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Culture Cucumis Melo Cucumis Cucumbers, but Flowers May Be Male, F but Flowers May Be Cucumbers, Botanical There Are Three Male, Or Perfect

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Culture Cucumis Melo Cucumis Cucumbers, but Flowers May Be Male, F but Flowers May Be Cucumbers, Botanical There Are Three Male, Or Perfect Cucumis melo Melon Melon leaves are oval to kidney shaped with quently called cantaloupe. However, the five to seven shallow lobes. Plants produce true cantaloupe C. melo var. cantaloupensis trailing vines and yellow flowers similar to is not grown in the United States and has a cucumbers, but flowers may be male, fe- hard, rough, warty, or scaly rind. The late- male, or perfect. There are three botanical ripening winter melons, C. melo var. in- varieties within the species and cross- odorus, include casaba, Crenshaw, honey- pollination can occur among these. dew, Christmas and Persian melon. Muskmelon is a popular fruit that is eaten Muskmelon, C. melo var. reticulous, has or- fresh or can be frozen. ange flesh and a netted rind and is fre- MASTER GARDENERS Culture Melons require a long growing season of soil moisture levels. The plastic can be 90 to 125 days with temperatures averag- installed when the soil is in good planting ing between70-80oF. Melons can be di- condition, any time from a few days to 2-3 rect sown, but will yield a much better weeks before planting. This will speed crop if started indoors in late April or early the harvest since the soil will be very May and transplanted into the garden in warm when the seeds and transplants are early June after the soil has warmed. planted. Vine crops cannot tolerate root distur- bances and do not normally transplant Muskmelons may crack during periods of well. Sow the seed indoors ½ inch deep high humidity, which is common during in 3-inch peat pots using a sterile seedling summer rainy periods. Poor flavor, and/or mix. You can buy or mix your own sterile smooth rind is due to cool temperatures; potting mix for starting transplants. The wet, cloudy weather; poorly adapted va- mix should include peat, sphagnum or rieties; poor soil fertility (especially low compost to retain moisture; vermiculite or potassium) and picking the melons before they are ripe. Muskmelons will become perlite for aeration; and mineral and nutri- ent sources to encourage growth after the bitter if the temperatures are too high. first roots form. Germination is in 7-10 After five leaves have developed, pinch days when soil temperature is in the opti- out each growing point to encourage fur- mum range of 70-85oF. Direct sowing is ther shoots. When these are well devel- not recommended due to our short grow- oped, reduce them to about four of the ing season. Like most vine crops, melons most vigorous shoots. Train two shoots require even moisture levels to keep from on either side, between adjacent plants in rotting. The soil should be barely moist to the row. Remove any protective covering the touch. Seedlings should be hardened when the plants begin to flower to encour- off before planting, by reducing water age insect-pollination. slightly and gradually exposing them to outside temperatures and sunlight. Vine Thin to one fruit per shoot when the fruits crops cannot tolerate cool temperatures, are 1 inch in diameter, and pinch all so be sure to bring them inside the green- sublaterals at two to three leaves beyond house if the temperature threatens to dip the developing fruits. Pinch out the main below 40-45oF. Space transplants 3 feet shoots when they are 3 to 4 foot long and apart in rows 5 foot apart. Space 3 foot remove any further sublaterals that form. apart in both directions for wide row plant- You can lengthen the growing season by ing. Plant each seedling on a slight protecting plants from late spring frosts mound and protect young plants until they and early fall frosts. There are a variety are established from wind and cold of ways to prolong the growing season, weather with cloches or plastic tunnels. including planting on a southern slope, Planting in raised beds covered with creating a warmer microclimate using green or black plastic mulch can produce floating row covers, dark plastic mulch to ripe melons 2 weeks earlier. Black plastic warm the soil, clear plastic tunnels, cold mulch is very effective because it absorb frames, or using windbreaks to shield heat, warms the soil, and maintains good plants. Master Gardeners JournalJournal MG 282 March 1, 2003 Cultivar Selection Melons were initially bred to resist powdery mildew fungus, but today melons are bred for multiple disease resistance. A wide range of flavors and sizes is available. Melons mature in 90 to 125 days depending upon the variety. Days to maturity are calculated from date of direct seeding. Seed Specification: Minimum germination standard: 80%. Usual seed life: 3 years. Approximately 25-40 seeds per gram; 28 grams per ounce. Irrigation MASTER GARDENERS Melons are shallow-rooted crops and re- stressed. Plants that wilt intermittently may quire frequent watering. All vine crops re- produce smaller yields, while plants that quire supplemental irrigation of 1 inch of wilt frequently or that wilt too long die due water every week in order to assure a con- to irreversible cell damage. stant supply of moisture, particularly during bloom and fruit development. Soil mois- Drip irrigation works particularly well with ture should not drop below 65%. A handful black plastic mulch. When irrigating vine of soil at 65% can be formed into a firm crops, it is important to keep water away ball. The ball will feel moist, but the soil will from the crown of the plant as even a few not stick to your hand, and the ball will be hours of crown wetness can damage the pliable. When broken, the ball will crumble root system. Water in the morning or early Providing university research- into medium-sized fragments. Moisture afternoon so the foliage dries by evening. based horticulture information stress can reduce crop yields. If leaves This helps prevent the spread of leaf dis- begin to wilt midday, plants are moisture eases. and educational opportunities Fertility Milwaukee County UW-Extension Melons prefer a soil pH between 6.0 and analysis. One week after blossoming be- 932 South 60th Street 6.8; adding lime in SE Wisconsin should gins, side-dress with a 1 tablespoon of 21- West Allis, WI 53214-3346 not be necessary. Vine crops require low 0-0 (ammonium sulfate) or 20-10-10 per Phone: (414) 290-2400 nitrogen and high potassium and phospho- hill, or alternately feed every ten to 14 days Fax: (414) 290-2424 rous for good fruit development. At planting with a liquid feed such as ‘Miracle Grow’ as http://milwaukee.uwex.edu time, apply 2 tablespoons per hill of a com- the fruits begin to develop. Reduce water- plete fertilizer such as 10-10-10 or similar ing and feeding as fruits ripen. Ozaukee County UW-Extension Harvest Box 994 121 West Main Street Harvest muskmelon early in the day, after ture for a few days. When they are com- Port Washington, WI 53074 the plants are dry. Be careful not to dam- pletely ripe, the blossom end yields to pres- Phone: (262) 284-8288 age the vines. Check for maturity by gently sure. http://www.co.ozaukee.wi.us lifting the melon. If it is ripe it should fully Persian melons are ripe when they have a /MasterGardener slip from the stem with slight finger pres- sweet, fruity aroma at the blossom end. If sure. When ripe, the muskmelon rind melons are not yet ripe in September and a changes from green to tan or yellow be- hard frost is predicted, cover the foliage Compiled By tween the netting. and immature fruit with newspaper. John T. Kovatch. To harvest Casaba and honeydew, cut Melons should be picked in the cool of the them off the vine after they turn completely day and chilled as rapidly as possible to yellow. They will continue to ripen (become 35oF. Store at 35 oF. and 95% relative hu- soft and mellow) if kept at room tempera- midity. Pests Key pests include two species of cucumber beetles; striped and spotted. The striped cucumber beetles are more serious in Wiscon- sin. Cucumber beetles are a problem on vine crops because they transmit the bacterial wilt organism. The striped cucumber beetle is 1/5 inch long and yellow-green in color with three black stripes running the length of its body. Spotted cucumber beetles are yellow- green with 12 black spots on their backs. Non-chemical control can be achieved in small plantings by covering the plants with floating row covers to keep the beetles out. Make sure you uncover flowering plants to allow the bees to enter and pollinate the plants. If bac- terial wilt infections have already occurred, remove the diseased plants immediately to prevent the spread of the disease while insects are present. Diseases Melons are susceptible to many of the common vine diseases, such as Bacterial wilt, Alternaria blight, angular leaf spot, mosaic, Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, scab, and stem anthracnose. Common control measures include crop rotation, field sanitation, and fungicide applications. Many diseases can be eliminated or reduced by avoiding overhead watering. Where disease is a known prob- lem, choose resistant varieties. Remove plant refuse and control insect pests. Consult University of Wisconsin - Extension for dis- ease specifics. .
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