 100% subsidy 10 Fish Seed • 50% subsidy • Trained in fisheries Fisheries Distribution on • Fish farmers have max. Department Subsidy Scheme 1 hectare pond land and in group 2 hectare pond land is required 11 Wetland • On the investment of 3.88 • All the important Fisheries Development Lakh per Hectare, a subsidy of documents related to Department Scheme 50% ownership of the land should • Remaining amount either be attached by self or by bank loan 12 National a) Construction of Fish Seed Fisheries Agriculture Hatchery Department Development • Minimum 8-10 million fish Scheme fry yearly production capacity Hatchery construction in Rs.15 lakh • 50% subsidies will be given • Remaining amount either by self or by bank loan *construction in minimum 3 Hectare

b) Construction of New Ponds • Unit cost 6.972 Lakhs per Hectare • 50% Subsidy • Remaining amount either by self or by bank loan

c) Installation of Tubewells and Pump sets Scheme • Minimum one Acre government/private ponds • Tubewell unit cost will be Rs.50,000 and Pump set unit cost will be Rs.25,000 • 50% Subsidy • Remaining amount either by self or by bank loan 13 Group accident • Death or permanently • Active member of Fisheries Insurance Scheme handicapped, then the family will Fisherman Cooperative Society Department get Rs.2.00 lakh, if temporarily • Age limit 18 to 70 handicapped, then Rs.1.00 lakh years and hospital expenses Rs.10.00 thousand estimated • 100% Subsidy 14 Special Schemes a)Construction of Nursery Pond • Caste and Income Fisheries for SC and ST • Construction in 50 decible certificate Department area • Unit cost Rs.1.51 lakh • 90% Subsidy

b) Installation of Tubewell and Pump sets • Tubewell unit cost Rs.50,000 and pump set unit cost Rs.25,000 • 90% subsidy

c) Training • 10 days Technical Fisheries training in District Headquarters for ST community people • 100% subsidy 15 Rogi Kalyan Samiti 75000 to 500000 Any infrastructural loss Health (RKS) – Hospital occurred from PHCs to District Department Maintainance Hospital 16 Renovation of Tubewells are given to the farmers Old tube well should be Irrigation Minor Irrigation present in order to get Department replaced 17 Hand Pump 112 Pumps (procurement of Flood affected blocks Public Health Scheme material is done and agencies are (Sahebganj and Paru) Engineering fixed for this year) Department 18 World Bank Pure water supply Habitations, villages, Public Health panchayats, gram sagha Engineering Department 19 Repair and 7.5 Rs./ Sq. ft. (Plinth area rate) Every Year Building Maintenance Construction Scheme Department (Pwd) Department 20 Sam Vikas Yojana Estimated amount for the Whenever required Building construction of New Building Construction Department (Pwd) Department 21 OPRMC (Road For the next five year after the It is for the five year. E- Road Maintenance approval of the contractor - Tender process has been Construction Contract) contractor needs to take care of all followed. Department the roads which are under Road Construction Department, even during the time of any disaster, and has to be ready on field whenever required. 22 FDR (Flood Government gives the fund on the Flood inundated roads or Road Damage Report) basis of estimated lost due to damaged road due to water. Construction Scheme disasters (e.g. flood). Department 23 MGNREGA All the rural areas which are The land should be District Rural hazard-prone are allotted money government land where Development for constructing small shelters for construction is going to Agency the villagers. According to happen, if not, then the owner requirements, estimate has been should be ready to give the prepared and then technical and land to Bihar Government administrative sanctions are done without any compensation. and money is allotted for construction for the one financial year. 24 Gramin Punnar All the rural area where ponds etc Person should be under BPL District Rural Uthhan Scheme are made for the fisheries category or has land less than Development linked with production, poultry production and 1 acre. Agency MGNREGA production of forest products. According to requirements, estimates have been prepared and then technical and administrative sanctions are done and money is allotted for construction for the one financial year. 25 Indra Awas Yojana Rs. 70000 per house hold Person should be under BPL District Rural category or if people are Development affected by any disaster or by Agency Kalazar, then the APL households can also avail the benefits 26 Waste Estimated Amount It is given every year to each Municipal Management Fund Municipal Cooperation Corporation

27 DFID Two JCBs are provided by - Municipal government in 2013 Corporation

28 Anti-Erosion Estimate has been given every year Erosion affected area Waterways Scheme for funds development Department

3.3. State Schemes for Disaster Risk Reduction Sr. Name of the Actions DRR Activities for DRR No. schemes 1. Mukhya Mantri Good all-weather road - Useful in pre as - Construction of all- Gram Sadak connectivity to well as post weather roads in Yojna (MMGSY) unconnected villages disaster situation remote areas for road connectivity 2. Mukhya Mantri The scheme extends - Livelihood - Livelihood generation Nihshaktjan loans for self- generation Swarojgar Yojana employment to persons with disabilities. 3. Flood Protection Construction and - Important in flood - Construction and Works repair of river and prone areas to strengthening of river canal embankments, minimise flood and canal Construction, risk embankments extension and - Anti-Erosion work repairing of canals - Village protection and Providing storm work water drainage system 4. Foot and Mouth To prevent, control - To prevent animal - Organise HS BQ Disease Control and contain Foot and epidemics (Hemorrhagic Programme Mouth Disease Septicemia and Black Quarter Combined) vaccination drives 5. Samarthya The scheme aims at - Provision of aids - Providing aids and Scheme physical, social, and appliances appliances such as economic and such as tricycles, tricycles, hearing aid, psychological hearing aid, calipers etc. to rehabilitation of calipers etc. vulnerable and Persons with disaster affected disabilities. population. 6. Assistance to To assist the needy - Provision of - Providing of Disabled Persons disabled persons in assistance to the assistance to the for procuring durable, needy disabled needy disabled Purchase/Fitting sophisticated and persons in persons in procuring of Aids and scientifically procuring durable, durable, sophisticated Appliances (ADIP manufactured, sophisticated and and scientifically Scheme) modern, standard aids scientifically manufactured, and appliances that manufactured, modern, standard aids can promote their modern, standard and appliances physical, social and aids and psychological appliances rehabilitation, by reducing the effects of disabilities and enhance their economic potential. 7. Janani Evam Bal Reduce maternal and - To provide better - Provide assistance to Suraksha Yojana neo-natal mortality by health care disaster affected promoting institutional facilities families deliveries 8. National Vector- Prevention and control - To prevent - Organise community borne Disease of vector borne epidemic awareness Control diseases i.e. Malaria, programmes and Programme Dengue, Lymphatic vaccination drives Filariasis, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis and Chikungunya

3.4. National Schemes for Disaster Risk Reduction Sr. Name of the Actions DRR Activities for DRR No. schemes 1. Member of Each MP has the - Mitigation and - Construction of flood Parliament Local choice to suggest to prevention through control Area Development the District Collector creation of durable embankments Scheme (MPLADS) for, works to the tune community assets - Construction of of Rs.5 Crores per based on the locally felt common shelters for annum to be taken up needs cyclones, Floods and in his/her constituency. - As per Para 2.8 of the handicapped The Rajya Sabha guidelines on MPLADS, - Purchase of motor Member of Parliament Hon’ble MPs can boats for flood and can recommend works recommend up to a cyclone prone areas in one or more districts maximum of Rs. 1 crore - Fire tenders for in the State from for rehabilitation work Government where he/she has been for the affected areas organization elected. anywhere in the - Retrofitting of country in the event of essential lifeline calamity of severe buildings, viz Govt. nature. hospitals, Govt. Schools and public buildings to be used as shelters in an emergency. - Early Warning Systems for effective disaster mitigation. - Construction of roads, approach roads, link roads, Pathways. - Drinking water facility 2. Indira Awas Provides financial - Providing disaster - Construction of Yojana (IAY) assistance to rural poor resilient housing in disaster-resilient for constructing their areas prone to natural houses houses themselves calamities - To reducing risk of vulnerable population in Pre-disaster situation 3. Mahatma Gandhi Legal guarantee for - To minimise economic - Construction of river National Rural one hundred days of vulnerability of the embankments Employment employment in every people Pre-disaster - Construction of roads Guarantee Scheme financial year to adult situation in remote areas (MGNREGS) members of any rural - Useful for livelihood - Construction of household willing to do generation in Post- multi-hazard shelters public work-related disaster situation unskilled manual work 4. Swarnjayanti Bring the assisted poor - To minimise economic - Creation of SHGs Gram Swarojgar families above the vulnerability of the Yojna (SGSY) poverty line by people Pre-disaster organising them into situation Self Help Groups - Useful for livelihood (SHGs) through the generation in Post- process of social disaster situation mobilisation, their training and capacity building and provision of income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy. 5. Pradhan Mantri Good all-weather road - Useful in pre as well as - Construction of roads Gram Sadak connectivity to post disaster situation in remote areas Yojana (PMGSY) unconnected villages for road connectivity 6. National Health To provide accessible, - One of the most - Rapid Action Force Mission (NHM) affordable and quality important component in for Emergency (NRHM and health care to the Pre as well as post Medical Response NUHM) urban and rural disaster situation to - Emergency population, especially provide universal ambulances the vulnerable groups. access to health care - Preparedness for facilities mobile Field Hospitals 7. Scheme for Animal Schemes under - To control Animal - Vaccination drives Health Care in the Department of Animal epidemics State Husbandry 8. JnNURM To improve the quality - To develop and - Development of river of life and strengthen urban embankments infrastructure in the infrastructure to - Construction of roads cities minimise urban risk - Storm water drainage 9. Rashtriya To provide health - Insurance and Risk - Insurance (Disaster Swasthya Bima insurance coverage for Transfer Insurance) Yojana Below Poverty Line (BPL) families. 10. Pradhan Mantri To enable better living - Minimising risk by - Construction of Awas Yojana and drive economic constructing Disaster disaster resistant (PMAY) growth stressing on Resistant housing in houses the need for people Urban areas centric urban planning and development. 11. Pradhan Mantri An accidental Death - Insurance and Risk - Insurance Suraksha Bima and Disability Transfer Yojana (PMSBY) insurance scheme 12. The Pradhan A term life insurance - Insurance and Risk - Insurance Mantri Jeevan policy and it will Transfer Jyoti Bima Yojana provide life insurance (PMJJBY) coverage on the death of the policyholder.

4. Climate Change Actions: Climate change will have wide-ranging effects on the environment, and on socio-economic and related sectors, including water resources, agriculture and food security, human health, terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity and coastal zones. Changes in rainfall pattern are likely to lead to severe water shortages and/or flooding. Melting of glaciers can cause flooding and soil erosion. Rising temperatures will cause shifts in crop growing seasons, which affects food security, and changes in the distribution of disease vectors putting more people at risk from diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. Temperature increases will potentially severely increase rates of extinction for many habitats and species (up to 30 percent with a 2° C rise in temperature).

A rise in extreme events will have effects on health and lives as well as associated environmental and economic impacts. Because of the speed at which change is happening due to global temperature rise, it is urgent that the vulnerability of developing countries to climate change is reduced and their capacity to adapt is increased and national adaptation plans are implemented. Future vulnerability depends not only on climate change but also on the type of development path that is pursued. Thus adaptation should be implemented in the context of national and global sustainable development efforts.

The international community is identifying resources, tools and approaches to support this effort. Adapting to climate change entails taking the right measures to reduce the negative effects of climate change (or exploit the positive ones) by making the appropriate adjustments and changes. There are many options and opportunities to adapt. This range from technological options such as increased sea defenses or flood- proof houses on stilts, to behaviour change at the individual level, such as reducing water use in times of drought and using insecticide-sprayed mosquito nets. Other strategies include early warning systems for extreme events, better water management, improved risk management, various insurance options and biodiversity conservation.

Available evidence shows that there is high probability of increase in the frequency and intensity of climate related natural hazards due to climate change and hence increase in potential threat due to climate change related natural disasters in India, and Bihar is no exception to this. It is highly vulnerable to hydro- meteorological natural disasters, with North Bihar in general being highly flood-prone, and South Bihar being highly drought prone. In the (relative) absence of state level climate models and/or vulnerability studies, as well low community awareness, Bihar is potentially more sensitive and vulnerable to the climate change and its impacts.

4.1. Sector Specific Activities for climate Change Sector Invention type Activities Disaster Coordination and Setting up of Climate Change Sub-cell in the district Management networking Monitoring of various Establish automatic weather stations at critical locations to climate parameters monitor the changes in various climate parameters. Research Training & Community based risk assessment, Preparation of disaster Capacity Building management plan, Training of community members on search and rescue. Training of: - Departmental officials in vulnerability assessment.

- Departmental officials in the use of GIS and RS tools for effective resource management.

- Engineers in retrofitting of existing structures and safer construction practices.

- Mason in safer construction practices.

- Formal first responders in search & rescue & first aid.

- District level government officers in post-disaster needs assessment.

- Media personnel in reporting disaster related issues.

- Government officials in preparation of disaster management plans

- Government officials in post disaster response and utilisation of IRS principles.

Mock drills and table top exercises involving nodal officers of various government departments Awareness Knowledge sharing on Disaster management through various media (performing, print and electronic) - Training of schoolteachers in vulnerability assessment and school disaster management plans preparation.

- Vulnerability assessments: Structural and Non- structural,

- Training, Mock Drills, painting etc. competitions in educational institutions,

- Training of doctors in mass casualty management and hospital disaster management plan preparation.

- Vulnerability assessments: Structural and Non- structural

Vulnerability and risk - Vulnerability assessment of lifeline structure and management demonstrative retrofitting

- Relocation of critical infrastructure - Relocation of a few threatened habitations

- Assessment of urban vulnerability particularly in case of extreme precipitation events

- Vulnerability assessment of all industrial units in the state

Agriculture Planning Development of agro-climatic zone wise adaptation plans Forecasting and early - Establish weather service and early warning system warning systems through enhanced agro-met technology deployment and information dissemination

- Facilitating access to information and institutional support by expanding Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) networks to the Panchayat level and linking them to existing insurance mechanisms including Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) and National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS), scaling the returns at that level;

Improved varieties and - Development and deployment of improved crop practices varieties (drought and flood tolerant)

Irrigation - Promotion of Micro-irrigation systems augmentation

- Solar and wind power systems for irrigation

Soil and water - Implementing measures to minimize soil and water conservation losses through resource conservation technologies such as agro forestry, integrated watershed management, and water harvesting through check dams, renovation of existing ponds, etc. and building new ones

Integrated nutrient and Study on integrated nutrient and pest management based pest management on sector climate vulnerability assessment; development of management options Forests and Interventions in forest Forest/biodiversity protection, conservation, and green Bio Diversity and non-forest areas cover augmentation Fire Management Measures for fire management in all forest types Research Studies on indigenous trees species to assess their vulnerability to climate change Biodiversity Survey, identify, catalogue, document, protect, and conservation improve/enhance the status of biodiversity Water Water - Inventory of and revival/ repair of Ahar-Pynes and resource infrastructure/resource traditional systems of water initiated augmentation/conserva tion/management - Conservation and preservation of wetlands and maintenance of optimal wetland hydrology - Groundwater resources regulation and recharge/replenishment

- Actions for water use efficiency across sub-sectors - Actions for improving water quality

- Actions for adaptive retrofitting of infrastructure assets and O&M improvements

Urban Energy demand - Energy efficiency and conservation measures development reduction and efficiency - Promotion of and codes for green/energy efficient buildings, including in urban housing projects under various programmes

Adoption of renewable Promotion of renewable energy sources and technologies

Management of water, Comprehensive approach in management of water, municipal solid waste municipal waste and waste water with a realize their full and waste water potential for energy generation, recycling and reuse, composting, rainwater harvesting, Retrofitting of urban infrastructure climate resilience based on vulnerability and risk assessment Urban transportation Evolving integrated land use and transportation plans, achieving a modal shift from private to public mode of transportation, encouraging the use of non-motorised transport, improving fuel efficiency, and encouraging use of alternate fuels

Adaptation in terms of realignment and relocation, design standards and planning for roads, rail and other infrastructure to cope with risks from climate change Promote and foster alternative fuels such as CNG, bio- fuels Transport Transport - Improve access to bus services and service quality Infrastructure, planning, and - Enable and promote public transport management - Improve route and traffic planning, (Enhanced and resilient transportation - Rigorously implement measures for vehicular pollution infrastructure and control systems in place) - Promote the use and ensure availability of cleaner fuels such as CNG and bio-fuels

Energy Energy conservation - Promoting the use of energy efficient pumps and and efficiency motors improvements - Promotion of CFLs under the Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY)

- Awareness generation about energy efficient equipment and energy conservation measures

Industries Promoting Green House - Build awareness for adoption of GHG mitigation and mining Gases Mitigation options options Human Building programme - Design and deploy to manage increased vector borne Health Based resilience and water borne disease burden

- Design and deploy improved approaches to deal with heat and wave conditions

- Design and deploy measures to address drought induced malnutrition, and food security issues

Capacity building - Build people’s awareness of health hazards from climatic change through IEC

- Developing and strengthening of disaster management teams in district hospital specifically to respond to the effect of extreme climate change

Research Study on poverty and equity dimensions of health, disease burden and morbidity as a result of climate change; design of appropriate measures to incorporate findings into health policy and programming Health Reviews of the health infrastructure and potential climate Infrastructure change related vulnerabilities and risks (and where such resilience infrastructure is found to be at high risk, retrofit to make these more climate resilient)

4.2. Initiatives to Mitigate Climate Change Initiatives to mitigate disasters (intensified Initiatives to mitigate climate change by climate change) Continuous on-going efforts at tracking and Introducing new, more efficient and cleaner technologies in disaster risk indicators and developing improved thermal power generation. early warning systems; Developing and putting in place strategies and Promoting renewable energy generation and increasing the action programmes for disaster vulnerability share of alternative fuels in overall fuel mix. reduction;

Extensive information, education and Reducing emissions from transportation sector communication campaigns for the public in general, and specific communications in high risk zones; Improving inter-departmental coordination and Promoting energy efficiency in the economy, notably in communications for improved risk management industry, transportation, buildings and appliances. and disaster response; Seamless integration of state disaster Reducing emissions from waste. management machinery with other key stakeholders such as other developmental agencies and civil society for extended capability in all aspects of risk management and disaster response; Provision of all necessary equipment and Developing climate resilient infrastructure infrastructure for speedy and efficient responses to disasters including search and rescue, relief measures, and rehabilitation/reconstruction; Upgradation and retrofitting of key infrastructure Full implementation of Green India Mission and other assets in risk-prone zones/areas; programmes of a forestation. Systematic implementation of the State Disaster Planning and implementation of actions to enhance climate Management Plan in all its aspects. resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change.

Proper waste management practices, particularly biomedical waste management to improve health and laying scenario